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Factors and Multiples

The document explains the concepts of factors and multiples, defining factors as numbers that divide a given number exactly and multiples as numbers obtained by multiplying a given number with natural numbers. It outlines properties of both factors and multiples, including that every number is a multiple of itself and 1 is a factor of every number. Additionally, it introduces perfect numbers and distinguishes between even and odd numbers based on divisibility by 2.

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Nithya Sri
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115 views2 pages

Factors and Multiples

The document explains the concepts of factors and multiples, defining factors as numbers that divide a given number exactly and multiples as numbers obtained by multiplying a given number with natural numbers. It outlines properties of both factors and multiples, including that every number is a multiple of itself and 1 is a factor of every number. Additionally, it introduces perfect numbers and distinguishes between even and odd numbers based on divisibility by 2.

Uploaded by

Nithya Sri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Factors and Multiples: Grasp it

Factors:  A number is said to be a


A factor of a given number is a number that divides multiple of any of its factors.
the given number exactly . So,when two ?(or more)
The number 8 can be written as : number are multipled ,then each
8= 1 × 8, 8=2 × 4 number is a factor of the
Each of the numbers 1,2,4 and 8 divides 8 product and the product is a
exactly.so 1,2,4 and 8 are factors of 8. multiple of each of the
Lets us now find the factors of 10 numbers.
10= 1 × 10, 10= 2 × 5  The smallest multiple of any
So 1,2,5 and 10 are factors of 10. number is the number itself.
Multiples:  The smallest factor of any
A multiple of a given number is a number that is number is 1 and the biggest
factor is the number itself.
obtained by multiplying the given number with any
natural number.
Recall the multiplication table of 2.When 2 is multiplied with 1,2,3,4 and so on. We obtain the
table of 2. The products 2,4,6,8 and so on,
are the multiples of 2.The 1st multiple of 2 is 1x2= 2, the 2nd multiple of 2 is 2x2=4 and so on.
For example ,the 4th multiple of 6 is 6x4=24 and 3rd multiple of 9 is 9x3=27.
We can have infinite multiples of a number, that is, there is no largest multiple of a number.

Properties of multiples:
1. Every number is a multiple of itself.For example,9 is a multiple of 9.(9x1=9)
2. Every number is a multiple of 1. For example ,8 is a multiple of 1.(1x8=8)
3. Every multiple of a number is either greater than or equal to the given number.For
example, multiple of 3 are 3,6,9,12,15 and so on.
Every multiple of 3 is equal to or greater than 3.
4. A number has an uncountable number of multiples.
For example,multiples of 2 are 2,4,6,8,10,12 and so on.

Properties of Factors:
1. 1 is a factor of every number.For example, 1is a factor of 7,8 or 78.(7÷1=7),(8÷1=8),
(78÷1=78).
2. Every non zero number is a factor of itself.For example, 6 is a factor of 6(6÷6=1).
3. Every factors of a number is either less than or equal to the given number.
4. A number has a countable number of factors. For example,factors 212,are 1,2,4,53,106
and 212. So ,the number of factors of 212 is 6.
Perfect Number :
A number is said to be a perfect number if the sum of all its factor is equal to twice the number.
For example, 6 and 28 are perfect numbers.
Factors of 6:1,2,3 and 6
sum of factors : 1+2+3+6=12
Twice os 6: 2 x 6=12.
Even and odd numbers:
Numbers that are dividible by 2 are called Even numbers. Even number always have 0,2,4,6,8
at their ones place. For example , 2,6,10,52,88,384,766 and 1022 are even numbers. Number
that are not divisible by 2 are called Odd numbers. Odd numbers always have 1,3,5,7,9 at their
ones place. For example, 3,9,17,45,81,297,883 and 2199 are odd numbers.

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