Recent Trends and Developments in Political Geography
1. Geopolitical Shifts
- Rise of multipolar world: USA, China, India, EU, Russia are key players.
- Conflicts: Russia-Ukraine, Israel-Gaza, South China Sea.
- New alliances: QUAD, BRICS expansion, I2U2.
2. Use of Geospatial Technology
- GIS & Remote Sensing used in political decisions.
- Applications: Electoral boundaries, disputed territories, climate maps.
3. Electoral Political Geography
- Ethno-political voting patterns rising.
- Social media + data used in elections.
- Gerrymandering remains an issue.
4. Environmental Politics
- Climate migration, green borders, resource conflicts.
- Arctic & Antarctic geopolitics.
- Climate refugees as a new political issue.
5. Rise of Non-State Actors
- Groups like ISIS, Wagner, cyber hackers have geopolitical influence.
6. Urban Political Geography
- Focus on smart cities, urban voter trends.
- Political patterns within cities.
7. Economic Corridors
- China's BRI, India's SAGAR, IMEC change world maps.
- Infrastructure equals influence.
8. Identity & Territory
- Regionalism & identity politics (Scotland, Catalonia, Kashmir, Palestine).
9. Cyber & Digital Borders
- Cybersecurity, data flows, digital surveillance.
- India's data localization, China's firewall.
10. Globalization vs De-globalization
- From global unity to economic nationalism post-COVID.
Mnemonic to Remember: "GEO-POLITIC"
- Geopolitical shifts, Elections, Organizations, Ports, Online, Local identity, Infrastructure, Tech,
Immigration, Cities.