GRAVITATION PHYSICS - I B

SYNOPSIS GM  I  1
i) If r  R, I 
r2 r2
Newton’s Law of Gravitation:
GM
The gravitational force of attraction between two ii) If r  R; I  2
particles is directly proportional to the product R
of their masses and inversely proportional to the GM
iii) If r  R (r  0), I  3  r  , I  r
square of the distance between them. R
F12 F21 c) The Gravitational field strength at a point is equal
m1 m2
to the acceleration due to gravity at that point.
r d) Location of null point due to two point masses
m1 0 m2

F12 
Gm1m2
r12 
^
Gm1m2
r12

x
 r-x
2
r r3 r
Gm1m2 r
F= , G  universal gravitational x
r2 m2
 1 from the centre of weaker mass
constant m1
G= 6.67x 10-11 Nm2 kg-2 ( m1 < m2)
G is a Scalar quantity. Kepler’s Laws of Planetary motion:
The value of ‘G’ is constant for any two bodies, I Law (Law of orbits):
in any medium and at any place in the universe. i) Every planet revolves around the sun in an
* Modification of space by mass particle is called elliptical orbit, with the sun at one of the foci.
gravitational field. ii) During the orbital motion of a planet around
* Law of gravitation is a consequence of “action the sun in an elliptical orbit, at a particular instant
the planet is very close to the sun (the point is
at a distance concept”.
called perogy or periheleon) and at another
Gravitational field strength: particular instant it is far away from the sun (the
It is the Gravitational force experienced by a unit point is called epogy or epiheleon).
mass kept at a point in a gravitational field. II Law (Law of areas):
F
I  Nkg 1 (It is a vector) i) The line joining the sun and the planet
m sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time
a) The Gravitational field strength at a point due to or areal velocity of radius vector is constant.
a point mass dA d  1 2 
Areal velocity, VA =   r d 
m Gm dt dt  2 

r2 1 2 d 1 2 L
r = r  r w
2 dt 2 2m
b) The Gravitational field strength at a point due to ii) Where ‘L’ is the angular momentum of the
a uniform sphere of mass M planet of mass ‘m’ in the given orbit Keepler’s II
law is a consequence of the law of conservation
GM of Angular momentum
R2
R P  iii)According to II law, a planet moves faster
M when it is near to sun and moves slower when it
0
GM is far away from the sun.
r  2
0 r iv) According to II law Vmax rmin  Vmin rmax

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III Law (law of periods): Varification of ‘g’ with depth:

i) The square of the time period of revolution of a  d æ ö
i) g d  g 1   çç g = 4 p RG r ÷ ÷
planet around the sun is proportional to the cube  R çè 3 ø÷
of the mean distance of the planet from the sun ( r is the mean density of the earth)
or semi-major axis,
2 ii) Fractional decreases of ‘g’ and weight of an
T 2  R 3 or T 3  constant object according to depth 'd' is
R
If ‘2a’ is length of major axis then T 2  a 3
4p 2
The proportionality constant is K = W g d
GM  
ii) According to III law, as the distance of the planet W g R
increases, then the duration of the year of the
planet increases. iii) As depth increases, ‘g’ decreases
Relation Between g & G iv) at the centre of the earth, g d  o  W  0
GM 4 v) If gh=gd and (h<<R, d<<R), then 2h=d.
g = 2 = p RGr
R 3 Variation of ‘g’ with latitude (effect of rotation of
M – Mass of the planet or heavenly body earth)
R – Radius of the planet or heavenly body i) If ‘g’ is the acceleration due to gravity when the
r – Uniform density of the planet or earth does not rotate and g  is the acceleration
heavenly body due to gravity at an attitude ‘  ’ due to rotation
M of earth, then g  =g-R  2cos2  (  is angular
i) g  2
R velocity of rotation of earth)
ii) g µ Rr ii) As  increases, g also increases
M iii) At equator g0= g-R  2 (min)
iii) W µ g µ 2 µ Rr
R the value of g at equator depends on angular
W – weight of an object velocity of earth
1 iv) At poles g90=g (max)
iv) h  ( the height to which a person can v) The value of ‘g’ at the poles is independent of
g
jump on the surface of a planet.) the rotation of the earth.
Variation of ‘g’ with altitude: vi) The value of ‘g’ at the equator become zero when
If Ris the radius of the earth, M is the mass of the angular velocity of rotation increases to 17
the earth and h is the altitude, then times of the present value.
GM GM Variation of g according to shape of the earth.
i) g h  2   r  R  h
r ( R  h) 2 GM 1
 2h  As g  2
g 2
R R
ii) If h<<R, then g h  g 1  
 R i) gmin at equator, because Rmax
iii) Fractional decrease of ‘g’ for smaller altitude is ii) gmax at poles, because R min
g 2h
 iii) The value of ‘g’ gradually increases from
g R
iv) Fractional loss of weight for smaller altitude is equator to poles.
W 2h Variation of g according to local conditions:
 i) The value of g is slightly more at the location of
W R
v) As the altitude increases, ‘g’ decreases mineral deposits.

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ii) The value of g is slightly less on the top of vi) Workdone in lifting a body from the surface of
mountains and also inside the mines. the earth to a height ‘h’ against the gravitational
forces is
iii) I f g1, g2 and g3 are the acceleration due to
gravities on the surface of the earth, on the top   GMm GMm  GMm h
W   
of a mountain and inside a mine, then g2>g1>g3.  Rh R  (R  h) R
Gravitational Potential: mgh
i) It is the amount of workdone in bringing a unit = (1 h )
R
mass from infinity to a point in the gravitational If h<<<R, W= mgh
field.
Orbit Velocity  V0  :
ii) It is always- Ve and its maximum value is zero
i) It is the minimum velocity required by a satellite
at infinity
to revolve in a particular orbit around a planet.
iii) The Gravitational potential at a point due to a ii) Direction of V0 is always tangential to the orbit
point mass iii) If satelite revolving at a height h from the surface
m 1kg 
GM
r of the planet is V0 
Rh
 Gm iv) If the orbit is very near the surface of the planet
V (for a surface satellite)
r
iv) The gravitational PE of the system of two
 GM 
particles V0     gR
 R 
m1 m2
v) V0 µ M
r µ R r r ® mean density of the
Gm1m2 R
U planet
r
v) The gravitational potential energy of a body at a vi) V0 is independent of the mass of the orbiting
point in the gravitational field of earth body
U 
GMm
  mgR
vii) V0 depends on mass of the planet and radius of
R
R P  the orbit
M
U 0 viii) For an earth’s surface satellite V0= 7.98kms-1
U
GMm GMm
 ix) Orbital angular velacity satellite is
r r Rh
GM
3GMm 0 
U  3
R R  h 3
a) The potential energy on the surface of earth is
x) Time periode of satellite is T  2
 R  h
GMm GM
U  mgr
R Escape Velocity (Ve)
b) The potential energy at distance "R+h" from the i) It is the minimum velocity of an object to escape
center of earth is from the gravitational field.
ii) From the surface of a planet
GMm GMm
U  r  R  h 2GM M
Rh r Ve = = 2gR , Ve µ µR r
R R
c) The Potential energy at "  " is U=0
iii) (Ve)moon = 2.38 kms-1, (Ve) earth= 11.2kms-1 &
d) Potential energy at the center of earth is
(Ve)sun=42kms-1
3GMm
U iv) It depends on the mass and radius of the planet
2R
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v) It is independent of the mass of the body and the iv) Total energy increases
direction of projection v) Period of revolution increases
* For a Satellite
vi) There is no atmosphere on the surface of the
i) If V < V 0 then it falls to the surface of earth
moon, because r.m.s. velocity of the air
in parabolic path (TE<0)
moleculus is greater than the escape velocity on
ii) If V=V0 then it revolves around the earth in
the moon.
circular orbit (TE<0)
vii) Ve= 2 V0 iii) If V0<V<Ve, then it revolves in an elliptical
viii) If the speed of the orbital satellite is made 2 orbit (TE<0)
times or increased by 41.4% or its KE is iv) If V=V e, then it just escapes from the
doubled, then it will escape to infinity. gravitational field by parabolic path. (TE=0)
Geo-stationary or Communication or v) If V>Ve, then it escapes to infinity and enters
parking satellite: into interstellar space with some velocity in
i) Its time period of revolution around the earth is
hyperbolic path.
24hr
ii) Its relative velocity w.r.t the earth is zero V  VP2  Ve2 , ve  escape velocity
iii) Its orbit is called parking orbit and its height from
the surface of the earth is 36,000km or (TE > 0) V¥ ® velocity at interstellar space or
from the center of the earth is 42,400km. at infinity
iv) It revolves from west to east in the equitorial
plane EXERCISE - I
Energies of an orbiting satellite Newton’s Law of Gravitation and Gravitational
i) PE+KE=T.E (Binding energy of a satellite) Intensity
1. The value of G depends upon
- GMm - GMm 1) The mass of bodies
ii) PE = 
r Rh 2) The medium between the bodies
GMm GMm 3) The temperature of bodies
iii) KE   4) It is an independent constant
2r 2(R  h)
2. Two identical spheres of gold are in contact
- GMm - GMm with each other. The gravitational force of
iv) TE  
2r 2(R  h) attraction between them is
v) PE : KE : TE = – 2 : 1 : – 1 1) directly proportional to the square of their
Angular momentum of a satellite radius
2) directly proportional to the cube of their
GM radius
L= mv0r = m r  GMm2r
r 3) directly proportional to the fourth power of
their radius
 GMm 2 ( R  h ) ( r=R+h)
4) inversely propostional to the square of their
for a surface satellite (h<<R) radius.
L= GMm 2 R  gR 3m 2 3. If there were a small alteration in
* For a Satellite with increase in height of the gravitational force, then which of the
following forces do you think would alter in
orbit from the surface of the planet, then its some respect
i) PE incresases 1) Viscous forces
ii) KE decreases 2) Archimedies principle
iii) Orbital velocity decreases 3) Electrostatic force
4) all the above

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4. Find the false statement (ATL) 10. The atmosphere is held to the earth by
1) Gravitational force acts along the line 1) The rotation of the earth
joining the two interacting particles 2) The attraction of the sun
2) Gravitational for ce is independent of 3) The gravity 4) All
medium 11. Which of the following is the evidence to show
3) Gravitational force forms an action- reaction that there must be a force acting on earth
pair and directed towards the sun?
4) Gravitational for ce does not obey the 1) Deviation of falling bodies towards east
principle of superposition. 2) Revolution of the earth around the sun
5. Among the following find the wrong 3) Apparent motion of the sun round the earth
statement (ATL) 4) Phenomenon of day and night
1) Law of gravitation is framed using Newton’s
third law of motion 12. Among the following choose the wrong
2) Law of gravitation cannot explain why statement
gravity exists. 1) According to geo-centric theory, earth is the
3) Law of gravitation does not explain the centre of universe
presense of force even when the particles are 2) Copernicus proposed helio-centric theory of
not in physical contact. the universe
4) When the range is long, gravitational force 3) Ptolemy proposed geo-centric theory of the
becomes repulsive universe
6. Law of gravitation is not applicable if 4) According to helio-centric theory, earth is
(ATL) the centre of the universe
A) Velocity of moving objects are comparable
to velocity of light 13. Fg, Fe and Fn represent the gravitational,
B) Gravitational field between objects whose electro-magnetic and nuclear forces
masses are greater than the mass of sun. respectively, then arrange them in increasing
1) A is true, B is false 2) A is false, B is true order of their strengths
3) Both A & B are true 4) Both A & B are false 1) Fn, Fe, Fg 2) Fg, Fe, Fn
7. Statement A: Modification of space by a mass 3) Fe, Fg, Fn 4) Fg, Fn, Fe
particle is called gravitational field
(ATL) Gm 1 m 2
14. F is valid
Statement B: Law of gravitation is a r2
consequence of “Action at a distance 1) Between bodies with any shape
concept”. 2) Between particles
1) A is true, B is false 2) A is false, B is true 3) Between any bodies with uniform density
3) Both A & B are true 4) Both A & 4) Between any bodies with same shape
B are false
15. During a journey from earth to the moon and
8. The force responsible for the motion of back, the greatest energy required for the
planets around sun is speceship rocket to overcome
1) gravitational 2) magnetic 1) The earth’s gravity at take-off
3) electrostatic 4) frictional 2) The moon’s gravity at lunar landing
9. The tidal Waves in the sea are primarily due 3) The moon’s gravity at lunar take off
to 4) The force at the point where the pull of the
1) The gravitational effect of the moon on the earth and moon are equal and opposite
earth
2) The atmospheric effect of the earth 16. The torque acting on a planet due to
3) The gravitational effect of the sun on the gravitational force of attraction is
earth 1)  2) 0
4) 2 & 3 3) moderate 4) very high

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17. Intensity of gravitational field inside the 23. As shown in figure, a planet revolves round
hollow spherical shell is the sun in Elliptical orbit with sun at the focus.
1) Variable 2) minimum The shaded areas can be assumed to be equal.
3) maximum 4) zero If t1 and t2 represent the time taken for the
planet to move from A to B and C to D
18. Planets move round the sun due to respectively, then
1) Mutual attraction and repulsion between sun
and planet
2) frictional force
3) centrifugal force
4) gravitational attraction between the sun and
planets 1) t1< t2 2) t1 > t2 3) t1= t2 4) none

Kepler’s Laws : Relation between g & G, variation of ‘g’:

19. As the distance of a planet from the sun 24. Consider the earth to be a homogeneous sphere.
Scientist A goes deep down in a mine and
increases, then the time period of revolution
scientist B goes high up in a balloon. The
of the planet gravitational field measured by
1) increases 1) A goes on decreasing and that by B goes on
2) decreases increasing
3) constant 2)B goes on decreasing and that by A goes on
4) none increasing
3) each goes on decreasing
20. According to Kepler, the period of revolution 4) each remains unchanged
of a planet (T) and its mean distance from
the Sun (R) are related by the equation 25. In order to find time, an astronant orbiting
in an earth satellite should use
1) T 2R3=constant
1) A watch having flat spiral spring
2) T 2R-3 =constant 2) pendulum clock
3) TR 3=constant 3)Neither pendulum clock nor a spiral spring
4) T 2R=constant clock
4)either pendulum clock or a spring clock
21. The earth revolves round the sun in an
elliptical orbit, its speed is 26. A hydrogen balloon released on the moon
1) going on decreasing continuousely 1) climbs up with an acceleration of 6x9.8ms-2
2) greatest when it is closest to the sun
3) greatest when it is farthest from the sun 2) falls down with an acceleration of 9.8x6ms-2
4) constant at all the points on the orbit
3) falls with acceleration of 9.8 ms-2
22. The planet mercury is revolving in an 9.8 -2
Elliptical orbit around the sun as shown in 4) falls with an acceleration of ms
6
the figure. The kinetic energy of mercury will
be greatest at 27. The unit of the quantity g/G in SI will be
1) kgm-2 2) mkg-2
3) m2kg-1 4) kg2 m-1
28. The mass of a body at the centre of the earth
is
1) infinite 2) zero
1) A 2) B 3) same as at other places
3) C 4) D 4) greater at poles

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29. The weight of an object in the coal mine, sea
level and at the top of the mountain are
respectively W1, W2 and W3, then
1) W1 < W2>W3 2) W1=W2=W3
3) W1<W2<W3 4) W1>W2>W3
30. When a body is taken from the equator to
the poles, its weight
1) remains same 2) increases
3) decreases
4) increases at N-pole and decreases at S-pole
31. If the earth shrinks to half of its radius and
mass remains constant, then the weight of an
object on earth will become
1) doubled 2) halved
3) fourtimes 4) same
32. Assuming the earth to be a uniform sphere
of mass M and radium R. which of the
following graphs represents the variation
of acceleration due to gravity with distance
‘r’ from the centre of the earth.
3)
Gravitational Potential & Gravitational P.E:
33. Three particles each of mass ‘m’ are placed
at the corners of an equilateral triangle of
side ‘d’then
 3Gm 2
A) potential energy of the system is
d circular orbit. If the mass of the planet is
B) the workdone on this system if the side of
3Gm 2
the triangle is changed from d to 2d is
d 1) fall on the planet
1) both A and B are correct
2) Both A and B are wrong
3) A is true, B is wrong
4) A is wrong, B is true.
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Satellites, Orbital and escape velocity:
34. A space-ship entering the earths atmosphere
is likely to catch fire, this is due to
1) surface tension of air
2) viscosity of air
3) greater proportional of O2 in the atmosphere
at higher height
4) high temperature of upper atmosphere
35. Two satellites A&B move round the earth in
the same orbit. The mass of B is twice that of
A,then
1) speed of A & B are equal
2) PE of (earth+A) = PE of (earth +B)
3) KE of A& B are equal
4) Total energy of (earth +A) = Total energy
of(earth +B)
36. Two artificial satellites A and B of same mass
are revolving round the earth at heights h1
and h2 in circular orbits. If h2< h1, the satellite
possessing greater KE is
1) A 2) B 3) Both A & B
4) cannot be determined
37 . A satellite appears to be at rest when
seen from the equator of the earth. The
height of the satellite from the surface
of the earth is
1) 36000km 2) 6400km
3) 40000km 4) 1000km
38. If an astronaut comes out of the artificial
satellite, then
1) He flies off tangentially
2) He falls to the earth
3) He performs SHM
4) He continues to move along the satellite in
the same orbit.
39. A satellite launching station should be
1) near the equator region
2) near the polar region
3) on the polar axis 4) on any place
40. A satellite is orbiting at a certain height in a
reduced to half the initial value, then the
satellite would
2) go to the orbit of smaller radius
3) go to the orbit of larger radius
4) escapes from the planet
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41. If a satellite is orbiting in space having air
and no energy is being supplied, then the path
of that satellite would be
1) circular
2) spiral of increases radius
3) spiral of decreasing radius
4) elliptical
42. There is no atmosphere on moon because
1) it is closer to earth
2) it revolves round the earth
3) it gets light from the earth
4) RMS speed of any gas moleculer is greater
than the escape velocity on the surface of the
moon.
43. When a satellite is orbitting round a planet
in circular orbit, workdone by the
gravitational force acting on the satellite
is
1) zero on completing one revolution only
2) zero always
3) infinite 4) negative
44. A satellite in vacuum
1) is kept in orbit by solar energy
2) previous energy from gravitational field
3) is kept in an orbit by remote control
4) does not require any energy for revolving
45. Weightlessness experienced by spaceman in
a space-ship orbiting the earth is the result of
1) inertia 2) acceleration
3) zero gravity 4) surface tension
46. A satellite is revolving around the earth in a
circular orbit with a uniform speed. If the
gravitational force suddenly disappears, then
the satellite will (AIEEE 2002)
1) continue to move in the same orbit with that
speed
2) move tangentially to the orbit with that speed
3) move away from the earth normally to the
orbit 4) fall down on the earth
47. To have an earth satellite synchronous with
the rotation of the earth, it must be launched
at a proper height
1) from west to east in equatorial plane
2) from south to north in equatorial plane
3) from east to west in equatorial plane
4) from north to south in equatorial plane
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GRAVITATION
48. An earth satellite is moving round the earth
in a circular orbit. For such a satellite which
of the following statement is wrong
1) it is a freely falling body
2) it is moving with a constant speed
3) it suffers no acceleration
4) its angular momentum remains constant
49. An artificial satellite orbiting the earth
doesnot falldown, because the earth’s
attraction
1) is balanced by the attraction of the moon
2) produces the necessary acceleration for its
motion in a curved path
3) vanishes at such distances
4) is balanced by viscous drag produced by
the atmosphere.
50. An astronaut orbiting the earth in a circular
orbit 120km above the surface of the earth
gently drops a spoon out of the space-ship. It will
1) fall vertically down to the earth
2) move towards the moon
3) will more in an irregular way and then fall
down to earth
4) move along the space ship
51. A man inside an artificial satellite feels
weightlessness, because the force of
attraction due to earth is
1) zero at that place
2) is balanced by the force of attraction due to
moon
3) is balanced by centrifugal force
4) non-effective due to particular design of
satellite
52. If an orbiting satellite comes to stand still
suddenly
1) The satellite will move along the tangent
2) The satellite will move radially towards the
centre of the orbit
3) The satellite will go outerspace and will be lost
4) The satellite will continue to move in the
same orbit
53. For satellite to appear stationary at a position
1) it must rotate with a period equal to that of
the earth
2) its orbit shoudl be in the equitorial plane
3) it should revolve in the direction in which
the earth is rotating
4) all the above
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54. Two heavenly bodies S 1 and S 2 , not far off 61. The time period of an earth satellite in
from each other are seen to revolve in orbit circular orbit is independent of
1) around their common centre of mass (AIEEE 2004)
2) which are orbitrary 1) The mass of the satellite
3) with S1 fixed and S2 moving rounds S1 2) Neither the mass of the satellite nor the radius
4) with S2 fixed and S1 moving round S2 of its orbit
3) both the mass of the satellite and radius of
55. The period of geostationary artificial satellite
the orbit
of the earth is
4) radius of the orbit
1) 24hr 2) 48hr 3) 12hr 4) zero
Propagation of Gravitational fields, black hole
56. A missile in launched with a velocity less than inertial mass and gravitational mass
the escape velocity. The sum of its kinetic and
potential 62. The ratio of the inertial mass to gravitational
1) Positive 2) negativ 3) zero mass is equal to
1) 0.5 2) 1
4)may be positive or negative depending on
3) 2 4) no fixed number
its initial velocity
63. According to the principle of equivalence, it
57. When a projectile attains the escape velocity,
then on surface of planet its is not possible to distinguish between
1) KE is greater than PE numarically 1) inertial and non-inertial frames of reference
2) PE is greater than KE numerically 2) the gravitational and inertial masses
3) Both PE and KE are numerically equal 3) both 1 & 2 4) none
4) none
64. Gravitational field propagates with a speed
58. An earth satellite is moved from one stable 1) lessthan the speed of light
circular orbit to a farther stable circular 2) equal to the speed of light
orbit. Which one of the following quantities 3) equal to the speed of sound
increases 4) less than speed of sound
1) gravitational force
2) gravitational PE 65. The mass of a white dwarf is
3) linear orbital speed 1) Lessthan 10Ms but more than 1.4MS
4) centripetal acceleration 2) lessthan 1.4Ms
3) morethan 10Ms
59. When a satellite is going round the earth in a 4) lessthan 3Ms but more than 1.4MS
circular orbit of radius ‘r’ and with a velocity
V. If it loses some of the energy, then 66. The density of matter in a whitedwarf stage
(2004 M & 2001 M) is
1) r and v both will increase 1) very high 2) very low
2) r and v both will decrease 3) medium 4) we can’t say
3) r will decrease and v will increase 67. The expression for the schwarz child’s radius is
4) r will increase and v will decrease 2G 2MC 2
1) 2)
60. Orbital velocity of a satellite revolving in a MC 2 G
circular path close to the planet 2C 2 2GM
1) is directly propotional to the density of the 3) 4)
GM C2
planet
68. Degenerate electron pressure temporarily
2) is directly propotional to the square root of
density of the planet halts core collapse in (ATL)
3) is directly propotional to the square of 1) Red giant stage
density of planet 2) white dwarf stage
4) is inversely proportional to the square root 3) Super nova stage
of density of planet 4) Neutron star stage

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69. ‘White dwarf’ stage (ATL) 75. According to size, identify the correct
1) contains all the mass of original star decreasing order in
1th a) original star
but size becomes of original star b) red giant c) white dwarf
106
2) contains more than the mass of original star 1) a,b,c, 2) b,c,a
but its layer expand 3) c,a,b 4) b,a,c
3) contains lass mass than the original star but 76. Give the correct order of formation of black
its layers expand holes
4) contains less mass than the original star but a) Red gaint stage b) Neutron star
1th c) Whit dwarf stage
size becomes of original star
106 1) a,b,c 2) a,c,b
70. Electrons are forced to occupy higher energy 3) c,a,b 4) b,c,a
levels in the stage of (ATL) Matching type Questions
1) Red giant 2) white dwarf 77. Match the items in List-I with those in
3) neutron star 4) black hole List-I List-II
71. A ‘star’ may reach black hole stage, if its mass a) Universal gravitational e) Central force
is more than (ATL) constant
1) 1.4times the mass of sun b) Gravitational force f) Scalar
c) ‘g’ at equator g) does not change
2) 3 times the mass of sun
If earth stops
3) 5 times the mass of sun
rotating
4) 10times the mass of sun d) ‘g’ at poles h) increases by
72. An explosive shock wave in supernova is R  2 if earth
due to (ATL) stops rotating
1) Repulsive force between nuclii overcomes 1) a-f, b-e, c-h, d-g 2) a-f, b-g, c-h, d-e
gravity 3) a-h, b-e, c-h, d-g 4) a-g, b-e, c-h, d-f
2) Gravity overcomes the repulsive force 78. Match list I with list II
between nuclii List-I List-II
3) Magnetic force overcomes gravitational a) White dwarf e) 1.4times solar mass
force b) Nuetron star f) mass of star must be
4) gravitational force overcomes magnetic force greater than 10times
the solar mass
73. According to Einstein (ATL) c) Black holes g) Mass of the star must
1) only the laws of mechanics will be the same be less than10times
in every inertial frame solar mass
2) all the laws of physics will be the same in d) Chandra Sekhar h) Mass of remaining
every inertial frame limit star is greater than
3) only the laws of mechanics will be the same 3 solar masses
in every non-inertial frame 1) a-h, b-e, c-h, d-g 2) a-f, b-g, c-h, d-e
4) all the laws of physics will be same in every 3) a-g, b-f, c-h, d-e 4) a-g, b-e, c-h, d-f
non-inertial frame More than one option type Questions
74. The weight of a body (W) is measured using 79. In which of the following cases the planet will
W have same value of ‘g’ as that of the value on
a spring balance, then the ratio gives the earth
g a) with mass double to that of earth and
(ATL) radius 2 times that of earth
1) Inertial mass 2) gravitational mass b) with mass fourtimes that of earth and
3) non-inertial mass 4) relativistic mass radius 2 times that of earth

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c) with mass one fourth that of the earth and 84. The magnitudes of the gravitational fields at
radius half that of earth distances r 1 and r 2 from the centre of a
d) with mass twice that of earth and radius uniform sphere of radius R and mass M are
1/3 that of earth F1 and F2 respectively then
1) a and b only 2) a and c only F1 r1
3) b and c only 4) b and d only a) 
F2 r2 if r1<R and r2<R
80. Which of the following is true for a satellite 2

in a circular orbit
F1  r2 
b)    if r >R and r >R
a) it is a freely falling body F2  r1  1 2

b) its speed is constant

c) it suffers no acceleration F1 r1
c) 
d) it does not require energy for motion in F2 r2 if r1>R and r2>R
the orbit 2
1) a, b and c 2) a, b and d F1  r1 
3) a and b 4) a,b,c and d d)    if r <R and r <R
F2  r2  1 2

81. With usual notation, the time period of 1) only a and b are true
rotation of a satellite orbiting close to the 2) only b anc c are true
surface of earth
3) only a,b and d are true 4) all are true
R 85. Suppose universal gravitational constant
a) T  2 b) 84.6minutes
g starts to decrease, then
a) length of the year will increase
R3 GM b) earth will follow a spiral path of decreasing
c) T  2 d) T  2
GM R order
1) a is only correct 2) a & b are correct c) kinetic energy of earth will decrease
3) a,b & c are correct 4) a,b & d are correct 1) only a and b are true
2) only a and c are true
82. When a satellite is lifted from a lower orbit 3) only b and c are true
to a heigher orbit 4) all are true
a) Gravitational potential energy increases
86. A satellite is revolving round the earth in an
b) KE increses
elliptical orbit, then
c) Gravitational PE decreases
a) gravitational force exerted by the
d) KE increases
earth is equal to centripetal force at same
1) a is only correct point only
2) a & d are correct b) power associated with gravitational force
3) a and c are correct is zero at every point
4) a & b are correct c) workdone by gravitational force is zero in
83. When a planet moves around the sun some small parts of the orbit
d) at some points, the magnitude of
a) Its angular momentum remains constant
gravitational force is greater than that of
b) its moves faster when it is near to the sun
centripetal force
c) its total energy increases when it goes near 1) only a and b are true 2) only b&c are true
to the sun 3) only a,b & d are true 4) only a,c,d are true
d) its potential energy decreases when it goes
87. In case of an orbiting satellite, if the radius
near to the sun of orbit is decreased, then
1) only a&b are true a) its KE decreases b) its PE decreases
2) only b&c are true c) its mechanical energy decreases
3) only a,b & d are true 1) only a & b are true 2) only b & c are true
4) all are true 3) only a & c are true 4) all a, b & c are true

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88. Let V,T,L,K and r denote the speed, time 92. Two spherical planets have the same mass
period, angular momentum, kinetic energy but densities in the ratio 1:8. For these planets,
and radius of satellite in circular orbit, then the
a) V  r 1 b) L  r 1 2 a) acceleration due to gravity will be in the
3
c) T  r 2 d) K  r 2 ratio 4:1
1) only a & b are true b) acceleration due to gravity will be in the
2) only b & c are true ratio 1:4
c) escape velocities from their surfaces will
3) only a, b & d are true
4) only a, b & c are true be in the ratio 2 :1
d) escape velocities from their surfaces will
89. Assume that earth is a spherical planet of be in the ratio 1: 2
uniform density  , radius Re, mass Me and 1) only b&d are true 2) only b&c are true
acceleration due to gravity g. Then the 3) only a,c&d are true4) only a&b are true
gravitational constant G can be written as 93. Below are four equations expressing
3g gRe2 3g 12 g relationships between physical qualities. ‘g’
a) 4R b) c) 2 d)
e Me 4Re 4Re gravitational field strengths, r radius,  a
1) only a& b are true density, G the universal constant of
2) only b& c are true gravitation, m a mass and T a time period.
3) only a, b & d are true Which of the equations are true.
4) only a& d are true 4
a) gT2=4  r 2 b) Gr 2 = g
90. The acceleration due to gravity on moon is 3
only one sixth that on earth. Ratio of moon 4
c) gr 2  Gm d) g  Gr
radius (Rm) to earth’s radius (Re) should be: 3
1) only a&b are true 2) only b & c are true
6 3) only c&d are true 4) only a,b & c are true
a) if both are assumed to have same
1 94. An orbiting satellit.e will escape if
density
a) its speed increases by 41.4%
1
b) if both are assumed to have same b) its speed in the orbit is made 1.414 times
6
density that of its initial value
5 e c) its kinetic energy increases by 100%
c) if
18  m is given as 5/3 d) its kinetic energy is made 2 times that
m of its initial value
d) 9 5 if
 e is given as 3/5 1) only a & b are correct
2) only a & c are correct
1) only a & b are true 2) only b & c are true
3) only b & c are correct 4) only c is correct
3) only a, b & d are true 4) all are true
91. If a body is projected with speed less than Assersion and Reason type Qestions
escape velocity, then The question constist of two statements each
a) the body can reach a certain height and printed as Assertion and Reason. While
may fall down following straight line path answering these questions you are required
to choose any one of the following four
b) the body can reach a certain height and
responses.
may fall down following a parabolic path 1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
c) the body may orbit the earth in a circular path correct explanation of (A)
d) the body may orbit the earth in an elliptical 2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the
path. correct explanation of (A)
1) only a & b are true 2) only b & c are true 3) (A) is true but (R) is false
3) only a,b & d are true 4) all a,b,c & d are true 4) (A) is false but (R) is true

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95. A: Escape velocity from the surface of a black 104. A: When a body is projected from the
hole is greater than speed of light surface of the earth with a velocity greater
R: Light cannot escape from black hole than the escape velocity, its total mechanical
energy is negative.
96. A: White dwarf is relatively a dim star R: The body is not under the influence of the
R: Hydrogen available is completely earth
exhausted
105. A: The bodies in the satellites revolving
97. A: The gravitational mass and inertial mass round the earth are in the state of
are equal weightlessness
R: Physical laws are equivalent in an R: The net acceleration due to gravity due
appropriately accelerated frame of reference to the earth is zero in the satellite
and in an inertial frame
106. A: There is no atmosphere on the moon
98. A: Two satellite of masses 100kg and 4000kg surface
are orbiting in the same orbit with orbital R: RMS speed of the gas molecules is greater
velocities in the ratio 1:2 than the escape velocity on moon
R: Orbital velocity is independent of the mass
of satellite 107. A: Spaceship while entering atmosphere
catches fire
99. A: A body is first taken along a smooth R: The temperature of upper atmosphere is
inclined plane through certain height. In very high
the next case it is lifted vertically
108. A: Two point masses freely positioned at rest
upwards to same height, workdone by
move under mutual gravitational force of
gravity in both cases is same
attraction. Velocity of C.M. of the system is
R: Gravitational force is conservative force
zero at any instant.
100. A: For a satellite to escape from its orbit, its R: Gravitational force of attraction is an
velocity should be increased by 41.4% internal force of the system
R: Orbital velocity and escape velocity are 109. A: An object would be black hole of all of its
related as Ve= 2 v0 . mass in inside a sphere with a radius equal
101. A: Inertial and gravitational masses differ to schwarz child radius.
when the speed of the particle (u) is R: At the schwarzchild radius, escape
comparable to the speed of light (c) velocity is equal to the speed of light
R: Gravitational mass is measured when the 110. A: A particle of mass ‘m’ dropped into a hole
body is at rest and inertial mass is measured made along the diameter of the earth from
when the body is in motion. Relativistic one end to the other and possesses simple
variation of mass is significant when ‘u’is harmonic motion. (2006 E)
comparable to C. R: Gravitational force between any two
102. A: The length of year on the planet pluto is particles is inversely proportional to the
much longer than of the earth square of the distance between them
R: Pluto is much farther from the sun than
ANSWERS
the earth
103. A: When a body is dropped in a tunnel dug 1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 4 5) 4
along the diameter of the earth, it executes
simple hormonic motion. 6) 3 7) 3 8) 1 9) 1 10) 3
R: At any position, magnitude of 11) 2 12) 4 13) 2 14) 1 15) 1
Gravitational force experienced by the body
is directly proportional to the displacement 16) 2 17) 4 18) 4 19) 1 20) 2
of the body as measured from centre of the 21) 2 22) 2 23) 3 24) 3 25) 1
earth

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3. The gravitational force between two bodies
26) 4 27) 1 28) 3 29) 1 30) 2
is F. If the mass of each body is doubled and
31) 3 32) 2 33) 3 34) 2 35) 1 the distance between them is halved, then the
force between them will be
36) 2 37) 1 38) 4 39) 1 40) 4
4F 9F
41) 3 42) 4 43) 2 44) 4 45) 2 1) 2) 3) 16F 4) F 16
9 4
46) 2 47) 1 48) 3 49) 2 50) 4 *4. When two bodies are saparated by certain
distance ,the gravitational force between then
51) 3 52) 2 53) 4 54) 1 55) 1
is F. If distance is increased by 100%,then
56) 2 57) 3 58) 2 59) 3 60) 2 gravitational force becomes --
F F
61) 1 62) 2 63) 3 64) 2 65) 2 1) 2) 4F 3) 4)2F
4 2
66) 1 67) 4 68) 2 69) 4 70) 2
5. An infinite number of particles each of mass
71) 4 72) 1 73) 2 74) 2 75) 4 1kg are placed on the positive x-axis at 1m,
76) 2 77) 1 78) 3 79) 2 80) 4 2m, 4m, 8m…. from the origin. The
magnitude of the resultant gravitational
81) 3 82) 4 83) 3 84) 1 85) 2 force on 1kg mass kept at the origin is
86) 4 87) 2 88) 2 89) 1 90) 2 3G 4G
1) 0 2) G 3) 4)
91) 4 92) 1 93) 3 94) 2 95) 1 4 3
*6 Three equal masses m are placed at the three
96) 1 97) 1 98) 4 99) 1 100) 2 vertices of an equilateral triangle of side a.The
101) 1 102) 1 103) 1 104) 4 105) 1 gravitational force exerted by this system on
106) 1 107) 3 108) 1 109) 1 110) 2 another particle of mass m placed at the mid-
point of a side
Gm 2 4Gm 2 Gm2 Gm2
1) 2 2) 3) 2 4) 2
EXERCISE - IIA 3a 3a 2 a 3a
(CLASS WORK) 7. Two metal spheres of same material and
radius ‘r’ are in contact with each other. The
Newton’s Universal law of Gravitation & gravitational force of attraction between the
Gravitational Intensity : spheres is given by (k in a constant).
1. You are given total mass M. How do you 1) F=kr4 2) F = k/r2 3) F= k/4r2 4) F = kr2
divide it into two parts so that the *8. Three uniform spheres each having mass ‘m’
and radius ‘R’ kept in such a way that each
gravitational force between them at a given
two touches the other. The magnitude of the
distance is maximum gravitational force on any sphere, due to the
other two is
M 3M M 2M
1) , 2) , Gm 2 Gm 2
4 4 3 3 1) 3 2)
4R 2 4R 2
M 4M M M 3Gm Gm
3) , 4) , 3) 4) 3 2
5 5 2 2 2R 2 R
9. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 are
2. Two spherical balls each of mass 1 kg are 
separated by certain distance. If F is the
placed 1 cm apart. The gravitational force of  12
force on m1 due to m2 and F is the force on
21
attraction between them - newtons m2 due to m1, then
 
1) 6.67  109 2) 6.67  107 1) F12=F21 2) F  F
12 21
3) 6.67  108 4) 6.67  105 
3) F   F

4) both 1& 3
12 21

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10. Two spheres of masses m and M are situated 16. A and B are two satellites revolving round
in air and the gravitational force between the earth in circular orbits have time periods
them is F. The space around the masses is now 8hr and 1hr respectively. The ratio of their
filled with a liquid of specific gravity 3. The radius of orbits
gravitational force will now be 1) 83/2 :1 2) 8:1 3) 4:1 4) 2:1
1) F/9 2) 3F 3) F 4) F/3
17. The period of revolution of a surface satellite
 11. Three spherical balls of masses 1 kg, 2kg around a planet of radius R is T. The period
and 3 kg are placed at the corners of an of another satellite around the same planet
equilateral triangle of side 1 m.. The magnitude in an orbit of radius 3R is
of the gravitational force exerted by 2 kg and 1) T 2) 3T 3) 9T 4) 3 3 T
3 kg masses on 1 kg mass. 18. If a planet of mass ‘m’ is revolving around
1) 19 G 2) 17G the sun in a circular orbit of radius ‘r’ with
G time period T, then the mass of the sun is
3) 19G 4)
17 4 2 r 3 4 2 r 3
1) 2)
12. Two particles each of mass ‘m’ move in a GT GT 2
circle of radius ‘r’ under the action of their
mutual gravitational attraction. Then speed 4 2 r 4 2 r 3
3) 4)
of each particle is GT G 2T 2
Gm Gm Gm 2Gm 19. In a planetary motion the areal velocity of a
1) 2) 3) 4) position vector of a planet depends on angular
r 4r 2r r
velocity ‘w’ and distance of the planet from
*13 Two spherical balls of mass 1 kg and 4 kg are the sun (r). If so the correct relation for areal
separated by a distance of 12 cm. Thedistance velocity
from 1 kg at which the gravitational force on
dA dA
any mass becomes zero. 1)  r 2)   2r
dt dt
1) 4 cm 2) 12 cm 3) 6 cm 4) 8 cm
dA dA
14. Mass of the earth is 81 times that of the moon. 3)  r 2 4)  r
dt dt
If the distance between their centers is d, then
20. The distances of two planets from the sun are
the point on the line joining their centers at
1012 m and 1010 m respectively. The ratio of
which the gravitational field due to them is
the time periods of these planets is
zero is
1) 1000:1 2) 100:1 3) 10:1 4) 1:1
d
1) from the center of moon 21. Taking that earth revolves round the sun in
10
d circular orbit of radius 15 x 1010m with a time
2) from the center of earth period of 1year. The time taken by another
10
planet which is at a distance of 540 x 1010m,
9d
3) from the center of moon to revolve round the sun in circular orbit
10 once will be (99E)
d
4) from each other 1) 216years 2) 144years
2 3) 72years 4) 36years
Kepler’s laws :
15. A planet revolves round the sun in an 22. A satellite is launched into circular orbit of
elliptical orbit of minor and major axes x and radius R around the earth while a second
y respectively. Then the time period of satellite is launched into an orbit of Radius
revolution is proportional to 1.02R. The percentage change in the time
1) (x+y)3/2 2) (y-x)3/2 periods of the two satellite is (2003 E)
3) x3/2 4) y3/2 1) 0.7 2) 1.0 3) 1.5 4) 3

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23. Two satellites of masses m1 and m2 (m1 > m2 ) 29. Weight of a body on the surfaces of two
are revolving the earth in circular orbits of planets is the same. If their densities are d1
radius r1 and r2 (r1 > r2) respectively. Which and d2, then the ratio of their radius
of the following statement is true regarding d1 d2 d12 d 22
their velocities v1 and v2 . 1) 2) 3) 2 4) 2
d2 d1 d2 d1
1) v1 = v2 2) v1<v2
30. The radius of the earth is about 6400km and
v1 v2
3) v1>v2 4)  that of mars is about 3200km. The mass of
r1 r2 the earth is about 10 times that of mars. If
an object weighs 200 N on the surface of
24. Let ‘A’ be the area swept by the line joining
earth its weight on the surface of mars would
the earth and the sun during Feb 2008. The
be
area swept by the same line during the first
week of that month is 1) 40N 2) 80N 3) 8N 4) 20N
7A 7A 31. Average density of earth is (AIEEE 2006)
1) A/4 2) 3) A 4)
29 30 1) is directly proportional to g
Relation between g & G : 2) is inversely proportional to g
25. A spherical planet far out in space has a mass 3) is complex function of g
M0 and diameter D0. A particle of mass ‘m’ 4) does not depend on g
falling freely near the surface of this planet
Variation of ‘g’ with altitude, depth and speed
will experience an acceleration due to gravity
which is equal to of rotation of earth.
GM 0 GM 0 32. The value of acceleration due to gravity on
1) 2) 4m the surface of earth is x. At alttitude of ‘h’
D02 D02
from the surface of earth, its value is y. If ‘R’
GM 0 GmM 0
3) 4 4) is the radius of earth, then the value of h is
D02 D02
 x   y 
26. g e and g p denote the acceleration due to 1)  1 R 2)  1 R
 y   x 
gravity on the surface of earth and another
planet whose mass and radius are twice that y x
of the earth, then 3) R 4) R
x y
1) gp =ge 2) gp=
ge 33. If the change in the value of g at a height h
2 above the surface of the earth is same as at
3) gp =2ge 4) gp =ge depth ‘x’ below the surface of the earth, then
27. Mass of the moon is 1/81 of the earth but (h<<R)
gravitational pull is 1/6 of the earth. It is due
1) x = h 2) x = 2h
to the fact that
h
1) Radius of the moon is 81/6 of the earth 3) x = 4) x = h2
2
81
2) Radius of the Earth is of the moon 34. The alttitude at which the weight of a body is
6 only 64% of its weight on the surface of the
3) Moon is the satellite of the earth
earth is (Radius of the earth is 6400km)
4) none
1) 1600m 2) 16m 3) 160km 4) 1600km
28. A body weighs 700gm on the surface of the
*35At a certain height above the earth’s surface, the
earth. How much will it weigh on the surface
gravitational acceleration is 4% of its value at
of a planet whose mass is 1/7 and radius half
the surface of the earth. Find the height.
of the earth
1) 200gm wt 2) 400 gm wt (R is the surface of the earth )
3) 500gm wt 4) 300gm wt 1) 2R 2) 4R 3) R 4) R/2

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*36. The acceleration due to gravity at a depth of 1 Satellites, Orbitel and escape velocities :
600 km inside the earth. 44. A satellite is revolving very close to a planet
1) 0 2) 9.8 m/s2 of density D. The time period of revolution
3) 7 m/s2 4) 7.35 m/s2 of that planet is
3/ 2
37. If R is radius of the earth, the height above 3  3 
the surface of the earth where the weight of 1) 2)  
DG  DG 
a body is 36% less than its weight on the
surface of the earth is 3 3G
3) 4)
1) 4R/5 2) R/5 3) R/6 4) R/4 2 DG D
* 38 The angular velocity of the earth with which it * 45 A satellite orbits the earth at a height of R/6,
has to rotate so that the acceleration due to its orbital speed ?
gravity on 600 latitude becomes zero.
2GM GM GM 6GM
gp gp gp gp 1) 2) 3) 4)
1) 3 2) 4 3) 4) 2 R R 7R 7R
R R R R
46. A satellite is in a circular orbit around a
39. The angular velocity of the earth about its planet. Its period of revolution is T, radius
polar axis so that the weight of the body at of the orbit is R, orbital velocity V and
the equator will be zero is acceleration ‘a’, then
1) 1.25 x 10-3 rad s-1 2) 2 rad s-1
3) 1 rad s-1 4) 0 V2 2R
1) V = at and a = 2) V = and V = a T
Gravitational potential and Gravitational R T
Potential Energy : 2R V2 1 2
40. The amount of work done in lifting a body of 3) V = and a = 4) V = aT
T R 2
mass ‘m’ from the surface of the earth to a
height equal to twice the radius of the earth is 47. A satellite is revolving near the earth’s
2GMm 3GMm surface. Its orbital velocity depends on its
1) 2) mass‘m’ as
3R 2R
5GMm 3GMm 1) m0 2) m 3) m2 4) m3
3) 4)
3R 5R 48. The escape velocity of a body from the
*41. Find the PE of three objects of masses 1 kg, 2 surface of the earth is nearly
kg and 3 kg placed at the three vertices of 1) 7.98kms-1 2) 8.92kms-1
anequilateral triangle of side 20 cm. 3) 10.48kms -1 4) 11.2kms-1
1) 50J 2)  55J 3) 5J 4) 60J
49. A satellite is revolving in a circular orbit of
42. The magnitude of gravitational potential energy
of a body at a distance ‘r’ from the center of radius R. Ratio of KE and its PE is (only
the earth is V. Its weight at a distance ‘2r’ from magnitude)
the center of the earth is 1) 1:4 2) 2:1 3) 3:2 4) 1:2
V V V 4V 50. The PE of a satellite is –U. Its KE is
1) 2) 3) 4)
r 4r 2r r 1) U 2) 2U 3) -U 4) U/2
43. A particle of mass 10g is kept on the surface
51. If the mass of the earth is M, its radius is R
of a uniform sphere of mass 100kg and radius
and gravitational constant G, then the speed
10cm. Find the work to be done against the
required to be given to a projectile so that it
gravitational force between them to take the
does not return to earth is
particle far away from the sphere is (G=6.67x
10-11 Nm2 kg-2 ) (AIEEE 2005) GM 2GM GR
1) 6.67 x 10-10J 2) 6.67 x 10-9 J 1) 2) 3) 4) GRM
R R M
3) 3.33 x 10-10J 4) 13.34 x 10 -10J

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* 52 A satellite is revolving in a circular orbit round *58. The mass of a planet is half that of the earth
the earth at a height of h. If the acceleration and the Radius of planet is one fourth that of
due to gravity at that height is g. The orbital the earth. If we plan to send an artificial
speed of the satell ite. satellite from the planet, the escape velocity
will be nearly (Ve of earth is 11kms-1 )
1) gh 2) 2gh 1) 11kms-1 2) 5.5kms-1
3) 15.5kms-1 4) 7.7kms-1
3) g ( R  h) 4) gR
59. The escape velocities on the surface of two
53. The relation between the escape velocity planets of masses m1 and m2 and having same
ve and orbital velocity v0 is given by radius are v1 and v2 respectively. Then
1) Ve  2V0 2) V0  2Ve v1 m1 v2 m1
1)  2) 
v2 m2 v1 m2
3) Ve  2V0 4) V e=V0
2
v1 m2 v1  m1 
*54 The ratio of the time periods of two satellites at 3)  4)  
v2 m1 v2  m2 
heights h1 , h2 from the surface of the earth.
3/2 3/ 2
 h1   R  h1  60. If the escape velocity on earth is
1)  2)  11.2kms -1 , its value for a planet having
 h2   R  h2  double the radius and 8 times the mass of the
3/ 2 3/2 earth is
 R  h2   h2  1) 10.2kms-1 2) 22.4kms-1
3)  4  3) 10kms-1 4) 0
 R  h1   h1 
61. The radius in kilometers to which the present
55. The KE required to project a body of mass radius of the earth (R=6400 km) is to be
‘m’ from the earth’s surface to infinity is compressed so that the escape velocity is
(AIEEE 2002) increases to ten times is (2003M)
mgR 1) 6.4 2) 64 3) 640 4) 4800
1) mgR/4 2)
2
3) mgR 4) 2mgR Black hole :
56. A spaceship is launched into a circular 62. The expression for the Schwarz child radius
orbit of radius R close to the surface of the around a mass ‘M’ is (C  is the velocity of
earth. The additional velocity to be imparted light)
to the spaceship in the orbit to overcome the 2G 2MC 2 2C 2 2GM
1) 2) 3) 4)
earth’s gravitational pull is (g  acceleration MC 2 G GM C2
due to gravity) 63. For the formation of black hole, the initial
1) 1.414Rg 2) 1.414 gR mass of original star should be graterthan n
times the solar mass, the value of n is
3) 0.414Rg 4) 0.414 gR (2006M)
1) 2 2) 6 3) 8 4) 10
57. The escape velocity for a body projected
vertically upwards from the surface of earth ANSWERS
is 11kms-1 . If the same body is projected at
an angle of 450 with the vertical, the escape 1) 4 2) 2 3) 3 4) 1 5) 4
velocity will be (AIEEE 2003)
6) 2 7) 1 8) 1 9) 4 10) 3
1) 11 2 kms-1 2) 22kms-1
11) 3 12) 2 13) 1 14) 1 15) 4
11
3) 11kms-1 4) 2 kms
-1
16) 3 17) 4 18) 2 19) 3 20) 1

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21) 1 22) 4 23) 2 24) 2 25) 3 *6 Three equal masses m are placed at the three
vertices of an equilateral triangle of side a.The
26) 2 27) 2 28) 2 29) 2 30) 2 gravitational force exerted by this system on
31) 4 32) 1 33) 2 34) 4 35) 2 another particle of mass m placed at the
centroid of triangle
36) 4 37) 4 38) 4 39) 1 40) 1
Gm 2 Gm 2 Gm2
41) 2 42) 2 43) 1 44) 1 45) 4 1) 2) 3) 2 4) 0
3a 2 a2 a
46) 3 47) 1 48) 4 49) 4 50) 4 7. When two identical spheres are kept in
51) 2 52) 3 53) 1 54) 2 55) 3 contact, the gravitational force between them
is F. If two spheres of same material but with
56) 4 57) 3 58) 3 59) 1 60) 2 twice the radius are radius are kept in
61) 2 62) 4 63) 4 contact, then the gravitational force between
them would be
EXERCISE-IIB 1) F/4 2) 4F 3) F/16 4) 16F
(HOME WORK) 8. Three uniform spheres each of mass ‘m’ and
Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation and diameter D are kept in such a way that each
touches the other two, then the magnitude of
Gravitational Intensity : the gravitational force on any one sphere due
1. Mass 1 kg is divided into two parts ‘x’ m and to other two is
(1-x) m for a given seperation, the value of‘x’
3Gm 2 2 3Gm 2
for which the gravitational attraction between 1) 2)
the two pieces becomes maximum is (2001 E) D2 D2
1) 1/2 2) 3/5 3) 1 4) 2 3Gm 2 Gm 2
3) 4) 3
*2. The mass of a ball is four times the mass of
4D2 D2
another ball. When these balls are separated 9. Gravitational force between masses m1 and
by a distance of 10 cm, the gravitational force m2 is F. If a third mass m3 is placed near m1
between them is 6.67 x 10-7N. Then the mass of and m2 , then the force between m1 and m2
the each ball in Kg is would be
1) 0.5 , 2 2) 50 , 20 1) Greaterthan F 2) Less than F
3) 2 , 5 4) 5 , 20 3) Equal to F 4) Zero
3. If the distance between the earth and moon 10. The gravitational force between two particles
were doubled, then the gravitational force of masses m1 and m2 seperated by certain
between them will be distance in air medium is F. If they are taken
to vaccum and seperated by the same
1) Halved 2) Doubled
distance, then the gravitational force between
3) Quadrupled 4) Reduced to 1/4 th
them will be
*4. The force between two objects decreases by 1) greater than F 2) Less than F
36% when the distance between them is 3) F 4) Zero
increasedby 4 m. The original distance between
11. Three objects each of mass ‘m’ are placed at
them in meter is
the corners of an equilateral triangle of side
1) 4 2) 16 3)10 4) 12 ‘l’. What is the gravitational force acting on
5. Two particles of masses 4kg and 8kg are kept each mass due to other masses is
at x=-2m and x=4m respectively. Then the Gm 2 3Gm 2
1) 2 2)
net gravitational force acting on a third 3l 2l 2
particle of mass 1kg kept at the origin is 3Gm 2 Gm 2
3) 4)
1) G 2) 2G 3) G/2 4) G/4 l2 l2

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12. Two particles each of mass m seperated by a 20. The distance of Neptune and Saturn from the
distance d and move in a uniform circle under sun are respectively 1013 and 1012 metres and
the action of their mutual force of their periodic times are respectively T N and
attraction.The speed of each particle is TS. If their orbits are assumed to be circular,
then the value of TN/TS.
Gm Gm Gm 2Gm
1) 2) 3) 4) 1
d 4d 2d d 1) 100 2) 10 10 3) 4) 10
10 10
13. Masses 1kg and 4kg are 6cm apart. The Point
along the line joining the masses where the 21. The time period of revolution of a planet A
gravitational field due to them is zero is around the sun is 8 times that of another
1) 2cm from 1kg mass planet B. The distance of planet A from the
2) 2cm from 4kg mass sun is how many times greater than that of
3) 4cm from 1kg mass the planet B from the sun
4) 3cm from each mass (AIEEE 2002)
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5
1 th
14. The mass of a planet is of the mass of 22. Which of the following graph represents the
25
motion of a satellite revolving about a planet
the earth. The distance between the planet
(T is period of revolution and R is radius of
and the earth is 6x10 8 m. At what distance
orbit)
from the earth, the gravity becomes zero
1) 1x108 m 2) 0.32 x 10 8 m
8
3) 5 x10 m 4) 0.032 x 10 8 m
Kepler’s Laws :
15. The period T and mean distance R of a planet
from the sun are related by
1) T 2  R 2 2) T  R 3
3) T  R
3 2 4) T 2 3  R
16. The ratio of the distance of two planets from
the sun is 1:2. The ratio of their periods of
revolution is
1) 1:4 2) 1: 2 3) 1:2 4) 1:2 2

17. The period of a satellite in circular orbit of 23. The earth moves round the sun in an elliptical
radius R is T. The period of an other satellite orbit. O is the focus of ellipse and A &B are
in a circular orbit of radius 4R is OA
1) 4T 2) T/4 3) 8T 4) T/8 two points in the path such that  K The
OB
18. If a planet of radius R and density D is ratio of the speed of the earth at B and at A is
revolving around the sun in a circular orbit nearly
of radius r with time period T, then the mass 1) 2) K 3) K2 4) K3/2
K
of the sun is
24. Let A be the Area Swept by the line joining
4 2 r 3 4 2 r 3 4 2 r 4 2 r 3 the earth and the sun during Feb-2007. The
1) 2) 3) 4)
GT GT 2 GT G 2T 2 Area Swept by the same line during the first
week of that month is
19. If ‘A’ is the A real velocity of a planet of mass
M, its angular momentum is 7A 7A
1) M/A 2) 2MA 3) A2M 4) AM2 1) A/4 2) 3) A 4)
29 30

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Relation between g & G : Variation of 'g' with altitude, depth and

25. If R is the radius of the earth and ‘g’ the Speed of Rotation of earth :
acceleration due to gravity, the mass of the 32. If the radius of the earth is 6400 km, the height
earth is above the surface of the earth, where the value
gR 2 gG GR 2 of acceleration due to gravity will be 1% of its
1) 2) 2 3) 4) GgR 2 value from the surface of the earth is
G R g
1) 6400km 2) 64km
26. The value of acceleration due to gravity ‘gp’
3) 711km 4) 57600km
on the surface of a planet with radius double
that of earth and same mean density as that 33. The change in the value of ‘g’ at a height ‘h’
of the earth is above the surface of the earth is the same as
(g e  acceleration due to gravity on the at a depth ‘d’ below the surface of the earth.
surface of earth) When both d & h are very much smaller than
1) gp =2ge 2) gp=ge/2 the radius of the earth, then which one of the
3) rp=ge/4 4) gp =4ge following is correct (AIEEE 2005)
3h h
27. The radius and acceleration due to gravity of 1) d=h 2) d=2h 3) d= 4) d=
1 1 2 2
moon are and that of earth. The ratio of
4 5 *34. If R is the radius of earth, the height at which
the mass of earth to mass of moon is 1
1) 1:80 2) 80:1 3) 1:20 4) 20:1 the weight of a body becomes th its weight
4
on the surface of the earth is
28. A man weighs 75kg on the surface of the
1) 2R 2) R 3) R/2 4) R/4
earth. His weight on a geostationary satellite
is *35. Find the depth at which g becomes 4%
75 lessthan value at surface
1) infinity 2) 150kg 3) zero 4) kg 1) 0.2 R 2) 0.04 R
2
29. Two planets of radii r1 and r2 are made from 3) 0.3 R 4) 0.03 R
the same material. The ratio of the 36. If the radius of the earth is 6400km, the depth
acceleration due to gravities at the surface at which the acceleration due to gravity will
of the two planets is be 5% less than the value on the surface of
2 2
r1 r2  r1   r2  the earth is
1) 2) 3)   4)   1) 320km 2) 2.0km 3) 480km 4) 500km
r2 r1  r2   r1 
37. A man weighs 60kg on the surface of the
30. R and r are the radii of the earth and moon earth. The altitude where his weight will be
respectively.  e and  m are the densities of 30kg is (R is the radius of the earth)
earth and moon respectively. The ratio of the
1) h= 2 R 2) h=2R
accelerations due to gravity on the surfaces
of earth to moon is R
3) h= 4) h=( 2 -1)R
R e r e 2
1) 2) 38. The acceleration due to gravity at the poles
r m R m
is 10ms-2 and equitorial radius is 6400km for
r m r m the earth. Then the angular velocity of
3) 4)
R e R e rotation of the earth about its axis so that
the weight of a body at the equator reduces
31. If the Radius of earth were shrink by 10% to 75% is
its mass remaining same, the acceleration due 1 1
to gravity on earth’s surface would 1) rads 1 2) rads 1
1600 800
1) decrease 2) remain unchanged 1 1
3) increase 4) none 3) rads 1 4) rads 1
400 200

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Gravitational potential and Gravitational 47. A satellite is revolving near the earth’s
potential energy : surface. Its orbital velocity is nearly (98E)
1) 5.8kms-1 2) 18.4kms-1
*39. If ‘g’ is acceleration due to gravity on the 3) 11.4kms -1
4) 8kms-1
earth’s surface, then the gain in PE of an
object of mass ‘m’ raised from the surface of 48. An artificial satellite moving in a circular
the earth to a height equal to the radius R of orbit around the earth has a total energy E0
the earth is (PE+KE) its potential energy is
mgR mgR 3
1) 2) 2mgR 3) mgR 4) 1) E0 2) E 3) 2E0 4) E0
2 4 2 0
40 The gravitational potential at centre of earth is 49. The K.E. of a satellite is 2MJ. Its total energy is
2GM 3GM 3GM GM 1) -0.5MJ 2) -2MJ 3) -1MJ 4) -4MJ
1)  2)  3) 4)  50. The escape velocity of a projectile from the
R 2R 2R 2R
earth’s surface is given by the formula
41. If the gravitational force has varied as r -5/2
(R  radius of the earth and ‘g’ is
instead r-2 , then the P.E. of a particle at a
acceleration due to gravity)
distance ‘r’ from the earth would be
g gR
propostional to 1) 2gR 2) gR 3) 4)
1) r-1 2) r-2 3) r-3/2 4) r-5/2 R 2
51. The Ratio of the escape velocity to the orbital
42. Two particles each of mass 1kg are seperated
velocity of a surface satellite of the earth is
by a distance of 1m in a gravitational field.
1 1
The workdone to increase the seperation 1) 2 2) 3) 4) 2
between them to 2m is 2 2
1) G 2) G/2 3) G/4 4) 2G *52. Two satellites are at heights h1 , h2 The ratio of
their orbital angular speeds is
Satellites, orbital and escape velocities : 3/2 3/ 2
43. The orbiting time ‘T’ of a surface satellite is  h1   R  h1 
given by the relation 1)   2)  
 h2   R  h2 
R g 3/ 2 3/2
1) 2 2) 2  R  h2   h2 
g R 3)   4 
 R  h1   h1 
2R
3) 2  2gR 4) 2 53. The KE of a satellite in its orbit around the
g
earth is E. The KE of the satellite so as to
44. An earth satellite is revolving in a circular enable to escape from gravitational pull of
orbit of radius 7000km. If its period of the earth is
revolution is 5500 sec, its orbital velocity is 1) 4E 2) 2E 3) 2 E 4) E
1) 1kms-1 2) 8kms-1 54. For a satellite to attain escape velocity, the
-1
3) 2kms 4) 2.2kms-1 percentage increase in its velocity should be
*45 Thes orbital speed of satellite revolving very 1) 50% 2) 100% 3) 41.4% 4) 1.414%
close to earth 55. The escape velocity of a body of mass 1kg
2GM GM when projected from the surface of the earth
1) 2)
R R vertically is 11.2kms -1 . The escape velocity
of a body of 1gm when projected at an angle
GM 6GM 300 with the horizontal is
3) 4)
7R 7R 11.2
46. The escape velocity of a body depends upon 1) kms-1 2) 11.2kms-1
2
its mass ‘m’ as 11.2
1) m0 2) m1 3) m2 4) m3 3) 11.2kms-1 4) m/s
2

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56. The mass of earth is 9 times of that of Mars. 26) 1 27) 2 28) 3 29) 1 30) 1
The radius of the earth is twice that of Mars.
31) 3 32) 4 33) 2 34) 2 35) 2
The escape velocity on the earth is 12kms -1 ,
then the escape velocity on the Mars is 36) 1 37) 4 38) 1 39) 1 40) 2
1) 5.65kms-1 2) 6kms-1 41) 3 42) 2 43) 1 44) 2 45) 2
3) 7kms-1 4) 8kms-1
46) 1 47) 4 48) 3 49) 2 50) 1
57. The escape velocities on the surface of two
planets of masses m1 and m2 and having the 51) 1 52) 3 53) 2 54) 3 55) 2
radius r1 and r2 are v1 and v2 respectively, 56) 1 57) 3 58) 2 59) 3 60) 4
then
v1 m1r1 v2 m1 r1 61) 4
1)  2) 
v2 m2 r2 v1 m2 r2
EXERCISE III-AE
v2 m2 r1 v2 m1r1
3)  4)  (CLASS WORK)
v1 m1 r2 v1 m2 r2
Universal of Gravitation and Gravtiational
58. If the escape velocity on the earth’s surface
Intensity :
is 11.2kms -1 , its value on a planet having
double the mass and double the radius that 1. A mass M is broken into two parts m and
of the earth is (M-m). What should be the ratio between m
1) 5.6kms-1 2) 11.2kms-1 and M. So that the force of gravitation
3) 22.4kms-1 4) 11.2 2 kms-1 between them is maximum
1) 2:1 2) 1:2 3) 1:1 4) 1:3
59. The escape velocity on a planet is v. If the
1 2. Two metal spheres each of radius ‘r’ are kept
th
radius of the planet contracts to the in contact with each other. If d is the density
4
present value without any change in its mass, of the material of the sphere, then the
then the escape velocity becomes gravitational force between those spheres is
1) v 2) v/2 3) 2v 4) 2 v propositional to
d2 r4
Black hole : 1) d2r 6 2) d2r 4 3) 4 4) 2
r d
60. A star having mass three times that of sun 3. In a double star system, two stars of masses
turns into black hole. The radius of that star
m1 and m2 seperated by a distance d rotate
is approximately (Mass of sun = 2 x1030kg)
about their centre of mass. Then their
1) 10km 2) 7km 3) 8km 4) 9km common angular velocity would be
61. Degenerate electron pressure will not be
Gm1 Gm 2
sufficient to prevent core collapse of white 1) 2)
dwarf if its mass becomes ‘n’ times of our d3 d3
solar mass, n value is equal to G(m1  m 2 ) d3
1) 0.5 2) 0.8 3) 1 4) 1.4 3) 4)
d3 G(m1  m 2 )
ANSWERS *4. Three bodies each of mass ‘m’ are placed at
the three corners of a square of side ‘a’. The
1) 1 2) 4 3) 4 4) 2 5) 3 gravitational force on unit mass kept at the
6) 4 7) 4 8) 4 9) 3 10) 3 fourth corner is
Gm Gm
11) 3 12) 3 13) 1 14) 3 15) 4 1) 2)
3a 2
3a 2
16) 4 17) 3 18) 2 19) 2 20) 2 3Gm Gm  1
21) 3 22) 1 23) 2 24) 1 25) 1 3) 2 4) 2  2  
a a 2

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5. Three particles each of mass ‘m’ are located 11. The minimum and maximum distance of a
at the three vertices of an equilateral tirangle satellite from the centre of the earth 2R and
of side ‘a’. If the system is revolving in a 4R respectively. Where R is the radius of the
uniform circle due to their mutual force of earth and M is the mass of earth. Its maximum
attraction, then the angular velocity of each speed is
particle is GM 2GM GM 2GM
1) 2) 3) 4)
Gm 3Gm 6R 3R 3R 5R
1) 2)
3a 3 a3
Relation between g and G :
Gm 2 Gm 2 12. The mass and diameter of a planet are two
3) 4)
3a 3 a3 times those of earth. If a seconds pendulum
is taken to it, the time period of the pendulum
6. The gravitational field at some point in space
 ^ ^ in seconds is (2002 M)
is g  3 i  4 j N/kg. The force exerted on a 1 1
2kg mass placed at that point is 1) 2) 3) 2 2 4) 2
2 2
1) 5N, 530 with x-axis 2) 5N, 370 with x-axis
3) 10N, 530 with x-axis 4) 10N, 370 with x-axis 13. Assume that the acceleration due to gravity
on the surface of the moon is 0.2times the
Kepler’s Laws : acceleration due to gravity on the surface of
1 the earth. If Re is the maximum range of a
7. A satellite takes years to move round the porjectile on the earth’s surface then what is
8
earth in its permissible orbit of radius R. The the maximum range on the surface of the
period when it revolves round the earth in an moon for the same velocity of projection
orbit of radius ‘2R’ is [Kelala PET-2001]
1 2 2 1) 0.2Re 2) 2Re 3) 0.5Re 4) 5Re
1) years 2) years
2 2 1 Variation of ‘g’ with altitude, depth and speed
4 1 of rotation of earth :
3) years 4) years
1 4 14. The period of a simple pendulum on the
8. Imagine a light planet is revolving round a surface of earth is T. At an attitude of half of
very massive star in a circular orbit of radius the radius of earth from the surface, its period
R with a time period of revolution T. If the will be
gravitational force of attraction between the 3 3T 2T 2
star and planetis propostional to R-n, then 1) T 2) 3) 4) T
2 2 3 3
T2 is propostional to (AIEEE-2004)
n+1 n+2 n–1 15. The value of ‘g’ at a particle point on the
1) R 2) R 3) R 4) Rn–2
surface of the earth is 9.8ms -2. Suppose the
9. A geostationary satellite is orbiting the earth earth suddenly shrinks uniformly to half its
at a height of 6R above the surface of the present size without losing any mass, the
earth. The time period of another satellite at value of g at the same point (assuming that
a height of 2.5R from the surface of the earth is the distance of the point from the centre of
1) 6hr 2) 8hr 3) 12hr 4) 6 2 hr the earth does not shrink) will now be
10. A geo-stationary satellite orbits around the 1) 4.9ms-2 2)3.1ms -2 3)9.8ms-2 4)19.6ms-2
earth in a circular orbit which is at a height
of 36000km from the surface of earth. Then 16 The difference in the value of 'g'at pole and
the period of spy satellite orbiting a few 3
hundred km above the earth’s surface at a lattitude in Rw 2 then latitude angle
(Rearth= 6400km) will approximately be
4
is
1 1
1) hr 2) 1 hr 3) 2hr 4) 4hr 0 0 0 0
2 2 1) 60 2) 30 3) 45 4) 95

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17. If ‘g’ is acceleration due to gravity on the 23. The minimum speed with which a body must
earth and R is radius of the earth and angular R
speed of rotation of the earth about its axis be thrown to reach a height above the
4
2g surface of the earth is
is made to be , then weight of a body at
5R (R  Radius of the earth)
the equator decreases by
gR 2gR gR
1)60% 2) 50% 3) 40% 4) 75% 1) 2) gR 3) 4)
2 5 5
18. A body on the surface of the earth at latitude
600 will be under weight lessness state if the 24. A satellite of mass ‘m’ revolves around the
angular velocity of rotation of the earth earth of radius R at a height x from its
becomes surface. If ‘g’ is the acceleration due to
GM 2GM GM 4GM gravity on the surface of the earth, than the
1) 3 2) 3 3) 3 4) orbital speed of the satellite is (AIEEE 2004)
R R 2R R3 1
 gR 2  2
19. Weight of a body of mass ‘m’ decreases by 1) gx 2)  
1% when it is raised to a height ‘h’ above the  R  x 
earth’s surface. If the body is taken to a depth gR 2 gR
‘h’ in a mine, the change in its weight is 3) 4)
1) decreases by 2% 2) decreases by 0.5% Rx Rx
3) increases by 1% 4) increases by 0.5% Satellites, orbital and escape velocities :
Gravitational Potential and Gravitational P.E.: 25. Two satellites of masses 100kg and 200kg are
20. Four particle each of mass 1kg are at the four revolving the earth at attitudes 6400 km and
corners of a square of side 1m. The 44800km. The ratio of orbital velocity of the
workdone to move one of the particles to satellites is
infinity 1) 1:2 2) 2:1 3) 1:4 4) 4:1
 2 2 1
1) 2 2 G 2)  G 26. The energy required to shift a satellite from
 2  orbital radius ‘r’ to radius 2r is E. What
energy will be required to shift the satellite
3) ( 2 2  1)G 4) 3G
from orbital radius 2r to 3r?
21. The velocity with which a body should be 1) E 2) E/2 3) 3E/4 4) E/3
projected from the surface of the earth such 27. A satellite is moving in a circular orbit
that it reaches a maximum height equal to n around the earth with a speed equalt to half
times the radius R of the earth is the escape speed from the earth. If ‘R’ is the
n GM nGM radius of the earth, then the height of the
1) 2) satellite above the surface of the earth is
n 1 R R
1) R/2 2) 2R/3 3) R 4) 2R
2n GM GM
3) 4) 28. Ratio of the radius of a planet A to that of
n 1 R nR
planet B is ‘r’. The ratio of acceleration due
22. A body starts from rest from a point distance to gravity on the surface of the two planets
R0 from the centre of the earth. The velocity is x. The ratio of the escape velocities from
acquired by the body when it reaches the the two planets is
surface of the earth will be r x
(R  Radius of the earth) (R0>R) 1) rx 2) 3) r 4)
x r
1 1 1 1 29. Two particles of same mass fall down on to
1) 2GM  R  R  2) 2GM   
the surface of the earth one from infinity and
 0  R R0 
the other from an attitude 3R. The ratio of
1 1  1 1 velocities on reaching the earth is
3) GM  R  R  4) 2GM   
 0  R R0  1) 2:3 2) 3:2 3) 2: 3 4) 3 :2

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30. The escape velocity of a body on the earth’s ANSWERS

surface is Ve. A body is thrown vertically up with
a speed of (kVe) (k<1). The maximum height 1) 2 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 5) 2
reached by the body above the earth is 6) 3 7) 1 8) 1 9) 4 10) 2
2
 k  2 k 2
11) 2 12) 3 13) 4 14) 2 15) 3
1) R 
2  2) R
1 k  (1 k2 ) 16) 2 17) 3 18) 4 19) 2 20) 2
2
1 k  R 21) 3 22) 2 23) 3 24) 2 25) 2
3) R  4)
 k  k2 26) 4 27) 3 28) 1 29) 3 30) 1
31. A body projected vertically upwards from 31) 4 32) 2 33) 2 34) 1 35) 4
the surface of the earth with a velocity equal
1 rd EXERCISE - IIIB
to of the escape velocity. The height
3 (HOME WORK)
reached by it if the radius of the earth is
6400km is Universal Law of Gravitation and
1)3200km 2) 7200km Gravitational Intensity:
3) 6400km 4) 800km
1. A mass M is broken into two parts m and
32. A particle is projected vertically up with a (M-m) what should be the ratio between m
velocity gR . Where R is the radius of the and (M-m) so that the force of attraction
between them is maximum
earth, g is the acceleration due to gravity,
1) 2:1 2) 1:2 3) 1:1 4) 1:3
then the maximum height reached is
1) R/2 2) R 3) 2R 4) 5R/4 2. Two metal spheres each of radius ‘r’ and
made of same material are seperated by a
33. The escape velocity of a body on the earth’s certain fixed distance or (d>2r) in a medium.
surface is ve. A body is thrown up with a speed The gravitational force between those
of kve, where k>1, Assuming that the sun and spheres is proportional to
planets do not influence the motion of the 1 1
body, then the velocity of the body at the 1) 2 2) 4 3) r4 4) r6
r r
infinite distance in
ve 3. In double star system, two stars of masses m
2 and 2m are separted by a distance d rotate
1) 2) ve k  1
k 2 1 about their centre of mass. Then their
ve common angular velocity would be
3) ve(k2 -1) 4)
k 1 Gm 3Gm
1) 2)
34. A satellite moves around the earth in a d3 d3
circular orbit with speed V. If ‘m’ is the mass 2Gm Gm
of the satellite, its total energy is 3) 4)
1 2 1 2 3 2 d3 3d 3
1)  mv 2) mv 3) mv 4) -mv2 4. Three bodies each of mass ‘m’ are placed at
2 2 2
the three corners of a square of side ‘a’. The
35. A body is projected with a velocity 2/3 rd of intensity of the gravitational field at the
escape velocity from the surface of the earth fourth corner is
in order to orbit the earth. Its orbital radius Gm Gm
will be (Re is radius of the earth) 1) 2)
3a 2 3a 2
9 3
1)   Re 2) 2Re 3)   Re Gm Gm  1
8 2 3) 4) 2  2  
4) It cannot be put into any orbit
a2 a  2

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5. Four particles each of mass ‘m’ are located Relation between g & G :
at the four corners of a square of side ‘a’. If 12. A body released from certain height reaches
the system is revolving in a uniform circle the surface of the earth after ‘t’ seconds. If
due to their is mutual force if attraction, then the same body is released from the same
the angular velocity of each particle is height on the moon, it reaches the surface

Gm 2 2  1  Gm
  
after  g moon 
ge 
1)
a 3
2)
a3
2 1
 6 
t t
Gm  1 Gm  1  1) S 2) S 3) 6t S 4) 6t S
3) 3 
2  4) 3 
2  6 6
a  2 a  2
13. A person can jump safely from a height of
6. The gravitational field at some point in space 2m on the earth. On a planet where
 ^ ^
is g  8 i  6 j N/kg. The force exerted on a acceleration due to gravity is 2.45ms -2 , the
1kg mass placed at that point is maximum height from which he can jump
1) 10N, 530 with x-axis 2) 10N, 370 with x-axis safely
3) 20N, 530 with x-axis 4) 20N, 370 with x-axis 1) 8m 2) 4m 3) 16m 4) 64m
Kepler’s Law s : 14. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum
7. In an atom two electrons move round the on the surface of earth is T. At an altitude of
nucleus in circular orbits of radii R and 4R.  1  th
  radius of earth, its time period will be
The ratio of their time periods is  100 
1) 8:1 2) 1:8 3) 4:1 4) 1:4 (h<<R)
8. Imagine a satellite revolving round a very 5 2 5 2 5 5T
1) T 2) T 3) T 4)
massive planet in circular orbit of radius R 7 7 7 7 2
with period T. If the gravitational force of 15. The value of ‘g’ at a particular point on the
attraction between the satellite and planet is surface of the earth is 9.8ms-2. Suppose the earth
inversely propotional to R 5/2 , then T 2 is suddenly shrinks uniformly to half its present
propostional to size without losing mass, then the value of ‘g’
1) R3 2) R7/2 3) R3/2 4) R5/2 on the surface of new earth will be
9. The mean radius of the orbit of a satellite is 1) 9.8ms-2 2) 19.6ms-2
4 times as that of parking orbit of the earth. 3) 4.9ms-2 4)39.2ms -2
Then its period of revolution around the 16 The diference in the value of ‘ g ‘ at poles and
earth is
1) 96hr 2) 108hr 3) 144hr 4) 192hr at a place lattitude 450 is
10. The time period of a satellite of earth is 5hr.
Rw 2 Rw 2 Rw 2
1) Rw 2 2) 3) 4)
If the seperation between earth and the 2 4 3
satellite is increased to 4 times the previous 17. The acceleration due to gravity at the latitude
value, then the new period will become 450 on the earth becomes zero if the angular
(AIEEE 2003) velocity of rotation of earth is equal to
1)10hr 2) 80hr 3) 40hr 4) 20hr 2 2g 5R
11. The minimum and maximum distances of a 1) 2) 2gR 3) 4)
gR R 2
satellite from the centre of earth are 2R and 18. If ‘R’ is the radius of the earth and ‘w’ is
4R respectively. Where R is the radius of the angular velocity with which it rotates about
earth and M is the mass of the earth, its its axis, the variation in the value of ‘g’ at
minimum speed is 450 latitude of the earth stops its rotation will be
GM 2GM Rw 2 Rw 2
1) 2) 1) increases by 2) decreases by
6R 3R 2 2
GM 2GM Rw 2 Rw 2
3) 4) 3) increases by 4)decreases by
3R 5R 4 4

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19. The radius of the earth is R. The depth of a 25. Two earth satellites of same mass are revolving
point vertically below the earth’s surface at round the earth in circular orbits of radii
which the acceleration due to gravity 6400km and 19, 200km from the centre of the
becomes 1% of its value at the surface is earth. Ratio of their orbital velocities will be
99R 1) 1: 3 2) 3 :1 3) 1:3 4) 3:1
1) 8R 2) 9R 3) 4) 10R
100 26. Energy required to move a body of mass ‘m’
Gravitational Potential and Gravitational PE : from orbit of radii 2R to 3R is
*20 .If three particles each of mass m are placed (AIEEE 2002)
at the three corners of an equilational GMm GMm GMm GMm
1) 2) 3) 4)
triangle of side l, the workdone to increase 2R 2 3R 2 8R 6R
the side of that triangle 2l is 27. Two satellites of masses 50kg and 100kg
3Gm 2
3Gm 2
Gm 2
Gm 2 revolve around the earth in circular orbits
1) 2) 3) 4) of radii 9R and 16R respectively, where R is
l 2l 2l l the radius of the earth. The speeds of the two
21. A body of mass ‘m’ is raised from the surface satellites will be in the ratio (99M)
of earth to a point which is at a height nR 9 16
from the surface of the earth. The change in 1) 3/4 2) 4/3 3) 4)
16 9
PE is
28. The ratio of the radii of planet A and B is K1
2mgR
1) nmgR 2) and the ratio of acceleration due to gravity
n on them is K2. The ratio of escape velocities
n mgR from them will be
3) mgR 4)
n 1 n K1 K2
1)K 1 K 2 2) K1K 2 3)
22. A body starts from rest from a point distance K 2 4) K1
R0 from the surface of the earth. The velocity
acquired by the body when it reaches the 29. A particle falls towards the earth from
surface of the earth will be infinity. The velocity with which it reaches
(R  Radius of the earth) (R0>R) earth’s surface (g  acceleration due to
gravity on earth’s surface and R is the radius
GMR 0 GMR
1) 2) of the earth)
R  R0 R  R0 1)2gR 2) 2 gR 3) gR 4) R/g
2GMR 0 2GMR 30. A body is projected up with a velocity equal
3) R R  R 0  4) 3 th
R  R0 to of the escape velocity from the surface
4
*23. A particle is projected from the surface of of the earth. The height if reaches is
the earth with an initial speed of 4kms . The -1 10R 9R 9R 10R
maximum height attains by the particles 1) 2) 3) 4)
9 7 8 3
(R=6400km/g=9.8ms -2 ) 31. A body is projected from earth’s surface with
1) 935km 2) 1080km a velocity equal to half the escape velocity of
3) 640km 4) 1560km earth. The maximum height it will reach is
Satellites, orbital and escape velocities : (R  Radius of earth)
24. An earth satellite of mass ‘m’ revolves in a 1) 3R 2) R/2 3) R/3 4) R
circular orbit at a height ‘h’ from the surface 32. The velocity acquired by a body in falling to
of the earth. If ‘R’ is the radius of the earth, the surface of earth from a point at a height
then the velocity of the satellite on that orbit equal to the radius of the earth is
is given by approximately
gR 2 gR gR 2 1) 4kms-1 2) 8kms-1
1) 2) gR 3) 4) 3) 4 2 kms -1
4) 8 2 kms-1
Rh Rh Rh

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33. The escape velocity of a body on the earth’s force is responsible for holding protons and
surface is ve. A body is thrown up with a speed neutrons in the nucleus. The weak nuclear
force is responsibel for a type of radioactive
of 5 Ve. Assuming that the sun and planets do decay known as beta decay.
not influence the motion of the body, then the
1. Mention the type of strong basic attrative
velocity of the body at the infinite distance is
force involved in between two protons in the
1) 0 2) Ve
nucleus is
3) 2 Ve 4) 2Ve
1) Gravitational 2) Electromagnetic
34. A satellite moves around the earth in a 3) Weak Nuclear force 4) Strong nuclear force
circular orbit with speed V. If ‘m’ is the mass
2. Among the basic forces, the weaker force is
of the satellite, its potential energy is
1) Gravitational 2) Electromagnetic
1) mv2 2) mv2 3) mv2 4) -mv2
3) Weak Nuclear force 4) Strong nuclear force
8gR 3. The type of basic force involved in electron
35. An object is projected with a velocity
3 revolving around the nucleus is
1) Gravitational 2) Electromagnetic
from earth. The velocity of the object, at the 3) Weak Nuclear force 4) Strong nuclear force
maximum height reached by it will be 4. The type of basic force involved in the process
2gR 8R of beta decay is
1) 2) 1) Gravitational
3 3
2) Electromagnetic
3) 2 gR 4) zero 3) Weak Nuclear force
4) Strong nuclear force
ANSWERS 5. Among basic forces, the strongest force is
1) Gravitational 2) Electromagnetic
1) 3 2) 4 3) 2 4) 4 5) 4
3) Weak Nuclear force 4) Strong nuclear force
6) 2 7) 2 8) 2 9) 4 10) 3 Comprehension - II (6-9) :
11) 1 12) 3 13) 1 14) 1 15) 4 A frame of reference discribes the positon of
an object in space.
16) 2 17) 3 18) 1 19) 3 20) 2
The reference frame in which Newton's Laws
21) 3 22) 3 23) 1 24) 4 25) 2 hold good is called inertial referece frame.
26) 4 27) 2 28) 2 29) 2 30) 2 Ex: The reference frame at rest
The reference frame in which Newton's Laws
31) 3 32) 2 33) 4 34) 4 35) 1
do not hold good is called Non inertial
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS referece frame. Ex: The linearly accelerating
frame.
Comprehension - I (1-5) :
The property of a body that measures its
The basic forces in nature can be classified
resistance to acceleration is called inertial
into four categories depending upon their
nature and relative strength. They are mass. The property of a body responsible for
Gravitational force, Electromagnetic force, gravitational force it exerts on another body
Strong Nuclear force and weak Nuclear force. is called its gravitational mass.
Gravitational force is responsible for The Principle of equivalence states that no
attraction between particles of various bodies experiment performed inside an accelerated,
having some mass. The Electromagnetic force closed system can distinguish between the
is responsible for holding atoms together that effects of gravitational field and the effect of
make up the molecules. This strong Nuclear accelerated motion.

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6. The reference frame that represents the mo-
tion of bus starting from rest and moves with
acceleration is
1) Inertial frame
2) Non inertial frame
3) Rotating frame
4) We can not explain
7. According to stationary observer on the
earth, the following that represents inertial
frame of reference is
1) Merry-go round
2) Gaint wheel
3) A vehicle moving with uniform velocity
4) A car starts from rest
8. Statement -A : Principle of equivalence
established that the inertial mass and
gravitational mass are completely equivalent.
Statement - B : Principle of equivalence is
applicable to electromagnetic phenomena
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both A and B are false
4) both A and B are true
9. According to principle of equivalence, it is not
possible to distinguish between
1) Inertial and non inertial frames of reference
2) The gravitational and inertial mass
3) both 1 and 2
4) mass and weight
Comprehension - III (10-13) :
If the period of revolution of an artifical
satellite is equal to be period of rotation of
earth then such satellite is called Geo-
stationary satellite. It appears stationary for
an observer on the earth. These satellite have
a variety of uses right from studying the
atomosphere to the transmission of TV
programmes.
10. The height of geo-stationary satellite above
the surface of earth is nearly
1) 36000 km
2) 3600 km
3) 360 km
4) 36 km
11. The time period of revolution and the sense
of revolution of a geo-stationary satellite re-
spectively are
1) 365 days from west to east
2) 30 days from west to east
3) 24 hrs. from west to east
4) 24 hrs. from east to west
12. The orbital speed of geo-stationary satellite
is about
1) 30 m/sec 2) 30 km/sec
3) 3 km/sec 4) 300 m/sec
13. Geo-stationary satellites are used for
1) Study the upper layers of atomosphere
2) Transmit the TV programmes to distant places
3) To know about the planets, satellites and comets etc.
4) All the above
Comprehension - IV (14-17) :
The minimum velocity required for an object
to escape from gravitational influence of a
planet is known as escape velocity V e . The
expression for escape velocity is obtained by
equating the work required to move the body
from surface of a planet to infinity with the
initial kinetic energy given to the body. The
escape velocity from a planet of mass M and
2GM  2gr
radius R is given by Ve 
R
where g is acceleration due to gravity on the
surface of the planet and G is universal
gravitational constant.
14. Choose the only incorret statement from the
following, the escape velocity from a planet is
1) Independent of mass of the body which is
projected
2) Independent of direction in which body is
projected
3) Depends on mass and radius of planet
4) Depends on mass and direction of projec-
tion of body

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15. The mass of Jupiter is above 319 times that 17. A body is dropped from a height at equal to
of the earth and its radius is about 11 times half the radius of the earth. If Ve is the escape
that of the earth. The ratio of escape velocity velocity on the earth and air resistance is
on Jupiter to that of the earth is neglected, it will strike the surface of the earth
1 with a speed
1) 29 2) 29 3) 4) 2.9 Ve Ve
29 V V
1) 2) e 3) 4) e
16. If R is the radius of the earth and g is accel- 2 2 3 3
eration due to gravity on its surface, the es-
cape velocity of a body projected from a sat- ANSWERS
ellite orbiting the earth at a height h=R from 1) 4 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 5) 4
the surface of the earth will be 6) 2 7) 3 8) 4 9) 3 10) 1
1) gr 2) 2gr 3) 3gr 4) 2 gr 11) 3 12) 3 13) 4 14) 4 15) 1
16) 1 17) 3

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