Answer the following questions
Question 1
Define Contour.
Answer
Contours are lines drawn in brown colour, joining places having the same
elevation above mean sea level. The contour lines on a map provide a useful
insight into the topography of an area.
Question 2
What is hachuring used for?
Answer
Hachures are short lines representing directions of a slope. For steep slopes
they are drawn closer together than for the gentle slopes. They cannot be
used for flat ground.
Question 3
What is a gradient? How is it determined?
Answer
The term gradient refers to the slope of the concerned feature. It is
determined by calculating the Horizontal Equivalent. Horizontal Equivalent is
the distance between the two contour lines. If it is less, the slope is steep
and if it is more, the slope is gentle.
Question 4
What are form lines?
Answer
Form lines are the contour lines drawn as broken lines which are used to
indicate the approximate heights above sea level. They are used to indicate
the elevations of the area which are not accessible for proper survey.
Question 5
What are spot heights? How are they represented on the map?
Answer
Spot heights are points which show the height of that point from the mean
sea level. They are represented by a dot with a number beside it. If the spot
height is shown as .220, it means that the height of that point is 220 m from
the mean sea level.
Question 6
What is meant by Bench marks? How are they represented on the map?
Answer
Bench marks are the permanent survey points shown by a stone or a
building. They show the height of that point above sea level through
accurate survey. The Bench mark is represented on the map as 'BM' with a
number beside it. For example, ‘BM 230 m’ shows a bench mark with 230 m
height.
Question 7
What is meant by index contours? In what way are they useful?
Answer
In a contour map, every fifth line in multiple of 20 m is accentuated and is
called the Index Contour.
Index contours make the contour map distinct. They also indicate whether
the height of the terrain is increasing or decreasing.
Question 8
Differentiate between vertical interval and horizontal equivalent.
Answer
Sl.No. Vertical interval Horizontal equivalent
1. It is the vertical distance between two contours. It is the
horizontal distance between two contour.
2. It is generally 20 m. It varies according to the slope of land.
Question 9
What is a grid?
Answer
The network of horizontal and vertical lines, or the Eastings and Northings on
a topo sheet is called the grid.
Question 10
What points should be kept in mind while reading a grid reference?
Answer
The Following point should be kept in mind while reading a grid reference:
Origin is the south-west corner of the map. The reading on the map is always
taken with reference to this origin.
Eastings are always read to the East of the origin.
Northings are always read to the North of the origin.
While giving a grid reference, Eastings are always stated first, followed by
the Northings.
The readings are always taken to the right of the Eastings and to the North of
the Northings
Question 11(a)
Identify and name the relief features represented in the given diagram.
A Hill flat top gentle slope – Identify and name the relief features represented
in the given diagram. Interpretation of Topographical Maps, Geography by
Veena Bhargava Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class 10.
Answer
A Hill flat top gentle slope
Question 11(b)
Identify and name the relief features represented in the given diagram.
A v-shaped Valley – Identify and name the relief features represented in the
given diagram. Interpretation of Topographical Maps, Geography by Veena
Bhargava Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class 10.
Answer
A v-shaped Valley
Question 11©
Identify and name the relief features represented in the given diagram.
A Ridge – Identify and name the relief features represented in the given
diagram. Interpretation of Topographical Maps, Geography by Veena
Bhargava Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class 10.
Answer
A Ridge
Question 11(d)
Identify and name the relief features represented in the given diagram.
A hill with gentle and steep slope – Identify and name the relief features
represented in the given diagram. Interpretation of Topographical Maps,
Geography by Veena Bhargava Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class 10.
Answer
A hill with gentle and steep slope
Question 11€
Identify and name the relief features represented in the given diagram.
A conical hill with steep slope – Identify and name the relief features
represented in the given diagram. Interpretation of Topographical Maps,
Geography by Veena Bhargava Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class 10.
Answer
A conical hill with steep slope
Question 11(f)
Identify and name the relief features represented in the given diagram.
A conical hill – Identify and name the relief features represented in the given
diagram. Interpretation of Topographical Maps, Geography by Veena
Bhargava Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class 10.
Answer
A conical hill
