Grade 6

Map Reading

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 THE
EARTH

The earth is an unique planet.

It is the third planet from the Sun.
It is the only place in the universe
confirmed to host life.
But it is so large that we cannot see
the whole Earth.

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

GLOBE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuxypSGUxqs

The world’s largest spinning globe - EARTHA

❑ Globe
• The word "globe" comes from the Latin word globus, meaning
"sphere".
• A globe is simply a map printed on to a sphere which represents the
Earth’s shape.
• It is only accurate way of showing three dimensional model of earth.
• It represents relative shapes and sizes of the continents, countries
and oceans.
• The earliest extant terrestrial globe was made in 1492 by Martin
Behaim (1459–1537) with help from the painter Georg
Glockendon.Behaim was a German mapmaker, navigator, and
merchant.
• In the past, globes were generally solid and made of a variety of
materials including glass, marble, wood, and metal
• One type is made of fiberboard or cardboard, and the illuminated
globe is made of plastic that will withstand the heat from a light bulb
that is placed inside the sphere to light it from the inside out.
Recycled cardboard is used for the cardboard globes.
GLOBE- DISCOVERY
 ❑ Map

• The word ‘map’ has been taken from a Latin word

‘mappa’ meant tablecloth or napkin
• “ a map is a representation of the earth or a portion of the
earth drawn to scale on a flat surface.”
• Claudius Ptolemy, the famous Roman Geographer, drew
the map of the world in 150 CE
• The discovery of new lands and sea routes depicted
through maps is helped in the science of map making. This
science is called cartography.
• Learning the map language is called as map reading.
❑ Importance of Maps
Reading and using maps is necessary in modern times.
Essential part of communication for geographers as well as
people.
Used by all- explorers, architects, planners, traders, tourists
and students as well.
Maps being used for GIS through computers.
Substitue for maps- satellite images, aerial photographs.
❑ Disadvantages of Maps
All maps have distortions because it is impossible to represent
a three-dimensional objects like the earth accurately on flat
maps.
Maps with no scale give a poor idea of distances.
A 2 dimensional representation, so it only shows a part of teh
globe on a flat surface.
LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES
sketch
Plan
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SKETCH, MAP AND
PLAN
• SKETCH • MAP PLAN
• A sketch is different • A map is a representation • A plan is a sketch of a
from maps. of the Earth or a portion of building, school,
• It is just rough the Earth drawn to scale on
a flat surface. church or a house .
drawing. • It is also called as
• It is used to give an • The art of map reading
involves retranslation of blueprint.
idea of the location
with the help of the various • It is drawn on scale
drawing and arrows to symbols,shading,colouring giving an idea of a
show directions. etc. small area on large
scale, with all
necessary details.
LARGE SCALE MAP
Large scale : Cadastral map
• They give full details of
properties and buildings.
• They are useful for local
administration , city surveys,
guide maps and city plans.
Large scale : Topographical maps
• Prepared after careful survey of
an area.
• Shows natural features.
• Useful for military purposes.
• Are drawn to scale from
1:25,000 and 1:50,000.
 Small scale : Wall maps
• Show areas at glance.
• They show features like relief,
vegetation and population etc.
Small scale : Atlas maps
• A collection of maps is called
atlas maps.
• Considered suitable for
educational purposes.
• The atlas was a most peculiar
invention. They were Gerardus
Mercator and Abraham Ortelius.
 Content : Political map
• Show the countries of the
world
• They are drawn on small scale.
• They show international
borders, cities , countries ,
towns and states.
Content : Physical map
• This maps show us the physical
features of the regions like
mountains, rivers , plateaus ,
coastal areas , water bodies ,
deserts
Content : Thematic map
• Thematic maps presents
features of particular areas like
distribution of vegetation,
climates , soils, industries etc.
 Components of a map

Title Directions Scale

A measuring line
To identify the An essential
that shows the
map. component of
relation of the
map study.
distance between
two places.

TO FIND DIRECTION TYPES OF SCALE

• Compass • Verbal scale

• Rising sun • Représentative
fraction
• Pole star
• Graphic scale
• Bearing
DIRECTIONS- CARDINALS POINTS

Four directions
NORTH, SOUTH, WEST and
INTERMEDIATE EAST

Importance of cardinal directions

• Phenomena of celestial bodies. We know
our earth rotates from east to west on its
axis.
• We refer to find out our destination on
map.
• Defence services uses work on these
directions.
• For students too it is vital to search towns
and cities on map.
MAGNETIC COMPASS
RISING SUN
 NORTH

POLE STAR

One way to find direction.

BEARING
 SCALE AND TYPES OF SCALE

Definition – A ratio between a distance measured on a map and a corresponding distance on land, connecting the
two points represented by the same unit.

TYPES OF SCALE

VERBAL SCALE OR A STATEMENT.
This method scale is expressed in
words. This method is not popular as
it does not give accurate
measurement.
EXAMPLE- 1cm =50 km.
REPRESENTATIVE FRACTION OR R.F.
The numerical fraction method.
This method shows ratio between the
distance on the map to the distance on
the ground.
EXAMPLE- 1: 50,000
GRAPHIC SCALE OR LINEAR SCALE
This scale represents the
relationship between a particular
distance on the map and the
actual distance on the Earth.
On most of the maps, it is given
for accurate map study.
Significance of map study and colours in a legend
 SYMBOLS
• On every map certain signs, symbols and letters are used to represent
the features on the EARTH’S surface.
• Symbols are accepted universally and are used all over the world.
• A list of conventional signs and symbols is called a legend.
 STAGE OF
STAGE OF YOUTH STAGE OF OLD AGE
MATURITY

A river is a body of water that flows downhill in a channel, usually towards the ocean
The origin of a river is called source of the river.
COURSE OF RIVERS
The upper course
• Here rivers flow swiftly and it
generally forms v shaped valley
• Hydroelectricity is harnessed in
this stage
The middle course
• The speed of river gets reduced
• The load gets deposited and
forms meanders and an ox bow
lakes. Many tributaries meet the
main river.
• MEANDERS: in the plains the
rivers move leisurely and its
course form broad S shaped
loops
• TRIBUTARY: is a stream that
flows into large stream, main
stream or a lake.
Anticlines Synclines
• The arched or upraised parts of • Downward fold or an inverted
the folds are known as anticlines anticline is known as syncline
The lower course
• The river divides into many
distributaries as it starts depositing
the fine silt alluvium brought down
by the mountains and forms deltas.
• DISTRIBUTARIES: when sediments
build up along the river’s main
channel the channel gets blocked
and the river is forced to divide into
distributaries
• DELTA : as the river nears towards
the sea or ocean towards the end
of its journey, its course is blocked
by its own deposits, forming a fan
shaped alluvial deposit called delta
Typical example of block mountain is the Black forest, to the east of Rhine River on the border
between France and Germany.
MIND MAPPING
THANK YOU

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