Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS
Batangas City

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CIVIL ENGINEERING Pre-board Examination

Wednesday, April 02, 2025 12:00 nn. – 05:00 p.m.
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PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL AND DESIGN

INSTRUCTION: Write the correct answer for each of the following questions. Box only the answer for
each item rounded off to THREE DECIMAL PLACES.
STRICTLY NO CHEATING.

NOTE: A times B is represented by AxB or A*B. A raised to the power n is expressed as A^n.

Situation 1 – Refer to FIGURE MECH-01.

The figure shows a pellet about to be fired from a sling. The total unstretched length of the rubber
band is 60 mm. The rubber band elongates l mm for every l5N force.
1. As the pellet is about to be released, how much is the total elongation (mm) in the rubber band?
A. 169.34 C. 143.96
B. 338.68 D. 284.92
2. What is the force exerted on each leg of the rubber band, in Newtons?
A. 1079.71 C. 1709.17
B. 539.355 D. 854.585
3. What is the pulling force P, in Newtons?
A. 2117.48 C. 2017.48
B. 1058.74 D. 1008.74

Situation 2 – Refer to FIGURE MECH-02.

The towers at the opposite side of the river supports the load W = 50 kN as shown in the figure below.
The distance L = 20 m and the sag d = 1.5 m.
4. At what distance from A should the load be positioned such that the tensions in AC and BC are
equal, in meters?
A. 5 C. 10
B. 15 D. 12
5. If x1 = 5 m, what is the tension in segment BC, in kN?
A. 130.50 C. 120.45
B. 128.36 D. 125.62
6. If x1 = 5 m, what is the total length of the cable, in meters?
A. 20.375 C. 20.925
B. 21.025 D. 20.985

Situation 3 – Refer to FIGURE MECH-03.

For the truss shown in the Figure below, s = 1.5 m, H = 3 m, P1 = 13 kN and P2 = 6.5 kN.
7. Find the reaction at B, in kN.
A. 14.53 C. 16.32
B. 31.65 D. 25.14
8. If an additional vertical load of W = 27.5 is applied at D, find the reaction at B, in kN.
A. 32.65 C. 20.36
B. 28.28 D. 35.85
9. If an additional vertical load of W = 27.5 kN is applied at D, what will be the axial force in
member CD, in kN?
A. 22.5 C. 20.4
B. 29.6 D. 27.5

Situation 4 – Refer to FIGURE MECH-04.

The flagpole is braced by three cables as shown. The resultant of the tensile forces T1, T2, T3, is
570 kN and acts along the vertical axis.
10. What is value of tensile force W?
A. 134 C. 285
B. 210 D. 100
11. What is value of tensile force T2?
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A. 134 C. 285
B. 210 D. 100
12. What is value of tensile force T3?
A. 134 C. 285
B. 210 D. 100

Situation 5 – Refer to FIGURE MECH-05.

For the shaded area in the given figure:
13. Which of the following gives the area?
A. 23.46 C. 24.36
B. 26.43 D. 22.34
14. Which of the following gives the x-coordinate of centroid?
A. -0.81 C. -0.18
B. 0.81 D. 0.18
15. Which of the following gives the y-coordinate of centroid?
A. 1.57 C. 2.16
B. 1.75 D. 2.61

Situation 6 – Refer to FIGURE MDB-01.

The compound bar, composed of the three segments shown, is initially stress free. Compute the stress
in each material if the temperature drops 25°C. Assume that the walls do not yield and use the
following data:
A (mm^2) α (x10^6 /oC) E (GPa)
Bronze segment 2000 19.0 83
Aluminum segment 1400 23.0 70
Steel segment 800 11.7 200
16. Compute the stress in the bronze bar.
A. 31.6 (T) C. 13.6 (T)
B. 31.6 (C) D. 13.6 (C)
17. Compute the stress in the aluminum bar.
A. 45.1 (T) C. 54.1 (T)
B. 45.1 (C) D. 54.1 (C)
18. Compute the stress in the steel bar.
A. 79.0 (T) C. 97.0 (T)
B. 79.0 (C) D. 97.0 (C)

Situation 7 – A wooden log is to be used as a foot bridge to a span of 2m gap. The log is to support
a concentrated load of 27 KN.
Allowable shear stress = 1.2 MPa
Allowable bending stress = 6.3 MPa
19. What is the diameter of the log needed for maximum shear?
A. 200 C. 300
B. 280 D. 100
20. Find the diameter of the log needed so that the allowable bending stress is not exceeded.
A. 200 C. 300
B. 280 D. 100
21. A l50 mm wide rectangular log is to be used instead of a circular log. What is the required minimum
depth of the log?
A. 200 C. 300
B. 280 D. 100

Situation 8 – Refer to FIGURE MDB-02.

The barge shown supports w1 = 145 kN/m and w2 = 290 kN/m. If L1 = 3 m, L2 = 6 m, and L3 = 3 m:
22. What is the length (in meters) of the barge L so that the upward pressure is uniform?
A. 15 C. 20
B. 12 D. 18
23. What is the shear (kN) at 3 m from the left end?
A. -162 C. -194
B. -151 D. -174
24. At what distance from the left end will the shear in the barge be zero?
A. 4 C. 5
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B. 5.5 D. 4.5

Situation 9 – Refer to FIGURE MDB-03.

The bolt shown in the figure is subjected to a total tensile force of 70 kN.
25. Determine the tensile stress in the body of the bolt, in MPa.
A. 68.65 C. 55.42
B. 61.72 D. 76.35
26. Determine the tensile stress at the root of the bolt, in MPa.
A. 96.54 C. 87.04
B. 82.14 D. 101.25
27. Determine the compressive load stress at the head as the bolt bears on the surface to resist the
load, in MPa.
A. 34.22 C. 35.29
B. 32.15 D. 38.63

Situation 10 – Refer to FIGURE MDB-04.

The shaft is made of A992 steel (G = 75 GPa) and has an allowable shear stress 75 MPa and the allowable
angle of twist of gear A relative to C is 0.03 rad. When the shaft is rotating at 300 rpm, the motor
at C supplies 8 kW of power, while gears A and B withdraw 5 kW and 3 kW, respectively.
28. Determine the torque in motor C.
A. 254.7 C. 245.7
B. 159.2 D. 195.2
29. Determine the torque in gear A.
A. 254.7 C. 245.7
B. 159.2 D. 195.2
30. Determine the required diameter of the shaft, in mm.
A. 24 C. 28
B. 26 D. 30

Situation 11 – Refer to FIGURE TOS-01.

The idealized model for a suspension bridge is shown. The trusses are pin connected at D, on hinged
support at C, and on roller support at E. The parabolic cable is supported on towers AC and BE. s =
4.3 m; y1 = 4.0 m; y2 = 2.0 m; y3 = 6.0 m; P1 = 18.6 kN; P2 = 162.8 kN
31. Determine the vertical reaction at pin C, in kN.
A. 3.29 C. 1.23
B. 4.65 D. 5.88

Situation 12 – Refer to FIGURE TOS-02.

A continuous beam is loaded in the figure:
32. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at B?
A. -148 C. -126
B. -112 D. -136
33. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at A?
A. 103.00 C. 93.75
B. 104.25 D. 78.84
34. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at C?
A. 13.00 C. 6.00
B. 14.25 D. 9.67

Situation 13 – Refer to FIGURE TOS-03.

A car hit a tubular steel post at B. The post is fixed to the ground at A.
Given:
Force from the car, P = 175 KN
Section of the post = 300 mm x 300 mm
Thickness of the Post = 12 mm, Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200 GPa, H1 = 1.5 m, H2 = 1.0 m
35. How much is the deflection (mm) at point B?
A. 7.25 C. 5.15
B. 6.20 D. 2.45
36. What is the displacement (mm) at point C?
A. 29.3 C. 10.3
B. 15.0 D. 28.6
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37. What is the resulting maximum bending stress (MPa)?

A. 350 C. 376
B. 206 D. 112

Situation 14 – Refer to FIGURE TOS-04.

Identify the following:
38. Classify the structure’s determinacy.
A. Indeterminate (First deg) C. Unstable
B. Indeterminate (Second deg) D. Determinate
39. Classify the structure’s determinacy.
A. Indeterminate (First deg) C. Unstable
B. Indeterminate (Second deg) D. Determinate

Situation 15 – Refer to FIGURE RCD-01.

A 600 mm by 600 mm tied column is to be reinforced by 20 mm bars distributed equally along the two
opposite faces. It is to carry a factored axial compressive load of 1350 kN and a factored moment of
540 kN-m. Use f’c = 28 MPa and fy = 420 MPa. Effective cover to centroid of rebar is 60 mm. Use
interaction diagram.
40. What is the eccentricity?
A. 300 C. 500
B. 400 D. 600
41. What is the required area of steel reinforcement?
A. 3960 C. 9000
B. 5400 D. 7200
42. What is the number of 20-mm bars required to reinforce the column?
A. 14 C. 13
B. 12 D. 18

Situation 16 – A 5m simply supported beam carries a uniform dead load of 7.5 kN/m (including self-
weight). The beam is 200 mm wide and 300 mm deep. Concrete cover to the centroid of tension steel
is 65 mm. Use f’c = 21 MPa, fy = 420 MPa. Use NSCP 2015.
43. Using tension-controlled limit, what is the maximum service live load (kN/m) that the beam could
carry?
A. 3.94 C. 3.69
B. 3.88 D. 3.95
44. Using transition-controlled limit, what is the maximum service live load (kN/m) that the beam
could carry?
A. 3.94 C. 3.69
B. 3.88 D. 3.95
45. Using the old code limit of 75% of the balanced steel, what is the maximum service live load
(kN/m) that the beam could carry?
A. 3.94 C. 3.69
B. 3.88 D. 3.95

Situation 17 – A 350 mm thick footing is to support a 300 mm thick wall carrying a service DL of 145
kN/m and service LL of 180 kN/m. The base of the footing is 1.5 m below the ground surface. Unit
weight of soil = 18.9 kN/m^3, Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m^3. Use f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 420 MPa.
The allowable soil bearing pressure is 240 kPa.
46. What is the required width (m) of the footing?
A. 1.4 C. 1.6
B. 1.5 D. 1.7
47. What is the required spacing of 16-mm bars to be used as flexural reinforcement?
A. 280 C. 320
B. 300 D. 340
48. What is the required spacing of 12-mm bars to be used as shrinkage & temperature reinforcement?
A. 120 C. 160
B. 140 D. 180

Situation 18 – Refer to FIGURE STL-01.

A W470 mm x 105 kg/m beam of 12 mm web thickness, is spliced near the support using 15 mm thick
connector plate welded to part B and bolted using 20 mm diameter A325 bolts to part A.
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Dimensions are:
S1 = 40 mm, S2 = 40 mm, S3 = 80 mm, S4 = 100 mm, S5 = 40 mm

Steel strength and allowable stresses are as follows:

Yield stress, Fy = 248 MPa
Bolt shear stress, Fv = 120 MPa
The load, P, acts at an eccentricity, e = 180 mm from the centroid of the bolt group.
49. Calculate the shear load on the critical bolt at section A of the splice if P = 200 kN.
A. 50.0 C. 75.0
B. 25.0 D. 12.5
50. Calculate the torsional load on the critical bolt at section A if P = 200 kN.
A. 55.8 C. 30.2
B. 60.4 D. 111.6
51. Calculate the total critical bolt load.
A. 69.2 C. 80.8
B. 57.2 D. 39.2

Situation 19 – A W350x90 column has an unbraced length of 8 m and pin-connected ends. Use A36 steel
and assume the section has no slender element. Use NSCP 2015 specification–LRFD.
Properties of W350x90:
bf = 250 mm Ix = 266 x 10^6 mm^4
d = 350 mm Iy = 44.54 x 10^6 mm^4
tf = 16.4 mm A = 11550 mm^2
52. Calculate the critical elastic buckling stress, in MPa.
A. 118.93 C. 266.15
B. 103.61 D. 208.62
53. Calculate the nominal compressive strength, in kN.
A. 1077 C. 1197
B. 2107 D. 2097
54. Calculate the design compressive strength of the column, in kN.
A. 1077 C. 1197
B. 2107 D. 2097

Situation 20 – Refer to FIGURE STL-02.

The bracket welded to the flange of the supporting column carries the load, P.
55. What is the force per unit length (N/mm) on the weld group if the load acts at the centroid of
the weld group?
A. 800 C. 1600
B. 400 D. 200
56. Find the critical force on the weld group due to the torsional effect (kN/mm) of the eccentric
load, P.
A. 0.568 C. 0.484
B. 0.678 D. 0.616
57. Determine the size of the fillet weld (mm) required to resist the eccentric load P if the
allowable weld shear stress, Fv = 145 MPa.
A. 9 C. 12
B. 10 D. 7

Situation 21 – Identify the following:

58. The portion of the stress-strain curve beyond which the stress is no longer proportional to the
strain.
A. Proportional limit
B. Ultimate stress
C. Elastic Limit
D. Tensile stress
59. Ability of a deformed material body to return to its original shape and size when the forces
causing deformation are removed.
A. Elasticity
B. Continuity
C. Plasticity
D. Stiffness
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60. Ability of the material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.
A. Toughness
B. Stiffness
C. Elasticity
D. Resilience

PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL AND DESIGN

FIGURE MECH-01 FIGURE MECH-02 FIGURE MECH-04

FIGURE MECH-03 FIGURE MECH-05

FIGURE MDB-01 FIGURE MDB-02

FIGURE MDB-03 FIGURE MDB-04 FIGURE TOS-01

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FIGURE TOS-02 FIGURE TOS-04

FIGURE TOS-03 FIGURE STL-01 FIGURE STL-02

FIGURE RCD-01