Gravitation

Pendapat tentang Bab 3 - Gravitation

https://www.menti.com/o3t274wquh

Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation

Gravitational force
is an attractive force
that acts between any

pair of an objects in

the universe.

known as a universal

force.

gravitational force is directly gravitational force is inversely

proportional to the product of proportional to the square of the
the masses of the two objects distance between the two objects
Fa
FL Mm Iz

Fa

MIZ

Mi

IM 2

object
IL r
y object 2

Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation states that the grav. force between
2 objects is directly proportional to product of the masses of both objects and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

F gravforcebetween 2objects

F GYM mi mass of first object

Ma mass of second object
r distance betweencentresobjec

G universalgravconstant

6 6.67 15Nmkg2


Gravitational acceleration

g

Newton’s Universal Law of
Newton’s Second Law

of Motion Gravitation
Fema

my
Fg GMG

Equating both equations Ing GMA

MT

At the position with height, h from the surface

of the Earth,

r = R + h

h1 so,

Eh

R = radius of earth

B
h = height from Earth

At the position with height, h = 0

r = R

so,

g Gtf

Value of grave acceleration on Earth

I Mass of Earth 5 97 5 kg

g 2
Radius of Earth 6374106m
G 6.67 10 Nm kg 2

6.67 10 Nm kg 5.97 1024kg

6.37 106my

981 N kg F ma

Ygms 2kg1
k
152

I g

9 81m52

firstmanearth R R R GR

gram acceleration 9.81 2 451.09 0.61

p g p

91

get

O IR IR IR yr

Value of g depends on the distance from the centre

of Earth, r

274m15
3.70ms 24.79ms
g
869ms 11.15m

887m52 371m52 10.44ms

Effect of change in gravity on human growth

Effects of low gravity Effects of high gravity

blood collects in
blood collects in
the lower parts
the upper parts

of body
of body

size of lung increased size of lung decreased

lower blood higher blood

pressure and pressure and
heart rate heart rate

density of body density of body

decreases increases

bones becomes

no significant
more fragile due

change in
to loss of Calcium

fragility

Centripetal Force Fa i

is a force acts on a body in a direction

towards the centre of the circle.

m = mass

E ME v = linear speed
r = radius of circle

From Formula

Fa

F ma mil

Ha HE

centripetal
v = linear speed
I

acceleration

a r = radius of circle

Mass of the Earth and Sun.

Earth

circumference

2Ir

Moon’s orbit

v = linear speed
r = radius of orbit
4133

M T = period of orbit

GTZ M = Mass of Earth or Moon

G = gravitational constant

fMit

MIIIadt.IE rbitM Eaa

any planet

OF any satellite of

or moon

T period of orbit
T period of orbit

of the planet


Centripetal Gravitational

Force Fc Force Fg

MI GYE

KE

T2

GMT

r GM

GM Var

GM t

II

mis


1st : Law of Orbit

2nd : Law States that all planets move in elliptical
orbits with Sun at one focus.
of Area

minor axis

IF

r ox's

major axis
states that a line that is
connects a planet to
the sun sweeps out
major axisaxis
equal areas in equal time

minor

DIDI
focus
BYSunthe
Kepler’s Law of ellipse
a speed AB sun is located
Area R R2 at foci Fi Fs
Time A to B time C to D

3rd Lawisof Period

states that square of orbital period of any
planet is directly proportional to the cube of the radius of
its orbit.
T L 83
planets with larger
radius has longer
orbital period
r
F 0 Panet T orpbeit.gl

1
I F radius
fun of orbit
i
I
1 re
Relationship between orbital period, T
and radius of planet, r
Fromformuissothetarh
4
M
É
so GT M 41723
T 4
TE

II 1
3
TE kr

Ti Kr

Ta kri FIJI
I
Planets orbital period
 used to study the Earth
for communication, observe
are man made universe
object orbiting
the Earth. speed 27400 km/h in low
earth orbit.
É
Man Made Satellites
always orbiting in
satellite closer to Earth
a circular motion is moving at higher speed
with velocity, v and compared to farther
grav. force F away from Earth.
between satellites
and Earth
orbit ranging 240 km - 362000 km from Earth.
 linearspeed
Linear
speed
of N
Y
satellite if v less than
required linear speed
r h value, the satellite
will fall into a lower
orbit and enters
if v more than required
linear speed value, the K earth atmosphere
satellite acts more against R
air resistance and will
generate heat that can
cause to burn up.

earth
orbit
Centripetal Gravitational
Fe Force Fg
Force
ME GM.my

v2
Gtf
GMG
 COMPARISON BETWEEN
GEOSTATIONARY & NON-GEOSTATIONARY
SATELLITES
geostationary Non-geostationary
satellite satellite
Orbits around
the Earth

orbital period,T 24 hours >24 hours>

location of Earth same spot in the sky above difference

surface at all time with same
speed with Earth geographical location

direction of motion
as compared to same need not be the same
direction of Earth

Names RazakSAT, ISS,

MEASAT TiungSAT

earth
Used for communication satellite imaging, GPS,
weather
forecast
 I it

M tdistance
L I fh
Éarth

Minimum kinetic energy = gravitational potential energy

v2 h
I GMs

IV ay
t

I GI
2
2

1 XD