People's Democratic Republic Of
Algeria Ministry Of Higher
Education And Scientific
Research Kasdi Merbah Ouargla University Faculty Of
Hydrocarbons And Renewable Energies And Earth And
Universe Sciences Drilling And Mcp Department
Module: Electrical Control
Level: 2nd MCP
Group: 02
Wind power plant
Under the supervision professor:
khantout
Members:
Lekbir Samara
Medjaheri Narimane
Laouar Ayoub
Mamrine Abdelhamid
School year:2024/2025
Research plan:
1. Introduction…………………………….1
2. Definition of wind power station…………2
3. What are wind power plants? (Wind
turbine)..2
4. Components of wind power plant…..3
5. Working of wind power plant….4
6. Types of wind power plant………..5
7. Application of wind power plant……….7
8. Site selection for wind power plant……..7
9. Advantages and disadvantages of wind
power plant………..8
10.Wind data and energy estimation……..9
11.Wind power generation using wind
energy......10
12.Conclusion……10
13.Sources…..11
1. Introduction:
Have you ever seen fans rotating by themselves due to
the
moving wind? This concept is called wind power as the
flow of wind makes the blades of the turbines rotate.
From this rotating kinetic energy, we can obtain
mechanical energy.
Further, this energy is converted into electrical energy.
Wind power plants are the collection of all the wind
turbines or
windmills located in that area. These turbines are
connected to a common station called the Wind power
plant. Wind
power plants, also known as wind farms, are facilities
that
use wind turbines to convert the kinetic energy of the
wind into electrical energy. These plants are a source
of renewable energy and help reduce greenhouse
gas emissions.
1.
2.Definition of wind power station:
Wind Power Plant: Wind power is a sustainable and renewable energy
source that efficiently converts wind energy into electricity. Wind
turbines, resembling airplane wings or helicopter rotor blades, utilize the
aerodynamic force from the rotor blades to generate electricity. Clustered
in wind farms across large areas, these turbines harness the kinetic energy
of moving air and convert it into rotational energy through the spinning of
the blades. This rotational energy is then transferred to a generator via a
shaft, producing electrical energy. Wind plants can be situated on land or
offshore, and they can also be hybrid plants incorporating other sources
like solar energy. With minimal environmental impact compared to fossil
fuel burning, wind power offers clean and valuable investment for a
sustainable future.
3.What are wind power plants? (Wind turbine):
Wind Power plants are a collection of wind turbines either horizontal or
vertical type. These turbines collect the energy individually and are
connected to a common plant. The wind turbine is also similar to the
normal turbine, as it converts kinetic energy into mechanical energy. And
they are designed in such a way that the height and length of the blades
are maintained at some ratio. Among all the power plants Wind plant is
one of the major plants with more than 20 years of life span. It usually
requires maintenance every six months. The overall efficiency of a Wind
turbine power plant is 20% - 40%.
2.
4.Components of wind power plant:
Blades: are usually made of fiberglass or balsa wood. Most
turbines have either two or three blades.
Rotor: It includes the blades and the hub together. The
blades spin the rotor, which is attached to a shaft that
transfers the torque it creates into the gearbox. The rotor
provides pitch regulation for power output optimization
and control. Its speed is variable to maximize
aerodynamic efficiency.
Pitch: turns blades out of the wind to control the rotor
speed and keep the rotor from turning in winds that are
too high or too low to produce electricity.
Brake: is a disc that can be applied aerodynamically,
electrically, or hydraulically to stop the rotor in
emergencies. A brake shuts down the turbine if the winds
become strong enough to impact the turbine's internal
components.
Low-Speed Shaft: The rotor turns the low-speed shaft at
about 15 to 30 rotations per minute.
Gear box: connect the low-speed shaft to the high-speed
shaft and increases the rotational speeds from about 15 to
30 rotations per minute (rpm) to about 1000 to 1800 rpm,
the rotational speed required by most generators
(alternators) to produce electricity. This is an expensive
and heavy part of wind turbines.
Generator: is usually an induction generator that produces
50-cycle AC electricity.
Controller: starts up the machine at wind speeds of about
8 to 16 miles per hour (mph) and shuts off the machine at
about 55 mph. Turbines do not operate at wind speeds
above about 55 mph because that might damage them.
Anemometer: It measures the wind speed and transmits
the data to the controller. The controller then corrects the
turbine's direction, pitch, and yaw to best harvest the
available wind energy.
3.
Wind vane: measures wind direction and communicate
with the yaw drive to orient the turbine properly with
respect to the wind.
Nacelle: sits at the top of the tower and contains the gear
box, low- and high-speed shafts generator, controller, and
brake. It is essentially the cover for the machinery that
translates wind power into electrical power.
High-Speed Shaft: Drives the generator Yaw drive in
upward turbines face into the wind. The yaw drive keeps
the rotor facing into the wind as the wind direction
changes. Downwind turbines don’t require a yaw drive;
the wind blows the rotor downwind Yaw Motor powers the
yaw drive
Tower: is usually made from tubular steel, concrete, or
steel
Lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller
towers enable turbines to capture more energy and generate
more electricity.
5.Working of wind power plant:
So, how does a wind turbine work? The wind turbine works
on the principle of conversion of kinetic energy of wind to
mechanical energy used to rotate the blades of a fan
connected to an electric generator. When the wind or air
touches the blades (or) vanes of the windmill it the air
pressure can be uneven, higher on one side of the blade
and
4.
lower on the other. Hence, uneven pressure causes the
blades to spin around the center of the turbine. The
turbine does not operate at wind speeds above 55 mph
with the use of the controller.
The rotor shaft of the turbine (i.e., low speed and high
speed) is interlinked with the gearbox which converts the
speed from 30 to 60 rpm into 1000 to 1800 rpm. As the
gearbox consists of gears, to transmit mechanical energy.
These speeds are most suitable to the generator for the
generation of electricity. When the rotor of the turbine
rotates it drives a generator through a setup gearbox
causing the generator to produce electrical energy.
Windmills are available in size from 100 KW to 36 MW
mainly used off-shore now the engineers are designing 10
MW of the wind turbine.
6.Types of wind power plant:
There are two types of wind turbines
• Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT)
• Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)
5.
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT):
These turbines resemble windmills, with the tip of the
shaft pointing in the direction of the wind. Smaller
turbines are steered by wind vanes mounted on the
building since they must face the wind. Wind sensors and
servos are used with larger turbines to turn them.
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)
Mounted on the vertical shaft is the main root. This gets
rid of the problems with horizontal wind turbines. As they
require more space and are difficult to install. The
subtypes consist of
• Darius Type turbine
• Savonious Type Turbine
The above figure shows different types of Wind turbines.
6.
7.Application of wind power plant:
• They provide electricity for rural areas with limited grid
connectivity.
• Wind power plants power industrial applications, reducing
reliance on fossil fuels.
• They can be integrated with other renewable sources for
hybrid energy systems.
• Wind power plants support off-grid installations and
emergency power needs.
• They offer environmental benefits by reducing air pollution
and preserving natural resources.
8.Site selection for wind power plant :
The following are the main factors to be considered for
the selection of the site for installing windmills, The site
selected should have the wind forms persist strongly at
all times. The suitable wind speeds are between 7 m/sec
and 30 m/sec.
The site for windmills should be at a high altitude because
the wind tends to have higher velocities at higher
altitudes. Example: At 10 meters altitude the efficiency is
20-25 % and at a 60-meter altitude, its efficiency lies 30-
60 %.
• The cost of the land should be low and the ground
conditions at the site should be suitable for
installation.
• The site selected should be nearer to the users of
generated electrical energy.
• The site selected should be free from environmental
conditions such that the turbine blades should not be
affected.
• The site selected should be nearer to the transport
facilities such as road and railway.
7.
9.Advantages and disadvantages of wind power
plant :
Till now we have discussed the concepts let's have a look
over the Advantages and disadvantages of Wind power
plants
Advantages of Wind power Plant:
Wind power is pollution free and it is a free source of
energy
• Suitable for small, remote domestic applications
• Cost of generation of power is cheap
• A successful strategy for supplying energy to rural
places
Disadvantages of wind power plant
• Wind power technology requires a higher investment
than fossil-fueled generators
• Wind is intermittent and it does not always blow when
electricity is needed.
• Suitable areas of wind farms are often near the coast,
where land is expensive
• Good wind sites are often located in remote locations,
far away from cities where the electricity is needed.
• It can affect television reception if you live nearby
• Wind resource development may compete with other
uses for the land and those alternative uses may be
more highly valued than electricity generation
• There are some problems such as noise produced by
the rotor blades, aesthetic (visual) impacts, and
sometimes birds have been killed by flying into the
rotors.
• It is liable to be affected by natural conditions such as
weather and has large output variations.
8.
10. Wind data and energy estimation:
Wind Data and Energy Estimation: The wind velocity
at any location varies continuously and the variation is
irregular in terms of period and amplitude. Therefore, the
duration (scale of the periods) is an important
consideration in the design. The data based on the scale
of the hour (ie., mean speed over a one-hour interval) is
useful for the mechanical aspect of design. In addition to
the data on the hourly mean velocity, the other
information required is:
• Spells of low wind speeds - For providing storage
or alternates
• Gusts for structural design- To provide safety
measurements against damage.
Surface wind data on a national or regional basis is usually
presented in the form of:
Isovents: Contours of constant average wind velocity, in
m/s. This data is presented in the form of a wind mop in
which the mean annual velocity zones are marked
Isodynes: Contours of constant wind power, in watts/m²
this data is represented in the form of maps showing the
available yearly average wind power.
Energy estimation: In a wind power plant the computing
energy is the anticipated output of the facility based on
variables including wind speed, air density, wind turbine
efficiency, and turbine blade design. This estimation
supports the losses caused by elements like friction and
turbulence and accounts for the variation in wind speed
over a year. The predicted energy output helps with
project
9.
planning and funding decisions as well as predicting how
well the wind power facility will perform.
11. Wind power generation using wind energy:
This rotational motion drives a generator, producing clean
and renewable electricity. Wind power generation offers
numerous benefits, including reducing greenhouse gas
emissions, mitigating climate change, and enhancing
energy sustainability.
12. Conclusion:
A wind power plant is a sustainable and efficient source of
renewable energy that harnesses wind to generate
electricity. It offers numerous environmental benefits,
such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and
dependence on fossil fuels. Wind power is also cost-
effective in the long run, with low operational and
maintenance costs.
However, challenges include high initial investment,
intermittent energy generation, and potential impacts on
wildlife and landscapes. Despite these limitations,
advancements in technology are improving efficiency and
storage solutions, making wind energy a key player in the
transition to clean and sustainable energy worldwide.
10.
13. Sources
• Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 2013
• https://testbook.com/amp/electrical-engineering/wind-power-plantand-its-
working
• https://www.repsol.com/en/energy-and-the-future/future-of-theworld/wind-
farms/index.cshtml
• https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/how -do-wind-turbines-work
11.
