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Prelims inShots-2024
RIVERS IN NEWS
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GHAGGAR RIVER- HIMACHAL PRADESH  Tawi river originates from the lap of Kailash Kund glacier
and adjoining area southwest of Bhadarwah in
 It rises in the Siwalik (Shiwalik) Range, in northwestern
Himachal Pradesh state and flows about 200 miles (320  Doda district.
km) southwest through Haryana state, where it receives
 After traversing Jammu city, the river crosses into
the Saraswati River.
Pakistan's Punjab and joins Chenab river.
 It eventually dries up in the Great Indian (Thar) Desert.
 Tawi is a major left bank tributary of river Chenab.
 Just southwest of Sirsa it feeds two irrigation canals that
 The flow of water in the river has been decreasing in
extend into Rajasthan state.
recent years as the source glacier (Kailash Kund glacier)
 The Ghaggar was probably once an affluent of the Indus has been retreating.
River.
GHATAPRABHA RIVER- Karnataka
 Its seasonal flow is dependent on monsoonal (seasonal)
 It is a tributary of Krishna that flows in Karnataka. It has
rainfall.
a hydroelectric and irrigational dam at Hidkal.
MAHADAYI / MHADEI RIVER- Karnataka & Goa
 Hidkal Dam is located in Belagavi, Karnataka. The dam
 It is west-flowing river, originates in Bhimgad Wildlife was completed in 1977.
Sanctuary (Western Ghats), Belagavi, Karnataka.
 Tributaries of Ghataprabha: Hiranyakeshi and
 It is essentially a rain-fed river. It is also called Mandovi Markandeya rivers.
in Goa.
 Krishna is the second largest river in peninsular India. It
 It is joined by a number of streams to form the Mandovi rises in the Western Ghats at an altitude of 1337m. near
which is one of two major rivers (the other one is Zuari Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra.
river) that flows through Goa.
 Krishna flows through Maharashtra, Karnataka,
 The river travels 35 km in Karnataka; 82 km in Goa before Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and finally drains into
joining the Arabian Sea. the Bay of Bengal
JOJARI RIVER- RAJASTHAN MULA-MUTHA RIVER- MAHARASHTRA

 It was a seasonal river and carried only the excess  It is formed by the confluence of the Mula and Mutha
rainwater, and ended downstream rivers in the city of Pune, which later meets the Bhima
River,
 It flows from the north-east to south-west.
 It later meets the Krishna River and finally emptying to
 It meets the Luni river near Khejalda Khurd in Jodhpur
the Bay of Bengal.
district, small streams join the Jojari in the upper part.
DARNA RIVER- MAHARASHTRA
TAWI RIVER- JAMMU
 It is a minor right-bank tributary of Godavari in the Nashik
District, Maharashtra.

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 IAS Abhiyan
 The Darna rises on the northern slopes of the Kulang hill  The 17th century Chandragiri fort is on the river.
fort in the Sahyadris, Igatpuri,Nashik.
 This river is considered as the traditional boundary
ULHAS RIVER- MAHARASHTRA between the Tulu Nadu and Malayalam regions of
 It is a west flowing river in Western India in the  Kerala from the fourteenth century AD onwards.
Maharashtra.
GUNDLAKAMMA RIVER- Andhra Pradesh
 The Ulhas River is used to supply drinking water to the
 It is a seasonal waterway that flows through the east-
cities of Badlapur and Navi Mumbai, Kalyan Dombivali.
central part of the state of Andhra Pradesh.
ITHIKKARA RIVER-Kerala
 It arises in the Nallamalla Hills, an offshoot of the Eastern
 It is a 56 km long river originates in the Kulathupuzha Hills Ghats.
in the Western Ghats
 Gundlakamma is the largest of all the rivers that originate
 It flows through the Kollam district, finally emptying into from the Nallamalla Hill.
Paravur Lake.
SWARNAMUKHI RIVER - Andhra Pradesh
 The village of Ithikkara is located on the river, 15 km from
 It is an east flowing river having a total length of 130 km.
the port of Kollam.
 This is an independent river which rises at an elevation
PERUMBA RIVER-Kerala
of 300 m in the eastern Ghats ranges near Pakala village
 It originates from Pinkunnumala and it has a length of 51 in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh.
Kms.
 Recently discovered Gottiprolu site lies on the right bank
 It is also called panappuzha and is a fresh water river of a distributary of river Swarnamukhi about seventeen
which flows through malabar region. kilometers east of Naidupet and eighty kilometers from
Tirupati and Nellore.
 Vannathipuzha is the main tributary of perumba river
which flows through mathamangalam. RAMGANGA RIVER- Uttarakhand

 The famous Kallan kulam (Kallan pond) is on the  It originates from Doodhatoli ranges in Uttarakhand.
southern side of Kallan Kunnu (Kallan Hill).
 It flows to south east from Kumaun Himalaya.
 This pond is the home of many rarely found fishes.
 It is a tributary of the river Ganges, originates from the
PAYASWINI/ CHANDRAGIRI RIVER- Kerala high altitude zone of Namik Glacier(3600 m).
 It is the largest river in Kasaragod district, state of Kerala.  It flows by the Corbett National Park near Ramnagar of
Nainital from where it descends upon the plains.
 It was named after the great Mauryan king Chandragupta
Maurya.  An annual festival of Ganga Dassahra is organised on its
banks annually during the months of September.
 It is believed that he visited the river on his way to
Shravanabelagola. NAYAR RIVER/ NARAD GANGA- Uttarakhand

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 It is a perennial, non-glacial river in the North Indian state  It is a river in Thane district of Maharashtra.
of Uttarakhand.
 It originates Kasara Ghat.
 The two main branches of the river, Nayar East and
 The dam built on the confluence of Chorana and Bhatsa
Nayar West along with Ramganga river, rise in the dense
rivers is called Bhatsa dam.
forests and high meadows of Dudhatoli and merge to
form Nayar roughly one kilometre ahead of Satpuli.  Later this river joins the river Kalu at Ambivali
 Satpuli is a town on the left bank of Nayar East river. COOUM RIVER- Tamil Nadu

 It is one of the largest non-glacial perennial rivers in the  It is one of the shortest classified rivers draining into the
state, second only to Ramganga (West). Bay of Bengal.
KASBANI KABINI/ KAPILA RIVER- Kerala  This river is about 72 km in length and is highly polluted
in the urban area (Chennai).
 It is one of the major tributaries of the river Cauvery in
southern India.  Along with the Adyar River running parallel to the south,
the river trifurcates the city and separates Northern
 It originates in the Wayanad District of Kerala state by the
Chennai from Central Chennai
confluence of the Panamaram River and the
Mananthavady River. ADYAR RIVER- Tamil Nadu

 It flows eastward to join the Kaveri River at Tirumakudalu  It is originating near the Chembarambakkam Lake in
Narasipura in Karnataka. Kanchipuram district, is one of the three rivers which
PAMBA/ PAMPA RIVER- Kerala  winds through Chennai (Madras), Tamil Nadu and joins
the Bay of Bengal at the Adyar estuary.
 It rises at an altitude of 1,650 metres on the
Peermade Plateau in the Idukki district of Kerala.  Despite the high pollution levels, boating and fishing take
place in this river. Most of the waste from the city is
 After traversing a distance of 176 kilometres , the river
drained into this river and the Cooum
joins the Arabian Sea through a number of channels.
THAMIRABARANI / PORUNAI RIVER- Tamil Nadu
 It is the third longest river in the Kerala after Periyar and
Bharathappuzha and the longest river in the  It is a perennial river that originates from the
Agastyarkoodam peak of Pothigai hills of the Western
 erstwhile princely state of Travancore.
Ghats.
 Sabarimala temple dedicated to Lord Ayyappa is located
 It flows through the Tamil Nadu state into the Gulf of
on the banks of the river Pamba.
Mannar.
 The river is also known as 'Dakshina Bhageerathi'.
 It is the only perennial river in Tamil Nadu
During ancient times it was called 'River Baris’.
SUHELI RIVER- Uttar Pradesh
BHATSA RIVER- MAHARASHTRA

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 It forms the southern boundary of the Dudhwa National • Recently the Union Cabinet has given its ex-post facto
Park and is considered the park's "life line". approval for a MoU between India and Bangladesh on
the withdrawal of 1.82 cusecs (cubic feet per second) of
 The Suheli, along with the Sharda and Mohana drain into
water from the Feni river by India for a drinking water
the Ghagra River system.
supply scheme for Sabroom town in Tripura.
 South Asian river dolphins possibly occur near the
MUHURI / LITTLE FENI RIVER- Tripura---Bangladesh---Bay
confluence of the Suheli with the Ghagha (Ghaghara),
of Bengal
but there have been no surveys to confirm this.
• It is a transnational river between India and Bangladesh.
KALADAN & SIMBALBARA RIVER
• It rises in the Lushai Hills of Tripura,
 Scientists of the Zoological Survey of India have
discovered two new species of freshwater fish from the • It flows into Bangladesh where it merges with the Feni
north-eastern and northern parts of the country. near the latter's mouth to the Bay of Bengal.
 Glyptothorax gopii is a new species of catfish. HAORA / SAIDRA RIVER- Tripura---Bangladesh---Bay of
Bengal
 It was found in Mizoram’s Kaladan river.
• It is called Saidra in Kokborok by the original inhabitants
 It is dark brown on its dorsal surface, and its ventral
of the state.
surface is of a yellowish-light brown.
• It originates from the Boromura hills in central Tripura,
 Garra simbalbaraensiswas found in Himachal Pradesh’s
and flows through the foothills and the capital city
Simbalbara river.
Agartala before reaching Bangladesh
 It has a yellowish-grey colour fading ventrally.
AIE RIVER- Bhutan-- Assam
BAHUDA RIVER- Odisha
 River Aie (Mother) River “Mother” originates from the
 It originates from the Singharaj hills the Eastern Ghats in Himalayan Mountains of Bhutan and flows through the
Odisha and drained into the Bay of Bengal. Chirang and Bongaigaon districts of Assam before
joining the river Brahmaputra.
FENI RIVER- Tripura---Bangladesh---Bay of Bengal
 It is the lifeline of the region as about 30000 families in
• It forms part of the India-Bangladesh border.
the region are dependent on the river for their daily
• It originates in South Tripura district and flows through livelihoods through Crops, Fishing, Stone & Sand
Sabroom town and then enters Bangladesh. Collection and many other activities.

• Muhuri River/ Little Feni, from Noakhali District joins it  Hagrama Bridge which is located on this river is a centre
near its mouth. of attraction.

• It is navigable by small boats as far as Ramgarh, 80 km  Recently the 12-day-long river festival 'Dwijing Festival'
upstream. in Assam that attracted many tourists winded up its fourth
edition at Hagrama Bridge.

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BAGMATI RIVER- Nepal  Wardha river originates in Satpura Range in Betul
District, Madhya Pradesh.
 It runs through the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal and
separates Kathmandu from Patan.  Penganga river is a major tributary of the Wardha river
and rises in the Ajanta range.
 It is considered holy by both Hindus and Buddhists.
 Pranahita river empties into the Godavari River at
 A number of Hindu temples are located on its banks
Kaleshwaram, Telangana.
RUSHIKULYA RIVER- Odisha
 Pranahita river is the largest tributary of the Godavari
 It originates at an elevation of about 1000 metres from river covering about 34% of its drainage basin.
Daringbadi hills of the Eastern Ghats range.
 Gosekhurdh irrigation project is being constructed on the
 The place from where the river originates, Daringbadi is Wainganga River.
called the 'Kashmir of Odisha'.
SILERU / MACHKUND RIVER- Andhra Pradesh
 It covers entire catchment area in the districts of
 It is a tributary of Sabari River.
Kandhamal and Ganjam of Odisha.
 It originates in the Eastern Ghats Andhra Pradesh & also
 The river meets the Bay of Bengal at Puruna Bandha in
flows through Odisha before merging with Sabari.
Ganjam.
 It crosses the border into Andhra Pradesh to merge with
 Its tributaries are the Baghua, the Dhanei, the Badanadi
Godavari river.
etc.
 It joins Sabari river tri-junction boundary point of Andhra
 It has no delta as such at its mouth.
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
 Gahirmatha marine sanctuary and Rushikulya rookery
 Hydroelectric dams on the Machkund River at Jalaput
coast in Ganjam district are main Olive Ridley Nesting
Reservoir and on the upper and lower courses of the
sites in Odisha.
Sileru are a significant source of power for the region.
 After 7 years, recently over one lakh turtles have laid
 The Balimela Reservoir is on the river Sileru which is
eggs along Rushikulya coast.
situated in the Malkangiri District of Odisha State
WAINGANGA RIVER- Madhya Pradesh
DRI & TANGON RIVER
 It is one of the key tributaries of the river Godavari.
 Dri Streams, are small streams that flow into the Dibang
 It rises in the Mahadeo Hills in the Seoni District of River in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.
Madhya Pradesh and drains Madhya Pradesh and
 Tangon River passing through West Bengal and
 Maharashtra. Bangladesh.

 The Wainganga after joining the Wardha River at  It is tributary of Punarbhaba River.
Chaprala in Gadchiroli district (Maharashtra) is known as
the Pranahita River.

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 Etalin Hydroelectric Project - It is proposed in Arunachal  The Sindh River, a tributary of the Yamuna River,
Pradesh and envisaged as a run of the river scheme on flows through the Indian states of Madhya
rivers Dri and Tangon. Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River Basin  The Sindh originates on the Malwa Plateau in
Vidisha district, in Madhya Pradesh and joins the
 The Ganges- Brahmaputra- Meghna (GBM) is a
Yamuna River in Jalaun district, Uttar Pradesh.
transboundary river system spanning five countries:
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal.  Tributaries :

 Trans-boundary rivers originating outside India cause  Left : Kwari River

massive flooding in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal,
 Right : Pahuj River
Assam and Arunachal Pradesh during the monsoon
season.  Not to be confused with Kali sindh River(tributary
of chambal) and Sind river (tributary of jhelum)
 According to CWC reports, India has suffered an annual
loss of Rs 6,000 crore every year between 1953 and  The Mahuar River is also locally known as the
2000 due to floods. Samoha River and passes through the
former Karera Wildlife Sanctuary.
Galwan River
 Manikheda Dam has been constructed across the
 The Galwan River flows from the disputed Aksai Chin
Sindh River in Shivpuri district and a Pickup Dam
region administered by China to the Ladakh union
named as Mohini Sagar is situated downstream.
territory of India.
Rangeet River
 It originates to the east of the area of Samzungling on the
eastern side of the Karakoram range and flows west to  The Rangeet or Rangit is a tributary of the Teesta river,
join the Shyok River. which is the largest river in the Indian state of Sikkim.
 The river is named after Ghulam Rasool Galwan, a  The Rangeet river originates in the Himalayan mountains
Ladakhi explorer of Kashmiri descent, who first explored in West Sikkim district and forms the boundary between
the course of the river. Sikkim and Darjeeling district.
 The point of confluence is 102 km south of Daulat Beg  During its final few kilometres, it joins the Teesta River at
Oldi. Shyok River itself is a tributary of the Indus River, a confluence known as Tribeni,which is a popular picnic
making Galwan a part of the Indus River system. spot.
 The narrow valley of the Galwan River as it flows through  A perennial river, it is fed by the melting snow of the
the Karakoram mountains has been a flashpoint between Himalayas in early summer and the monsoon rains in
China and India in their border dispute. June–September.
Sindh River  Rangit Dam is built on the Rangit River in the Legship
district in Sikkim.

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Bhima /Chandrabhaga River  The Kali Sindh rises in the Vindhya Range near Bagli in
Dewas district of Madhya Pradesh.
 It originates near Bhimashankar Temple in the
Bhimashankar hills ,Western Ghats, known as Sahyadri,  The Kali Sindh River drains a major portion of the Malwa
in Pune District, Maharashtra. region, and is the biggest river flowing in the Malwa
region of Madhya Pradesh.
 It flows southeast through Maharashtra, Karnataka, and
Telangana states, before entering the Krishna River in  The main tributaries of the Kali Sindh are the Parwan,
Telangana. Niwaj and Ahu rivers.

 Tributaries :  Kalisindh Dam is a major dam across the river situated in

Jhalawar district of Rajasthan.
 Left - Ghod, Sina, Kahini
Amaravati River
 Right - Bhama, Indrayani, Mula-mutha, Nira.
 The Amaravati River is the longest tributary of Kaveri
 The river is also referred to as Chandrabhaga River,
River in the fertile districts of Karur and Tirupur, Tamil
especially at Pandharpur, Maharashtra, as it resembles
Nadu.
the shape of the Moon.
 ▪️ The 282-kilometre long Amaravati River begins at the
Bhadar River
Kerala/Tamil Nadu border, between the Anaimalai Hills
 It originates from Jasdan taluka of Rajkot. and the Palni Hills in Tirupur district.

 It is one of the major rivers of Kathaiwar (Saurashtra)  ▪️ It joins with the Kaveri at Thirumukkudal, about 10
peninsula in Gujarat. kilometres from Karur.

 There are 9 major tributaries of which 6 tributaries  ▪️ Amaravathi Dam is a dam constructed across the
namely Gandali, Chapparwadi, Phopal, Utawali, Moj and Amaravathi River. It is located at Amaravathinagar.
Venu are feeding from the right.
 ▪️ Nanganji, Kudavanar, Shanmuga nadhi, Uppar,
 The remaining 3 tributaries are Vasavadi, Surwa and Kudumiar, Thenar are some of the tributaries joint with
Galolio from the left. the Amravati river.
 Note: Bhadar dam is located in Rajkot and is second Indravati River
largest in Saurashtra region after Shetrunji dam. Bhadar
 Indravati River is a tributary of the Godavari River, in
dam is on the Bhadar River in Saurashtra region in
central India.
Gujarat.
 Its starting point, found to be the Ghats of Dandakaranya,
Kali sindh River
in the Kalahandi district of the state of Odisha.
 The Kali Sindh, is a river in Madhya Pradesh and
 The River follows a westerly path and enters Jagadalpur
Rajasthan in northern India and is a tributary of the
in the state of Chhattisgarh. The river moves from here in
Chambal River in the Ganges Basin.
a southern route, before eventually uniting with the

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Godavari at the borders of three states. They are the  (10.9%), Odisha (5.7%),ultimately emptying into the Bay
state of Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Telangana. of Bengal

 The Chitrakoot Falls are located 40 kilometres (25 mi)  In terms of length, catchment area and discharge, the
from Jagdalpur, in Chhattisgarh. Godavari is the largest in peninsular India, and had been
dubbed as the Vridha Ganga or Dakshin Ganga.
 Tributaries :
 Tributaries :
 Left - Nandiraj River
 Right - Nasardi, Darna, pravara, sindphana, Manjira,
 Right - Bhaskel River, Narangi River, Nimbra river,
Manair, Kinnerasani.
kotri river, Bandla river.
 Left - Banganga, kadva, Shivana, purna, kadam,
 Dam : Indravati Dam built on the river near Mukhiguda,
pranhita, Indravati, Taliperu, Sabri.
Kalahandi is one of the largest Dam in India as well as
Asia  Some famous Dams such as Jayakwadi dam, Sriram
sagar dam and Sir Arthur cotton Barrage are located on
River Tiau
this river.
 Forms the International boundary between India
Kaveri River
(Mizoram) and Myanmar
 The river flows primarily through Karnataka and Tamil
 People fleeing Myanmar through this river due to the
Nadu.
coup in Myanmar
 It rises in the Brahmagiri range near Cherangala village
 It rises near Khuangphah village of Champhai
of Kodagu (Coorg) district of Karnataka and drains into
district in Mizoram, India.
the Bay of Bengal.
 It ultimately merges with the Tuipui River.
 It is bounded by Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and by
 Zokhawthar is located on the Indian side of the river. the ridges separating it from Krishna basin and Pennar
basin.
 The Tio Khawmawi village is located on the Burmese
side. In the local language, the river is also known  Cauvery basin extends over states of Tamil Nadu,
as Ciau River or Ciau Guun Karnataka, Kerala and UT of Puducherry.
Godavari river  Tributaries:

 The Godavari is India's second longest river after the  Left Bank: the Harangi, the Hemavati, the
Ganga and its source is in Triambakeshwar, Maharashtra Shimsha and the Arkavati.

 It flows east draining the states of Maharashtra (48.6%),  Right Bank: Lakshmantirtha, the Kabbani, the
Telangana (18.8%), Andhra Pradesh (4.5%), Suvarnavati, the Bhavani, the Noyil and the
Chhattisgarh Amaravati.

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 On the Cauvery, lies the “Grand Anicut dam” said to have  Tapi from Saputara that flows through Maharashtra and
been constructed by Chola King in 1st century A.D. Surat in Gujarat, and

 Important dams : Krishna Raja Sagara dam, Mettur dam.  Narmada originating in Madhya Pradesh and flowing
through Maharashtra and Bharuch and Narmada districts
Ghaghara (Karnali) River
in Gujarat.
 Ghaghara, also called Karnali is a perennial trans-
 Link mainly includes the construction of seven dams
boundary river originating on the Mapchachungo glacier,
(Jheri, Mohankavchali, Paikhed, Chasmandva, Chikkar,
Tibetan Plateau near Lake Manasarovar.
Dabdar and Kelwan), three diversion weirs (Paikhed,
 It cuts through the Himalayas in Nepal and joins the Chasmandva, and Chikkar dams).
Sharda River at Brahmaghat in India and together they
Banas River
form the Ghaghara River, a major left bank tributary of
the Ganges.  The Banas is a river which lies entirely within the state of
Rajasthan in western India.
 The confluence of Ghaghara with the Ganges is at
Revelganj in Bihar.  It is a tributary of the Chambal River, itself a tributary of
the Yamuna, which in turn merges into the Ganga.
 The Ghaghra River is locally known as the legendary
"Sarayu River" in the holy city of Ayodhya which finds  The river originates in the Veron ka Math situated in
mentions in Ramayana. Ayodhya is situated on its right Khamnor Hills of the Aravalli Range, about 5 km from
bank. Kumbhalgarh in Rajsamand.
 It is the largest tributary of the Ganges by volume and the  It meets Chambal near the village of Rameshwar in
second longest tributary of the Ganges by length after Sawai Madhopur District
Yamuna.
 Major tributaries include the right bank tributaries of
 Tributaries : Berach and Menali and the left bank tributaries of Kothari,
Khari, Dai, Dheel River, Sohadara River, Morel and
 Right - Seti, Dahawar, Sarda, Budhi Ganga
Kalisil.
 Left - Bheri, Sarju, kuwana, Rapti, Chhoti Gandak
 ▪️ The Banas is a seasonal river that dries up during the
Par Tapi Narmada link project summer, but it is nonetheless used for irrigation.

 Envisioned under the 1980 National Perspective Plan Beas River

 The project proposes to transfer river water from the  The Beas River or Vipasha is a river in north India which
surplus regions of the Western Ghats to the deficit rises in the Himalayas from the Beas Kund Himachal
regions of Saurashtra and Kutch. Pradesh, India.

 It proposes to link three rivers  The Beas river joins the river Sutlej at Kapurthala district
of Punjab after a total course of 470 kilometres.
 Par, originating from Nashik in Maharashtra and flowing
through Valsad,

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 The chief tributaries of Beas river are Bain, Banganga,  The Tapti River (or Tapi) is a river in central India
Luni and Uhal. between the Godavari and Narmada river

 The Pong Dam, also known as the Beas Dam, is an  It originates near Multai in Madhya pradesh
earth-fill embankment dam on the Beas River in the state
 River Tapi flows through three states Madhya Pradesh,
of Himachal Pradesh
Maharashtra and Gujarat
 Harike Wetlands (Imp Ramsar site in Punjab) is located
 It is a Westward flowing river which drains into Arabian
near the Confluence of Beas - Sutlej River.
sea near Gulf of Khambhat.
Luni River
 Ukai Dam (second largest reservoir in Gujarat) is located
 It originates in the Pushkar valley of the Aravalli Range, on this river near Surat.
near Ajmer, passes through the southeastern portion of
 Tributaries : Ver river
the Thar Desert, and ends in the marshy lands of Rann
of Kutch in Gujarat. Kharkai River

 It is first known as Sagarmati, then after passing  The Kharkai River is a river in eastern India. It is one of
Govindgarh, it meets its tributary Saraswati, which the major tributaries of the Subarnarekha River.
originates from Pushkar Lake, and from then on it gets its
 It arises in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha, on the north
name Luni.
slopes of Darbarmela Parbat and the western slopes of
 The Luni is also known as the Lavanavari or Lavanavati, Tungru Pahar of the simlipal massif.
which means "salt river" in Sanskrit, due high salinity of
 It merges with Subarnarekha river in Northwestern
its water.
Jamshedpur.
 Tributaries :
 Iron ore is mined in the mountains of the headwaters of
 Its major tributaries are the Sukri, Mithri River, the Kharkai, and there is a steel plant at Jamshedpur.
Bandi, Khari, Jawai, Guhiya and Sagi from the left,
 The Kharkai Dam is located at Ichha, Odisha.
and the Jojari from the right.
Mahanadi River
 The dams in Luni river are:
 The Mahanadi River system is the third largest of
 Dantiwada dam
peninsular India and the largest river of Odisha state.
 Sipu dam
 Its basin extends over states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha
 Jaswant Sagar Dam - built in 1892 by Maharaja and comparatively smaller portions of Jharkhand,
Jaswant Singh.It is one of the largest artificial Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
lakes in India.
 It is bounded by the Central India hills, Eastern Ghats and
Tapi River by the Maikala range.

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 Origin: It rises from a place near Sihawa in Bastar hills in Brahmaputra River
the state of Chhattisgarh.
 The Brahmaputra, is a trans-boundary river which flows
 It drains into the Bay of Bengal. through Tibet, India and Bangladesh.
 Tributaries :  It is called as Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet and originates in
Angsi/Chemayungdung Glacier, Mansarovar.
 Left bank: The Seonath, the Hasdeo, the Mand
and Ib.  It is the ninth largest river and 15th longest river in the
world by discharge.
 Right bank Tributaries: The Ong, the Tel and the
Jonk  In the vast Ganges Delta, it merges with the Padma, the
popular name of the river Ganges in Bangladesh, and
 Puri, at one of its mouths, is a famous pilgrimage site.
finally, after merging with Padma, it becomes the Meghna
Kali River and from here, it flows as Meghna river before emptying
into the Bay of Bengal
 The Kali River also known as "Sharda River",
"Kutiyangdi" or "Mahakali River" is a Himalayan river.  Tributaries :

 Origin: The traditional source of Kali River is  Left - Dibang river, Dhansiri river, Lohit river and
LipmpiyaDhura in pithoragarh district of Uttarkhand. kolong river

 It flows along Nepal's western border with India.  Right - kameng river, Manas river, Teesta river,
Subansiri river.
 Kali River is joined by DhauliGanga in uttarkhand. It
unites with GoriGanga at Jauljibi town which is famous Falgu River
for its annual trade fair.
 The Phalgu or Falgu, a river that flows past Gaya, in
 Surging ahead on its course, the river crosses Bihar, is a sacred river for Hindus and Buddhists.
Uttarkhand and enters Uttar Pradesh where it merges
 The Phalgu is formed by the confluence, some 3
with Ghaghra river (tributary of Ganges).
kilometres below Bodh Gaya, of the Lilajan and the
 The river is also the source for a vital project, in Mohana, two large hill streams and merges into Punpun
Himalayan component of the Indian Rivers Inter-link river.
project.
 River Phalgu is of great significance for Both Hindus and
 Important projects : Tanakpur Hydro Electric Project, Buddhists.
Chameliya Hydro Electric Project.
 Hindus come here to make offering to souls of their
 The source of the Kali river has been a point of dispute ancestors, river also finds mentions in Ramayana and
between India and Nepal. Puranas

 The Kalapani region derives its name from the river Kali.  Before attaining the enlightenment, Buddha practiced
The River became the marker of the boundary of the ascetism on the banks of the river, hence place is known
kingdom of Nepal following the Treaty of Sugauli. as Bodh gaya.

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 ▪️ Lord Vishnu's Temple Vishnupad Mandir is situated on  Major part of the river lies in the Gujarat and important
the bank of Phalgu river which is a holy piligrimage site cities across the river Sabarmati are Ahmedabad and
for Hindus, all the prayers are performed here. Ghandhinagar.
Krishna River  Tributaries :
 The Krishna River is the fourth-biggest river in terms of  Right : Wakai river, Harnav river, Hathmati River,
water inflows and river basin area area, after the Ganga, watrak River.
Godavari and Brahmaputra.
 Left : Sei river
 Origin: Near Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra and flows
 The Dharoi Dam in Mehsana District is located on this
through Maharashtra, karnataka, Telangana and Andhra
river.
Pradesh.
 During India's independence struggle, Mahatma Gandhi
 It drains into Bay of Bengal in the state of Andhra
established Sabarmati Ashram as his home on the banks
Pradesh.
of this river.
 Tributaries :
Shyok River
 Left bank - Bhima, Musi, Munneru, Halia, Paleru,
 The Shyok River ('the river of death') is a tributary of the
Don River.
Indus River.
 Right bank - Ghatprabha, Malprabha,
 Shyok merges into Indus In Gilgit Baltistan, that flows
Tungabhadra, Koyna, Warna, Panchganga,
through northern Ladakh and enters Gilgit–Baltistan.
Venganga.
 The Shyok River originates at the Rimo Glacier, one of
 Important dams: Sirisailam dam, Nagarjuna Sagar dam,
the tongues of Siachen Glacier.
Prakasam barrage, Almatti dam.
 The Shyok Valley is the valley of the Shyok River situated
 Maharashtra and Karnataka CMs agreeing to jointly
in Ladakh, it is close to the Nubra Valley.
oppose Andhra Pradesh’s application seeking a relook at
the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal’s 2010 order on  Tributaries : Chang Chen Mon River, Galwan River,
water distribution. Nubra River, Saltoro River.
Sabarmati River Narmada river

 The Sabarmati river is one of the major west-flowing  The Narmada River, also called the Rewa and previously
rivers in India. also known as Nerbudda, is a river in central India after
the Godavari, and the Krishna.
 It originates in the Aravalli Range of the Udaipur District
of Rajasthan and meets the Gulf of Khambhat (Gujarat)  Narmada rises from Amarkantak Plateau near Anuppur
of Arabian Sea. district Madhya Pradesh.

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 It forms the traditional boundary between North India and  Besides the ecosystem services it provides, the river also
South India and flows westwards before draining through has historical value for the people of the state.
the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea.  It is mentioned extensively in Sangam Era literature.
 It Flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Siyom River
Maharashtra and Gujarat.
 The Siyom River is a right tributary of
 It is one of only three major rivers in peninsular India that the Brahmaputra (Dihang or Siang) in the Indian state
run from east to west (longest west flowing river), along of Arunachal Pradesh.
with the Tapti River and the Mahi River.  The Siyom rises on the south of the main ridge of
 To Hindus the Narmada is one of the seven holy rivers of the Assam Himalaya not far from the border with Tibet.
India; the other six being Ganges, Yamuna, Godavari, The Siyom initially flows in a southerly direction, later in
Saraswati, Sindhu, and Kaveri. an easterly and southerly direction through the West
Siang District.
 Famous Omkareshwar piligrimage is located on the  The Saje River is the most prominent of its several
banks of Narmada river. tributaries.
 The Mouling National Park is located on the east bank of
the river.
Neeru river or Neru river  The catchment area of the Siyom borders in the east,
 The river tributary of the Chenab River, beginning at north and northwest on that of the Yarlung Tsangpo and
the Sonbain Ashapati Glacier of the Bhaderwah and in the southwest on that of the Subansiri River.
joining the Chenab at Pul Doda in the Doda district.
 The Gupt Ganga temple of Bhaderwah is located on the
bank of this river. 351 polluted river stretches in India

Thamirabarani River  The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 2018

identified 351 polluted river stretches in India. The
 Thamiraparani or Tamraparni or Poruna is the only assessment of water quality for identification of polluted
perennial (continuous flow of water) river in Tamil Nadu. river stretches found that 31 states and Union territories
 This is the shortest river in the state, the Thamirabarani (UT) had rivers and streams that did not meet the water
starts in Pothigai hills of the Western Ghats in the quality criteria.
Ambasamudram taluk, flows through Tirunelveli and
Thoothukudi districts and empties at Korkai (Tirunelveli Maharashtra has the highest number of polluted river stretches
district) into the Gulf of Mannar (Bay of Bengal). (53), followed by Assam (44), Madhya Pradesh (22), Kerala
 It thus originates and ends in the same state. (21), Gujarat (20), Odisha (19), and West Bengal and Karnataka
 The river supports wildlife such as the Nilgiri marten, (17).
slender loris, lion-tailed macaque, white spotted bush The polluted rivers in Maharashtra are:
frog, galaxy frog, Sri Lankan Atlas moth and the great
hornbill.  Godavari

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 Kalu  Amba
 Kundalika  Bhatsa
 Mithi  Gomai
 Morna  Kan
 Mula  Manjeera
 Mutha  Panchganga
 Nira  Panzara
 Vel  Rangavali
 Bhima  Savitri
 Indrayani  Surya
 Mula-Mutha  Tansa
 Pawana  Ulhas
 Wainganga  Vaitarna
 Wardha  Vashisti
 Ghod
 Kanhan Assam has 44 polluted river stretches:
 Kolar (Mah)
 Krishna  Bharalu
 Mor  Borsola
 Patalganga  Deepar Bill
 Pedhi  Digboi
 Penganga  Kamalpur
 Purna  Panchnai Brahmaputra
 Tapi  Kharsang
 Urmodi  Pagldia
 Venna  Barak
 Waghur  Baroi Bega
 Wena  Beki
 Bindusar  Bhogdoi
 Bori  Boginadi
 Chandrabhaga  Borbeel
 Darna  BordoibamBeelmukh
 Girna  Burhidihing
 Hiwara  Dhansiri
 Koyna  Dikhow
 Pehlar  Dikrong
 Sina  Diplai
 Titur  Disang

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 Gabharu  Nagavalli
 Holudunga  Nuna
 Jai Bharali  Ratnachira
 Jhanji  Rushikulya
 Kalong  Sabulia
 Kapili  Serua
 Killing
 Kohora Kundu, Tungabhadra, Godavari, Krishna and Nagavali are the
 Kulsi polluted rivers in Andhra Pradesh; Sirsia, Farmar, Ganga,
 Malini Poonpun, Ram Rekha and Sikrahna in Bihar; Hasdeo,
 Mora Bharali Kharoon, Mahanadi, Seonath and Kelo rivers in Chhattisgarh;
 Parashali Damangang in Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
 Puthimari The Yamuna is the most polluted in national capital Delhi. In
 Ranga Goa, Sal, Mandovi, Talpona, Assonora, Bicholim, Chapora,
 Samaguri Khandepar, Sinquerim, Tiracol, Valvant, and Zuari are the most
 Sankosh polluted.
 Silsako
 Sorusola in Gujarat the polluted rivers are:
 Son
 Sonai  Amlakhadi
 Tenga  Bhadar
 Pukhuri  Bhogavo
 Khari
The polluted rivers in Odisha are:  Sabarmati
 Vishwamitri
 Gangua  Dhadar
 Guradih Nallah  Triveni
 Kathajodi  Amravati (Tributary Of Narmada)
 Nandirajhor  Damanganga
 Daya  Kolak
 Kuakhai  Mahi
 BanguruNallah  Shedhi
 Bheden  Tapi
 Brahamani  Anas
 Budhabalnaga  BalehwarKhadi
 Kusumi  Kim
 Mahanadi  Meshwa
 Mangala  Mindhola

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 Narmada  Tungabhadra
 Bhadra
The most polluted rivers in Himachal Pradesh are:  Cauvery
 Kabini
 Sukhana  Kagina
 Markanda  Kali
 Sirsa  Krishna
 Ashwani  Shimsha
 Beas  AsangiNalla
 Giri  Bhima
 Pabbar  Kumardhara
 Netravathi
In Jammu and Kashmir:  Tunga
 Yagachi
 Devika
 Banganga In Kerala the polluted rivers are:
 ChuntKol
 Gawkadal  Karamana
 Tawi  Bharathapuzha
 Basanter  Kadambayar
 Chenab  Keecheri
 Jhelum  Manimala
 Sindh  Pamba
 Bhavani
In Jharkhand:  Chitrapuzha
 Kadalundy
 Garga
 Kallai
 Sankh
 Karuvannur
 Subarnarekha
 Kavvai
 Damodar
 Kuppam
 Jumar
 Kuttiyady
 Konar
 Mogral
 Nalkari
 Periyar
 Peruvamba
In Karnataka:
 Puzhackal
 Arkavathi  Ramapuram
 Lakshmantirtha  Thirur
 Malprbha  Uppala

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The polluted rivers in Madhya Pradesh are:  Umkhrah
 Umshyrpi
 Chambal  Kyrhukhla
 Khan  Nonbah
 Kshipra  Umtrew
 Betwa  Lukha
 Sone  Myntdu
 Gohad
 Kolar In Mizoram:
 Tapi
 Bichia  Tiau
 Chamla  Tlawng
 Choupan  Tuipui
 Kalisot  Tuivawl
 Kanhan  Chite
 Katni  Mat
 Kunda  Saikah
 Malei  Tuikual
 Mandakini  Tuirial
 Newaj
 Parvati In Nagaland:
 Simrar
 Dhansiri
 Tons
 Dzuna
 Wainganga
 Chathe
In Manipur:  Dzu
 Dzucha
 Nambul  Sano
 Imphal
 Iril The polluted rivers in Punjab are Ghaggar, Satluj, Kali Bein and
 Khuga Beas; in Rajasthan Banas and Chambal; in Sikkim Maney
 Khujairok Khola, Rangit, Ranichu and Teesta; in Tamil Nadu Cauvery,
 Lokchao Sarabanga, Thirumanim Uthar, Vasista, Bhavani
 Manipur and Tambirapani; in Telangana Musi, Manjeera, Nakkavagu,
 Thoubal Karakavagu, Maner, Godavari, Kinnersani and Krishna;
 Wangjing in Tripura Burigaon, Gumti, Haora, Juri, Khowai and Manu.
The polluted rivers in Uttar Pradesh are:
In Meghalaya:

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 Hindon  Pilkhar
 Kalinadi
 Varuna In West Bengal:
 Yamuna
 Gomti  Vindhadhari
 Ganga  Mahananda
 Ramganga  Churni
 Betwa  Dwarka
 Ghaghara  Ganga
 Rapti  Damodar
 Sai  Jalangi
 Saryu  Kansi
 Mathabhanga
In Uttarakhand:  Barakar
 Dwarakeshwar
 Bhela  Kaljani
 Dhela  Karola
 Suswa  Mayurkashi
 Kichha  Rupnarayan
 Kalyani  Silabati
 Ganga  Teesta
 Kosi
 Nandour

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