Cloud Computing

Dr.P.Chinnasamy
BITS Pilani Department of CS/IS
Pilani Campus
 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

CSI ZG527/ SE ZG527 – IaaS– L7

Recap
✓ Introduction & Motivation for Containers
✓ Linux Container –LXC and LXD
✓ Container Architecture
✓ Orchestration technologies
✓ Docker Container and Components
✓ Hands on with Docker

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Agenda
✓ Virtualization Recap
✓ Infrastructure as a Service
✓ What is IaaS
✓ Introduce AWS
✓ AWS Reference Model
✓ AWS Compute
✓ AWS Storage
✓ AWS Network
✓ AWS Case Study - Netflix

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Key Terms to
Remember
VM : Virtual Machine

VMM: Virtual Machine Monitor

Hypervisor : VMM

Multiplexed: Many or several

Host: System where the VMM resides

Guest : Virtual Machines created

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Types of
Virtualization

Operating Server
System
Hardware
Storage

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Infrastructure as a
Service

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What is IaaS?

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 What is IaaS?
✓ The capability provided to the consumer is to provision
processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental
computing resources.
✓ The consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software,
which can include operating systems and applications.
✓ The consumer does not manage or control the underlying
cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems,
storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control
of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).
✓ Offering virtualized resources (computation, storage, and
communication) on demand is known as Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS).
✓ Infrastructure services are considered to be the bottom
layer of cloud computing systems.
✓ Ex : Elastic Compute Cloud, Eucalyptus, GoGrid, Rackspace

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 IaaS
Characteristics
Capability Resources are distributed as a
Iaas provides the service
following ● Allows dynamic scaling (
● Servers- compute, 1...10....100.....)
machines ● Has a variable costs-
● Storage ● Generally includes
● Network multiple
● Operating system users on a single
piece of hardware. (multi-
Virtualization tenancy)
Technology Benefit
✓ Manageability and
The user instead of
Interoperability
Models purchasing- servers,
✓ Availability and software, data center
IaaS can be obtained as
(1) Public or
Reliability space or network
(2) Private infrastructure ✓ Scalability and equipment, rent those
or Elasticity resources as a fully
(3) combination of both outsourced service on-
demand model.
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 Visualization for a
New Paradigm

✓ IAAS , is unlike traditional IT infrastructure.✓ SLA with 99.9% uptime

✓ End users will not have access to the physical✓ Pay as you go policy.
machines. ✓ Payment terms applicable
✓ Each Hardware resource is provided as a for, resource, bandwidth
service rather than a physical device used, data transferred etc
✓ Flexible/Secure/ Scalable direct
connectivity. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
IaaS Motivation
✓ No upfront cost
✓ Multi-tier auto provisioning within hours
✓ Scalability, services/resources are provided on demand
✓ Flexible/Secure direct connectivity
✓ SLA with 99.9% uptime

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 IaaS Key Terms
✓ Telemetry: The process of automatic measurement &
transmission of data within the cloud ecosystem to a
centralized monitoring unit.
✓ Cloud bursting: The process of off-loading tasks to the
cloud during times when demand exceeds capacity
and the most compute resources are needed
✓ Resource pooling: Pooling is a resource management
term that refers to the grouping together of
resources (compute(cpu), network(bandwidth),
storage) for the purposes of maximizing usage and/or
minimizing risk to the users.
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 IaaS Key Terms
✓ Multi-tenant computing: Multi-tenancy is an
architecture in which a single instance of a software
application serves multiple customers. Each customer
is called a tenant.
✓ Hypervisor: Software which enables virtualization.

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 Pros vs Cons
Aspect Pros ( Advantages) Cons ( Disadvantages)
Can lead to unexpected costs if
Pay-as-you-go pricing, no
Cost resources are not managed
upfront infrastructure costs
properly
Easily scale resources up or Over-provisioning may result in
Scalability
down as needed higher costs
Faster provisioning of Requires technical expertise
Deployment
servers, storage, and to set up and configure
Speed
networking correctly
Cloud provider manages Users still need to handle
Maintenance hardware, security patches, software updates, security
and updates configurations, and monitoring
Built-in security features Data stored on third-party
Security like firewalls and servers poses privacy and
encryption compliance risks
Offers flexibility in choosing Less control over the physical
Control &
OS, storage, and compute infrastructure compared to on-
Customization
power premise solutions

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Amazon Web
Services

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AWS

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 What is AWS
✓ Amazon Web Service is the world’s most comprehensive
and broadly adopted cloud platform, offering over 200
fully featured services from data centers globally.
✓ Millions of customers—including the fastest-growing
startups, largest enterprises, and leading government
agencies—are using AWS to lower costs, become more
agile, and innovate faster.
✓ Global Infrastructure: AWS serves over one million
active customers in more than 190 countries, and it
continues to expand its global infrastructure

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 What is AWS
✓ Security: All AWS customers benefit from data center
and network architectures built to satisfy the
requirements of the most security-sensitive
organizations.
✓ Application building blocks
✓ Stable APIs
✓ Proven Amazon infrastructure
✓ Focus on innovation and creativity
✓ Long-term investment

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AWS Global
Infrastructure
✓ Amazon Web Services (AWS) operates a highly
scalable, secure, and reliable global cloud
infrastructure that provides low-latency, high-
availability, and fault tolerance to customers
worldwide.
✓ The AWS global infrastructure is divided into Regions,
Availability Zones (AZs), Edge Locations, and Local
Zones to ensure fast performance and redundancy

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Key Components of
AWS Infrastructure
Component Description Example
A geographical area where
us-east-1 (N. Virginia),
AWS has multiple data
Regions eu-west-1 (Ireland), ap-
centers. Each region
south-1 (Mumbai)
operates independently.
Each AWS region consists of
multiple isolated data centers us-east-1a, us-east-1b,
Availability Zones (AZs)
(AZs) that are connected us-east-1c (Virginia
through low-latency region)
networks.
Global points of presence
(PoPs) that cache content
Over 450+ edge
Edge Locations closer to users for faster
locations worldwide
content delivery using AWS
CloudFront (CDN).

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Key Components of
AWS Infrastructure
Component Description Example
Brings compute, storage,
and networking closer to Los Angeles Local Zone,
Local Zones
end-users in metro areas for Boston Local Zone
ultra-low latency.
Designed for 5G networks, Deployed in partnership
allowing ultra-low latency with telecom operators
Wavelength Zones
applications at telecom (e.g., Verizon,
provider locations. Vodafone)
AWS infrastructure inside
Used by enterprises
customer on-premises data
Outposts needing on-prem AWS
centers for hybrid cloud
services
solutions.

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How AWS Global
Infrastructure Works
✓ You deploy applications in an AWS Region closest to
your users.
✓ Availability Zones (AZs) ensure redundancy and
disaster recovery.
✓ Edge Locations & CloudFront CDN reduce latency by
caching content closer to users.
✓ Local Zones & Wavelength Zones improve performance
for real-time applications (gaming, streaming, AR/VR).
✓ AWS Outposts extend AWS services to on-premise
environments.

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Activity
✓ Scenario: A global e-commerce website wants to provide
fast, secure, and scalable services across the world.

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Solution
✓ Region: Deploys core servers in us-east-1 (Virginia)
and ap-south-1 (Mumbai).
✓ Availability Zones: Uses multiple AZs in each region for
redundancy.
✓ Edge Locations: Uses CloudFront CDN to serve images
and videos faster.
✓ Local Zones: Improves latency for users in Los Angeles
and Tokyo.
✓ AWS Outposts: Manages sensitive data on-premises for
compliance needs.

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AWS & Customer

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How to Connect AWS
✓ AWS Management Console – A web-based UI for
managing AWS resources.
✓ AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) – A command-
line tool for interacting with AWS.
✓ AWS SDKs & APIs – Used for application
development and automation.
✓ Secure Shell (SSH) Access – Used to connect to AWS
EC2 instances.

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AWS Reference Model

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Design of Social
Media Application

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Design of Social Media
Application with AWS

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Amazon EC2
✓ Amazon EC2 is AWS primary web service that
provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud.
✓ Compute refers to the amount of computational
power required to fulfill your workload.
✓ Amazon EC2 allows you to acquire compute through
the launching of virtual servers called instances.
✓ When you launch an instance, you can make use of
the compute as you wish, just as you would with an on-
premises server.

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Amazon EC2
✓ Users pay for the computing power of the instance.
Charged per hour while the instance is running.
✓ When you stop the instance, you are no longer
charged.

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Key Features of EC2
✓ Elasticity: Scale instances up or down as needed.
✓ Multiple Instance Types: Choose from General-
purpose, Compute-optimized, Memory-optimized,
etc.
✓ Secure & Reliable: Integrates with IAM, VPC,
Security Groups for security.
✓ Flexible Pricing: Pay-as-you-go (On-demand,
Reserved, Spot Instances).

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Components in EC2
✓ AMI (Amazon Machine Image): OS (Linux, Windows,
etc.).
✓ Instance Type: CPU, memory, storage configurations.
✓ Security Groups: Firewall settings.
✓ Key Pair: SSH authentication.

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Amazon Machine
Image (AMI)
✓ The Amazon Machine Image (AMI) defines the
initial software that will be on an instance when it is
launched.
✓ An AMI defines every aspect of the software state
at instance
✓ launch, including:
✓ The Operating System (OS) and its configuration
✓ The initial state of any patches
✓ Application or system software
✓ All AMIs are based on x86 OSs, either Linux or
Windows.
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Amazon Machine
Image (AMI)

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AMI Types

Private AMI Marketplace

AMI
Public AMI
Community
AMI

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Amazon Machine
Image (AMI)
AMI Type Use Case Example
General-purpose AWS Linux,
Public AMI
workloads Ubuntu AMIs
Company-specific Custom security
Private AMI
configurations settings
Pre-configured SAP HANA,
Marketplace AMI
enterprise apps WordPress
Open-source Kali Linux,
Community AMI
learning Security Tools

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Instance Types
✓ The instance type defines the virtual hardware
supporting an Amazon EC2 instance.
✓ There are dozens of instance types available, varying
in the following dimensions:
✓ Virtual CPUs (vCPUs)
✓ Memory
✓ Storage (size and type)
✓ Another variable to consider when choosing an
instance type is network performance.
✓ For most instance types, AWS publishes a relative
measure of network performance: low, moderate, or
high.
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Connecting Instances
✓ Sign in to AWS Management Console
✓ Navigate to EC2 Dashboard
✓ Click on Launch Instance
✓ Choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) (e.g.,
Ubuntu, Windows)
✓ Select an Instance Type (e.g., t2.micro)
✓ Configure networking, security group, and storage
✓ Download and save the Key Pair (.pem file)
✓ Click Launch

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How to Connect EC2

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EC2 Life Cycle
✓ Amazon EC2 has several features and services
that facilitate the management of Amazon EC2
instances over their entire lifecycle.
✓ Launching
✓ Bootstrapping: The process of providing code to be
run on an instance at launch is called bootstrapping.
✓ Managing Instances
✓ AWS offers a service called Amazon CloudWatch that
provides monitoring and alerting for Amazon EC2
instances, and other AWS infrastructure

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EC2 Life Cycle

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AWS VPC
✓ A virtual private cloud (VPC) is a virtual network dedicated to
your AWS account. It is logically isolated from other virtual
networks in the AWS cloud.
✓ You can configure your VPC; you can select its IP address range,
create subnets, and configure route tables, network gateways,
and security settings. A subnet is a range of IP addresses in your
VPC. You can launch AWS resources into a subnet that you
select.
✓ Use a public subnet for resources that must be connected to the
Internet, and a private subnet for resources that won't be
connected to the Internet. Within a region, you can create
multiple Amazon VPCs, and each Amazon VPC is logically
isolated even if it shares its IP address space.

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AWS VPC - Uses
✓ Build virtual networks on the cloud
✓ No need for any VPN, hardware or physical DC
✓ Define bespoke network space like:
✓ VPC with a single public subnet only
✓ VPC with public and private subnets
✓ VPC with public and private subnets and AWS
Site-to-Site VPN access
✓ VPC with a private subnet only and AWS Site-to-
Site VPN access

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AWS VPC -
Components
✓ Subnets
✓ Route tables
✓ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
option sets
✓ Security groups
✓ Network Access Control Lists (ACLs)

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AWS VPC -Additional
Components
✓ Internet Gateways (IGWs)
✓ Elastic IP (EIP) addresses
✓ Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs)
✓ Endpoints
✓ Peering
✓ Network Address Translation (NATs) instances and
✓ NAT gateways Virtual Private Gateway (VPG)

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AWS VPC -
Functioning

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AWS VPC -
Functioning

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AWS VPC -
Functioning
✓ You control how the instances that you launch into a
VPC access resources outside the VPC.
✓ Your default VPC includes an Internet gateway, and
each default subnet is a public subnet.
✓ Each instance that you launch into a default subnet has
a private IPv4 address and a public IPv4 address.

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AWS Storage

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AWS Storage Types

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AWS Storage Types
✓ Block storage : Operates at a lower level— the raw
storage device level— and manages data as a set of
numbered, fixed-size blocks.
✓ File storage : Operates at a higher level— the
operating system level— and manages data as a
named hierarchy of files and folders.
✓ Block and file storage are often accessed over a
network in the form of a Storage Area Network (SAN)
for block storage, using protocols such as iSCSI or
Fiber Channel, or as a Network Attached Storage
(NAS) file server or “filer” for file storage.

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AWS Storage Types

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AWS S3 (Simple
Storage Service)
✓ Amazon S3 is easy-to-use object storage with a
simple web service interface that you can use to store
and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on
the web.
✓ Amazon S3 also allows you to pay only for the
storage you actually use, which eliminates the
capacity planning and capacity constraints associated
with traditional storage.
✓ Amazon S3 can be used alone or in conjunction with
other AWS services, and it offers a very high level of
integration with many other AWS cloud services.
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AWS S3 Uses
• Backup and archive for on-premises or cloud data
• Content, media, and software storage and
distribution
• Big data analytics
• Static website hosting
• Cloud-native mobile and Internet application
hosting
• Disaster recovery

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AWS S3 Working

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AWS S3 Summary
✓ Objects:
✓ Opaque data to be stored (1 byte … 5 Gigabytes)
✓ Authentication and access controls
✓ Buckets:
✓ Object container – any number of objects
✓ 100 buckets per account
✓ Keys:
✓ Unique object identifier within bucket Up to 1024
bytes long
✓ Flat object storage model

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AWS S3 Summary
✓ Standards-Based Interfaces:
✓ REST and SOAP
✓ URL-Addressability – every object has a URL

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AWS Elastic Block
Storage EBS
✓ Amazon EBS provides persistent block-level storage
volumes for use with Amazon EC2 instances.
✓ Each Amazon EBS volume is automatically
replicated within its Availability Zone to protect
you from component failure, offering high
availability and durability.
✓ Amazon EBS volumes are available in a variety of
types that differ in performance characteristics and
price.

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AWS EBS - Uses
• Boot Volumes
• SQL & NoSQL Database
• Big Data workloads
• Data Warehouses
• Logging & Telemetry
• Transaction Processing

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AWS Elastic File
Storage (EFS)
✓ EFS(Elastic file system) is a file-level storage service
that basically provides a shared elastic file system
with virtually unlimited scalability support
✓ EFS is highly available storage that can be utilized
by many servers at the same time. AWS EFS is a fully
managed service by amazon and it offers scalability
on the fly.

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AWS EFS vs AWS EBS
vs AWS S3

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Amazon Glacier
✓ Amazon Glacier is an extremely low-cost storage
service that provides durable, secure, and flexible
storage for data archiving and online backup.
✓ To keep costs low, Amazon Glacier is designed for
infrequently accessed data where a retrieval time of
three to five hours is acceptable.
✓ Amazon Glacier can store an unlimited amount of
virtually any kind of data, in any format.
✓ In most cases, the data stored in Amazon Glacier
consists of large TAR (Tape Archive) or ZIP files.

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Amazon Glacier
✓ In Amazon Glacier, data is stored in archives. An
archive can contain up to 40TB of data, and you can
have an unlimited number of archives.
✓ Each archive is assigned a unique archive ID at the
time of creation.
✓ All archives are automatically encrypted, and
archives are immutable— after an archive is created,
it cannot be modified.

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AWS Usecase
✓ Netflix: Multi-Regional Resiliency and Amazon
Route 53 - YouTube

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What is OpenStack
✓ OpenStack is a cloud operating system that
controls large pools of compute, storage, and
networking resources.
✓ Managed through a dashboard that gives
administrators control while empowering their
users to provision resources through a web
interface.
✓ OpenStack is a set of software tools for building and
managing cloud computing platforms for public
and private clouds.
✓ Managed by OpenStack Foundation a non profit
organization.

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OpenStack Reference
Model

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Differences
Feature AWS (Amazon Web Services) OpenStack
Type Public Cloud Private Cloud (Self-Hosted)
Open-source (managed by OpenStack
Ownership Amazon
Foundation)
Deployment
SaaS, PaaS, IaaS IaaS
Model
Easy to use, fully managed by Requires manual setup and
Ease of Use
AWS maintenance
Highly scalable, global data Scalable, but depends on
Scalability
centers infrastructure
Limited customization, AWS
Flexibility Highly customizable, open-source
controls features
Free (but requires hardware and
Cost Model Pay-as-you-go
maintenance costs)
AWS manages security and
Security Requires user to implement security
compliance
Businesses needing ready-to- Organizations needing private cloud
Best For
use cloud services solutions
Service Compute (EC2), Storage (S3), Compute (Nova), Storage (Swift),
Offerings Databases (RDS), AI/ML, etc. Networking (Neutron), etc.
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Thank You

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