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Module Rate of Change

This module explains the concept of rate of change in calculus, detailing how one quantity changes in relation to another through average and instantaneous rates. It covers definitions, types of rate of change (positive, negative, zero, and instantaneous), and real-life applications. The module also includes assessment questions to reinforce understanding of the topic.

Uploaded by

DAVE ANDREW AMOSCO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • bank balance,
  • answer key,
  • calculus applications,
  • savings growth,
  • constant speed,
  • positive rate of change,
  • motion examples,
  • quantitative relationships,
  • graph interpretation,
  • average rate of change
103 views5 pages

Module Rate of Change

This module explains the concept of rate of change in calculus, detailing how one quantity changes in relation to another through average and instantaneous rates. It covers definitions, types of rate of change (positive, negative, zero, and instantaneous), and real-life applications. The module also includes assessment questions to reinforce understanding of the topic.

Uploaded by

DAVE ANDREW AMOSCO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • bank balance,
  • answer key,
  • calculus applications,
  • savings growth,
  • constant speed,
  • positive rate of change,
  • motion examples,
  • quantitative relationships,
  • graph interpretation,
  • average rate of change

CHAPTER

6.3
This module helps you understand how rate of change, a key concept
in calculus, is used to describe how one quantity changes in relation to
another. It guides you in computing both average and instantaneous rates of
change using graphical, numerical, and analytical methods. This module is
designed to help you connect these mathematical ideas to real-world
applications.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define and explain rate of change;

2. Differentiate the types of rate of change; and

3. Apply the concept of rate of change to solve real-life problems.

INTRODUCTION

In calculus, the rate of change describes how one quantity changes in


relation to another. It is a foundational concept used to study motion,
economics, biology, and other real-world phenomena. The rate of change
helps us understand how quickly or slowly something changes over time or
another variable.

DISCUSSION

Definition of Rate of Change

Rate of change is defined as the ratio of the change in the dependent


variable (y) to the change in the independent variable (x):

Rate of Change = (Change in y) / (Change in x)

Example: A car moves from 40 km to 100 km in 2 hours.

The rate of change is

(100 - 40) / 2 = 30 km/hour.


Diagram: The average rate of change is the slope of the secant line between
two points.

TYPES OF RATE OF CHANGE

1. Positive Rate of Change

A positive rate of change occurs when the dependent variable increases as


the independent variable increases. In a graph, this is shown by a line that
rises from left to right.

Example: A person's savings increasing over time.

Illustration: A straight line with a positive slope indicating increase.


2. Negative Rate of Change

A negative rate of change happens when the dependent variable decreases


while the independent variable increases. In a graph, this is represented by a
line that falls from left to right.

Example: The amount of fuel in a tank decreasing over time.

Illustration: A straight line with a negative slope indicating decrease.

3. Zero Rate of Change

A zero rate of change indicates that the dependent variable remains constant
even as the independent variable changes. In a graph, this is shown by a
horizontal line.

Example: A parked car’s distance from home remains constant over time.
Illustration: A flat horizontal line representing no change.

4. Instantaneous Rate of Change

The instantaneous rate of change measures how fast a function is changing


at a particular point. It is the slope of the tangent line and is calculated using
derivatives.

Example: The speed of a car at exactly 5 seconds.

Illustration: The slope of a tangent line to a curved graph at a point.


ASSESSMENT

Answer the following questions:

1. What is a positive rate of change? Provide a real-life example.

2. Describe a situation with a zero rate of change.

3. A person’s bank balance drops from PHP 10,000 to PHP 4,000 in 3


months. What is the rate of change?

4. Is the graph of y = 5 a constant, positive, or negative rate of change?


Explain.

5. Find the instantaneous rate of change of f(x) = x² at x = 4.

ANSWER KEY

1. When both variables increase. Example: Income increasing with hours


worked.

2. A car stopped at a red light—its speed stays the same (zero).

3. (4000 - 10000) / 3 = -6000 / 3 = -2000 per month

4. Zero rate of change because the graph is a horizontal line.

5. f'(x) = 2x → f'(4) = 8

REPORTER: ELAINE D. GONGON MAED- TM

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