3 is a factor of 12 → 12 is divisible by 3

12 / 3 = 4 R0

4 is a factor of 12 → 12 is divisible by 4
12 / 4 = 3 R0

FACTOR OF A NUMBER m: → a number that multiplied by another gives you exactly m.

→ the number that divides m exactly (with remainder 0).
Example:
4 is a factor of 24 because 4 x 6 = 24
because 24 / 4 = 6 R0

10 is a factor of 30 because 10 x 3 = 30
because 30 / 10= 3 R0

3 is a factor of 6 because 3 x 2 = 6
because 6 / 3 = 2 R0
MULTIPLE OF b: numbers that are a result of some multiplication by b. (Todos los números
cuyo factor es b)
Examples:
Multiples of 3 are: 3 because 3 = 3 x 1
6 because 6 = 3 x 2
9 because 9 = 3 x 3
12 because 12 = 3 x 4
15 because 15 = 3 x 5

Multiples of 5 are: 5 because 5 = 5 x 1

10 because 10 = 5 x 2
15 because 15 = 5 x 3
20 because 20 = 5 x 4

8 is a multiple of 4 because 8 = 4 x 2
30 is a multiple of 3 because 30 = 3 x 10
Same meaning
3x2=6
3 is a factor of 6 6 is a multiple of 3 6 is divisible by 3
6 has 3 as a factor 3 divides 6 exactly
2 is a factor of 6 6 is a multiple of 2 6 is divisible by 2

10 x 3 = 30
10 is a factor of 30 30 is a multiple of 10 30 is divisible by 10
30 has 10 as a factor 10 divides 30 exactly
3 is a factor of 30 30 is a multiple of 3 30 is divisible by 3

PROPERTIES OF FACTORS and multiples

1) Every number (except 1) has AT LEAST 2 factors, 1 and itself.
Example:
1 and 5 are factors of 5.
1x5 =5

1 and 17 are factors of 17.

1 x 17 = 17

1 and 8 are factors of 8.

1x8=8
2) All factors of a number are less than or equal to the number itself.
3) All multiples of a number are greater than or equal to the number itself.

PRIME NUMBERS: all numbers that have ONLY 2 factors, 1 and itself.
COMPOSITE NUMBERS: all numbers that ARE NOT prime (have more factors than 1 and
themselves).
Example:
All factors of 2: 1 , 2 it has only 2 factors, 1 and itself
2 is a prime number

All factors of 4: 1, 2, 4 it has 3 factors

4 is a composite number

All factors of 6: 1, 2, 3, 6 it has 4 factors

6 is a composite number

All factors of 7: 1, 7 it has only 2 factors, 1 and itself

7 is a prime number

List of prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 , 29 , 31 , 37 , 41, 43, 47, 53 …
2 IS A FACTOR TEST → number is divisible by 2
If a number is EVEN (ends in 0, 2 , 4, 6, 8) → 2 is a factor of the number.
If a number is ODD (doesn’t end in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) → 2 IS NOT a factor of the number.
Example:
2 is a factor of 8 because 8 is even.
2 is a factor of 32 because 32 is even.
2 is not a factor of 5 because 5 is odd.
2 is not a factor of 21 because 21 is odd.

3 IS A FACTOR TEST → number is divisible by 3

If the sum of the digits of a number is a multiple of 3 → 3 is a factor of the number
If the sum of the digits of a number IS NOT a multiple of 3 → 3 IS NOT A factor of the number
Example:
3 is not a factor of 17 because 1 + 7 = 8 IS NOT a multiple of 3.
3 is a factor of 15 because 1 + 5 = 6 is a multiple of 3.
3 is a factor of 27 because 2 + 7 = 9 is a multiple of 3
3 is not a factor of 124 because 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 IS NOT a multiple of 3
3 is a factor of 126 because 1 + 2 + 6 = 9 is a multiple of 3

5 IS A FACTOR TEST → number is divisible by 5

If a number ends in 0 or 5 → 5 is a factor of the number
If a number DOES NOT end in 0 or 5 → 5 IS NOT a factor of the number
Example:
5 is not a factor of 29 because 29 ends in 9.
5 is a factor of 30 because 30 ends in 0.
5 is a factor of 45 because 45 ends in 5.
5 is not a factor of 36 because 36 ends in 6.

10 IS A FACTOR TEST → number is divisible by 10

If a number ends in 0 → 10 is a factor of the number.
If a number DOES NOT end in 0 → 10 IS NOT a factor of the number.