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Curriculum studies (National University of Lesotho)

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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF LESOTHO

Lesotho General Certificate of Secondary Education

CANDIDATE
NAME

CENTRE CANDIDATE
NUMBER NUMBER

PHYSICAL SCIENCE 0181/03

Paper3 Extended Theory October/November 2023
t hour 30 minutes

Marks:80

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIOIiIS FIRST

Write your name, centre number and candidate number on relevant boxes at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
Use HB pencilfor any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, and glue or conection fluid.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
A copy of the Periodic Table is on page 16.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 13 printed pages 2 blank pages and a Periodic Table.

Examinations Council of Lesotho

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A car of mass 2000 kg travels from rest and reaches a speed of 25n/s in 10 seconds.

(a) Determine the weight of the car.

Useg=10N/kg

N 12]
(b) Calculate

(i) acceleration of ttrc car

m/sz azl

(ii) resultant forcs on the car.

Show that the kinetic onergy of the car at 1Oth seconds is 625kJ.

t3I
fiotal:91

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Fig2.l shorus a watertank containing 100k9 of water.

The copper tubes connected to the tank are covered with a solar collector and enclosed
in thick glass.

The spedficheat capacity of water is 4200J(kg "C). t3I

Fig.2.1

(a) Suggest, with a reason, the best paint colour for the solar collector.

Izt

(b) State what is meant by the statement'specific heat capacity of water is

4200J/(kg oC),

t1I

(c) Calculate the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of water from
10 oC to 20 oC.

..........J 121

(d) Mention any cfiange that coutd be done on the water to make its temperature to
increase faster.

t1I
fiotal:61
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Fig. 3.1 shows an object O pfaceO in ftont of a thin mnverging lens of focal length 2.0cm.

Thin converging lens

Flg 3.1

On flg 3.1, mark a principal focus and label it F on the right of O.

t1I

(b) (D On Fig. 3.1, draw rays to locabtre po$ition of the imagedo.

Labelthe image l.

(ii) State the naturc of the image.

,. tl]
[total:51

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4 Fig.4.1 shorirs a model of a generator designed by a student.

A coil b left to swing freely between the two poles of a permanent magnet.
The oil wings in and out of the magnet as shown by the arrow.

Magnetic pole
Coil
Magnetic pole
Fig.4.1

(a) Describe how the device can generate electricity.

tzt

(b) State three factors that affect the amount of the electricity generated.

......1:........t..

t3l

(c) Suggest, with reason, whether the type of electricity generated by the model is a.c.
or d.c.

t4
[total:71

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows a circuit of a transformer connected to a lamp.

a.c. supply
t- Secondary coil
I

lr
ll
rl
Fig.5.1

(a) State the type of transformer sholvn in Fig. 5.1.

lll

(b) State the name of the structure labelled X.

t1l

(c) Explain why the bulb lights when the a.c. supply is connected.

121

(d) The transformer in Fig. 5.1 is 100% efficient with 1000 turns in the primary coil and 100
turns in the secondary coil.

A current of 0.2A flows in the primary coil when supplied with 240V;

(i) Calculate the voltage in the secondary coil.

Voltage = lzl

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(ii) Calculate the current in the lamp.

[Total:8]
Fig. 6.1 shows how a radioactive source is used in industries to control the thickness of paper.

Rollers on the machinery press hard to control thickness of the paper.

Fig.6.1

{a} State, with a reason, the types of radiation that pass through the paper.

121

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.r8
(b) The radioactive source used in this factory is strontium-9O'
The strontium-90 is represented as !$Sr.
The half-life of the strontium-9O is about 29 years.

(i) Suggest why it is important to use a radioactive source that has a long half-life.

t1l

(ii) Strontium-90 decays by emitting a beta-particle-

Complete the equation for the decay of Strontiurn-90.

?9x +
121
[Total:51

Table 7.1 gives information about some group I elements.

Table 7.1

Element Proton number Densitylglcm"

Lithium 3 0.53
Sodium 11 0.97
Potassium 19 0.86
Rubidium 37 1.53

(a) Using information in Table 7.1,

(i) write the electron arrangernent of a sodium atom,

11I

(ii) describe the trend in density of the group I elements.

tzt

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(b) A student dropped sodium in water,l

The [Link] to form a solution and a hydrogen gas.

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

t3I

(ii) Draw, a dot-and-cross diagram, using only the outer shells to show
bonding in water molecule.

t21

(iii) Describe a test for hydrogen gas.

: "........... ,

tzt

(iv) The solution was tested using litmus paper.

Describe the colour change that would be observed.

t2t
Fotal:121

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10

Fig. 8.1 shows the blast furnace used in the extraction of iron from hematite.

Hot waste gases (recycled

to heatfumace)
llron ore (haematite,
JCoke (carbon) and
lLimestone (calcium
[-carbonate)
1000"c

1500'c

1900'c

Fig.8.1

Name the substances labelled P and Q.

The reaction of iron ore with carbon monoxide is represented by tte following
equation.

Fe2O3(s)* 3CO(e) * 2Fe6;+ 3COz(*1

(i) Explain why this reaction is a redox reaction.

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11

(iil State the type of an oxide carbon dioxide is.

tll

(iii) Calculate the mass of iron that can be extracted ftom 50kg of iron ore Fe2o3
[Ar: Fe,56;O,16;C,1Zl

amount of iron ..............kg

The liquid iron produced is purified and some components are added to form an
alloy, steel.

(i) Draw a diagrarn to show the anangement of particles in steel. . ,

I2t
(ii) Mention one industrial use of stainless steel.

11I
i ffotal: {21

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12

Ammonia is produced through a Haber process as shown in the equation'

' 311, + Nz
= 2NHs

(a) Name the meaning of the symbol" + " in the equation'

t1l

(b) State a fertiliser made from ammonia.

11l

(c) Mention a property of transition elements that makes one of them suitable
for use in
Haber Process.

SuPPort Your answer.

Property....

SuPPort....

t2I

(d) Haber process is an exothermic process.

process is
(i) Explain, in terms of bond breaking and bond formation, why the Haber
an exothermic Process.

(ii) Explain how increasing the temperature would affect the rate of the Haber
process.

121
lTotal: 7l

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.13
10 Petohumis a mixture made mostlyof hydiocarbons such as c*Hro.
(a) ffilhe name of the hydrocarbon, CeHro.

l1I

{b} Petroleum components are widely used in everyday life.

Explain how long-term excessiue''ijse of petroleum harms the environment.

t3I

(cl CIher hydrocarbons such as propene, CsHe, can be derived from petroleum.
(i) Describe the process used to manufacture hydrocarbons such as CaHo from
petroleum.

t3I
(i0 Draw the graphical structure of polypropene.

t21
Fotal: 9l

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