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Geographical Setting

The document discusses the geographical setting of ancient Indian civilizations, highlighting the significance of river valleys for settlement and agriculture. It outlines major invasions through the Khyber Pass and the development of various cultures and trade routes from the Vedic period to the medieval era. Additionally, it mentions the resources available in different regions and the evolution of trade paths during the Mahajanapada and Mauryan dynasties.

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51 views2 pages

Geographical Setting

The document discusses the geographical setting of ancient Indian civilizations, highlighting the significance of river valleys for settlement and agriculture. It outlines major invasions through the Khyber Pass and the development of various cultures and trade routes from the Vedic period to the medieval era. Additionally, it mentions the resources available in different regions and the evolution of trade paths during the Mahajanapada and Mauryan dynasties.

Uploaded by

ae9671091
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Geographical Setting

Northern most side of Harappan civilization in India is Manda, at Jammu and Kashmir. The
Prehistory of India include the paleo, meso and neolithic age. Most of the civilization are found
near the river valleys. The Paleolithic culture include the Saur valley culture (Indus valley’s
western side), Madrasian culture (Kauvery valley).

1) Why history is always found near river?

2) Chalcolithic period civilization in Rajasthan. Later on Harappan civilization or Bronze age


started. Bronze is made up of Sn(From Afghanistan) and Cu(From Khetri).

3) Passes is the land in between 2 montains. Geography of India is such that when we
move downward from the Khyber pass, we can find Peshawar, Panipat, Delhi, that is the
rough invasion route.

4) Major invasion thorough the Khyber pass during ancient time include,

In the ancient time

-Darius the great (515-516 BC)

-Alexander the great (326 BC)

-Indo Greek, Sakas, Kushanas, Pahallavas (From 2nd century BC to 2nd century AD)

-Gunas (During Vardhan era, 550-610 AD)

In the medieval time,

-Mohammad Bin Kashif (712 AD)

-Mohammad Gajhni (1000-1025 AD)

-Mohammad Ghuri (1190-1192 AD)

5) Nadir Shah and Ahmed Shah Abdullah from the Bollan Pass.

6) Why Sultanat of Delhi believes to control Afganisthan?


7) During ancient time, Mauryan and Gupta & during medieval time, Saltanat and Mughal
were strong and did not face any foreign invasion. Why?

8) Vedic, Mahajanapada and Magadha were developed from 1500 BC to 300 BC. This
evolution is affected by the river system and the Iron present in that time in the
Chatanagpur plataue.

9) Why civilization during the Vedic age, near the Ganga, Mahajanapada and Magadh were
so developed? How?

Due to the fertile Ganga plain for agricultural surplus and Iron.

10) In southern india, Cholas, Pandyas, Cheras, has huge access to river. Vindhyan belt
separated the northern Aryan culture and southern Dravidian culture. For example,
When Ghajni and Ghuri invaded the north, the southern india was flourished by the
Cholas. Due to the availability of natural resources, trade was there.

11) Different resources in that time?

Iron in Magadha, Copper in Rajasthan, Gold in Karnataka. Agricultural resources include the
spices in the southern state, Wheat and Rice in UP and Uttarakhand, Barley and Jawar in
Rajasthan.

12) Trading paths

2 trading paths were there, namely Uttar path (Takshasila to Rajagriha) and Dakshin path
( Sravasthi to Pratisthan). These were developed during the Mahajanapada. After that, the
location of UP and DP changed with time.

During Magadh dynasty (Maurya),

13) Why the development of UP and DP?

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