EXPERIMENT-1

AIM: To prepare a pure sample of ferrous ammonium sulphate (Mohr’s salt) [FeSO4. (NH4)2SO4.
6H2O]

Materials Required : Ferrous sulphate, Ammonium sulphate , Dil. Sulphuric acid , Ethyl alcohol ,
Distilled water , Beakers , China dish , Funnel , Glass rod , Tripod stand ,
Wire gauze , Burner , Wash bottle , Measuring jar , Electronic balance
Procedure
> We’ll first take 7g ferrous sulphate 3.5g ammonium sulphate in a clean 250ml beaker.

>To this add about 2-3ml of dil.sulphuric acid to prevent the hydrolysis of ferrous sulphate.

>In another beaker, boil about 20ml of water for 5 minutes.

>Add the boiling hot water to the contents in the first beaker in small quantities at a time.

>Stir the contents of the beaker with a glass rod until the salts have completely dissolved.

>Filter the solution into a china dish.

> Now heat the solution in the china dish until its crystallisation point is reached. Then transfer
the solution into a crystallising dish and keep it undisturbed.

>On cooling, crystals of Mohr’s salt separate.

> Decant the mother liquor and wash the crystals with a small quantity of alcohol and then
dry the crystals by placing them between filter paper pads.

>Find the weight of the crystals.

RESULT:
1.Colour of the crystal: light green
 2.Shape of the crystal : Monoclinic

EXPERIMENT-2

AIM: To prepare M/20 Mohr’s salt solution and determine the molarity of given
potassium permanganate solution.

Materials Required : Electronic balance, Distilled water, dil sulphuric acid, conc, sulphuric acid,

testube, weighing bottle, potassium permanganate, 250 ml conical flask, tripod stand,

spatula, ferrous ammonium sulphate, 250 ml beaker, 250 ml standard flask, white tile,

Bunsen burner, 50 ml burette, glass rod, funnel, 10 ml pipette, wire gauze, burette stand.

Preparation of
M/20 Mohr’s salt solution
4.9gm of Mohr’s salt was weighed accurately. In a breaker to the salt 5 ml of Sulphuric acid

was added and then dissolved in minimum amount of water. With help of 250ml measuring

flask it was diluted up to

the mark. Now the solution is Mohr’s salt solution of volume 250 ml.
M
20

Procedure
>Take a burette and wash it with distilled water.

>Rinse and fill the burette with the given KMnO4 solution and set the initial burette reading.

>Clamp it vertically to the burette stand.

>Rinse the pipette with water and then with the given Mohr’s salt solution.

>Pipette out 10ml of the given Mohr’s salt solution into a conical flask and add

one test tube (~10ml) full of dil.H2SO4 into it.

>Titrate it against the KMnO4 solution taken in the burette till the colour of the

solution in the conical flask changes from colourless to light pink.

>Note down the final burette reading.

>Repeat the titration until concordant values are obtained.

Chemical equation
Ionic
MnO4– + 8 H+ + 5 e - Mn2+ + 4 H2O

2+ 3+ -
Fe Fe + e ]x

MnO4– + 8 H+ + 5 Fe 2+ Mn2+ + 5 Fe 3++ 4 H2O

Molecular

2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5 [ O ]

2 FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O + H2SO4 + [O] Fe2(SO4)3 + 2(NH4)2SO4 +13 H2O

}x5

2 KMnO4 + 8 H2SO4 +10 FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 5 Fe2(SO4)3

+10 (NH4)2SO4 + 68 H2O

INDICATOR:-KMnO4 is a self-indicator

END POINT :- Colourless to permanent pink colour[KMnO4 in burette ]

OBSERVATION
Molarity of Mohr’s salt solution = M
20

Volume of Mohr’s salt solution taken for each titration = 10 ml

Sl. Initial burette Final burette Volume of KMnO4 Remarks

No. reading reading used
1 0 10.4 10.4 10.4

2 10.4 20.5 10.1

3 20.5 30.6 10.1 10.1

4 30.6 40.7 10.1

Volume of KMnO4 used = ---10.1- ml

CALCULATION

Mohr’s salt solution Potassium permanganate solution

M1=1/20
M2 = ?

V1 =10 ml V2 = ……10.1…… ml

M 1V 1 5
M 2V 2 = 1
M2 = …0.01 M……….
1/20 x10 =5
Strength of KMnO4=0.01X158=1.58
M2x10.1 1 g/l

RESULT: The given KMnO4 having molarity = ……0.01 M

And strength is 1.58 g/l
Experiment - 03

Aim: - To prepare M oxalic acid solution and determine the molarity and strength of
50
given potassium
permanganate
solution

Materials Required : Electronic balance, Distilled water, dil sulphuric acid, conc, sulphuric acid, testube, weighing

bottle, potassium permanganate, 250 ml conical flask, tripod stand, spatula, Oxalic acid , 250 ml beaker, 250 ml

standard flask, white tile, Bunsen burner, 50 ml burette, glass rod, funnel, 10 ml pipette, wire gauze, burette

stand.

Preparation of M / 5 0 oxalic acid salt solution

0.63 gm of oxalic acid was weighed accurately. In a beaker the acid was dissolved in minimum amount of

distilled water and transferred to a 250 ml measuring flask with help of a funnel. It was diluted up to the

graduated mark on the flask.

Determination of strength of given KMnO4

> Take a burette and wash it with distilled water.

> Rinse and fill the burette with the given KMnO4 solution and set the initial burette reading .

> Clamp it vertically to the burette stand.

> Rinse the pipette with water and then with the given oxalic acid solution.

> Then pipette out 20ml of the given oxalic acid solution into a conical flask and add one test tube

(~20ml) full of dil.H2SO4 into it.

> Heat the contents of the conical flask to 60-70°C.

> Titrate it against the KMnO4 solution taken in the burette till the colour of the solution in the

conical flask changes from colourless to light pink.

> Note down the final burette reading.

> Repeat the titration until concordant values are obtained

Chemical equation
Ionic

MnO4– + 8 H+ + 5 e - Mn2+ + 4 H2O ] x 2

C2O42 – 2CO2 + 2 e – ] x 5

2 MnO4– + 16 H+ + 5 C 2O 42 – 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O + 10 CO2

Molecular
2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5 [ O ]

( COOH )2 .2 H2O + [O] 2 CO2 + 3 H2O ] x 5

2 KMnO4+ 3 H2SO4 + 5 ( COOH )2 .2 H2O K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 18 H2O + 10 CO2

INDICATOR:- KMnO4 is a self indicator

END POINT :- colourless to permanent pink colour [KMnO4 in burette ]

OBSERVATION:Molarity of Oxalic acid solution = M

50

Volume of Oxalic acid solution taken for each titration = 10 ml

Sl. Initial burette Final burette Volume of KMnO4 Remarks

No. reading reading used
1 0 8.5 8.5 8.5

2 8.5 16.5 8
8
3 16.5 24.5 8

4 24.5 32.5 8

Volume of KMnO4 used =……8.............................ml

CALCULATION

Oxalic acid solution Potassium permanganate solution

M1
M2 = ?
=1/50

V1 = 10 ml V2 = .....8...............ml

M1V1 5
M2V2 = 2
1
X 10___________5
50 =
M2 = 0.01 M
M2 X 8 2

The given KMnO4 having molarity = …0.01.............................M

STRENGTH OF THE GIVEN KMnO4 SOLUTION

Strength = Molarity X Molecular mass = 0.01 X 158 = 1.58 gm/ litre

RESULT:

The given potassium permanganate solution having the molarity …0.01……..M and

strength ……………1.58...............................g / L
EXPERIMENT - 04
AIM- To detect one cation and one anion radical from given salt
A. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
COLOUR- White and Crystalline – Cu++,Ni++,Fe+++, Fe++, Mn++, Co++ Ni++ absent
ODOUR- characteristic pungent smell- NH4+ may be present
SOLUBILITY- Soluble in water , Soluble in Dil. HCl
DRY HEATING TEST-
S.N. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Heat a pinch of salt in No redish brown gas NO3- absent
dry test tube Sublimation occurs No Halide may be present
crackling sound Pb(NO3)2 may be absent

B. TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICAL

S.N. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Dil H2SO4 test No effervasence of CO2 CO32- absent
Take a pinch of salt in a test No rotten egg smell of H2S S2- absent
tube add Dil No S02 gas ( turn K2Cr2O7 green) SO32- absent
H2SO4 No reddish Brown gas make
NO2- absent
FeSO4 solution black
2. Conc. H2SO4 test HCl gas (suffocating smell) Cl- may be present
Take a pinch of salt in a test Give white PPT with AgNO3
tube add Conc H2SO4 (soluble in NH4OH)
3. CONFIRMATORY TEST
a.To the salt solution add White PPT – soluble in NH4OH Cl- Confirm
conc HNO3 and AgNO3 soln
b.To the salt add MnO2 and
Conc H2SO4 and Cl2 gas evolves Cl- Confirm
heat .
Red vapours- add NaOH ( yellow Cl- Confirm
c.Salt + solid K2Cr2O7 +
solution obtained) add acetic acid
Conc H2SO4 & heat
& lead acetate - Yellow PPT
C. TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL
1. To the salt solution add Smell of ammonia NH4+ may be
NaOH solution and heat present
2. Bring a glass rod dipped in White fumes appears NH4+ may be
Dil HCl over the test tube present
3. Add Nessler’s reagent Brown PPT formed NH4+ confirm

RESULT- The given salt is NH4 Cl in which NH4+ is cation and Cl- as anion radical
. 3 EXPERIMENT - 05
AIM- To detect one cation and one anion radical from given salt
A. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
COLOUR- White and Crystalline – Cu++,Ni++,Fe+++, Fe++, Mn++, Co++ Ni++ absent
ODOUR- No characteristic pungent smell- NH4+ may be absent
SOLUBILITY- Soluble in water , Soluble in Dil. HCl
DRY HEATING TEST-
S.N. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
-
1 Heat a pinch of salt in Reddish brown gas NO3 may be present
dry test tube NO Sublimation occurs Halide may be absent
Crackling sound Pb(NO3)2 may be present

B. TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICAL

S.N. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
2-
1. Dil H2SO4 test No effervasence of CO2 CO3 absent
Take a pinch of salt in a test tube No rotten egg smell of H2S S2- absent
add Dil H2SO4 No S02 gas ( turn K2Cr2O7 green) SO32- absent
No reddish Brown gas make NO2- absent
FeSO4 solution black
-
2. Conc. H2SO4 test Take a pinch of NO2 gas (reddish brown)- turn NO3 may be
salt in a test tube add Conc H2SO4 FeSO4 solution black present
-
3. CONFIRMATORY TEST Reddish brown gas NO3 Confirm
a.To the salt solution add conc
H2SO4 and Cu chipps then heat.
b.To the salt solution add FeSO4
soln and Conc H2SO4 by the side -
of test tube . Dark brown ring NO3 Confirm
C. TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL
+
1. To the salt solution add NaOH No Smell of ammonia Zero group NH4
solution and heat absent
2. To the salt add dil HCl White PPT Pb++ may be
present
3. CONFIRMATORY TEST
To the above solution Yellow PPT formed Pb++ confirm
I. add KI soln (one part)
II. add K2CrO4 soln Yellow PPT formed Pb++ confirm

RESULT- The given salt is has Pb++ is cation and NO3- as anion radical.
EXPERIMENT - 06
AIM- To detect one cation and one anion radical from given salt
A. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
COLOUR- White and Crystalline – Cu++,Ni++,Fe+++, Fe++, Mn++, Co++ Ni++ absent
ODOUR- characteristic pungent smell- CH3COO- may be present
SOLUBILITY- Soluble in water , Soluble in Dil. HCl
DRY HEATING TEST-
S.N. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
-
B. 1 Heat a pinch of salt in No redish brown gas NO3 absent
dry test tube Sublimation not occurs Halide may be absent
No crackling sound Pb(NO3)2 may be absent
TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICAL
S.N. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Dil H2SO4 test No effervasence of CO2 CO32- absent
Take a pinch of salt in a test tube No rotten egg smell of H2S S2- absent
add Dil No S02 gas ( turn K2Cr2O7 green) SO32- absent
H2SO4 No reddish Brown gas make
FeSO4 solution black NO2- absent
2. Conc. H2SO4 test Colorless vapours of vinegar CH3COO-
Take a pinch of salt in a test tube smell (acetate) may be
add Conc H2SO4 present
3. CONFIRMATORY TEST Vinegar smell CH3COO-
To the solid salt add oxalic acid (acetate)
and 2-3 drops of water- Rub with Confirm
finger
ESTER TEST- To the salt CH3COO-
solution add ethanol and Conc Fruity smell of ester (acetate)
H2SO4 and heat Confirm
C. TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL
+
1. To the salt solution add NaOH No Smell of ammonia 4
Zero group NH
solution and heat absent
2. To the salt add dil HCl White PPT Pb++ may be
present
3. CONFIRMATORY TEST
To the above solution Yellow PPT formed Pb++ confirm
I. add KI soln (one part)
II. add K2CrO4 soln Yellow PPT formed Pb++ confirm

RESULT- The given salt is (CH3COO)2Pb in which Pb++ is cation and CH3COO- as
anion radical
EXPERIMENT N07

AIM- TO detect one cation and one anion radical from given salt.

A. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
COLOUR- White and Crystalline – Cu++,Ni++,Fe+++, Fe++, Mn++, Co++ Ni++ absent
ODOUR- No characteristic pungent smell- NH4+ may be absent
SOLUBILITY- Soluble in water , Soluble in Dil. HCl
Result- The given salt contains Ba ++ is cation and Cl-
as anion radical
EXPERIMENT NO-8
AIM- To detect one cation and one anion radical from given salt
C. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
COLOUR- White and Crystalline – Cu++,Ni++,Fe+++, Fe++, Mn++, Co++ Ni++ absent
ODOUR- characteristic pungent smell- NH4+ may be present
SOLUBILITY- Soluble in water , Soluble in Dil. HCl

Result- The given salt contains NH4+ as cation and SO42- as anion.
EXPERIMENT-9
EXPERIMENT NO- 10

AIM- To identify aldehyde and ketone from the given sample A and B.

Sl EXPERIMENT SAMPLEA SAMPLE B

no
1. Test for carbonyl Orange yellow ppt Orange yellow ppt
group – Add 1 ml of formed formed
sample add 2-3 ml of
2,4 DNP (dinitro
phenylhydrazine)
2 Test for aldehyde Red ppt formed No red ppt
group: Added 1ml
Fehling solution to
given organic
compound & heated
on water bath.
3 Added Tollen’s reagent Silver mirror on inside No silver mirror
to organic compound wall of the test tube
and warm it in water
bath
4 Added 1 ml sodium No red colour Red colour appeared
nitroprusside solution
to given organic
Compound & then
added NaOH solution
dropwise.

RESULT- The sample A is Aldehyde and B is ketone.

EXPERIMENT NO -11
EXPERIMENT NO-12
EXPERIMENT NO-13