INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following

questions. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box
corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided.
STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED.

Situation 1. A truck with axle loads of W1 = 19.6 kN and W2 = 78.6 kN on a wheel

base of d = 4.3 m rolls across the beam shown in the figure. Determine the
following:

1. The maximum positive moment that can be developed in the beam.

A. 524.98 kN-m C. 498.78 kN-m
B. 384.33 kN-m D. 452.12 kN-m

2. The maximum negative moment that can be developed in the beam.

A. 58.8 kN-m C. 235.8 kN-m
B. 204.4 kN-m D. 263.2 kN-m

3. The maximum negative shear that can be developed in the beam.

A. 105.87 kN C. 76.35 kN
B. 94.37 kN D. 82.84 kN

Situation 2. For the plane truss shown in the figure, a = 3 m, b = 2.25 m, h = 3

m, P1 = 1 kN, P2 = 3 kN, and P4 = 1.5 kN. The diagonal members CF, BG, DG, and CH
are cables.

4. What is the force in member BF?

A. 5.2 kN C. 4.5 kN
B. 5.0 kN D. 4.7 kN

5. What is the force in member DG?

A. 0.925 kN C. 0.875 kN
B. 0.825 kN D. 0.725 kN

6. What is the force in member DH?

A. 2.3 kN C. 2.1 kN
B. 2.5 kN D. 3.25 kN

Situation 3. Given the shear diagram of a simple beam as shown. Assume no

concentrated moment acts on the beam.
 7. What is the concentrated load at B in kN?
A. 12 C. 10.5
B. 11.5 D. 10

8. What is the maximum span moment in kN-m?

A. 28 C. 21
B. 23 D. 14

9. What is the vertical reaction at D in kN?

A. 11.5 C. 12
B. 10.5 D. 10

Situation 4. Given the following data of the figure shown:

P = 2.4 kN L2 = 1.2 m
L1 = 1.2 m L3 = 1.2 m
Strut BC = 75 mm wide x 10 mm thick
Bar AD = 100 mm wide x 10 mm thick
Allowable Bolt Shear Stress = 65 MPa

10. Which of the following gives the stress (MPa) in strut BC?
A. 6.8 C. 5.2
B. 9.0 D. 7.3

11. Compute the required minimum bolt diameter (mm) at C?

A. 10 C. 18
B. 12 D. 16

12. If the bolt at A has a diameter of 20 mm, determine the resulting bolt
stress (MPa)?
A. 7.6 C. 15.3
B. 17.1 D. 32.3

Situation 5. The three-hinged arch shown in the Figure is loaded with vertical
loads only. Distance H = 12 m and s = 4 m.

13. Determine the horizontal reaction at A.

A. 210 kN C. 180 kN
B. 170 kN D. 190 kN

14. Determine the vertical reaction at B.

A. 330 kN C. 190 kN
B. 90 kN D. 240 kN

15. Determine the vertical reaction at C.

A. 0 C. 240 kN
B. 330 kN D. 90 kN
Situation 6. Answer the following questions:

16. The point on a structure through which the applied seismic force acts.
A. center of gravity C. out-of-plane offset
B. center of mass D. center of rigidity

17. It is the tendency of materials to deform when subjected to long term

stress.
A. Fatigue C. Breaking Point
B. Creep D. Failure

18. It is the phenomena that occur when a material is subjected to cyclic

loading.
A. Fatigue C. Breaking Point
B. Creep D. Failure

Situation 7. The double angle shown in the figure carries a tensile force of P.
Given:
Allowable shearing stress of bolt = 150 MPa
Allowable tensile stress of bolt = 195 MPa
Bolt diameter, D1 = D2 = 25 mm
a = 4, b = 3

19. Find the maximum safe load P (kN) based on tensile and shearing strength
of bolt D2.
A. 638 C. 524
B. 425 D. 368

20. Find the P (kN) based in shear strength of bolt D1.

A. 491 C. 451
B. 441 D. 521

21. If P = 400 kN, what is the required diameter of bolt D2?

A. 28 C. 20
B. 25 D. 18

Situation 8. A 12-m-high vertical pole is subjected to a uniform wind pressure

of 0.6 kN/m. The pole has an outside diameter of 298 mm and an inside diameter
of 255 mm.

22. Determine the maximum shearing stress (MPa) in the pole.

A. 0.77 C. 0.95
B. 0.63 D. 0.84

23. Determine the maximum tensile stress (MPa) in the pole.

A. 42.3 C. 30.7
B. 35.9 D. 26.4

24. Compute the moment at the fixed end.

A. 21.6 C. 43.2
B. 36.2 D. 10.8
Situation 9. The beam shown in Figure is fixed at A and C and simply supported
at B. The total load of the beam is w = 36 kN/m and the length L = 8 m. The
vertical reaction at B is 288 kN. Assume EI = constant.

25. What is the degree of indeterminacy of the beam under the given loading?
A. 2 C. 3
B. 1 D. 0

26. Calculate the maximum shear in the beam.

A. 288 kN C. 216 kN
B. 144 kN D. 186 kN

27. Calculate the maximum bending moment in the beam.

A. 96 kN-m C. 194 kN-m
B. 192 kN-m D. 102 kN-m

Situation 10. A 500-mm-diameter pressure vessel is made of steel plate with

allowable stress of 138 MPa.

28. If the vessel is cylindrical and subjected to an internal pressure of 4000

kPa, what is the required plate thickness in mm?
A. 10 C. 4
B. 8 D. 5

29. If the vessel is spherical and subjected to an internal pressure of 4000

kPa, what is the required plate thickness in mm?
A. 8 C. 4
B. 5 D. 10

30. If the vessel is cylindrical with wall thickness of 12 mm, what maximum
internal pressure (MPa) can the vessel is subjected if the allowable tensile
stress of plate is 120 MPa?
A. 5.7 C. 4.6
B. 9.2 D. 11.5

Situation 11. Light-grade channel is used as a purlin of a truss whose top

chord is sloped at 3H to 1V as shown in the Figure. Assume all loads pass
through the centroid of the section.

Properties channel section:

Sx = 4.88 x 104 mm3 Sy = 1.18 x 104 mm4
Weight = 71 N/m

L1 = L2 = L3 = 2 m

Loads
Roof loads:
Dead load = 1200 Pa
Live load = 567 Pa
Wind pressure = 1.44 kPa
Wind pressure coefficient at windward side = 0.2 (pressure)
Wind pressure coefficient at leeward side = 0.6 (suction)
Allowable stresses:
Fbx = Fby = 207 MPa
For D + L + W load combinations, a 1/3 increase in allowable stress is
permitted.
31. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins (in m) due
to dead load plus live load only.
A. 1.2 C. 0.85
B. 1.4 D. 1.0

32. Using two lines of sag rods, find safe spacing of purlins (in m) due to
dead load plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
A. 1.0 C. 1.4
B. 0.85 D. 1.2

33. Compute the total flexural stress (MPa) due to dead load plus live load
plus wind load on the leeward side if the purlins are spaced 0.75 m with two
sag rods at third points.
A. 120 C. 71
B. 160 D. 90

Situation 12. Two channels are welded at the tip of their flanges to form a box
column.

Properties of one channel section:

A = 3930 mm2 tw = 7.2 mm
d = 300 mm x = 18 mm
bf = 75 mm Ix = 53.7 x 106 mm4
tf = 13 mm Ix = 1.62 x 106 mm4

The column is 6 m long hinged at both ends (K = 1.0) and laterally supported
about the weak axis at midheight. Use Fy = 248 MPa.

34. Calculate the slenderness ratio for buckling about the x-axis.
A. 63.5 C. 49.6
B. 51.3 D. 42.7

35. Calculate the slenderness ratio for buckling about the y-axis.
A. 49.6 C. 63.5
B. 42.7 D. 51.3

36. If the axial load is 1200 kN, what is the minimum required plate thickness
(mm) of the cover plate if the axial stress is not to exceed 116 MPa. Width of
plate b = 110 mm.
A. 10 C. 12
B. 13 D. 11
Situation 13. A 3-span beam is simply supported at A, B, C, and D as shown.
Given:
DL = 18.0 kN/m Span, L = 8 m
LL = 12.5 kN/m
Consider pattern loading of live load for maximum stresses.

37. Find the maximum reaction (kN) at C.

A. 196.3 C. 278.4
B. 215.7 D. 255.7

38. How much is the maximum shear (kN) a C?

A. 140.2 C. 144.3
B. 148.1 D. 138.5

39. Which of the following gives the maximum moment (kN-m) at C?

A. 208.6 C. 212.5
B. 186.2 D. 220.4
Situation 14. A square post is made of two parts; glued at
plane abcd with an angle of α = 30° with the vertical. The
allowable compressive stress at the glue is 5.2 MPa and the
allowable shearing stress is 3.5 MPa. The axial load P = 36
kN.

40. What is the minimum post dimension w (mm) without

exceeding the allowable compressive stress at the glue?
A. 72 C. 42
B. 62 D. 52

41. What is the minimum post dimension w (mm) without

exceeding the allowable shearing stress at the glue?
A. 67 C. 62
B. 78 D. 54

42. What angle α will give the maximum shearing stress?

A. 30° C. 60°
B. 45° D. 75°

Situation 15. A W 300 x 97 beam is simply supported on a span of 10 m. The beam

supports a superimposed load of 15 kN/m on its entire length and three 30-kN
loads at its quarter points.

Properties of W300 x 97
d = 308 mm Ix = 221.8 x 106 mm4
bf = 305 mm Iy = 72.4 x 106 mm4
tw = 9.9 mm W = 97 kg/m
tf = 15.4 mm A = 12,3223 mm2

43. Calculate the maximum bending stress (MPa) in the beam.

A. 254 C. 221
B. 243 D. 189

44. Calculate the maximum average shear stress (MPa) in the beam.
A. 40.9 C. 38.4
B. 48.5 D. 44.4

45. Calculate the maximum horizontal web shear stress (MPa) at neutral axis.
A. 44.4 C. 40.9
B. 38.4 D. 48.5

Situation 16. Refer to the floor framing plan shown in the figure:

Given:
Beam dimensions, b x h = 250 mm x 400 mm
Slab thickness, t = 100 mm
Concrete cover to centroid of reinforcement = 75 mm
L1 = L2 = 5.3 m
S = 2.6 m

Loadings:
 Dead load = 2.6 kPa
Live load = 3.6 kPa
Load combination, U = 1.4D + 1.7L

Unit weight of concrete = 23.6 kN/m3

Concrete strength, f’c = 27 MPa

Steel Strength, fy = 415 MPa

Use ρmax = 0.75ρb

46. What is the minimum required number of 25-mm bars at end of beam GH?
A. 4 C. 2
B. 5 D. 3

47. What is the shear force at end H of beam GH?

A. 102.9 C. 78.4
B. 116.3 D. 98.6

48. If end H is reinforced with 3-25 mm diameter top and bottom bars, what is
its moment capacity in kN-m?
A. 152 C. 124
B. 140 D. 168
Situation 17. Given the following data for the column section shown.
.

Dimension, b x h = 450 mm x 600 mm

As = 10 – 28 mm diameter
Ties = 12 mm diameter
f’c = 27.5 MPa
Main bar, fy = 415 MPa
Ties, fyh = 275 MPa
Spacing of ties = 90 mm
Reduction of factor (shear), Φ = 0.75
Concrete cover to centroid of main bar = 65 mm
Factored axial load = 1250 kN

49. Compute the maximum value of Vux (kN) using the simplified calculation of
Vc.
A. 625 C. 735
B. 830 D. 790

50. Compute the maximum value of Vuy (kN) using the simplified calculation for
Vc.
A. 600 C. 900
B. 700 D. 800

51. Compute the maximum spacing (mm) of lateral reinforcement for maximum
value of Vux.
A. 260 C. 280
B. 140 D. 130

Situation 18. A rectangular column is 250 mm along the x-axis and 620 mm along
the y-axis. The column is reinforced with eight 25-mm-diameter bars equally
distributed along the longer side. Lateral reinforcement is 10 mm spaced at 100
mm on centers.

Concrete 28th Day Compressive Strength, f’c = 20.7 MPa

Reinforcing Steel Yield Strength, fy = 415 MPa

52. Which of the following gives the location of the plastic centroid (mm)
along the geometric centroidal x-axis from the geometric centroidal y-axis?
A. 100 C. 330
B. 125 D. 0

53. Assume that the compression steel yields, which of the following gives the
nominal balanced load, Pb (kN)? Depth of the rectangular compressive stress
block, a = 90.4 mm.
A. 2254 C. 854
B. 1536 D. 986

54. Determine the nominal axial load (kN) that the column can carry at an
eccentricity of 200 mm along the x-axis from the centroidal y-axis?
A. 456 C. 1475
B. 809 D. 1360
Situation 19. Refer to the figure shown:
Given:
Dimensions: h1 = 4 m, h2 = 3.5 m, h3 = 3.5 m
Floor weights: W1 = 1,000 kN, W2 = 1,160 kN,
WR = 890 kN
Design base shear = 450 kN

55. Compute the lateral shear force (kN) at

the roof when T = 0.6 s, where T is the natural
period of vibration.
A. 195.9 C. 165.3
B. 214.7 D. 187.4

56. Compute the lateral force (kN) at the roof

when T = 0.9 s.
A. 234 C. 197
B. 184 D. 212

57. Determine the overturning moment (kN-m) at the base given the following
total lateral forces per floor: F1 = 180 kN. F2 = 165 kN, FR = 130 kN.
A. 3,458 C. 3,124
B. 3,388 D. 3,215

Situation 20. A 600-mm-diameter spiral column is reinforced with 16-mm-diameter

longitudinal bars. Use fy = 415 MPa and f’c = 27.5 MPa. May 2018 Situation 24

58. Using steel ratio of 1.7%, determine the minimum number of bars.
A. 26 C. 24
B. 28 D. 22

59. Given:
Axial dead load = 1800 kN
Axial live load = 1700 kN
U = 1.2D + 1.6L
Determine the minimum number of bars.
A. 12 C. 16
B. 14 D. 18

60. Determine the effective slenderness ratio of the column if the column
length is 6 m and K = 0.5. Take I = 0.70Ig.

A. 25.8 C. 21.5
B. 20.0 D. 23.9

Situation 21. To construct the deck of a bridge over a deep ravine, steel beams
spaced at 2.4 m on centers and simply supported on a span of 25 m, are used to
support the construction loads which include temporary formwork and
construction live loads equivalent to 4000 Pa. At this stage, only the steel
beam carries the loads. After the slab has hardened, sufficient shear
connectors welded to the beam flanges provide full composite action of the
steel beam with 0.15 m thick cast-in-place concrete slab.

Given:
Concrete, f’c = 20.7 MPa
Concrete unit weight = 24 kN/m3
Steel strength Fy = 345 MPa
Modular ratio, n = 9

Properties of W 685 mm x 152 kg/m

A = 19355 mm2 tf = 21 mm
d = 688 mm Ix = 15 x 108 mm4
tw = 13 mm Iy = 0.58 x 108 mm4
bf = 250 mm

For composite action, use 1.8 m effective flange width.

Composite moment of inertia with concrete transformed to steel = 36.2 x 108
mm4
Neutral axis of composite section from top of concrete = 239 mm

Superimposed dead load: Wearing surface = 900 Pascals

Live load:
Standard truck load (H load) consisting of 17.8 kN front wheel load and 71.2 kN
rear wheel load. Distance between when loads is 4.27 m.
Include 24% impact on live load.

61. Determine the maximum compressive stress (MPa) in the beam due to live
load.
A. 17.4 C. 19.6
B. 15.8 D. 22.4

62. Determine the maximum tensile stress (MPa) in the beam due to live load.
A. 96.3 C. 106.5
B. 87.5 D. 101.4

63. Determine the maximum compressive stress (MPa) in concrete due to live
load.
A. 5.65 C. 3.25
B. 6.98 D. 4.72

Situation 22. A 600 mm x 600 mm column is supported at the center of the pile
cap shown, the piles are precast concrete with 250 mm diameter. Given the
following data:

Net load on the footing at Ultimate Condition:

Pu = 1850 kN
Mu = 165 kN-m about the X-axis

Effective Depth of the Footing, d = 600 mm

Dimensions:
a = 0.8 m c = 1.2 m
b = 1.8 m d = 0.8 m

Strength Reduction Factors: Shear = 0.75

Flexure = 0.90

64. Find the punching shear stress (MPa) around the square column.
A. 0.867 C. 0.563
B. 0.925 D. 0.761

65. Find the critical beam shear (MPa)

A. 0.403 C. 0.242
B. 0.394 D. 0.281

66. Find the critical design moment (kN-m).

A. 695 C. 425
B. 605 D. 555
Situation 23. Given the following data for a concrete mix:

Target mean strength = 41 MPa

Slump = 50 mm to 100 mm
Water-cement ratio = 0.41
Unit weight of concrete = 26.3 kN/m3
Water content = 180 kg/m3
Entrapped air = 1%
Coarse aggregate = 10.1 kN/m3

Specific gravity of materials:

Cement = 3.15
Fine aggregate = 2.64
Coarse aggregate = 2.68

67. Calculate the volume (m3) of cement, water, and course aggregate per cubic
meter of concrete.
A. 0.632 C. 0.745
B. 0.703 D. 0.526

68. Calculate the weight (kN) of cement needed for 10 m3 of concrete.

A. 40.65 C. 45.89
B. 43.05 D. 38.32

69. Calculate the required volume (m3) of fine aggregates required for a 0.55
m3 of concrete.

A. 0.215 C. 0.158
B. 0.125 D. 0.185

Situation 24. Given the following data of a reinforced concrete cantilever

beam:

Beam width, b = 250 mm

Beam length = 3 m

Loads:
Total dead load = 20 kN/m
Concentrated live load at free end = 18 kN

Main bar = 25 mm diameter

Lateral ties = 10 mm diameter (U-stirrups) @ 80 mm o.c.
Clear cover = 50 mm

Concrete strength, f’c = 17.8 MPa

Steel strength: Main bars, fy = 413 MPa
Lateral bars, fyv = 275 MPa

Load combination, U = 1.2D + 1.6L

Reduction factors: Shear, Φ = 0.75

Moment, Φ = 0.90

70. Compute the minimum required beam depth due to maximum shear using one
line of 25-mm-diamter bars.
A. 245 C. 360
B. 600 D. 42

71. Compute the required beam depth due to maximum moment using one line
ofthree 25-mm-diameter bars.
A. 520 C. 420
B. 480 D. 460

72. Using one line of 4-25-mm bars, what is the minimum beam width to satisfy
on spacing and cover requirements?
A. 307 C. 316
B. 320 D. 295
Situation 25. A footing supports a 250-mm thick concrete wall. The footing is
350 mm thick and the allowable soil bearing pressure is 192 kPa. Concrete
strength f’c = 27.5 MPa and steel yield strength fy = 415 MPa. Consider 1 m
length of footing.

73. If the footing is subjected to a moment of 126 kN-m and a total vertical
load of 280 kN, find the minimum width (m) of the footing to prevent uplift.
A. 1.0 C. 2.3
B. 2.7 D. 1.4

74. If the footing is subjected to a resisting moment of 440 kN-m, overturning

moment of 260 kN-m, and a total vertical load of 265 kN, find the minimum width
(m) of the footing to prevent uplift.
A. 2.1 C. 2.9
B. 4.1 D. 1.4

75. If the footing is 3 m wide and subjected to a resisting moment of 500 kN-
m, overturning moment of 265 kN-m, and a total vertical load of 335 kN, compute
the maximum soil bearing pressure.
A. 290 C. 319
B. 179 D. 223

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