2. Filling the blanks.

a. Arrow

b. Representative fraction

c. S.I

d. Legend

e. Direction

f. Upper

g. Compression

h. Lower

I. Block

3. Explain the following.

Map — A map is a representation of the Earth, or a portion of the earth drawn to scale
on a flat surface.

Cardinal points — There are four directions, North, South, West and East; and they are
called as the cardinal points.

Scale — Scale can be defined as a ratio between a distance measured on a map and a
corresponding distance on land, connecting the two points represented by the same
unit.

Legend — A list of conventional signs and symbols used in every map is called a legend.

Magnetic compass — A Magnetic compass is a device that shows the cardinal

directions used for navigation and geographic orientation. It is also called Mariner’s
compass as it is mostly used by sailors.

Globe — A model of the earth, representing the three-dimensional spherical shape of

the earth in miniature form. It is not drawn to scale.

5 . Differentiate between

Map Sketch Plan

A. 1. Map shows a comparatively larger area. Sketch gives an idea of a

location with the help of rough drawing.

Plan shows a building or a small area.

2. Maps can be drawn on a large scale as well as small scale.

Sketch is not drawn to scale.

Plan shows very small area on large scale. E.g., 1 cm = 1 m.

3. Maps serve the purpose of finding location of a country, distance, direction and
distribution of crops, etc.

Sketch may not show all details.

Plan serves only a limited purpose regarding the plan of a colony, or township or a
house.

b) large scale and small scale.

1. Large scale maps show a small area in great details.

Small scale maps show a larger area in less detail and space.

2. Large scale map is of two types: cadastral maps and topographical maps.

Small scale map is of two types: Wall maps and Atlas maps.

c) Tributaries and distributaries

1. A tributary is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream.

A distributary is the stream that branches off from the main stream and flows away.

2. Tributaries Found in the middle course of a river.

Distributaries Found in the lower course of a river in river deltas.

c). Meander and Delta

1. S-shaped loops or curves formed by the river in the plains are called Meanders.

Triangular area that blocks the path of the river towards its end is called delta.

2. Meander is formed by the irregular land that forces the river to swing from side to
side.

Delta is formed by the deposition of the alluvium brought by the river.

3. Meander Formed in the middle course of the river.

Delta Formed in the lower course of the river.

e) Anticlines and Synclines

1. The arched or upraised parts of the folds are known as anticlines.

A downward fold or an inverted anticline is called syncline.

2. Anticline is an arch like fold.

Syncline is a trough of stratified rock.

6. Answer the following.

A) Why is map more useful than a globe? Give two reasons.

Map is more useful than a globe because:

A map is more accurate than a globe and provides more precise information as
maps are drawn to scale whereas a globe is not drawn to scale.
A globe represents the relative shapes and sizes of the continents, countries and
oceans of the entire earth in 3D whereas maps can be of different types like
Large Scale maps, Small scale maps, Physical Maps, Political Maps, Thematic
maps, etc. Helping us to accurately find location of a country, distance, direction
and distribution of crops, etc.
B) Why is a verbal scale not accurate?

Verbal scale is not accurate as it becomes invalid if the size of the map is increased or
decreased. It cannot be converted into different units.

C) What is meant by R.F. : 1:50,000?

The meaning of R.F. : 1:50,000, is that 1 cm on the map represents 50,000 cm on the
ground.

D) What are the advantages of drawing a map to scale?

Following are the advantages of drawing a map to scale:

We can easily find out the exact distance between two places.

Area of a place can be calculated with accuracy.

F) What is the significance of colours in map reading?

The colours in the map help us to identify the features of that place easily. As these
colours are universally accepted, hence they do not cause any confusion to the map
reader. For example, blue colour is used to show water bodies, red colour is used to
denote settlements and so on.

G) Name the intermediate directions.

The intermediate directions are:

North-West (NW)
North-East (NE)

South-West (SW)

South-East (SE)

H) State any two ways to measure distances.

Two ways to measure distance are:

Verbal scale or a statement

Representative Fraction or R.F.

I) What is the significance of symbols in maps?

Symbols are conventional and universally accepted. They are used to depict large
number of features on a small map. They make it easy for the reader to read the map.
Symbols are used for natural as well as man-made features and cultural features.

J) What do you mean by origin of a river?

The source of the river is called origin of the river.

K) State two features of the middle course of a river.

Two features of the middle course of a river are:

Forms meander and ox-bow lakes.

Many tributaries meet main river.

L) What is alluvium?

The fine silt brought down by the river from the mountains and by eroding its path is
called alluvium.

M) Draw a neat, labelled diagram of a block mountain.

Draw the diagram page 20, fig 1.33

N) Show anticline and syncline with the help of a diagram.

Draw the diagram page 19, fig 1.32

Give reasons —

a) A map is more accurate than a globe.

A map is more accurate than a globe because it is drawn to the scale on a flat surface
and thus provides more precise information as compared to the globe.
 b) A verbal scale is not as popular as a linear scale.

A verbal scale is expressed in words, e.g. 1 cm on map represents 50 km on the ground.

It is not popular as it does not provide accurate measurement. A linear scale represents
the relationship between a particular distance on the map and the actual distance on
the Earth. It is drawn according to the statement in such a way that the distance can be
calculated most accurately on the map.

c) Pole star is useful in finding directions.

Pole star is useful in finding directions because it always points towards North and is
always visible in the sky.