Addis Ababa University

Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Worksheet Two
Instructions: Attempt all questions.
Chapter Three
1. Plot the following process on P-v and T-v diagram and determine the heat transfer per
unit mass during the process.

a. Super-heated vapor at 1MPa and 300oC is cooled at constant pressure until liquid
just begins to form.
b. A liquid – vapor mixture with a pressure of 200kPa and a quality of 60% is heated
at constant volume until its quality is 100%.
c. A liquid – vapor mixture of water with a quality of 60% is heated at constant
temperature of 200oC until its volume is 4 times.
2. A piston–cylinder device with a set of stops initially contains 0.6 kg of steam at 1.0 MPa
and 400°C. The location of the stops corresponds to 40 percent of the initial volume. Now
the steam is cooled. Determine the compression work if the final state is (a) 1.0 MPa and
250°C, (b) 500 kPa and (c) determine the temperature at the final state in part b.

3. An insulated rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. Initially, one part
contains 4 kg of an ideal gas at 800 kPa and 50°C, and the other part is evacuated. The
partition is now removed, and the gas expands into the entire tank. Determine the final
temperature and pressure in the tank.

4. A piston–cylinder device contains 50 kg of water at 250 kPa and 25°C. The cross-sectional
area of the piston is 0.1m2. Heat is now transferred to the water, causing part of it to
evaporate and expand. When the volume reaches 0.2m3, the piston reaches a linear
 spring whose spring constant is 100kN/m. More heat is transferred to the water until the
piston rises 20 cm more. Determine
a. the final pressure and temperature and
b. the work done during this process.
c. show the process on a P-V diagram.

5. A mass of 12 kg of saturated refrigerant-134a vapor is contained in a piston–cylinder

device at 240 kPa. Now 300 kJ of heat is transferred to the refrigerant at constant pressure
while a 110-V source supplies current to a resistor within the cylinder for 6 min.
Determine the current supplied if the final temperature is 70°C. Also, show the process
on a T-v diagram with respect to the saturation lines.

6. Two rigid tanks are connected by a valve. Tank A contains 0.2 m3 of water at 400kPa and
80 percent quality. Tank B contains 0.5 m3 of water at 200kPa and 250°C. The valve is now
opened, and the two tanks eventually come to the same state. Determine the pressure
and the amount of heat transfer when the system reaches thermal equilibrium with the
surroundings at 25°C.
7. In a vapor compression refrigeration system, refrigerant R-134a is used in the cycle. The
cycle includes a compressor which compresses the refrigerant from 100kPa to 1MPa in a
steady-state, steady flow manner. Determine the work required for the compression
process?
8. Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are
4 MPa, 500°C, and 80 m/s, and the exit conditions are 30 kPa, 92 percent quality, and 50
m/s. The mass flow rate of the steam is 12 kg/s. Determine
a. the change in kinetic energy,
b. the power output, and
c. the turbine inlet area.

9. A portion of the steam passing through a steam turbine is sometimes removed for the
purposes of feedwater heating as shown in the figure below. Consider an adiabatic steam
turbine with 12.5 MPa and 550°C steam entering at a rate of 20 kg/s. Steam is bled from
this turbine at 1000 kPa and 200°C with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s. The remaining steam
leaves the turbine at 100 kPa and 100°C. Determine the power produced by this turbine.
10. A desktop computer is to be cooled by a fan whose flow rate is 0.34 m3/min. Determine
the mass flow rate of air through the fan at an elevation of 3400 m where the air density
is 0.7 kg/m3. Also, if the average velocity of air is not to exceed 110m/min, determine the
diameter of the casing of the fan.
11. Air at 600 kPa and 500 K enters an adiabatic nozzle that has an inlet-to-exit area ratio of
2:1 with a velocity of 120 m/s and leaves with a velocity of 380 m/s. Determine
a. the exit temperature and
b. the exit pressure of the air.
12. Steam enters a nozzle at 400°C and 800 kPa with a velocity of 10 m/s, and leaves at 375°C
and 400 kPa while losing heat at a rate of 25 kW. For an inlet area of 800 cm2, determine
the velocity and the volume flow rate of the steam at the nozzle exit.
13. Air is expanded from 1000 kPa and 600°C at the inlet of a steady-flow turbine to 100 kPa
and 200°C at the outlet. The inlet area and velocity are 0.1m2 and 30 m/s, respectively,
and the outlet velocity is 10 m/s. Determine the mass flow rate and outlet area.
14. A saturated liquid–vapor mixture of water, called wet steam, in a steam line at 1500 kPa
is throttled to 50 kPa and 100°C. What is the quality in the steam line?

15. A hot-water stream at 80°C enters a mixing chamber with a mass flow rate of 0.5 kg/s
where it is mixed with a stream of cold water at 20°C. If it is desired that the mixture
leaves the chamber at 42°C, determine the mass flow rate of the cold-water stream.
Assume all the streams are at a pressure of 250 kPa.

16. Refrigerant-134a at 1 MPa and 90°C is to be cooled to 1 MPa and 30°C in a condenser by
air. The air enters at 100 kPa and 27°C with a volume flow rate of 600 m3/min and leaves
at 95 kPa and 60°C. Determine the mass flow rate of the refrigerant.
17. An air-conditioning system involves the mixing of cold air and warm outdoor air before
the mixture is routed to the conditioned room in steady operation. Cold air enters the
mixing chamber at 7°C and 105 kPa at a rate of 0.55 m3/s while warm air enters at 34°C
and 105 kPa. The air leaves the room at 24°C. The ratio of the mass flow rates of the hot
to cold airstreams is 1.6. Using variable specific heats, determine (a) the mixture
temperature at the inlet of the room and (b) the rate of heat gain of the room.

18. Steam is to be condensed in the condenser of a steam power plant at a temperature of

50°C with cooling water from a nearby lake, which enters the tubes of the condenser at
18°C at a rate of 101 kg/s and leaves at 27°C. Determine the rate of condensation of the
steam in the condenser.
19. The ducts of an air heating system pass through an unheated area. As a result of heat
losses, the temperature of the air in the duct drops by 4°C. If the mass flow rate of air is
120 kg/min, determine the rate of heat loss from the air to the cold environment.
20. A 2-m3 rigid insulated tank initially containing saturated water vapor at 1 MPa is
connected through a valve to a supply line that carries steam at 400°C. Now the valve is
opened, and steam is allowed to flow slowly into the tank until the pressure in the tank
rises to 2 MPa. At this instant the tank temperature is measured to be 300°C. Determine
the mass of the steam that has entered and the pressure of the steam in the supply line.