Bộ Giáo Dục Và Đào Tạo Trƣờng Đại Học Hoa Sen Khoa Khoa Học Và Công Nghệ

B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC HOA SEN

KHOA KHOA HC V CNG NGH
THIT K C S H TNG CHO

TRUNG TM D LIU (DATA CENTER)
Ging vin hng dn
Th.S Ng Hn Chiu
Sinh vin thc hin
Trng Tn Pht - 070341
Lp
VT071
Thng 12 /nm 2010
i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip
LI GII THIU
Cuc cch mng Internet ang ng vai tr quan trng trong x hi thng tin
ngy nay, n i su vo cuc sng hng ngy ca tng c nhn, tng
doanh nghip trong cc ng dng cp nht v x l thng tin. i vi ngnh
thng mi, n cng tr nn quan trng hn khi lin quan ti cc phn mm
qun tr doanh nghip, thng mi in t, truyn thng in t v chia s d
liu .
Do , nhu cu lu tr c t ra cng ln v i hi hnh thnh cc trung
tm d liu (Data Center) ngy cng phc tp v tinh vi. Qua ,
thc y chng ta phi tnh ton, t chc h thng Data Center nhm p ng
ti a nhu cu s dng, cng nh gim chi ph thit lp v vn hnh t
c hiu qu cao v mt kinh t.
H thng Data Center khng n gin l mt h thng lu tr thng thng, n
l tp hp nhiu ng dng cng ngh hin i kt hp li p ng nhng
nhim v quan trng v thng tin. Bn thn s u t h thng Data
Center trong nhiu doanh nghip vn cha hp l hoc tng xng vi s pht
trin v m rng hot ng khng ngng ca doanh nghip, dn n phi i
mt nhiu thch thc v cc s c trong khi vn hnh h thng. Do vy, s ch
trng u
t vo Data Center l quyt nh ng n v mang tnh bt buc, nh c v
l tri tim trong mi trng IT v kinh doanh ca doanh nghip.
Ni dung ca bi lun vn ny s l mt phn quan trng cho s u t Data
Center, bi n nu ra cc kin thc c bn cng cc quy tc chun ha trong
qu trnh thit k v xy dng h tn c s cho Data Center; t nn tng xuyn
sut cho s trin khai ton h thng sau ny. Cc vn ch yu c t ra
trong lun vn ny bao gm:
o Ni dung tiu chun TIA-942
o Tm hiu v phn tch vai tr cc thnh phn ch yu ca
Data
Center
o Cc tin trnh hoch nh trin khai Data Center
Qua , nm c cc kin thc nh hng cn thit, m kt qu t c l
kh nng tnh ton v xut c gii php tng th h tng c s cho mt
Data Center c th.
LI CM N
Trc tin, xin cm n qu trng i hc Hoa Sen cho ti thc hin Kha
Lun Tt Nghip qua c c hi hc tp, nghin cu, tm hiu thm kin
thc v kinh nghim chuyn ngnh cho sau ny.
Trong qu trnh thc hin Kha Lun Tt Nghip v nhng g t c hm
nay, th khng ch l nhng c gng, n lc ca ring bn thn, m trn ht
l phn ln cng lao ging dy v hng dn ca cc thy gio, c gio,cng
nh cc h tr, chia s ca mi ngi nhiu phng din.
Xin chn thnh cm n thy gio Th.S Ng Hn Chiu quan tm, gip ,
gp phn nh hng bi lun, cng nh h tr v tinh thn ti c th thc
hin tt Kha Lun Tt Nghip ny.
V cng xin cm n anh Phm Vn Trung Trng phng IT cng ty tch hp
h thng CMC v anh Nguyn Bo Quc IT Engineer cng ty Sao Bc u,
to iu kin cho ti tip xc trc quan, cng nh chia s cc ti liu v kinh
nghim thc t cn thit cho bi lun.
Sau cng, xin cm n s ng h, ng vin v to iu kin thun li t gia
nh, bn b dnh cho ti sut thi gian thc hin Kha Lun Tt Nghip ny.
Tuy c rt nhiu c gng, song bi lun vn chc chn khng th trnh khi
nhng thiu st v hn ch. Rt mong s thng cm v nhng kin ng gp
qu bu t mi ngi.
NHN XT CA NGI HNG DN

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ngi hng dn k tn
MC LC
LI GII THIU ............................................................................................. 2
LI CM N .................................................................................................... 3
NHN XT CA NGI HNG DN ..................................................... 4
MC LC.......................................................................................................... 5
DANH MC HNH NH................................................................................. 9
NHP ......................................................................................................... 11
CHNG 1 : DATA CENTER V TIU CHUN TIA-942 .................... 12
1.1 Tng quan v thit k Data Center................................................. 12
1.1.1 Khi qut ..................................................................................... 12
1.1.2 Quan h ca Data Center vi cc khng gian xy dng khc 12
1.1.3 Vic phn cp (Tiering) .............................................................. 13
1.1.4 Xem xt vic tham gia ca cc chuyn gia ................................ 13
1.2 Cu trc Data Center....................................................................... 14
1.2.1 Cc thnh phn chnh trong Data Center ................................ 14
1.2.2 Topology ca Data Center.......................................................... 15
1.2.2.1
1.2.2.2
1.2.2.3
Topology in hnh ........................................................................ 15

Topology thu gn............................................................................ 15
Topogy m rng ............................................................................. 16
1.3 H thng cable Data Center ............................................................ 17

1.3.1 Cu trc thnh phn c bn ca h thng cable Data Center 17
1.3.2 ng cable Horizontal ............................................................. 18
1.3.2.1
1.3.2.2
1.3.2.3
1.3.2.4
1.3.3
Khi qut ........................................................................................ 18

Topology.......................................................................................... 19
di ng cable Horizontal ..................................................... 19
Thit b truyn dn c chp nhn ............................................ 20
ng cable Backbone ............................................................... 21
1.3.3.1
1.3.3.2
1.3.3.3
1.3.3.4
Khi qut ........................................................................................ 21

Topology.......................................................................................... 21
Thit b truyn dn c chp nhn ............................................ 22
di ng cable Backbone ...................................................... 23
1.4 Tiu chun TIA-942 ......................................................................... 23

1.4.1 Cc yu cu cho Computer Room ............................................. 23
1.4.1.1
1.4.1.2
1.4.1.3
1.4.1.4
1.4.2
Cc yu cu cho Entrance Room ............................................... 26
1.4.2.1
1.4.2.2
1.4.2.3
1.4.3
V tr ................................................................................................ 24
Thit k kin trc ........................................................................... 24
Thit k mi trng ....................................................................... 25
Thit k in ................................................................................... 26
V tr ................................................................................................ 26
S lng .......................................................................................... 26
Thit k kin trc ........................................................................... 27
Cc yu cu cho Main Distribution Area ................................. 27
1.4.3.1
1.4.3.2
1.4.4
1.4.4.1
V tr ................................................................................................ 27
Cc yu cu thit b ........................................................................ 27
Cc yu cu cho Horizontal Distribution Area ........................... 27
V tr ................................................................................................ 28
1.4.5
1.4.6
1.4.7
1.4.8
1.4.9
Cc yu cu cho Zone Distribution Area .................................. 28

Cc yu cu cho Equipment Distribution Area ....................... 28
Cc yu cu cho Telecommunications Room ........................... 28
Cc yu cu cho cc vng h tr Data Center ......................... 28
Cc yu cu v Rack v Cabinet................................................ 29
1.4.9.1
1.4.9.2
Hot-aisle v Cold-aisle ................................................................... 29

Sp t thit b ............................................................................... 29
1.5 S d phng cho Data Center ......................................................... 30

1.5.1 D phng cho Entrance Room................................................... 31
1.5.2 D phng cho Main Distribution Area ..................................... 32
1.5.3 D phng ng cable Backbone.............................................. 32
1.5.4 D phng ng cable Horizontal ............................................ 32
CHNG 2: MT S THNH PHN QUAN TRNG CHO H
THNG C S H TNG DATA CENTER ............................................. 33
2.1 H thng UPS Cc dng h thng UPS ....................................... 33
2.1.1 UPS Standby ................................................................................ 33
2.1.2 UPS Line-Interactive .................................................................. 33
2.1.3 UPS Double-conversion Online ................................................. 34
2.1.4 UPS Delta-conversion ................................................................. 35
2.2 H thng iu ha Cc dng h thng iu ha ......................... 36
2.2.1 Cc phng php gii nhit ....................................................... 36
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.2
2.2.1.3
2.2.1.4
2.2.1.5
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
Cc h thng lm lnh bng khng kh (2-b phn) .................. 36

Cc h thng lm lnh khng kh khp kn (1-b phn) ............ 37
H thng lm lnh bng glycol ..................................................... 38
H thng lm lnh bng nc ....................................................... 39
H thng lm lnh bng nc lnh .............................................. 41
H thng lm lnh chnh xc gn trn v sn nh................... 42

Cc sp xp phng php kt hp lm lnh ............................ 43
Cc xem xt i vi mi trng IT ........................................... 44
2.2.4.1
2.2.4.2
2.2.4.3
2.2.4.4
2.2.4.5
T h thng in............................................................................. 45
Khu vc phng my ....................................................................... 46
Data Center nh ............................................................................. 48
Data Center trung bnh ................................................................. 50
Data Center ln .............................................................................. 51
2.2.5 Cc la chn cho h thng lm lnh ......................................... 53

2.3 H thng phng nga ha hon ...................................................... 53
2.3.1 Phn loi cc dng ha hon ...................................................... 53
2.3.2 Chn la gii php phng cha ha hon ................................ 55
2.3.3 Cc dng h thng d tm ha hon .......................................... 55
2.3.3.1
2.3.3.2
2.3.3.3
2.3.4
Thit b d tm khi ti ch ........................................................... 55

Cc thit b d tm khi thng minh ti ch ................................ 57
Thit b d tm khi ly mu khng kh....................................... 57
Cc dng h thng cha chy .................................................... 58
2.3.4.1
2.3.4.2
2.3.4.3
2.3.4.4
2.3.4.5
Bt.................................................................................................... 58
Ha cht kh................................................................................... 58
H thng phun nc (sprinkler) ................................................... 58
Bnh cha chy xch tay................................................................ 60
H thng cha chy hng thy ..................................................... 61
2.3.5 Nt nhn bo chy v cc thit b tn hiu ............................... 63

2.3.6 H thng iu khin .................................................................... 64
2.3.7 Trang thit b c nhim quan trng ........................................ 65
2.3.8 Cc thc thi tt nht cho doanh nghip .................................... 66
2.4 H thng mng cable........................................................................ 67
2.4.1 Kh nng chu ng c hc........................................................ 67
2.4.1.1
2.4.1.2
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
V tr cc b ni (p dng chung cho tt c cc m rng) ...... 68

V tr cc ct ........................................................................... 69
Cc x l kim loi v b mt mng cable ................................. 70
2.4.4.1
2.4.4.2
2.4.5
2.4.6
2.4.7
2.4.8
Trng ti hot ng an ton cho h thng mng cable .............. 67

Trng ti hot ng an ton cho cc ph kin ............................ 68
S n mn ....................................................................................... 70
Thp trng ...................................................................................... 71
Tng thch in t (EMC-ElectroMagnetic Compatibility). 72

S lin tc in t ....................................................................... 73
Mng ni t................................................................................ 74
Phng cha chy ......................................................................... 75
2.4.8.1
2.4.8.2
Kh nng chu la .......................................................................... 75

Khc phc chy lan qua h thng mng cable ............................ 75
CHNG 3: TNG QUAN HOCH NH XY DNG H THNG

C S DATACENTER ................................................................................. 77
3.1 Quy trnh d n Data Center .......................................................... 77
3.1.1 Cc yu t cu thnh d n........................................................ 77
3.1.2 S cn thit mt quy trnh chun ha....................................... 77
3.1.3 S chun ha vi s ty bin ..................................................... 78
3.1.4 Cu trc c bn ca mt quy trnh d n ................................ 78
3.1.4.1
3.1.4.2
3.1.4.3
3.1.4.4
3.1.4.5
Cc c im thit yu ca quy trnh........................................... 79

Cc giai on, cc bc v cc mc quan trng ......................... 80
Cc hot ng khng ng b....................................................... 81
Ni dung mi bc thc thi .......................................................... 81
Qun l d n ................................................................................. 82
3.2 Phng php hoch nh................................................................. 82

3.2.1 Trnh t hoch nh .................................................................... 83
3.2.1.1
3.2.1.2
3.2.1.3
3.2.1.4
3.2.1.5
Nhim v th 1: Xc nh cc thng s ....................................... 85

Nhim v th 2: M rng tng h thng ................................ 87
Nhim v th 3: Xc nh cc yu cu ngi dng .................... 87
Nhim v th 4: To bn chi tit k thut................................... 88
Nhim v th 5: To thit k chi tit............................................ 88
CHNG 4: MU GII PHP THC T CHO DOANH NGHIP ..... 90

4.1 Cc d liu thng tin cn thit ........................................................ 90
4.1.1 Hin trng .................................................................................... 90
4.1.2 Yu cu ......................................................................................... 90
4.1.3 Tiu ch thit k ........................................................................... 91
4.2 Gii php k thut ........................................................................... 92
4.2.1 H tng c s ............................................................................... 92
4.2.1.1
4.2.1.2
4.2.1.3
Ti trng sn, sn nng v cao thng tng ............................. 92

Tng, trn nh v ca ra vo ..................................................... 92
Thit k b tr ................................................................................. 93
4.2.2
4.2.3
H thng lm mt gii nhit cho Data Center ....................... 94

H thng in cho Data Center: ................................................ 96
4.2.3.1
4.2.3.2
4.2.3.3
4.2.3.4
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.6
4.2.7
4.2.8
4.2.9
4.2.10
4.2.11
UPS .................................................................................................. 96
Ngun in li .............................................................................. 97
My pht in................................................................................. 97
H thng phn phi in ............................................................... 98
H thng phng cha chy ....................................................... 100

H thng chiu sng .................................................................. 100
H thng Camera quan st....................................................... 100
H thng qun l truy nhp (Access Control)........................ 100
H thng t rack v ph kin................................................... 101
H thng cable LAN, SAN v kt ni vin thng ................... 101
H thng mng cable d liu ................................................. 103
H thng gim st, qun tr tp trung .................................. 103
4.2.11.1
4.2.11.2
H thng gim st..................................................................... 103

H thng qun tr tp trung (KVM) ...................................... 103
4.3 Hoch nh trin khai .................................................................... 103

PH LC ....................................................................................................... 105
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................ 122
DANH MC HNH NH
Hnh 1.1.1 Mi quan h ca cc khng gian trong Data Center .................... 13
Hnh 1.2.1 Topology Data Center c bn ...................................................... 15
Hnh 1.2.2 Topology Data Center thu gn..................................................... 16
Hnh 1.2.3 Topology Data Center m rng ................................................... 17
Hnh 1.3.1 Cu trc c s h thng cable Data Center .................................. 18
Hnh 1.3.2 ng cable Horizontal trong m hnh Star-topology ................ 19
Hnh 1.3.3 Bng mu chiu di ti a cable Horizontal v equipment-area . 20
Hnh 1.3.4 ng cable Backbone trong m hnh Star-topology ................. 22
Hnh 1.4.1 V tr ca Hot-aisle v Cold-aisle................................................. 29
Hnh 1.5.1 M hnh d phng c s h tng vin thng .............................. 31
Hnh 2.1.1 M hnh h thng UPS Standby................................................... 33
Hnh 2.1.2 M hnh h thng UPS Line-Interactive ...................................... 34
Hnh 2.1.3 M hnh h thng UPS Double-conversion ................................. 35
Hnh 2.1.4 M hnh h thng UPS Delta-conversion .................................... 36
Hnh 2.1.5 Bng so snh cc loi UPS........................................................... 36
Hnh 2.2.1 M hnh h thng lm lnh bng khng kh (2-b phn) ............ 37
Hnh 2.2.2 M hnh h thng lm mt bng khng kh c lp (1-b phn) 38
Hnh 2.2.3 M hnh h thng lm lnh bng glycol ...................................... 39
Hnh 2.2.4 M hnh h thng lm lnh bng nc ........................................ 40
Hnh 2.2.5 M hnh h thng lm lnh bng nc lnh ................................ 41
Hnh 2.2.6 Bng m t cc sp xp phng n kt hp lm lnh.................. 44
Hnh 2.2.11 Bng m t cc sp xp phng n kt hp lm lnh................ 53
Hnh 2.3.1 Bng m t cp ha hon ........................................................ 54
Hnh 2.3.2 Thit b d tm khi ti ch .......................................................... 55
Hnh 2.3.3 Bng m t phm vi bao ph ca thit b d tm ......................... 56
Hnh 2.3.4 M t cu to thit b d tm quang in ..................................... 56
Hnh 2.3.5 H thng d tm ly mu khng kh............................................. 58
Hnh 2.3.6 Thit b vi phun sprinkler........................................................... 59
Hnh 2.3.7 M t h thng cha chy vi phun Wet-pipe ............................. 59
Hnh 2.3.8 M t h thng cha chy vi phun Dry-pipe ............................. 60
Hnh 2.3.9 Bnh cha chy xch tay .............................................................. 60
Hnh 2.3.10 M t h thng cha chy hng thy ......................................... 61
Hnh 2.3.11 Nt nhn bo chy ..................................................................... 63
Hnh 2.3.12 Cc thit b tn hiu bo chy..................................................... 64
Hnh 2.3.13 H thng iu khin phng nga ha hon ............................... 64
Hnh 2.4.1 Trng ti an ton cho mng cable ................................................ 68
Hnh 2.4.2 Trng ti an ton cho ph kin mng cable ................................. 68
Hnh 2.4.2 V tr cc b ni............................................................................ 69
Hnh 2.4.3 V tr cc ct ............................................................................ 70
Hnh 2.4.4 Mi khc bit gia cc thnh phn kim loi ................................ 70
Hnh 2.4.5 S tng xng thnh phn kim loi............................................. 71
Hnh 2.4.6 Bng m t thp trng tng thch mi trng............................ 71
9
Hnh 2.4.7 Bng m t cc phng php trng thp...................................... 72

Hnh 2.4.8 M t cc yu t lin quan n EMC........................................... 72
Hnh 2.4.9 Cc quy tc quan trng cho mng cable ...................................... 73
Hnh 2.4.10 Cu trc mng cable ph hp .................................................... 73
Hnh 2.4.11 M t mng ni t .................................................................... 74
Hnh 2.4.12 M t ph kin chuyn dng cho ni t ................................... 75
Hnh 2.4.13 Bng nh gi kh nng chu la ca mng cable ..................... 75
Hnh 2.4.14 Thit b chng chy lan EZ-Path ............................................... 76
Hnh 3.1.1 Quy trnh d n Data Center ........................................................ 77
Hnh 3.1.2 Cc giai on ca quy trnh d n Data Center ........................... 80
Hnh 3.1.3 Ni dung c bn ca mi bc thc thi....................................... 82
Hnh 3.2.1 Cc nhim v trong trnh t hoch nh ...................................... 83
Hnh 3.2.2 M t trnh t thc hin cc nhim v hoch nh ...................... 84
Hnh 3.2.4 Bng cp thng s Hn mc ................................................... 86
Hnh 3.2.5 M t thng s cho K hoch pht trin ...................................... 87
Hnh 4.1.1 M t hin trng cho mu gii php thc t................................. 90
Hnh 4.2.1 M t b tr cho mu gii php thc t ........................................ 93
Hnh 4.2.2 Hnh dng Condenser................................................................... 94
Hnh 4.2.3 M t h thng in cho mu gii php thc t ........................... 96
Hnh 4.2.4 M t phn phi in cho mu gii php thc t ......................... 98
Hnh 4.2.5 M t m hnh u ni cable cho mu gii php thc t ........... 102
10
NHP
Cc vn t ra cho Trung Tm D Liu (Data Center)
i vi bt k mt cng ty, doanh nghip hay mt t chc no, Trung Tm D
Liu chnh l tri tim ca h thng hot ng cng ngh thng tin. Mi hot
ng u gn lin vi Trung tm d liu, t cc ng dng nghip
v, mi trng lm vic cng tc n cc ng dng tng tc. Trong
vng hn mt thp k qua, s pht trin ca Internet v cc cng ngh pht
trin ng dng da trn nn tng Web lm cho Trung tm d liu mang tm
chin lc hn bao gi ht.
Cc nh qun l Trung tm d liu ang phi ng u vi nhng thch thc
nhm t c nhng mc ch trn. Hu ht cc trung tm d liu v ang
pht trin rt nhanh chng p ng c s bng n, pht trin v kinh t,
v quy m t chc ca cc doanh nghip. Hu qu l cc ng dng
thng c pht trin mt cc c lp, ring l, dn n vic s dng khng hiu
qu, to ra cc cc c o ri rc v mt c s h tng. Mi c o c s h
tng c thit k thin v vic phc v mt ng dng nht nh, chnh v vy
mt Trung tm d liu in hnh thng h tr mt tp hp cc h iu hnh,
cc
h thng my ch, v cc h thng lu tr khc nhau. C s h tng hn tp, h
tr cc c o ng dng khc nhau, dn n nhng kh khn rt ln khi c yu
cu thay i, hoc m rng Trung tm d liu cng nh rt tn km trong vic
qun l, tch hp, m bo an ninh v thc hin sao lu d phng.
Mc tiu ra cho bi lun vn
Da theo tnh hnh trn cho thy rng mt trong nhng mc tiu ht sc quan
trng ca Trung tm d liu l c c mt c s h tng thng nht, c kh
nng phi kt hp cht ch cc cng ngh ng dng, cng ngh mng, cng
ngh lu tr v cng ngh tnh ton, l cc cng ngh m ang ngy cng pht
trin, ci thin. Bn cnh c s h tng Trung tm d liu cn
phi tng cng sc mnh ca h thng Cng ngh thng tin, cho php h tr
ngy cng
tt hn na qu trnh hot ng kinh doanh ang thay i.
Qua , cho thy i hi s nm bt cc tiu chun quc t v thit k v xy
dng Trung tm d liu (TIA-942); c bit l giai on hoch nh hnh thnh
nn mt Trung tm d liu tiu chun. S nhn thc r vai tr cc thnh phn
ch cht trong Trung tm d liu: h thng UPS, h thng lm lnh c tc ng
to ln n s vn hnh h thng, m bo s n nh, d phng v p ng kh
nng m rng h thng.
Ngoi ra, cn phi hiu r s sp xp, t chc quy trnh thc thi trnh sai
st, m bo t ng cc yu cu trin khai mt Trung tm d
liu chun mc.
Qua , ra mt m hnh gii php tng th mu c th vn dng c
nh mt gii php tham kho cho cc tnh hung thc tin.
11
CHNG 1 : DATA CENTER V TIU CHUN TIA-942

1.1 Tng quan v thit k Data Center
1.1.1 Khi qut
Mc ch ca mc ny l a ra cc thng tin chung v cc yu t phi c
xem xt khi ln k hoch thit k mt Data Center. Cc thng tin v kin
cho php mt thc thi hiu qu thit k Data Center l bng vic xc nh cc
cng vic thch hp t c trong mi bc ca qu trnh lp k
hoch v thit k.
Cc bc trong qu trnh thit k c m t di y p dng cho vic thit
k mt Data Center (c xy mi hoc m rng):
Xem xt cc yu cu v thit b vin thng, khng gian, nng lng v
vic lm mt ca Data Center ht cng sut. D on khuynh hng
tng lai v vin thng, nng lng v vic lm mt qua sut thi gian
hot ng ca Data Center.
Bo m cc yu cu khng gian, nng lng, vic lm mt, an ninh, ti
trng sn, bo v in, v cc phng tin khc cho cc kin trc s v
k s. Bo m cc yu cu cho trung tm hot ng, phng lu tr, cc
vng trung gian v cc vng h tr khc.
Kt hp cc k hoch Data Center t cc kin trc s v k s. ngh
cc thay i theo yu cu.
Lp mt k hoch tng thit b bao gm s b tr ca cc phng ch cht
v
khng
gian
cho
cc
Entrance
Room,
Main
Distribution
Area, Horizontal
Distribution
Area,
Zone
Distribution Area v Equipment Distribution Area. Bo m cc
yu cu nng lng, vic lm mt, ti trng sn d kin cho thit b.
Bo m cc yu cu cho cc ng dn vin thng.
Tip nhn cc cp nht k hoch t cc k s vi cc ng dn vin
thng, thit b in v thit b k thut c thm vo k hoch mc
ht cng sut.
Thit k h thng ng cable vin thng da trn cc nhu cu ca thit
b c t trong Data Ceter.
1.1.2 Quan h ca Data Center vi cc khng gian xy dng khc
Hnh 1 minh ha cc khng gian chnh ca mt Data Center tiu biu v quan
h ca chng vi cc khng gian bn ngoi Data Center.
12
Hnh 1.1.1 Mi quan h ca cc khng gian trong Data Center

1.1.3 Vic phn cp (Tiering)
Chun TIA-942 bao gm thng tin v bn cp lin quan ti cc mc khc
nhau v sn sng v bo mt ca c s h tng thit b Data Center. Cp cao
hn tng ng vi sn sng v bo mt cao hn.
1.1.4 Xem xt vic tham gia ca cc chuyn gia
Data Center c thit k x l cc yu cu ca mt lng ln my tnh v
thit b vin thng. Do , cc chuyn gia k thut thng tin v vin thng cng
nh cc nh chuyn mn nn c tham gia trong vic thit k Data
Center ngay t lc bt u.
13
Ngoi cc yu cu v khng gian, khng gian, hot ng cho my tnh v thit

b vin thng, thit k Data Center cn nh a ch cc yu cu ca cc ng
dn vin thng v cc khng gian c nh r.
1.2 Cu trc Data Center
1.2.1 Cc thnh phn chnh trong Data Center
Khng gian Data Center bao gm Entrance Room, Main Distribution
Area
(MDA), Horizontal Distribution Area (HDA), Zone Distribution Area
(ZDA)
v Equipment Distribution Area (EDA).
Entrance Room: l khng gian dng cho giao tip gia h thng ng cable
c cu trc Data Center v ng cable gia cc ta nh, c Access-provider
v Customer-owned. Entrance Room c th c t bn ngoi
Computer Room (nu Data Center trong mt ta nh bao gm cc
vn phng thng thng) hoc cc dng khng gian khc bn ngoi Data Center.
C th t bn ngoi Computer Room nhm tng cng bo mt, nh l
trnh c nhu cu cc k thut vin Access-provider i vo Computer
Room. Data Center c th c nhiu Entrance Room p ng b sung d phng
hoc trnh vt qu di ti a cable. Entrance Room giao tip vi
Computer Room thng qua Main Distribution Area, nn c th t gn
k hoc kt hp vi Main
Distribution Area.
Main Distribution Area: bao gm Main Cross-connect (MC), l im
phn phi tp trung ca h thng ng cable c cu trc Data Center v c
th bao gm Horizontal Cross-connect (HC) khi cc Equipment Area
c p ng trc tip t Main Distribution Area. Khng gian ny
bn trong Computer Room; n cng c c t mt phng chuyn bit v
mc ch bo mt. Mi Data Center c t nht mt Main Distribution Area. Cc
Computer Room core- router, core-LAN-switch, core-SAN-switch, v
PBX thng t trong Main Distribution Area, bi khng gian ny l trung
tm ca c s h tng cable cho Data Center. Main Distribution Area c
p ng mt hoc nhiu Horizontal Distribution Area hoc Equipment
Distribution Area bn trong Data Center v p ng mt hoc nhiu
Telecommunications Room c t bn ngoi khng gian Computer Room
h trc cc vn phng, trung tm hot ng v cc phng h tr bn
ngoi.
Horizontal Distribution Area: dng p ng Equipment
Area khi Horizontal Cross-connect (HC) khng c t trong Main
Distribution Area. Do , khi c s dng, Horizontal Distribution Area c th
bo gm HC, n
im
phn
phi
ng
cable
ti
cc
Equipment
Distribution Area. Horizontal Distribution Area bn trong Computer
Room, nhng c th t trong mt phng chuyn bit thuc Computer
Room tng cng bo mt. Horizontal Distributio Area in hnh bao
gm cc LAN-switch, SAN-switch, KVM-switch (Keyboard/Video/Mouse)
14
cho cc thit b u cui c t trong Equipment Distribution Area. Mt Data

Center c th c cc Computer Room c t nhiu tng vi mi tng
c p ng bi HC ca ring n. Mt Data Center nh c th khng yu
cu Horizontal Area, bi ton b Computer Room c th c p ng
t Main Distribution Area. Tuy vy, mt Data Center in hnh s c
mt vi Horizontal Distribution Area.
15
Equipment Distribution Area: l khng gian c ch nh cho cc thit b u

cui, bao gm h thng my tnh v thit b vin thng. N s khng p ng
cho cc mc ch ca Entrance Room, Maind Distribution
Area hoc Horizontal Distribution Area.
Mt im kt ni ty thuc ng cable Horizontal c gi l mt
Zone Distribution
Area.
N
c
t
gia
Horizontal
Distribution Area v Equipment Distribution Area cho php vic iu
chnh thng xuyn v linh hot.
1.2.2 Topology ca Data Center
1.2.2.1 Topology in hnh
Mt Data Center in hnh bao gm mt Entrance Room duy nht, c th mt
hoc nhiu Telecommunications Room, mt Main Distribution Area v mt vi
Horizontal Distribution Area.
Hnh 1.2.1 Topology Data Center c bn

1.2.2.2 Topology thu gn
Cc thit k Data Center c th hp nht Main Cross-connect, v Horizontal
Cross-connect vo mt Main Distribution Area duy nht, c th c bng mt
cabinet/rack. Cc Telecommunications Room cho ng cable ti cc vng h
tr v Entrance Room cng c th c hp nht vo trong Main Distribution
Area.
16
Hnh 1.2.2 Topology Data Center thu gn

1.2.2.3 Topogy m rng
Nhiu Telecommunications Room c yu cu cho cc Data Center vi vng
h tr v vn phng ln hoc xa cch nhau.
Cc hn ch khong cch s yu cu nhiu Entrance Room cho cc Data Center
ln. Cc Entrance Room thm vo phi c kt ni ti Main
Distribution Area v Horizontal Distribution Area chng h tr vic s
dng cc cable xon i, cable quang v cable ng trc (Primary Entrance
Room s khng
c kt ni trc tip vo Horizontal Distribution Area; cc Secondary Entrance
Room c php c ng cable trc tip ti Horizontal Distribution Area nu cc
Secondary Entrance Room c thm trnh cc hn ch vt mc chiu di
ti a) (Mc d ng cable t Secondary Entrance Room trc tip ti
Horizontal Distribution Area khng c thc thi ph bin hay khuyn khch,
nhng n c cho php p ng nht nh cc hn ch v chiu di v nhu
cu d phng.
17
Hnh 1.2.3 Topology Data Center m rng

1.3
H thng cable Data Center

1.3.1 Cu trc thnh phn c bn ca h thng cable Data Center
Hnh 2 minh ha mt m hnh tiu biu v cc thnh phn chc
nng khc nhau c trong h thng cable ca mt Data Center. N m t mi
quan h gia cc thnh phn v cch n c thit lp lp nn mt h thng
tng th.
Cc thnh phn c bn ca cu trc h thng cable Data Center gm c:
ng cable Horizontal
ng cable Backbone
Cross-connect trong Entrance Room hoc Main Distribution Area
Main Cross-connect (MC) trong Main Distribution Area
Horizontal Cross-connect (HC) trong Telecommunications Room,
Horizontal Distribution Area hoc Main Distribution Area.
Zone-outlet hoc Consolidation-point trong Zone Distribution Area
Outlet trong Equipment Distribution Area
18
Hnh 1.3.1 Cu trc c s h thng cable Data Center

1.3.2 ng cable Horizontal
1.3.2.1 Khi qut
ng cable Horizontal l mt phn ca h thng ng cable vin thng ko
t mechanical-termination trong Equipment Distribution Area ti
Horizontal Cross-connect trong Horizontal Distribution Area hoc ti Main
Cross-connect trong Main Distribution Area. ng cable Horizontal
bao gm cc cable
Horizontal, cc mechanical-termination v cc patch-cord hoc jumper, v c
th bao gm mt zone-outlet hoc mt consolidation-point trong
Zone
Distribution Area.
Mt phn dch v v h thng ph bin cn c xem xt khi thit k ng
cable Horizontal:
Voice, modem, v dch v sao chp vin thng (fax);
Thit b Premises-switching;
Cc kt ni qun l vin thng v my tnh;
19
Cc kt ni KVM (Keyboard/Video/Mouse);
20
Cc giao tip d liu;

Cc mng WAN, LAN, SAN;
Cc h thng tn hiu khc ca to nh (Cc h thng t ng nh bo
chy, HVAC)
Ngoi vic p ng cc yu cu vin thng, ng cable Horizontal phi c k
hoch gim thiu vic bo tr lin tc v xy dng li. N cng phi thch
hp vi cc thay i thit b v dch v tng lai. S xem xt c a ra phi
tng xng vi s a dng cc ng dng ngi dng m gim thiu hoc
loi tr cc kh nng yu cu thay i i vi ng cable Horizontal khi thit
b cn pht trin. ng cable Horizontal c th c tip cn iu chnh
pha di access-floor hoc pha trn cc h thng mng cable. Tuy vy, trong
kh nng ln k hoch hp l, vic xo trn ng cable Horizontal ch nn
xy ra trong thi gian b sung cc ng cable mi.
1.3.2.2 Topology
ng cable Horizontal s c thit lp theo m hnh Startopology. Mi mechanical-termination trong Equipment Distribution Area s
c kt ni ti Horizontal Cross-connect trong Horizontal Distribution Area
hoc ni ti Main Cross-connect trong Main Distribution Area thng qua cable
Horizontal.
Hnh 1.3.2 ng cable Horizontal trong m hnh Star-topology

ng cable Horizontal s khng c hn mt consolidation-point trong Zone
Distribution Area (gia Horizontal Cross-connect trong Horizontal Distribution
Area v mechanical-termination trong Equipment Distribution Area).
1.3.2.3 di ng cable Horizontal
di ng cable Horizontal l chiu di cable t mechanicaltermination ca thit b ti Horizontal Cross-connect trong Horizontal
Distribution Area hoc t Main Distribution Area ti mechanicaltermination ca thit b trong Equipment Distribution Area. di nm ngang
ti a l 90 m (295 ft), khng ph thuc vo loi thit b. di knh ti a
bao gm c cc dy thit b l
21
100 m (328 ft). Chiu di cable ti a trong Data Center khng

bao gm
22
Horizontal Distribution Area l 300m (984 ft) cho ng cable quang gm c

dy thit b, 90 m (294 ft) cho ng cable ng loi tr dy thit b v 100 m
(328 ft) cho ng cable ng bao gm dy thit b. Nu zone-outlet c s
dng, di nm ngang ti a ca cc thit b ng s c gim cho ph hp.
Ngoi ra, di cable Horizontal trong Computer Room phi cn c gim
bt b cho cc dy thit b di hn. V vy, xem xt k
di cable Horizontal s m bo di ng cable v cc yu cu truyn
ti khng b vt mc khi cc dy thit b c gn lin
Chiu di ti a cho ng cable ng:
Cable thit b ng c dng trong zone-outlet trong Zone Distribution Area,
phi tha cc yu cu ca ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2 Da trn vic suy xt s suy
gim, chiu di ti a c xc nh theo sau:
C = (102 - H)/(1 + D)
Z = X - T 22 m (72 ft) cho 24 AWG UTP/ScTP hoc 17 m (56 ft) cho 26
AWG ScTP
Vi:
C l chiu di kt hp ti a ca cable zone-area, cable thit b v patch-cord.
H l chiu di ca cable Horizontal (H + C 100 m).
D l h s suy gim ca loi patch-cord ( 0.2 cho 24 AWG UTP / 24 AWG
ScTP v 0.5 cho 26 AWG ScTP).
Z l chiu di ti a ca cable zone-area.
T l tng chiu di ca patch-cord v dy thit b.
24 AWG UTP / 24 AWG ScTP
Chiu di
ca cable
Horizontal
Chiu
ti a
cable
area
Chiu
di
di kt hp ti a
ca ca cablezonezone- are, patch cord
v dy thit b
(H)
26 AWG ScTP
Chiu
ti a
cable
area
Chiu
di
di kt hp ti a
ca ca cablezonezone- are, patch cord
v dy thit b
(C)
(C)
90 m (295 ft)
(Z)
5 m (16 ft)
10 m (33 ft)
(Z)
4 m (13 ft)
8 m (26 ft)
85 m (279 ft)
9 m (30 ft)
14 m (46 ft)
7 m (23 ft)
11 m (35 ft)
80 m (262 ft)
13 m (44 ft)
18 m (59 ft)
11 m (35 ft)
15 m (49 ft)
75 m (246 ft)
17 m (56ft)
22 m (72ft)
14 m (46 ft)
18 m (59 ft)
70 m (230 ft)
22 m (72 ft)
27 m (89 ft)
17 m (56 ft)
21 m (70 ft)
Hnh 1.3.3 Bng mu chiu di ti a cable Horizontal v equipment-area

1.3.2.4 Thit b truyn dn c chp nhn
Do lng ln dch v v quy m site vi ng cable Horizontal c s dng,
nn c hn mt phng tin truyn ti (trung gian) c chp nhn. TIA-942
23
ch nh r loi truyn ti, n s c s dng ring l hoc trong s kt hp

trong ng cable Horizontal.
Cable, phn cng kt ni ph, jumper, patch-cord, dy thit b v dy zone-area
c chp nhn phi tha cc yu cu thch hp c ch nh
r trong ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2 v ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3
Phng tin truyn dn c chp nhn l:
- 100 ohm twisted-pair cable (ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2), category 6
recommended (ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1);
- multimode optical fiber cable, 62.5/125 micron hoc 50/125
micron (ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3), 50/125 micron 850 nm laser optimized
multimode fiber is recommended (ANSI/TIA-568-B.3-1);
- single-mode optical fiber cable (ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3).
Phng tin truyn dn ng trc c chp nhn l 75 ohm (loi 734 va 735)
coaxial cable (Telcordia Technologies GR-139-CORE) v coaxial
connector (ANSI T1.404).
Cc knh c xy dng t cable, phn cng kt ni ph, jumper, patch-cord,
dy thit b v dy zone-area c chp nhn phi tha cc yu cu c ch
nh trong ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1, ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2, ANSI/TIA/EIA568-B.3 v ANSI T1.404 (DS3).
1.3.3 ng cable Backbone
1.3.3.1 Khi qut
Chc nng ca ng cable Backbone l cung cp cc kt ni
gia Main Distribution Area, Horizontal Distribution Area v cc
phng tin Entrance Room trong h thng ng cable Data Center. ng
cable Backbone gm c cable Backbone, Main Cross-connect, Horizontal
Cross-connect, mechanical- termination, v patch-cord hoc jumper
dng cho Backbone-to-Backbone Cross-connect.
ng cable Backbone c yu cu p ng cc nhu cu ca
ngi s dng trong mt hay vi giai on lp k hoch, mi giai
on ko di mt khong lch trnh c th l nhiu ngy hay nhiu thng.
Trong sut mi thi k
lp k hoch, thit k ng cable Backbone phi thch hp vi s pht trin v
cc thay i v cc yu cu dch v m khng cn s thit lp
thm ng cable. di ca thi k lp k hoch ph thuc thit yu vo hu
cn thit k, bao gm vic cung ng vt liu, vn chuyn, lp t v iu khin
k thut.
ng cable Backbone phi cho php iu chnh mng v s pht trin tng
lai m khng xo trn ng cable Backbone. N phi h tr cc yu cu kt ni
khc nhau, bao gm c kt ni mng v kt ni physical-console nh cc
kt ni LAN, WAN, SAN, cc kt ni my tnh v thit b.
1.3.3.2 Topology
a. Star-topology
ng cable Backbone dng m hnh Star-topology c th bc, trong mi
24
Horizontal Cross-connect trong Horizontal Distribution Area c ni cable ti
25
mt Main Cross-connect trong Main Distribution Area. Khng c hn mt mc

th bc Cross-connect trong ng cable Backbone. T Horizontal
Cross- connect, khng c hn mt Cross-connect
c cho thng
qua n Horizontal Cross-connect khc.
S hin din Horizontal Cross-connect th khng bt buc. Khi
Horizontal
Cross-connect khng c s dng, ng cable ko t Main Crossconnect
ti mechanical-termination trong Equipment Distribution Area c
xem l ng cable Horizontal. Nu ng cable Horizontal c
cho thng qua Horizontal Distribution Area, th phi c on cable
chng trong Horizontal Distribution Area dch chuyn cable
khi di chuyn ti mt Cross- connect.
Cross-connect ca ng cable Backbone c t trong Telecommunications
Room,
Equipment
Room,
Main
Distribution
Area,
Horizontal
Distribution Area hoc ti Entrance Room. Trong trng hp c
nhiu Entrance Room, ng cable Backbone ni thng ti Horizontal
Cross-connect c cho php khi ng phi cc gii hn di.
Hnh 1.3.4 ng cable Backbone trong m hnh Star-topology

b. S iu chnh cc dng non-Star-topology
Thng qua vic s dng cc lin kt, thit b in hoc adapter c
th iu chnh cc h thng m c thit k cho cc m hnh non-Startopology nh Ring, Bus hoc Tree.
1.3.3.3 Thit b truyn dn c chp nhn
TIA-942 ch nh r loi truyn ti, n s c s dng ring l hoc trong s
kt hp trong ng cable Horizontal.
Cable, phn cng kt ni ph, jumper, patch-cord, dy thit b v dy zone-area
c chp nhn phi tha cc yu cu thch hp c ch nh
r trong ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2 v ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3
Phng tin truyn dn c chp nhn l:
- 100 ohm twisted-pair cable (ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2), category 6
26
recommended (ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1);
27
- multimode optical fiber cable, 62.5/125 micron hoc 50/125

micron
(ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3), 50/125 micron 850 nm laser optimized
multimode fiber is recommended (ANSI/TIA-568-B.3-1);
- single-mode optical fiber cable (ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3).
Phng tin truyn dn ng trc c chp nhn l 75 ohm (loi 734 va 735)
coaxial cable (Telcordia Technologies GR-139-CORE) v coaxial
connector (ANSI T1.404).
Cc knh c xy dng t cable, phn cng kt ni ph, jumper, patch-cord,
dy thit b v dy zone-area c chp nhn phi tha cc yu cu c ch
nh trong ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1, ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2, ANSI/TIA/EIA568-B.3 v ANSI T1.404 (DS3).
1.3.3.4 di ng cable Backbone
di ti a c chp nhn ph thuc vo vt truyn v ng dng. thu
gim di ng cable, cch thun li l t Main Cross-connect gn trung
tm ca mt site. Cc thit lp ng cable vt qu cc gii hn di c th
c nhiu vng, vi mi vng c h tr bi ng cable Backbone trong
phm vi ca TIA-942. Cc lin kt gia cc vng ring l, nm bn ngoi phm
vi ca chun ny, c th c thc hin bng vic dng cc thit b v cng
ngh thng dng cho cac ng dng din rng.
di ng cable Backbone 100 ohm category 3 multipair balanced, h tr
cc ng dng ln ti 16 MHz, c gii hn tng cng l 90 m (295 ft).
di ng cable Backbone 100 ohm category 5e v 6 balanced c gii
hn tng cng 90 m (295 ft). di 90 m (295 ft) cho php thm 5 m (16 ft) ti
mi u cable cho dy thit b kt ni vi Backbone.
Data Center in hnh tn dng cc patch-cord di hn 5 m (16 ft), di ti
a ng cable Backbone c thu gim ph hp chc chn chiu di ti a
knh truyn khng b vt mc.
1.4 Tiu chun TIA-942
1.4.1 Cc yu cu cho Computer Room
Computer Room l mt khng gian iu khin mi trng xung quanh p
ng mc ch duy nht l v bc thit b v ng cable lin quan trc tip ti
cc h thng my tnh v cc h thng vin thng khc.
Cch sp t phi c ph hp vi thit b v cc yu cu ca nh cung cp,
nh:
Cc yu cu trng ti sn bao gm thit b, cable, patch-cord, phng
tin truyn dn;
Cc yu cu v dch v v sinh (cc yu cu v sinh ca mi phn thit
b i hi dch v tng thch cho thit b);
Cc yu cu lung kh;
Cc yu khung lp;
Cc yu cu ngun in DC v cc hn ch di mch.
28
1.4.1.1 V tr
Khi chn la v tr Computer Room, trnh cc v tr b cn tr bi cc chi tit
ta nh m c th gii hn vic m rng nh thang my, ct nh, tng bao
ngoi
Computer Room nn t cch xa cc ngun nhiu in t nh my bin
p, my pht in, thit b x-ray, my pht radio hoc rada.
Computer Room khng nn c ca thng ra ngoi, v n c th lm tng nhit
v gim an ninh.
1.4.1.2 Thit k kin trc
a. Kch thc
Nn xem xt p ng cc yu cu c bit ca cc thit b c trng (thng
tin ny c th thu thp t cc nh cung cp thit b). Vic nh kch thc phi
d kin cho cc yu cu hin ti cng nh trong tng lai.
b. Chiu cao trn nh
Chiu cao ti thiu ca Computer Room s l 2.6 m (8.5 ft) t sn nh hon
chnh ti bt k vt cn no nh vi phun cha chy, thit b chiu sng hay
camera. Cc yu cu lm mt hoc cc rack/cabinet cao hn 2.13 m (7 ft) c
th khin trn nh cao hn. Nhng phi c mt khong trng ti thiu 460 mm
(18 in) c gia t vi u phun nc cha chy.
c. Gia cng
Sn, tng v trn nh phi c bt kn, sn ph, hoc lm t mt vt liu
gim thiu bi. Vt liu ph phi l sc mu sng tng sng ca phng v
s nh phi c c tnh chng tnh in.
d. Chiu sng
nh sng ti thiu l 500 lux theo mt phng ngang v 200 lux theo mt phng
ng, o c 1 m (3 ft) trn sn hon chnh gia cc aisle gia cc cabinet.
Cc thit b chiu sng khng c cp ngun t cng bng phn phi in vi
thit b vin thng trong Computer Room. Cc dng cng tc n m khng
c s dng. Cc n khn cp v bin bo nn t ng cho mi v tr, nh
vy s thiu chiu sng chnh s khng nh hng ti li i khn cp.
e. Ca ra vo
Cc ca ti thiu rng 1 m (3 ft) v cao 2.13 m , khng tnh bu ca, c lp
m ra pha ngoi, hoc ca trt, hoc c th g tho di c. Cc ca
phi c lp kha v c th khng hoc c cc thng bo tp trung thun
tin truy cp lng ln thit b (v d nh bng s b tr thit
b trong
phng).
f. Trng ti sn
Kh nng trng ti sn trong Computer Room phi chu ng c ti trng
phn phi v tp trung ca thit b c lp t cng vi ng
cable v phng tin truyn dn. Kh nng trng ti phn phi ti thiu l 7.2
kPA (150 lbf/ft2) (Mc ngh l 12 kPA (250 lbf/ft2)).
29
Sn cng phi c kh nng treo vt ti thiu 1.2 kPA (25 lbf/ft2 ) cho cc ti
trng h tr c treo pha di sn. (Mc ngh l 2.4 kPA (50 lbf/ft2 )).
g. Cc xem xt a chn
Cc thng s k thut cho thit b lin quan phi ph hp vi cc yu cu p
dng cho khu vc a chn.
1.4.1.3 Thit k mi trng
a. HVAC
Nu Computer Room khng c mt h thng HVAC chuyn bit th phi c
b tr tip cn d dng vi h thng phn phi HVAC chnh. Mt Computer
Room in hnh s khng c cng nhn tr khi n c mt HVAC chuyn
bit hoc tn dng HVAC chnh ca ta nh v c cc van iu tit t ng
c thit lp.
HVAC phi p ng 24 gi/ngy, 365 ngy/nm. Nu h thng ta nh khng th
m bo cho hot ng lin tc ca lng ln cc thit b ng dng th mt
n v c lp phi p ng cho Computer Room.
H thng HVAC cho Computer Room phi c h tr bi mt h thng pht
in d phng. Nu khng c h thng pht in d phng chuyn bit, HVAC
cho Computer Room phi c kt ni ti h thng pht in d phng ca ta
nh.
b. Cc thng s vn hnh
Nhit v m phi c kim sot p ng dy cc hot ng lin tc
v nhit v m:
Nhit bu kh: 200 C (680 F) - 250 C (770 F);
m tng i: 40% - 50%;
im sng cc i: 210 C (69.80 F);
Tc thay i ti a: 50 C (90 F)/gi;
Thit b lm m v sy kh c th c yu cu ty theo cc iu kin
mi trng.
Nhit v m bao quanh phi c o c sau khi khi cc thit b trong
hot ng. Vic o c nn c thc hin ti mt khong cch 1.5 m (5 ft)
pha trn sn t 3 - 6 m (10 - 30 ft) dc theo ng trung tm ca li i cold
v ti bt k v tr no l thng gi ca thit b vn hnh. Vic o nhit
cn c thc hin ti mt s v tr l thng gi ca bt k thit b no c cc
vn lm mt tim n.
c. S rung ng
S rung ng c hc gn lin vi thit b hoc c s h tng ng cable c th
dn ti cc s c dch v theo thi gian (V d in hnh l lm lng cc kt
ni). Cc vn rung ng tim n phi c xem xt trong vic
thit k Computer Room, v s rung ng bn trong ta nh tn ti
v s truyn ti Computer Room thng qua cu trc ta nh. Trong trng
hp ny, cc k s xy dng phi tham kho cc thit k phng chng li s
rung ng qu mc ca Computer Room.
30
1.4.1.4 Thit k in
a. Ngun in
Cc mch cung ng ring bit p ng Computer Room phi c p ng v
ngt trong bng in ca ring n.
Computer Room phi c cc cm tin dng 3-chu thch hp (120 V - 20 A)
cho cc dng c in, thit b v sinh v cc thit b khng ph hp cm vo
in t thit b. Cc cm tin dng khng cng Power Distribution
Unit
(PDU) hoc bng in vi chc nng l mch in dng cho thit b vin thng
v my tnh trong phng. Cc cm tin dng nn t cch nhau 3.65 m (12 ft)
dc theo cc bc tng Computer Room hoc gn hn nu c ch nh bi
yu cu, v c th vi ti bng dy di 4.5 m (15 ft).
b. Ngun in d phng
Cc bng in Computer Room phi c h tr bng h thng pht in d
phng cho Computer Room. My pht in c s dng phi c c tnh
ti lng in tiu th.
1.4.2 Cc yu cu cho Entrance Room
Entrance Room l mt khng gian, m tt nht l mt cn phng, trong cc
phng tin ca Access-provider-owned giao tip vi h thng ng
cable Data
Center.
N
thng
cha
cc
thit
b
ca
Telecommunications-Access- provider v l ni cc Access-provider
chuyn vng cc mch cho khch hng. im chuyn vng ny c gi l
im gii tuyn. l im m trch nhim ca TelecommunicationsAccess-provider vi mch kt thc v trch nhim ca khc hng vi
mch bt u.
Entrance Room s cha cc entrance-pathway, khi bo v cho dy ng cable
Entrance, thit b termination cho cable Access-provider, thit b ca Accessprovider, v thit b termination cho ng cable ti Computer Room.
1.4.2.1 V tr
Entrance Room phi t v tr m bo rng chiu di mch ti a t im
gii tuyn ca Access-provider ti thit b u cui khng b vt mc. di
mch ti a cn tnh n ton b ng i cable, bao gm patch-cord v cc
thay i chiu cao gia cc tng trong cc rack/cabinet.
Entrance Room c th c t bn trong hoc bn ngoi
khng gian Computer Room. Cc lo ngi an ninh c th khin
Entrance Room c t ngoi Computer Room trnh nhu cu cc k
thut vin Access-provider truy cp vo Computer Room. Tuy vy, trong cc
Data Center ln, cc lo ngi chiu
di mch c th i hi Entrance Room c t trong Computer Room.
ng cable trong Entrance Room phi dng phn phi cable tng t (pha
trn hoc di sn) nh dng trong Computer Room; iu ny s thu gim
chiu di cable v n trnh vic chuyn i t cc mng cable pha trn xung
cc mng cable pha di sn.
1.4.2.2 S lng
31
Cc Data Center ln s i hi nhiu Entrance Room h tr cc loi mch i

khp Computer Room v p ng d phng b sung.
Cc Entrance Room thm vo phi c cc entrance-pathway ca ring n cho
dch v chuyn bit c cp t cc Access-provider. Ngoi ra, cc Entrance
Room thm vo c th l cc ph tr cho Primary-Entrance
Room, trong trng hp dch v ca Access-provider cp n t PrimaryEntrance Room.
1.4.2.3 Thit k kin trc
Kin trc l mt cn phng hay l khu vc m c ngh da trn s an
ninh (vi vic xem xt c v truy cp v tip xc ngu nhin), s
cn thit tng ngn cch, kch c Entrance Room v v tr t nhin.
a. Kch thc
Entrance Room phi c quy m p ng cc yu cu c bit v d kin ti
a v:
Entrance-pathway cho Access-provider v campus-cabling;
Cc rack ca Access-provider;
Thit b ca Customer-owned c t trong Entrance Room;
Cc rack gii tuyn bao gm c dng c ngt cho ng
cable ti
Computer Room;
Cc pathway ti Computer Room, Main Distribution Area v c th l
Horizontal Distribution Area cho Secondary-Entrance Room;
Cc pathway ti cc Entrance Room khc.
1.4.3 Cc yu cu cho Main Distribution Area
1.4.3.1 V tr
Main Distribution Area nn t ti v tr trung tm trnh vt mc cc hn
ch di ti a cho cc ng dng c h tr, bao gm c chiu di cable ti
a cho cc mch ca Access-provider c p ng bn ngoi Entrance Room.
1.4.3.2 Cc yu cu thit b
Nu Main Distribution Area c HVAC chuyn bit, cc mch kim sot nhit
cho cc n v iu ha khng kh phi c cp ngun v kim sot
t cng cc PDU hoc cc bng ngun m cung cp cho thit b vin
thng trong Main Distribution Area.
Cc yu cu kin trc, lp t v in cho Main Distribution th ging nh cho
Computer Room.
1.4.4 Cc yu cu cho Horizontal Distribution Area
Horizontal Distribution Area l khng gian h tr ng cable ti Equipment
Distribution Area. Cc chuyn i LAN, SAN, console v KVM h tr thit b
u cui cng c t trong Horizontal Distribution Area.
Nn c ti thiu mt Horizontal Distribution Area mi tng. Cc Horizontal
Distribution Area thm vo c th c yu cu h tr thit b nm ngoi
gii hn chiu di cable Horizontal.
32
S lng kt ni ti a ca mi Horizontal Distribution Area nn c

iu
chnh da trn kh nng ca mng cable, v cc mng cable dnh cho ng
cable trong tng lai.
Trong cc Data Center c s dng bi nhiu t chc, nh cc Data Center
Internet, Horizontal Distribution Area phi c trong khu vc an ton.
1.4.4.1 V tr
Horizontal Distribution Area phi c t v tr trnh vt mc chiu di ti
a ng cable Backbone t Main Distribution Area.
1.4.5 Cc yu cu cho Zone Distribution Area
Zone Distribution Area c gii hn p ng mt lng ti a 288 kt
ni ng trc (hoc xon i) trnh s tt nghn cable, c bit vi cc vt
nh km phi t pha trn hoc pha di cc tm sn tip xc 2 ft. x 2 ft. (
600 mm x 600 mm).
Cross-connect s khng dng trong Zone Distribution Area. Khng c hn mt
Zone Distribution Area c dng trong cng mt mch cable Horizontal.
Khng c thit b hot ng no trong Zone Distribution Area ngoi tr thit b
cp ngun DC.
1.4.6 Cc yu cu cho Equipment Distribution Area
Equipment Distribution Area l khng gian t cc thit b u cui, bao gm
h thng my tnh v thit b vin thng. Khu vc ny khng
bao gm Telecommunications
Room,
Entrance
Room,
Main
Distribution Area v Horizontal Distribution Area.
Thit b u cui thng l cc thit b t trn sn hoc c gn trong cc
cabinet/rack.
ng cable Point-to-point c chp nhn gia cc thit b t
trong
Equipment Distribution Area. di cable Point-to-point khng c hn qu
15 m (49 ft) v nn gia cc rack k cn nhau hay cc cabinet trong cng mt
hng.
1.4.7 Cc yu cu cho Telecommunications Room
Trong Data Center, Telecommunications Room nhm h tr ng cable
ti cc khu vc bn ngoi Computer Room. Thng thng,
Telecommunications Room c t ngoi Computer Room, nhng nu cn
thit, c th c kt hp vi Main Distribution Area hoc Horizontal
Distribution Area.
1.4.8 Cc yu cu cho cc vng h tr Data Center
Cc vng h tr Data Center c t bn ngoi Computer Room chuyn
bit vi vic h tr phng tin Data Center. c th l trung tm hot ng,
cc vn phng h tr c nhn, phng an ninh, phng cp in, phng my c
kh, phng lu tr, phng kim tra thit b v loading-dock.
Trung tm hot ng, phng an ninh v vn phng h tr c nhn s c gn
cable tng t nh cc khu vc vn phng thng thng. Cc bng iu khin
33
ca phng trung tm hot ng v phng an ninh c th s yu cu lng cable
34
ln hn so vi yu cu cc khu vc lm vic thng thng; s lng s c

xc nh vi s gip ca cc nhn vin phng trung tm v k thut.
Cc phng cp in, phng my c kh, phng lu tr, phng kim tra thit b
v loanding-dock phi c t nht mi phng mt in thoi c nh. Phng cp
in v phng my c kh phi c t nht mt kt ni d liu truy cp vo h
thng qun l phng tin.
1.4.9 Cc yu cu v Rack v Cabinet
1.4.9.1 Hot-aisle v Cold-aisle
Cc rack v cabinet c sp xp theo m hnh qua li, vi mt
trc ca rack/cabinet i mt vi ci khc theo mt hng to ra Hot-aisle v
Cold-aisle.
Cold-aisle pha trc ca rack/cabinet. Nu l sn tip xc, cc cable phn
phi ngun s c thit lp di sn ti y.
Hot-aisle pha sau ca rack/cabinet. Nu l sn tip xc, cc mng cable cho
ng cable vin thng c t di sn ti y.
Hnh 1.4.1 V tr ca Hot-aisle v Cold-aisle

1.4.9.2 Sp t thit b
Thit b c t vo trong cabinet v rack vi ng ht kh lnh pha trc
cabinet/rack, v ng thot kh nng pha sau. Vic o ngc thit b trong
t s ph v chc nng ca Hot-aisle v Cold-aisle.
Cc blank-panel s c gn vo cc khng gian khng s
dng ca rack/cabinet hon thin chc nng ca Hot-aisle v Cold-aisle.
a. Cc chi tit k thut
Cc cacbinet s c la chn p ng thng gi tng xng cho thit b n
cha. Thng gi c th bng cch dng:
35
Cc qut to lung kh bt buc.

Tn dng lung kh t nhin gia Hot-aisle v Cold-aisle thng qua vic
m thng gi trc v sau ca cabinet.
Kt hp c hai cch trn.
Vi lng sc nng cao, lung kh t nhin s khng v lung kh bt buc
c i hi p ng vic lm mt tng xng cho tt c thit
b trong cabinet.
b. Kch thc
Chiu cao ti a ca rack/cabinet l 2.4 m (8 ft). Tt nht l khng qu 2.1 m (
7 ft) d dng cho vic tip xc v kt ni vi cc thit b c gn pha
trn cao.
Cc cabinet nn c su tng xng thch hp vi cc thit b, bao gm
lun c ng cable, dy ngun, cc cm in. m bo lung kh thch
hp v p ng khng gian cho cm v ng cable, xem xt vic s dng
cabinet su hoc rng ti thiu 150 mm (6 in) so vi su nht ca thit b.
c. Cc thanh ray iu chnh
Cabinet nn c cc thanh ray pha trc-sau iu chnh c. Cc ray phi p
ng c 42 RUs (Rack Units) hay nhiu hn.
Nu cc patch-panel c thit lp pha trc cabinet, th cc rail pha trc
phi li vo t nht 100 mm (4 in) p ng phm vi cho vic qun l cable
gia patch-panel v cc cng v bo m khng gian cho ng cable gia
cc patch-panel. Tng t, nu cc patch-pannel c thit lp pha sau.
( Lu rng patch-panel s khng c thit lp c cc rail trc v sau
ca rack/cabinet trong mt cch ngn cn tip xc pha sau ca patchpannel).
d. cm in
Cc rack/cabinet khng c thit b hot ng th khng cn cm in.
Cc cm in trong cabinet phi p ng t nht mt 20 A, 120 V. Vic
dng hai cm gm cc mch c cp in t cc ngun khc
nhau phi c xem xt. Cc cm vi ng h o nhng khng c cc nt
on/off hoc reset s c s dng ti gim cc tai nn ngt in.
S lng cm c dng phi p ng ch cha v cng sut dng in
cung cp cho cc thit b. Cc phch cm cho cm nn l phch kha
trnh s c ngt kt ni.
Cc cm phi c nh nhn vi khai bo PDU/pannel v s cng tc mch.
1.5 S d phng cho Data Center
Data Center c trang b cc phng tin vin thng khc nhau c th duy
tr hot ng ca n di cc iu kin khc nghit m c th lm gin on
dch v vin thng ca Data Center. TIA-942 bao gm 4 cp lin quan ti cc
mc khc nhau v sn sng ca c s h tng thit b Data Center.
tin cy ca c s h tng vin thng c th c nng cao bi vic p ng
d phng cc Cross-connect-area v pathway ring bit v mt vt l.
36
Cch ph bin cho Data Center l c nhiu nhiu Access-provider cung cp cc

dch
37
v, cac router d phng, d phng core-distribution v cc edge-switch. Mc

d bo m mt mc d phng chc chn, th vic sao chp cc dch v v
phn cng ring l khng bo m cc im li n l c loi tr.
Hnh 1.5.1 M hnh d phng c s h tng vin thng

1.5.1 D phng cho Entrance Room
Nhiu Entrance Room c thit lp cho d phng hn l gim bt cc hn
ch di mch. Nhiu Entrance Room s ci thin vic d phng nhng em
li s qun l phc tp, i hi ch n phn phi mch gia cc Entrance
Room.
Cc Access-provider s thit lp thit b cung ng mch cho ton
b cc Entrance Room cc mch ca tt c loi yu cu c th c cung
ng t bt k phng no. Thit b cung ng trong mt Entrance Room s khng
ph thuc ti thit b trong Entrance Room khc, n c th hot ng trong
trng
hp s c phng Entrance Room khc.
38
Hai Entrance Room s cch nhau t nht 20 m (66 ft) v trong cc khu vc
phng chy ring bit, chng s khng chia s cng cc thit b phn phi in
v thit b iu ha.
1.5.2 D phng cho Main Distribution Area
Mt Secondary Distribution Area cung ng thm s d phng, nhng phi chu
s qun l phc tp. Cc core-router v cc core-switch s c phn phi gia
Main Distribution Area v Secondary Distribution Area. Cc mch
cng s c phn phi gia chng.
Secondary Distribution Area s khng c ngha nu Computer Room l mt
khng gian xuyn sut. Secondary Distribution Area v Main Distribution Area
phi trong cc khu vc phng chy ring bit v c p ng bi cc thit
b phn phi in v thit b iu ha ring bit.
1.5.3 D phng ng cable Backbone
ng cable Backbone d phng bo v trnh vic ngng tr do h hi ng
cable Backbone. D phng ng cable Backbone c p ng bng nhiu
cch ph thuc vo mc bo v mong mun.
ng cable Backbone gia hai khng gian, nh Horizontal Distribution Area
v Main Distribution Area c th c p ng bng vic chy hai ng cable
gia chng, tt nht l cng vi cc router khc nhau. Nu Data Center c c
Main Distribution Area v Secondary Distribution Area th d phng
ng cable Backbone cho Horizontal Distribution Area l khng cn
thit, d cho nh tuyn cable ti Main Distribution Area v Secondary
Distribution Area s theo cc router khc nhau.
Vi mc d phng c th c p ng bng vic thit lp ng
cable
Backbone gia cc Horizontal Distribution Area. Nu ng cable Backbone
t Main Ditribution Area ti Horizontal Distribution Area b h hi, cc kt ni
c th c ni thng qua mt Horizontal Distribution Area khc.
1.5.4 D phng ng cable Horizontal
ng cable Horizontal ti cc h thng then cht c th c nh tuyn a
dng tng cng d phng, nn ch khng vt mc chiu di ti a
cable Horizontal khi la chn ng i.
Cc h thng then cht c th c h tr bi hai Horizontal Distribution Area
khc nhau min l cc hn ch chiu di cable khng b vt mc. Mc d
phng ny c th khng cung ng nhiu s bo v hn vic nh tuyn a dng
ng calbe Horizontal nu hai Horizontal Distribution Area trong cng mt
khu vc phng chy.
39
CHNG 2: MT S THNH PHN QUAN TRNG

CHO H
THNG C S H TNG DATA CENTER
2.1 H thng UPS Cc dng h thng UPS
Mt lot cc phng php thit k c s dng trin khai h thng UPS,
mi ci c c im hiu sut ring bit. Phn ln cc phng php thit k
ph bin nh:
Standby (Offline)
Line-interactive (Offline)
Double-conversion (Online)
Delta-conversion (Online)
2.1.1 UPS Standby
L dng phn ln dng cho cc my tnh bn.
Cng tc chuyn mch (Transfer Switch) s t chn ngun vo AC lm ngun
in chnh (ng k lin nt), v chuyn i ngun sang Batter-Inverter nh
ngun in d phng khi m ngun in chnh hng (ng k
nt t). Inverter ch hot ng khi ngun chnh hng, do n
mang ngha l Standby (hoc Offline).
Hiu sut cao, kch thc nh v chi ph thp l cc u im chnh ca loi
thit k ny.
Hnh 2.1.1 M hnh h thng UPS Standby

2.1.2 UPS Line-Interactive
y l loi thit k ph bin c dng cho cc doanh nghip nh, cc server
Web, cc khu hnh chnh. Trong thit k ny, c s chuyn i t Battery sang
dng AC (Inverter) lun c kt ni vo u ra ca UPS. Hot
ng ca Inverter ngc li trong sut thi gian khi ngun vo AC bnh
thng p ng vic np in Battery.
Khi ngun in u vo hng, cng tc chuyn mch bt v dng
in t
Battery s i ti u ra UPS. Vi vic Inverter lun bt v kt ni vi u ra,
loi thit k ny p ng b lc d phng v gim thiu thi gian chuyn mch
so vi m hnh UPS standby.
40
Ngoi ra, thit k Line-interactive thng kt hp vic bin i in p. iu

ny gip iu chnh in p bng vic iu chnh cc vng in p u vo.
iu chnh in p l mt tnh nng quan trng khi in p hin hnh
gim, mt khc UPS s ti t Battery v sau n cng gim ti dn. Vic s
dng Battery thng xuyn nh vy s khin Battery hng sm. Tuy vy,
Inverter c th c thit k sao cho khi ngun chnh hng vn duy tr c
dng in t u vo AC cho n u ra, iu ny loi tr tim n li n v
p ng hiu qu cho hai ng ngun c lp.
Hiu sut cao, kch thc nh, chi ph thp v tin cy cao vi kh
nng chnh sa in p thp hoc cao lm cho loi thit k UPS ny mc
ngun
0.5 5 kVA.
Hnh 2.1.2 M hnh h thng UPS Line-Interactive

2.1.3 UPS Double-conversion Online
y l loi ph bin cho mc ngung trn 10 kVA.
Trong thit k ny, vic hng ngun vo Ac khng lm kch hot
cng tc chuyn mch, bi ngun vo AC c np t ngun Battery d phng,
sau
p ng ngun in t u ra Inverter. Do , sut qu trnh ngun vo AC
hng, kt qu hot ng dng in khng c thi gian chuyn i. C b np
Battery v Inverter bin i ton b dng ti in trong thit k ny.
Loi UPS ny p ng gn nh l tng hiu sut sn lng in u ra. Tuy
nhin, hao mn nht nh trn cc thnh phn in lm gim tin cy i
vi cc thit k khc. Ngoi ra, ngun in u vo c a vo bi b np
Battery c th phi tuyn tnh, iu ny c th nh hng vi mng in ta nh
hoc gy ra cc s c vi cc my pht in d phng.
41
Hnh 2.1.3 M hnh h thng UPS Double-conversion

2.1.4 UPS Delta-conversion
y l loi UPS c s dng mc ngun 5 kVA 1.6 MW. N c a ra
loi tr cc khuyt im ca loi thit k UPS Double-conversion trn.
Tng t nh thit k UPS Double-conversion, UPS Delta-conversion lun c
Inverter tip ng in p ti. Tuy nhin, mt b chuyn i tam
gic (delta conversion) b sung cng gp phn cho u ra Inverter. Di tnh
trng ngun AC hng hoc bt n nh, th thit k ny a cch hnh ng
ging nh UPS Double-conversion.
Trong thit k ny, b chuyn i tam gic hot ng vi mc ch kp. u
tin l iu khin c im ngun in u vo. u vo thu ngun
in dng hnh sin, gim thiu phn hi iu ha mc thit thc. iu
ny m bo thit thc ti u v kh nng tng thch h thng my pht
in, gim thiu ta nhit v hao tn h thng trong h thng phn phi in.
Chc nng th hai ca b chuyn i tam gic l kim sot dng in u vo
iu tit vic np in ca h thng Battery.
UPS Delta-conversion p ng cc c im u ra nh thit k
Double- conversion. Ch cc c im u vo c s khc bit, n p ng iu
chnh t ng, u vo c hiu chnh h s cng sut, m khng cn cc
cch thc hay b lc km hiu qu thng gn lin vi cc gii php truyn
thng. u im quan trng ln nht l s thu gim ng k nng lng hao
mn. B iu khin ngun in u vo cng to kh nng UPS tng thch vi
cc my pht in c thit lp v gim thiu vic cn h thng in v my
pht in to ln qu mc.
42
Hnh 2.1.4 M hnh h thng UPS Delta-conversion
Standby
Hiu
mc s
dng
(kVA)
0 0.5
Line-Interactive
0.5 5
UPS
iu ha
in p
Chi ph
mi VA
Hiu qu
Thp
Thp
Rt cao
Ty thuc
Trung bnh
thit k
Doubleconversion
5 5000
Cao
Trung bnh
Delta-conversion
5 5000
Cao
Trung bnh
Rt cao
Thp
Trung bnh
Cao
Inverter
hot ng
thng
xuyn
Khng
Ty thuc
Thit k
C
C
Hnh 2.1.5 Bng so snh cc loi UPS

2.2
H thng iu ha Cc dng h thng iu ha

2.2.1 Cc phng php gii nhit
C 5 cch c bn thu gom v vn chuyn lng nhit ta ra khng mong
mun t mi trng IT ra bn ngoi. Mt hoc mt s cch trong c
lm mt gn nh cho cc khu vc my tnh quan trng hay c khu vc Data
Center.
Mi phng php u s dng chu trnh lm lnh vn chuyn
hoc y nhit t khu vc Data Center ra mi trng bn ngoi.
Mt s phng php di chuyn cc thnh phn ca chu trnh lm lnh khi mi
trng IT v b sung cc vng tun hon (vi ng ng dn khp kn) bng
nc hoc cht lng khc.
2.2.1.1 Cc h thng lm lnh bng khng kh (2-b phn)
Cc thit b iu ha lm mt bng khng kh c s dng rng ri trong mi
trng IT nhiu kch c v c th thit lp chng nh h thng ch lc cho
43
cc khu vc nh v va. Loi h thng ny thng c coi l dng h thng

DX hoc h thng phn ha. (DX mang ngha l vic m rng trc tip
Direct Expansion)
Trong h thng lm lnh bng khng kh, mt na thnh phn ca chu trnh
lm lnh t bn trong my iu ha khu vc phng my (c bit nh l n
v CRAC Computer Room Air-Conditioner) v phn cn li nm ngoi tri
trong Condenser-lm lnh bng khng kh.
a. Nguyn tc hot ng
Cht lnh lun chuyn gia cc thnh phn bn trong v bn ngoi trong cc
ng c gi l ng lm lnh. Nhit lng t mi trng IT c y
ra ngoi mi trng bng cch s dng dng lu thng lm lnh ny.
Hnh 2.2.1 M hnh h thng lm lnh bng khng kh (2-b phn)

b. u im
Chi ph ton b thp nht
D dng bo tr nht
c. Khuyt im
ng ng lm lnh phi c thit lp, do vy phi xem xt khong
cch v s chch lch cao gia bn trong mi trng IT
vi bn ngoi em li hiu sut tin cy.
ng ng lm lnh khng th ko khong cch di vi tin cy v
kinh t.
Nhiu n v CRAC khng th c gn vo duy nht mt Condenserlm lnh bng khng kh.
Do vy, h thng ny ng c s dng cho cc t h thng in, khu vc
phng my v cho Data Center nh n trung bnh vi cc yu cu s dng va
phi.
2.2.1.2 Cc h thng lm lnh khng kh khp kn (1-b phn)
H thng khp kn ny t tt c cc thnh phn ca chu trnh lm lnh vo mt
t ng kn. Nhit lng thot ra h thng ny nh dng kh nng
(khong
44
49oC) c gi l kh thi. Dng kh nng ny phi c nh hng i ra t

khu vc IT n bn ngoi hoc khng gian t nhin m bo vic lm lnh
hp l cho cc thit b my tnh.
a. Nguyn tc hot ng
Nu c lp trn trn thng v khng s dng cc ng vo hoc
ra ca Condenser, kh nng thot ra t cc cun dy c th loi b trc tip
qua khu vc trn thng. H thng iu ha ta nh phi c kh nng x l
phn nhit thm vo ny. Khng kh a qua cun dy ( thnh kh nng
thot ra) cng c cung cp t bn ngoi phng my tnh. iu ny trnh to
ra mt khong trng trong phng m cho php m hn, khng kh t nhin i
vo. H thng khp kn bn trong thng gii hn trong kh nng (trn 15kW)
bi khng gian thm vo cn cha cc thnh phn ca chu trnh lm lnh v
lng ln cc ng kh cn thit cho x l kh x.
H thng khp kn gn bn ngoi trn tng mi ta nh c th ln hn kh nng
nhng thng khng c s dng cho cc ng dng lm lnh chnh xc.
Hnh 2.2.2 M hnh h thng lm mt bng khng kh c lp (1-b phn)

b. u im
H thng khp kn bn trong c chi ph lp t thp nht;
khng cn thit lp g cho mi nh hoc bn ngoi ta nh.
Tt c thnh phn chu trnh lm lnh c ct gi bn trong mt ni nh
l n v duy nht nn c tin cy cao.
c. Khuyt im
Kh nng gii nhit ca mi n v thp so vi cc h thng khc.
Cc hng khng kh ra vo ca ng ng lm lnh i hi h thng
ng dn v c th yu cu gim cao trn nh.
Do vy, h thng ny thng c s dng cho cc t h thng
in, mi trng th nghip v khu vc phng my vi yu cu s dng va
phi. i khi c s dng khc phc nhng im nng trong Data Center.
2.2.1.3 H thng lm lnh bng glycol
Loi h thng ny t tt c thnh phn chu trnh lm lnh mt ni ng kn
nh h thng khp kn, nhng thay th ng ng lm lnh to ln vi mt b
trao i nhit nh hn.
a.
Nguyn tc hot ng
45
S trao i nhit s dng dng glycol hp thu nhit v truyn n ra khi mi

trng IT. Cc b trao i nhit v ng dn glycol thng nh
cun dy Condenser (h thng lm mt 2-b phn) v ng dn khng kh (h
thng khp kn) bi do glycol c kh nng hp th v truyn ti nhit cao hn
khng kh. Cc dng glycol qua cc ng ra mt thit b gn bn ngoi c
gi l b lm lnh cht lu. Nhit lng c loi b ra khng kh bn ngoi
bi cc qut thc y bn ngoi thng qua cc cun dy glycol nng trong b
lm lnh cht lu. Mt b bm c dng lun chuyn glycol theo vng
tun hon t cc iu ha phng my n b lm lnh cht lu.
Hnh 2.2.3 M hnh h thng lm lnh bng glycol

b. u im
Ton b chu trnh lm lnh c t trong mt n v iu ha, m bo
tin cy vi cng cc yu cu khng gian nh h thng lm lnh bng
khng kh (2-b phn)
ng ng glycol c th chy di hn v c th p ng nhiu n v
iu ha ch vi mt b phn lm lnh cht lu v hp bm.
Ti nhng a im lnh, glycol trong b phn lm lnh cht lu c th
lnh hn nhiu (di 10oC), iu ny lm n b qua vic trao i nhit
trong cc n CRAC v chy xung ng ng tit kim c thit lp
c bit. Do vy, chu trnh lm lnh b ngng li v khng kh lnh t
ng tit kim s chim ch trong ng ng lm lnh glycol v lm lnh
mi trng IT. Qu trnh ny c bit nh l lm lnh t nhin v
p ng vic gim chi ph hot ng lm lnh ng k khi s dng.
c. Khuyt im
Cc thnh phn b sung cn thit (hp bm, cc van) lm tng u t v
chi ph ci t so vi h thng DX lm lnh bng khng kh.
Vic bo tr lng ln glycol v cht lng ca h thng l cn thit.
a ra ngun cht lng d phng cho mi trng IT.
Do vy, h thng ny thng c s dng cho khu vc phng my,
Data
Center nh n trung bnh vi cc yu cu s dng va phi.
2.2.1.4 H thng lm lnh bng nc
Tng t nh h thng lm lnh bng glycol, tuy nhin c hai s khc bit ln:
46
Vng tun hon nc (cn c gi l Condenser-bng nc) c s dng

thay cho glycol hp thu v chuyn nhit lng ra khi mi trng IT.
Nhit lng c y ra khng kh bn ngoi thng qua mt thp lm lnh thay
cho b lm lnh cht lu.
a. Nguyn tc hot ng
Mt thp lm lnh loi b nhit lng t phng my ra mi trng bn ngoi
bng cch phun nc m vo vt liu nh bt bin u thp (c gi l fill).
Nc ny lan ra v mt s bay hi khi n nh git v chy xung bn di
thp nc (mt qut c s dng tng tc bay hi). Nh cng cch thc
c th ngi lm mt bng cch bay hi m hi, mt lng nh nc c bay hi
p ng cho vic h nhit cho phn nc cn li. Nc mt di thp s
c thu li v gi li vo vng lun chuyn thng qua hp bm. Condenser-nc
v thp lm lnh thng khng c ci t duy nht cho vic
s dng ca h thng iu ha phng my tnh.
Chng thng l mt phn ca h thng ln v s dng loi b nhit lng
t h thng iu ha ca ta nh (gip lm mt ngi) v cc b nc
lnh
(trong phn sau).
Hnh 2.2.4 M hnh h thng lm lnh bng nc

b. u im
Ton b chu trnh lm lnh c t trong mt n v iu ha, m bo
tin cy.
Cc vng ng ng nc c th d dng chy di v hu nh lun p
ng nhiu n v iu ha v cc thit b khc t mt thp lm lnh.
Vi mi trng IT cho thu, vic dng cc Condenser-bng
nc thng t tn km hn h thng nc lnh.
c. Khuyt im
Chi ph ban u cao cho h thng ng ng, hp bm v thp lm lnh.
Cc chi ph bo tr rt cao cho vic v sinh v cc yu cu x l nc
thng xuyn.
a ra ngun cht lng d phng cho mi trng IT.
Thp lm lnh khng chuyn dng (c s dng cho ton b ta nh)
c th km tin cy hn vi thp lm lnh chuyn dng cho h thng iu
ha khu vc.
47
Do vy, h thng thng c s dng cng vi cc h thng xy dng khc

cho cc Data Center nh, trung bnh v ln vi cc yu cu s dng cao.
2.2.1.5 H thng lm lnh bng nc lnh
Trong h thng ny, cc thnh phn ca chu trnh lm lnh c t
t h thng my iu ha ti mt thit b c gi l my lm lnh nc.
a. Nguyn tc hot ng
Chc nng ca b nc lnh l cung cp nc lnh (nc lnh khong 8oC)
Nc lnh c bm vo cc ng dn t b nc vo b x l khng kh (c
bit nh l n v CRAH Computer Room Air Handler) c t trong mi
trng IT. Cc CRAH tng t nh CRAC v hnh dng nhng hot
ng
khc bit, chng lm lnh khng kh (loi b nhit lng) bng vic hp th
nc m t phng my qua cc cun dy nc lnh c cp t
vng lun chuyn nc lnh. Nhit lng c loi b khi mi
trng IT theo dng nc lnh (gi m ln) i ra CRAH v tr v b
nc. Ti , nhit lng c y ra mi trng bn ngoi.
H thng b nc lnh thng c chia cho nhiu CRAH v c dng
lm mt cho ton b ton nh.
Hnh 2.2.5 M hnh h thng lm lnh bng nc lnh

b. u im
Thit b iu ha thng c t chi ph hn, c thnh phn t hn, v c
kh nng gii nhit cao hn so vi cc thit b iu ha tng ng.
48
Vng tun hon nc lnh c d dng chy mt khong cch rt di v

p ng c nhiu khu vc IT (hoc ton b ta nh) t mt b phn
my lm lnh.
Cc h thng lm lnh nc c th c thit k v cng tin cy.
H thng lm lnh nc c chi ph thp nht mi kW cho cc lp t
ln.
c. Khuyt im
H thng lm lnh nc thng c chi ph u t ln cho cc lp t
di ti lng IT 100 kW.
Cc n v CRAH thng loi b nhiu m t khng kh hn cc n
v CRAC tng ng, do vy cn nhiu tin chi tr cho m khu vc
trong cc mi trng bn trong.
a ra cc ngun d phng cht lng cho mi trng IT.
Do vy, h thng thng c s dng cng vi cc h thng khc trong Data
Center trung bnh v ln vi yu cu s dng cao nh mt gii php chuyn
dng c gi tr ln.
2.2.2 H thng lm lnh chnh xc gn trn v sn nh
C hai b tr c bn ca thit b lm lnh chnh xc. C h thng gn vo trn
nh v c h thng t trn sn. Cc bin th nh treo tng hoc cc h thng
phn ha thu nh tng t nh cc h thng gn trn nh v c
s dng tng t khi c khng gian tng bao thch hp sn sng.
a. H thng gn trn nh
y l cc thit b lm lnh chnh xc nh (136-227 Kg) treo trn cu trc trn
nh ca khu vc IT. C th l lnh 3-17 kW thit b my tnh v s dng bt k
5 phng php gii nhit cho mi trng IT. Cc h thng gn trn nh khng
yu cu khng gian sn, tuy vy cc hot ng lp t v bo tr s phc tp
hn vi v tr trn cao ca chng.
iu quan trng l phn bit gia h thng gn trn nh vi h thng mi nh.
H thng DX c lp mi nh thng lin quan ti vic lm lnh khng gian
vn phng v con ngi (iu ha lm mt). Phn ln h thng DX mi nh l
hon ton c lp v phm vi cng sut 40-150 kW. Tt c cc thnh phn h
thng lm lnh gm c Condenser c t trong mt t ng kn. hdfhot
ng, ch c ngun cp in v hai khe h pha trn l cn thit cho khng
kh vo v ra. Bn trong khu vc IT l cc ng dn phn phi khng kh
lnh n thit b. Vic s dng loi h thng ny th khng c ti u ha cho
mi trng IT bi n gy ra tnh trng m thp c nguy c h hi cho cc
thit b IT.
b. H thng gn sn
H thng lm mt chnh xc thng cung cp phm vi ln cc tnh nng.
H thng Portable (cn c bit nh l thit b lm mt ti ch) c coi nh
l mt phn ca loi gn sn, tuy vy chng lun c bnh xe di v d dng
di chuyn bt c ni u cn thit. H thng ny lm lnh 2-6 kW thit b my
49
tnh v thng cn mt cm tng cung cp in (loi 2-4 kW); n gn

nh l h thng khp kn.
H thng lm lnh chnh xc c ln c s dng rng ri lm lnh cc
khu vc quan trng . N thng l thit b c cng sut ln nht c trong Data
Center vi kh nng lm lnh t 20 kW ti hn 200 kW thit my my tnh cho
mi khung gm. H thng phi tn dng khng gian sn v phi c chin lc
v tr cho hiu qu ti a. Thng s k thut, vic t lp v bo tr
cho h thng ny ph thuc cao vo h thng in hin hnh, cc kh nng kt
cu v
c kh ca ta nh. Do vy, i hi cc chuyn gia IT lm vic cht ch vi cc
b phn qun l v nh sn xut trong sut qu trnh thc thi k thut.
2.2.3 Cc sp xp phng php kt hp lm lnh
Cc sp xp thit b kt hp vi cc phng php gii nhit thch
hp ca chng c trnh by nh sau:
H thng khng kh khp

kn (1-b phn)
H thng khng kh
(2-b phn)
Phng
php
Gn trn
Gn sn
i hi s tip cn tng mi v mt cao

3m t sn n cu trc trn. Tng mi nn
nm trong 2 khu vc mi trng IT.
Yu cu Condenser v ng dn lm lnh.
i hi s tip cn tng mi. Tng mi nn

nm trong 2 khu vc mi trng IT. Yu
cu Condenser v ng dn lm lnh.
Cc h thng portable thng khng s
dng cc thnh phn bn ngoi.
Phi c trn thng hoc cc ng dn c

lp t cho Condenser. m bo cao
3m t sn n cu trc trn.
Phi c trn thng cho cc ng Condenser.

Cc h thng ln s yu cu cc thnh
phn gii nhit bn ngoi.
50
H thng nc lnh
H thng nc
H thng glycol
Vic xy dng phi c s tip cn tng mi

v cao 3m t sn n cu trc trn. Yu
cu cc thit b nh hp bm, b phn lm
lnh cht lu v ng ng glycol.
i hi s tip cn tng mi. Yu cu cc

thit b nh hp bm, b phn lm lnh
cht lu v ng ng glycol.
Cc h thng portable thng khng dng
cc thnh phn bn ngoi.
Vic xy dng phi c chiu cao 3m t sn

n cu trc trn. S cu kt Condensernc c yu cu.
Vic xy dng phi c h thng

Condenser-nc vi cng sut tng xng
v c s cu kt.
Cc h thng portable khng dng
Condenser-nc.
Vic xy dng phi c chiu cao 3m t sn

n cu trc trn v h thng nc lnh
chc chn. S cu kt c yu cu.
Vic xy dng phi c h thng nc lnh

chc chn vi cng sut tng xng v c
s cu kt.
Cc h thng portable khng s dng h
thng nc lnh.
Hnh 2.2.6 Bng m t cc sp xp phng n kt hp lm lnh

2.2.4 Cc xem xt i vi mi trng IT
Mt hng dn c th mt t cu hnh lm lnh tng thch cho mi trng IT
vi cc kch c khc nhau c lit k sau y s c s dng nh mt dng
51
tham kho khi hoch nh gii php lm lnh chnh xc. Nm kch thc c
xem xt:
T h thng in
Khu vc phng my
Data Center nh
Data Center trung bnh
Data Center ln
Cc gii php lm lnh c dnh du cho trong s cu cu hnh thng c
khng s dng vi phng php gii nhit lin quan, mc d trong
mt s ngoi l c p dng.
2.2.4.1 T h thng in
C 1-3 t rack kn hay lng tiu th 1-18 kW.
y thng l thch thc cho vic lm mt bi kch thc nh ca n v cc
hn ch thng gi. Nu nhit mc cao, th u tin l c gng thng gi
cho cc thit b. Nu nhit vn duy tr mc cao v gii php lm lnh chnh
xc c yu cu, th phi bo m thng gi thit b v cc yu cu mt
bng c th tha cho gii php xut.
H thng khng kh khp

kn (1-b phn)
H thng khng kh
(2-b phn)
Phng
php
Gn trn
Gn sn
Ch s dng nu xy dng c tip xc tng

mi v khng gian. Tng mi nn nm
trong 2 khu vc t h thng in. Dng
cho 3-17kW thit b.
Khng s dng do kch thc h thng ln

hn so vi khng gian sn c.
Ch s dng nu cc ng ng c lp
t cho vic cung cp v trao i kh ca
Condenser. Dng cho 3-17kW thit b.
S dng nu d dng lp t v kh nng

di chuyn l cc li th. Cc ng ng
thot kh nng c th chy ra bn ngoi t.
Dng cho 3-6kW thit b.
52
Thng khng c s dng hn mc

tiu th ny.

Thng khng c s dng hn mc

tiu th ny.

Ch s dng khi ngun lm lnh duy nht

l h thng nc lnh, khng c v tr c
th cho cc Condenser bn ngoi.

H thng nc lnh
H thng nc
H thng glycol

2.2.4.2 Khu vc phng my
Thng c dng cho khng gian vn phng vi mc khc
nhau ca khng gian sn c v thng gi. Cc phng vi ti lng tiu
th nh, h thng iu ha ta nh c l p ng thng gi
p ng cho cn phng. Phn ln khu vc phng my yu cu nhiu h
thng portable hoc gn trn nh v mt vi phng my chu ti ln s hot
ng tt vi mt h thng gn sn ln nu khng gian sn sn c.
53
H thng glycol
H thng khng kh khp kn

(1-b phn)
H thng khng kh
(2-b phn)
Phng
php
Gn trn
Gn sn

mi v khng gian sn c. Tng
mi nn nm trong 2 khu vc IT.
Mt hoc nhiu h thng l la chn tt
cho 6-30kW tiu th.

mi v khng gian sn c. Tng
mi nn nm trong 2 khu vc IT. Mt h
thng ln cho tiu th trn 25
kW nu mnh.
t cho vic cung cp v trao i kh
ca Condenser v m bo khng gian.
Mt hoc nhiu h thng l la chn tt
cho 630kW tiu th.
S dng nu c tng thng cho cc ng

ng thot kh ca Condenser. Mt
hoc nhiu h thng l la chn tt cho
tiu th di 12 kW.
Ch s dng nu c s tip cn tng mi v

khng gian.

mi v khng gian sn c. Mt h thng
ln cho tiu th trn 25 kW
nu mnh.
54
H thng nc
H thng nc lnh
Thng khng c s dng do Condenser

khng th i qu xa.

khng th i qu xa.
Ch s dng khi ngun lm lnh duy nht Ch s dng khi ngun lm lnh duy nht
l h thng nc lnh, khng c v tr l h thng nc lnh, khng c v tr
c th cho cc Condenser bn ngoi.
c th cho cc Condenser bn ngoi.

2.2.4.3 Data Center nh
C 5-20 rack kn hay lng tiu th 7-100 kW.
Thng l cc phng c xy dng c mc ch vi khng gian v thng
gi thch hp cho thit b IT. Nu lng tiu th in qu cao (hn 3 kW cho
mi t rack) th phi cn thm khng gian dnh cho gii php lm lnh. Phn
ln s dng h thng gn trn nh v gn sn c ln. H thng portable c
s dng khi cn thit cho cc im nng hoc lm lnh tm thi.
H thng khng kh
(2-b phn)
Phng
php
Gn trn
Gn sn

mi v khng gian sn c. Tng mi

mi v khng gian sn c. Tng mi
55
t cho vic cung cp v trao i kh ca
Condenser v m bo khng gian. Mt
hoc nhiu h thng l la chn tt cho 730kW tiu th.
S dng nu c tng thng cho cc ng

ng thot kh ca Condenser. Mt hoc
nhiu h thng s dng cho cc im
nng hoc tnh hung khn cp.
Ch s dng nu c s tip cn tng mi v

khng gian.

mi v khng gian sn c. Mt h thng
ln cho tiu th trn 25 kW nu
mnh.

khng th i qu xa.

khng th i qu xa.
H thng nc
H thng glycol
H thng khng kh khp kn

(1-b phn)
nn nm trong 2 khu vc IT. Mt hoc

nn nm trong 2 khu vc IT. Mt h thng
nhiu h thng l la chn tt cho 7-30kW ln cho tiu th trn 25 kW.
tiu th.
56
H thng nc lnh



2.2.4.4 Data Center trung bnh
Thng l cc phng c xy dng c mc ch vi khng gian v thng
gi thch hp cho thit b IT. Nu lng tiu th in qu cao (hn 3 kW cho
mi t rack) th phi cn thm khng gian dnh cho gii php lm lnh. Phn
ln s dng h thng gn sn c ln.
H thng khng kh
khp kn (1-b phn)
H thng khng kh
(2-b phn)
Phng
php
Gn trn
Gn sn
Khng s dng do khng cng sut mi

n v khng ph hp.

mi v tng mi k cn khng gian Data
Center. Dng cho mt nh v thp. Gii
php cho chi ph thp.

n v khng ph hp.

n v khng ph hp.
57

n v khng ph hp.

mi v nhng khng gian qu xa. Khng
c h thng nc hay Condenser-nc n
c khng gian.

n v khng ph hp.
Ch s dng nu h thng Condenser-nc

ca ta nh kh nng hoc chi ph s
dng thp hn h thng nc lnh.

n v khng ph hp.
Ch s dng khi c ngun cp h thng

nc lnh tin cy.
H thng nc lnh
H thng nc
H thng glycol

2.2.4.5 Data Center ln
C trn 100 t rack kn hay lng tiu th trn 200 kW.
Thng l cc phng c xy dng c mc ch vi khng gian v thng gi
thch hp cho thit b IT. Mt ngun in tng cao th buc tng khng
gian phn phi cho cc gii php lm lnh. S dng nhiu h thng lm lnh
gn sn c ln hoc cc h thng lm lnh tng mi ty chnh rt ln (khng
th hin hnh bn di).
58
Gn trn
Gn sn

n v khng ph hp.

n v khng ph hp.

n v khng ph hp.

n v khng ph hp.

n v khng ph hp.
Ch s dng nu vic lm lnh l mong

mun cho cc khu vc.

n v khng ph hp.
Ch s dng nu h thng Condenser-nc

c kh nng s dng nhiu hn v chi ph
H thng nc
H thng glycol
H thng khng kh
khp kn (1-b phn)
H thng khng kh
(2-b phn)
Phng
php
59
H thng nc lnh
s dng thp hn vi h thng nc lnh.

n v khng ph hp.
Ch s dng khi c ngun cp h thng

nc lnh m nhim quan trng.

2.2.5 Cc la chn cho h thng lm lnh
Mt s lng cc la chn sn c cho cc phng tin v cc chuyn gia khi
ch nh cc gii php lm lnh.
S iu hng dng kh
Lung khng kh ca cc h thng gn sn c ln trong iu hng i xung
(downflow) hoc iu hng i ln (upflow) v thm ch iu hng i ngang
(horizontal flow).
S dng h thng-downflow trong mi trng sn nng hoc trong mi trng
khng sn nng khi h thng c gn trn b
S dng h thng-upflow trong mi trng upflow hin ti
Cc h thng-horizontal flow nn c xem xt cho s hp nht IT v i mi
mi trng IT bng cch s dng thit lp li i nng/lnh.
Cc thit b d tm khi, ha hon, t nc
Chng cung cp sm cnh bo v/hay t ng phng cn trong sut cc s kin
ti ha.
B phn gi m
Thng t bn trong cc thit b lm lnh chnh xc thay th cho lng hi
nc b mt trong qu trnh lm lnh v c s dng ngn chn cc thit b
IT down-time do s phng ra tnh in.
B phn hm nng
Tng thm nhit khng kh lnh thot ra ngoi thit b iu ha cho php
tng s lm kh mi trng (lm gim m) khi cn thit.
ng xon tit kim
Dng cho h thng lm lnh bng glycol; p ng vic gim chi ph hot ng
hiu qu bng vic tit kim khi dng glycol lnh.
2.3 H thng phng nga ha hon
2.3.1 Phn loi cc dng ha hon
60
Ha hon c phn thnh 5 cp : Cp A, B, C, D v K. Cc nguy c ha

hon trong Data Center thng c xp vo cp A v C do bi c im ca n.
Cc ha cht ca cp B thng khng c ct gi trong Data Center.
Cp
Dng ha hon
Ha hon lin quan n cc vt liu

d chy thng thng nh giy, g,
vi v mt s cht do
Ha hon lin quan n cc loi

cht lng v cht khi d chy nh
du ha, sn du, xng
Ha hon lin quan n hot ng

thit b in.
Ha hon cp C thng l ha hon
cp A v B m c s hin din ca
in.
Ha hon lin quan n cc kim

loi hay hp kim d chy nh
Magi, Natri v Kali.
Ha hon lin hon n vic nu

nng do s dng cc vt liu nh
du thc vt/ng vt hay cc cht
bo.
Biu tng
Hnh 2.3.1 Bng m t cp ha hon
61
C ba yu t i hi cho vic ha hon tn ti: Oxy, nhit v cht t. Tt c

phi tng tc nhau cho phn ng m c bit nh l la. Nu mt hoc nhiu
hn trong ba yu t c loi b, la khng th tn ti. Do , phng php
cha chy c th khc bit ph thuc vo vic yu t no c loi b. V d
trng hp h thng CO2 lm gim kh Oxy bng vic thay th n vi mt kh
CO2 nng hn, v v kh CO2 lnh hn so vi la nn n cn tr la lan rng
bng cch ly i nhit.
Khi mt m chy bt u, n thng c chia thnh nhiu giai on trong
qu trnh t chy. C bn giai on ca qu trnh t chy: giai on phi thai
hoc giai on trc khi chy, giai on khi thy c, giai on rc la, v
giai on t nng mnh lit. Nghin cu m chy cho thy rng giai on
phi thai cho php khong thi gian nhiu nht pht hin v x l s hnh
thnh m chy. N khong thi gian m cc h thng pht hin ha hon c
ngha khc bit gi vic sn sng v khng sn sng. m la ko di t
chy cng nhiu vt cht, dn n nguy c h hi thit b cng cao mc cho
m chy c dp tt thnh cng. Cc vt cht t chy c th dn in hoc
gy hao mn cc mch trn thit b IT.
2.3.2 Chn la gii php phng cha ha hon
Vi mc nh thit k mt gii php phng cha ha hon cho
mt Data Center, ba iu kin phi c tha mn: xc nh s hin din ca
ngn la, truyn t s tn ti ca ngn la ti nhng ngi hin din v
b phn c trch nhim, v cui cng l km hm ngn la v dp tt n nu c
th. Tng
t vi tt c cc cng ngh lin quan ti vic pht hin , bo ng v dp tt
ha hon s m bo mt gii php phng cha ha hon hon chnh.
V trc khi la chn mt phng php, phi nh gi cc mi nguy hi tim
n v cc pht sinh. Cc vn nh sn nng, cao trn nh, s ngi
hin din trong khu vc, thit b d tm c che khut ra sao?..... c gii
p trc khi mt phng php phng cha chy thch hp c chn la
2.3.3 Cc dng h thng d tm ha hon
C ba kiu thit b d tm chnh c s dng: thit b d tm khi, thit b d
tm nhit v thit b d tm la. Vi mc ch bo v Data Center, thit b d
tm khi th c hiu qu nhiu hn; thit b d tm nhit v la thng khng
c s dng trong cc Data Center v n khng p ng vic pht hin thi
k u ca ngn la v v vy n khng p ng s cnh bo sm cho vic bo
v cc ti sn c gi tr.
2.3.3.1 Thit b d tm khi ti ch
Hnh 2.3.2 Thit b d tm khi ti ch

62
Thit b d tm khi thng thng c th bao ph mt khu vc khong 84 m2.

Khng gian trong Data Center v cc Computer Room thng c gim bt
b p cho cc lung kh pha trn cn thit trong cc mi trng ny. S
lng chuyn i trng thi kh trong phng cng ln, cng nhiu thit b d
tm phi c t trn mi din tch nh sau:
Cc thay i kh
mi gi
60
30
20
15
12
10
8.6
7.5
6.7
6
Khu vc bao ph
mi thit b d tm
11.6
23.2
34.8
16.5
58.1
69.7
81.3
83.6
83.6
83.6
Hnh 2.3.3 Bng m t phm vi bao ph ca thit b d tm

Tiu chun mc ch cho cc khu vc di chuyn khng kh pha trn trong cng
nghip thng l c mi 23 m2. Cc thit b d tm dng ti ch th hiu qu
trong cc Data Center v Computer Room c nh. Mc d cc thit b d tm
t tin, thng minh hn c s dng, nhng chng t c t gi tr trong cc
khng gian nh hn.
C 2 loi thit b d tm ti ch: quang in v ion ha.
Thit b d tm quang in hot ng bng cch s dng mt ngun sng hoc
chm sng v mt cm bin nh sng vung gc vi n. Khi khng c g trong
khoang cm bin, cm bin nh sng khng c phn ng. Khi khi
i vo khoang, mt vi tia sng c khuch tn v phn chiu vo trong
cm bin khin n bt u trnh trng bo ng.
Hnh 2.3.4 M t cu to thit b d tm quang in

63
Thit b d tm ion ha dng mt khoang ion ha v mt lng nh s bc x

pht hin m kh. Thng thng, khng kh trong khoang c ion bng
s bc x gy ra mt lu lng dng in n nh. Khi khi vo trong khoang,
n lm v hiu hoc cn tr vic ion ha khng kh khin cho dng in st
gim. iu ny kch hot thit b vo trnh trng bo ng.
2.3.3.2 Cc thit b d tm khi thng minh ti ch
Cc thit b d tm khi thng minh ti ch cng tng t nh cc thit b dm
tm ti ch thng thng ngoi tr n hot ng vi mt bng iu khin bo
ng thng minh c nh a ch c th d dng bo co v tr ngn la mt
cch chnh xc hn. Mt s c kh nng t ng cn bng vi vic thay i
mi trng nh m hay bi bn tch t. Chng cng c th c lp trnh
nhy cm hn trong cc thi gian nht nh trong ngy, v d nh
khi mi ngi ri khi khu vc, nhy cm s tng ln.
Cc thit b d tm thng minh ti ch thng c t pha di sn
nng, pha trn trn nh. Tuy vy, cc thit b d tm ti ch c iu chnh
s dng trong cc ng x l khng kh pht hin cc kh nng ha hon
trong
h thng HVAC. Bng cch t thit b d tm gn ng ng thot ra v ng
thng hi ca cc n v CRAC, vic pht hin c th c tng nhanh.
2.3.3.3 Thit b d tm khi ly mu khng kh
Vic d tm khi bng vic ly mu khng kh, thng c xem nh mt h
thng Pht Hin Khi Rt Sm (VESD Very Early Smoke
Detection), c m t nh mt thit b d tm quang in c cng sut cao.
H thng ly mu khng kh dng phng php d tm tin tin s dng
tia laze rt nhy cm, mnh m hn so vi ci c trong thit b d tm quang
in thng thng. Khi cc mu vt cht i qua thit b d tm, chm laze c
kh nng phn bit chng l bi hay l cc sn phm ca qu trnh t chy.
H thng ly mu khng kh gm mt mng li cc ng gn lin ti mt thit
b d tm duy nht, lin tc ht khng kh vo v ly mu. Cc ng
thng c lm bng nha PVC nhng cng c th l CPVC, EMT hoc
bng ng. Ph thuc vo khng gian c bo v v cu hnh ca nhiu cm
bin, cc h thng ny c th bao ph mt vng 232 m2 n 7,432 m2. Mc
d bao ph rng, cc cm bin c th c xc nh v tr mt cch quan
trng d bo
tr v sa cha. Thit b d tm khi ph thuc vo ba bin s: nhy cm ca
thit b, s r rng ca ng khi hng n thit b, v mt khi khi n
chm ti thit b. Trong mt khu vc nh l Data Center, s lu thng lung
kh th nhanh chng, n tr nn kh pht hin khi vi thit b d tm ti ch
c bit trong giai on ban u ca ngn la. iu ny lm cho VESD l gii
php d tm khi mang gi tr ln cho cc Data Center. H thng
ly mu khng kh c thit k pht hin cc mu nh ca qu trnh t
chy nh nhng th c thot ra t ng ng trong cc giai on u ca
hnh thnh m chy. Khi cc mu khi tri qua ng ng v vo trong thit
b d tm, chm laze s phn bit cc mu nh l ht bi hay l th phm ca
qu trnh t chy. Quy trnh d tm ny c th nhy cm ln gp 1000 ln
64
so vi cc thit b d tm quang in hay ion ha.
65
Hnh 2.3.5 H thng d tm ly mu khng kh

2.3.4 Cc dng h thng cha chy
Mt khi ngn la c pht hin trong Data Center, h thng phi thc hin
dp tt ngn la mt cch nhanh chng m khng gy nh hng
n hot ng ca Data Center. lm iu ny, c nhiu phng php c
s dng,
c nhiu ci tt hn nhng ci khc. Bt k phng php no c s dng, n
phi p ng mt bin php loi tr h thng dp tt trong trng
hp bo ng gi.
2.3.4.1 Bt
Bt cha chy hay cn gi chnh xc l bt AFFF (Aqueous FilmForming Foams) hay bt ARC (Alcohol Resistant Concentrate), thng c
dng trong cc m chy cht lng, bi n ph ln trn b mt cht lng d
chy, ngn chn oxy tip xc vi ngn la do vy dp tt m chy. Bt dn
in do khng s dng nhng ni in hin din. V vy, n khng nn
c s dng trong cc Data Center.
2.3.4.2 Ha cht kh
Ha cht kh hoc bt kh c th th dng cho nhiu dng m chy v gy t
nguy hi cho mi trng. Cc loi bt khc nhau c th c dng ty
theo dng m chy. Chng khng dn in nhng i hi dn dp. Chng
c s dng trong nhiu ng dng cng nghip nhng khng khuyn khch
dng cho Data Center bi lng d cn li khi phng ra.
2.3.4.3 H thng phun nc (sprinkler)
Vi phun nc phun ra khi kp van m ra. Cc kp thng l hp kim
hoc bng thy tinh c th m ra khi n t ti nhit khong 165-175oF.
y l iu quan trng ch bi thi im kp m th nhit xung quanh
u vi phun c th l cao hn 1000oF. iu ny cn thit tng nhanh phn
ng ca
h thng phun nc bng cch cho kp m ra nhit thp hn.
66
Hnh 2.3.6 Thit b vi phun sprinkler

H thng vi phun c thit lp trong ba cu hnh khc nhau: wet-pipe, drypipe v pre-action
Wet-pipe: L h thng vi phun c cc u vi phun t ng c gn
vo h thng ng ng c sn nc, v ni kt vi ngun nc, nh
, nc s phun ra ngay lp tc, qua cc voi phun m do nhit t
m chy pht ra kch hot. N c thit lp ph bin v thng c
xy dng trong cc kin trc cch ly trnh ng bng.
Hnh 2.3.7 M t h thng cha chy vi phun Wet-pipe
Dry-pipe: L h thng vi phun c cc u vi phun t ng c gn

vo h thng ng ng c cha khng kh hoc nitrogen c duy tr
bi p lc, v khi vi phun m do nhit t m chy pht
ra kch hot, kh bn trong ng ng thot ra, cho php p lc nc
lm m van ng. Nh , nc chy vo h thng ng ng, v ri
phun nc
ra qua cc vi phun m.
67
Hnh 2.3.8 M t h thng cha chy vi phun Dry-pipe

Pre-action: L h thng vi phun c cc u vi phun t ng c
gn vo h thng ng ng c cha khng kh, c th c hoc khng
c p lc, v c mt h thng bo chy b sung c lp t ti cng
nhng v tr c t u vi phun. Khi h thng bo chy kch hot, n s
m van cho php nc chy vo h thng ng ng, v ri phun nc
ra qua cc vi phun m.
Cc vi phun nc bnh thng khng c khuyn dng cho cc Data Center, tuy
nhin, ph thuc vo cc quy nh phng chy a phng, nn chng c
th c yu cu.
2.3.4.4 Bnh cha chy xch tay
Cc bnh cha chy c t ng ch cn thit d dng s dng v c th
s dng bi bt k ngi no. Gi tr ca bnh cha chy i vi Data Center l
kh nng dp tt m chy trc khi h thng cha chy chnh kch hot. V
nh lu trc , mi ngi l phng tin pht hin chy hu hiu nht,
gip cho vic dp tt ngn la cc giai on sm nht.
Hnh 2.3.9 Bnh cha chy xch tay
68
Nhiu loi bnh cha chy khc nhau c ph chun cho vic s dng trong
Data Center v thay th cho loi Halon 1211 (Nh loi HFC-236fa hay c tn
thng mi ph bin l FE-36, c th s dng trong cc khu vc
c ng ngi. Mt vi loi khc nh Halotron I, Halotron II v Novec 1230,
chng an ton cho mi trng v khng li d lng khi thot ra. Cc bnh
cha chy sch ny dp tt m chy bng cch loi b nhit v ngn chn
qu trnh t chy v phng din ha hc).
2.3.4.5 H thng cha chy hng thy
H thng cha chy hng thy, i khi cn c xem nh h thng cha chy
tc nhn sch, c th s dng cho cc ha hon cp A, B v C. H thng
cha chy tc nhn sch dng kh c hiu qu cao trong cc khu vc b gii
hn, che y nh Data Center l mt mi trng l tng. N
thng tn khng qu 10 giy cc tc nhn thot ra v trn y phng.
Cc tc nhn thng c cc b p lc (hoc bnh nn xy-lanh).
S lng b s dng ph thuc vo tng s lng phng c bo v cng nh
lng tc nhn s dng. Cc khu vc b che khut trong Data Center hin din
mi e da to ln v ha hon. Nu cc ng dy in b h hi, hoc thng
lng hoc c bo tr km
cc khu vc m rng, s kim
tra bng mt thng thng s l ra cc vn v cc sa cha cn c
thc hin. Nhng vic pht hin ra mt vn trong khu vc khp kn th kh
khn hn rt nhiu. Khng nh cc h thng dp tt bng nc, cc tc nhn
dng kh tip cn n nhng ni kh nht nh bn trong t thit b. Sau cht
kh v cc th phm ca n c th thot ra ngoi ra Data Center vi nhng nh
hng rt t n mi trng v khng c d lng.
Hnh 2.3.10 M t h thng cha chy hng thy

Cc tc nhn ny khng dn in, khng n mn v vi loi c th
an ton c phng ra khu vc ng ngi. Ci tn tc nhn sch thng
c s dng bi n khng li d lng v khng gy ra s h hi ph
thm.
Tc nhn cha chy l hp cht ha hc dng kh m dp tt c ngn la
bng cch bp nght th hoc loi b nhit. Vi mt cn phng khp kn, b
che ph, cc tc nhn kh rt c hiu qu trong vic cha chy v khng li
69
d lng. (Lu : trc y nhng nm 1960, Halo 1301 c s dng rng

ri nh mt tc nhn kh hiu qu trong vic cha chy, tuy nhin v sau nm
1994, th cht ny b cm s dng do c tc dng lm suy gim tng zn).
Cc tc nhn khi c chia lm hai loi: cc kh tr v cc hp cht Flo.
(Tn gi cc tc nhn ny c ch nh theo tiu chun NFFPA 2001, cc tn
thng thng trong ngoc l tn thng mi thng c gi).
a. Cc kh tr
Mc d cn c cc kh tr khc c ph duyt bi NFPA 2001: IG-55 (ProInert), v IG-541 (Inergen) c chp nhn v s dng rng ri hin ny. Cc
tc nhn kh tr c lit k trong NFPA 2001 bao gm: Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2), IG-55 (Argonite), IG-100 (Nitrogen) v IG-01 (Argon).
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide hay CO2 l kh tr, n lm gim nng Oxy cn thit cho
vic duy tr ngn la bng cch thc chuyn i t nhin. Bi CO2 nng hn
kh Oxy, n chim ly b mt ngn la v bp ngt n. iu lm loi tc
nhn ny khng an ton thot ra cc khu vc ng ngi. Theo nh tiu
chun (NFPA 12), n khng c s dng trong khu vc ng ngi, do vy
khng c khuyn dng cho Data Center. Nu c s dng trong khu vc
ny bi khng c s thay th ph hp no c th dng, th mt k hoch s tn
hp l phi c t ra v cc c ch an ton dng thng bo cho nhn vin
v s tn khi khu vc trc thi im vn hnh h thng cha chy.
CO2 khng dn in v khng gy h hi. Nhng mt bt li khc l lng
ln thng cha tch tr c yu cu phng ra hiu qu. CO2 c cha
trong cc b dng kh v chim dung tch gp 4 ln so vi dung tch Halon
1301, iu ny l s chn tt cho bt k Data Center no nh
gi cao v khng gian. Mt vi ng dng cc phng my bin p, cc
phng chuyn i, cc vm cable, my pht in v cc quy trnh cng nghip.
IG-55 (Pro-Inert) v IG-541 (Inergen)
Pro-Inert l mt kh tr bao gm 50% Argon v 50% Nitrogen. Inergen l kh
tr bao gm 52% Nitrogen, 40% Argon v 8% Carbon Dioxide, tt c u vn
c tm thy trong khng kh. V vy, n c suy gim zn (ODP Ozone
Depletion Potential) bng khng, kh nng lm nng ton cu thp chp nhn
c v khng to ra bt k sn phm nguy hi no ca qu trnh phn hy. N
cng khng dn in v khng li d lng, v an ton khi thot ra khu vc
ng ngi. N c ct gi dng kh trong cc b p lc cao v c t
cch xa ti 91 m khi khu vc c bo v.
Mt thun li c tnh n l cc kh tr c mt dung tch gp 10 ln so vi
nhng la chn khc c th s dng hin nay. Hn na, gim thiu lng
lu tr cn thit cho h thng bo v nhiu phng, cc b chn lc van kha c
th c dng hng tc nhn n khu c bo ng.
Cc kh tr c s dng trong Data Center, cc vn phng vin thng v cc
ng dng quan trng khc nhau.
70
b. Cc hp cht Flo
Mc d c cc tc nhn thay th c ph duyt bi NFPA 2001: FK-5-1-12
(3M Novec 1230), HFC-125 (ECARO-25 / FE-25), v HFC-227ea (FM-200 /
FE-227) c s dng rng ri v nh mt tc nhn thng mi dng cho vic
bo v cc ti sn c gi tr cao.
FK-5-1-12 (Novec 1230)
C ODP bng khng v tc ng lm m ton cu cc k thp. c ct gi
dng cht lng, khng mu v gn nh khng mi. Mc d ti nhit trong
phng n l cht lng, n c phun ra ra dng kh khng dn in m khng
li d lng v khng nguy hi cho nhng ngi c mt ; tuy vy, nh bt
k tnh hung cha chy khc, tt c mi ngi phi s tn khi khu vc
ngay khi c m thanh bo ng. H thng FK-5-1-12 c cng mt
yu cu
khng gian ct gi nh cc tc nhn halocarbon thng thng.
HFC-227ea (FM-200 / FE-227)
HFC-227ea c ODP bng khng v tc ng lm m ton cu cc
k thp. c ct gi dng cht lng, khng mu v gn nh khng mi.
Mc d ti nhit trong phng n l cht lng, n c phun ra ra dng kh
khng dn in m khng li d lng v khng nguy hi cho nhng
ngi c mt ; tuy vy, nh bt k tnh hung cha chy khc, tt c mi
ngi phi s tn khi khu vc ngay khi c m thanh bo ng. N c th
c s dng vi cao ln ti 4.9 m v khng gian ct gi gp 1.7 ln dung
tch ca Halon 1301.
2.3.5 Nt nhn bo chy v cc thit b tn hiu
Nt nhn bo chy cho php ngi hin din thng bo cho mi ngi trong ta
nh v ha hon. Nhng ci ny nn c t ti mi li thot him v mt khi
nhn th c th thng bo n b phn cha chy. Nt nhn bo chy i khi l
cch tt nht nhn bit c m chy trong giai on ban u ca n.
Hnh 2.3.11 Nt nhn bo chy

Cc thit b tn hiu c kch hot sau nt nht bo chy hoc sau khi thit b
d tm a ra tnh trng bo ng. Thit b tn hiu a ra mt lot m thanh
hoc tc ng th gic cho nhng ngi c mt bn trong ta nh nh mt tn
hiu s tn khi khu vc. Cc m thanh c th bao gm ci h, chung reo,
ging ni cnh bo. Tm truyn t m thanh t 75 dBA ti 100 dBA.
Cc thit b tn hiu th gic ch yu thng bo cho nhng ngi
khim thnh. nh sng nhp nhy thng kt hp vi mt n nhy Xenon c
71
bo
v bng lp bc plastic. N c thit k vi cng sng khc nhau c o
72
bng n v candela (cd). Tn s nhy ti thiu cho cc nh snh

nn l 1
ln/giy.
Hnh 2.3.12 Cc thit b tn hiu bo chy

2.3.6 H thng iu khin
Bt k s lng cc sn phm d tm v cha chy trong ta nh, chng s l
v dng nu khng c mt h thng iu khin, thng c bit nh l bng
iu khin bo ng ha hon (FACP Fire Alarm Control Pannel). Cc
h thng iu khin l u no cho mng li phng cha chy ca
ta nh. Mi h thng c phn tch sau c trnh by bi h thng iu
khin bo ng chy. Cc bng bo ng c th l cc bng iu khin thng
thng hoc
l cc bng iu khin thng minh nh a ch vi cc thit b d tm cng loi
(thng thng / thng minh c nh a ch) v vi cng giao thc thng tin.
Hnh 2.3.13 H thng iu khin phng nga ha hon

Ty thuc vo bng iu khin, n c iu chnh cc mc nhy cm ca
c thnh phn khc nhau nh cc thit b d tm khi v c th lp trnh ch
bo ng sau khi mt trnh t s kin nht nh c din ra. Cc chng trnh
my tnh c s dng bi cc h thng ny cho php ngi dng thit lp thi
gian tr hon nht nh,cc ngng gii hn, mt khu, v cc tnh nng khc.
Cc bo co c th c to ra t cc bng iu khin thng minh, qua c th
nng cao hiu sut h thng phng cha chy (nh vic c th xc nh cc
cm bin h hng).
Mt khi thit b d tm, nt nhn bo chy hoc mt cm bin c kch hot
73
th h thng iu khin t ng thit lp mt danh sch cc quy tc c lp
74
trnh thc hin. N cng c th cung cp cc thng gi tr cho nhng ngi

c trch nhim.
2.3.7 Trang thit b c nhim quan trng
Vi tt c thnh phn phng cha chy c nh r, bc cui cng l em
chng gn vi nhau to ra mt gii php mnh m v c sn sng cao cho
Data Center. iu quan trng cn ch l trong cc loi thit b d tm, thit b
cha chy v cc tc nhn dng kh nh trnh by, khng phi tt c u c
khuyn dng cho Data Center.
Danh sch cc thnh phn sau y cho Data Center vi mc tiu thi gian hot
ng 7x24x365:
Thit b d tm ti ch thng thng
Thit b d tm ti ch thng minh
Thit b d tm ly mu khng kh (VESD)
Cc bnh cha chy
H thng cha chy hng thy
Tc nhn sch thay th Halo
Nt nhn bo chy
Cc thit b tn hiu
H thng iu khin / bng iu khin bo ng ha hon (FACP)
S d tm ti ch vi thit b d tm quang in c iu khin bi bng iu
khin (thng thng hoc thng minh) nn c s dng. Cc thit b d tm
nn c t di sn nng cng nh trong mi trng chnh. Mt cu hnh d
tm tun t nn c s dng. Ti bo ng ban u khng nn kch hot h
thng cha chy, m nn thc y h thng iu khin pht ra cnh bo . Khi
thit b d tm tip theo a ra bo ng, n s cung cp xc nhn v ha hon
ti h thng iu khin v bng iu khin s bt u mt trnh t kch hot
h thng cha chy ti ch. Vic kch hot nt nhn bo chy s kch hot s
gii phng lp tc cho h thng cha chy thng qua bng iu khin bo ng
ha hon.
Cc h thng d tm khi ly mu khng kh d phng nn c thit lp bn
di cng nh bn trn sn nng. Ton b h thng d tm phi a ra tnh
trng bo ng trc khi h thng cha chy hng thy c phng ra. Khuyn
khch vic dng cc thit b d tm ti ch thng minh v tr ng thng hi v
ng x ca mi n v CRAC. Nu bt k h thng ng dn no c trong ta
nh, th cc thit b d tm khi ng dn nn c thit lp. Hn na, trnh
vic bt ng phng tc nhn cha chy, khng mt bo ng c nhn no c th
kch hot vic phng ra. Phn ln cc h thng tc nhn sch thay
th Halon c s dng hin nay nh HFC-125 (ECARO-25 / FE-25) v
HFC227ea (FM-200 / FE-227) bi d lng nh v hiu qu ca n.
Ngoi h thng cha chy hng thy, quy nh cha chy c th yu cu
mt h thng cha chy vi phun sprinkler. Trong trng hp ny, n phi l
h thng pre- action trnh cc h hi ngu nhin do nc gy ra
cho Data Center. Cc bnh cha chy nn t khp ni trong Data Center
75
v kt hp vi cc quy
76
nh cha chy a phng. Nn c cc nt nhn bo chy cng nh cc thng

bo ch dn mi li thot him v cc thit b tn hiu t khp ni trong Data
Center c kh nng thng bo cho tt c nhn vin bn trong v ha hon.
Bng iu khin bo ng ha hon nn c kh nng chu li, cho
php lp trnh v c kh nng gim st tt c cc thit b. Nu bn iu khin
m nhim nhiu khu vc phng chy, tt c cc thit b d tm nn c
nh a ch cho php h thng iu khin c th xc nh mt cch
chnh xc v tr bo ng. H thng iu khin l cn thit cho hiu sut ca
h thng phng cha ha hon. N phi phi hp trnh t cc s kin thc
hin ngay khi c bo ng ban u. V tt nhin, tt c mi th s khng y
nu khng c cc vn bn v cc th tc tnh hung khn cp hiu qu,
c cng c vi cc t
tp hun thng xuyn cho ton b nhn vin.
2.3.8 Cc thc thi tt nht cho doanh nghip
a. Danh sch cc thc thi khuyn dng
m bo Data Center c xy dng cc xa cc kin trc m c th gy
ra mi e da ha hon cho Data Center.
Cc th tc khn cp nn dn trn tt c cc bng thng bo v
bng iu khin h thng bo ng ha hon.
H thng bo ng ha hon nn kt hp nhiu giai on cnh bo.
Mt h thng lc khi phi c thit lp.
Tt c bng in t phi khng b rng buc bi bt k cn tr no.
Tt c cc nt EPO (Emergency Power Off) v nt nhn bo chy phi
c dn nhn thch hp trnh bt k s nhm ln.
Tt c v tr bnh cha chy phi c xc nh r rng v
cung cp thng tin v loi m chy s dng n.
Cc khe h trn tng phi c bao ph vi cht bt kn chu la c
ph duyt.
Mi li thot him nn c mt danh sch cc s in thoi khn cp r
rng.
Thc thi mt chnh sch khng ht thuc trong cc phng IT v phng
iu khin.
H thng EPO khng nn c kch hot bi bo ng ha hon.
H thng cha chy nn phi c thit k vi kh nng bo tr c
lu . Cc thnh phn thay th v cc hng d tr phi c
ct gi ng khu vc. Cc h thng phi c tip cn d dng.
Cho php duy tr hot ng cc n v CRAC khi h thng cha chy
ang tnh trng bo ng.
Cc vi phun sprikler pre-action nn c thit lp trong Data
Center
(nu c yu cu) cng nh trong cc hng lang.
Cung cp ngun nc ph cho cc vi phun sprinker.
77
Cc u vi phun sprinker nn t lm vo trn nh trnh phun nc

bt ng.
Cc Data Center nn khng c thng rc.
Cc trang b vn phng trong Data Center phi c lm bng kim loi
(Gh c th l loi lt nm ch ngi).
Cc vt dng d tr nh giy, a nha, dy buc nn c hon
ton trong t kim loi kn.
Tt c nhn vin phi c hun luyn k lng v ton b cc thit b
d tm v v h thng phng cha chy trong khp Data Center. Vic
hun luyn ny nn c thc hin u n.
Cc ng ng dn kh t cc b phn khc ca ta nh khng bao gi
nn i qua Data Center. Nu khng khi th cc van gim phi c s
dng ngn chn la lan sang khu vc Data Center.
Cc ng ng dn nc t cc b phn ca ta nh cng khng bao gi
nn i qua khu vc Data Center.
Khng c c cc dy ni m rng hoc dy in c t pha di
cc thit b, thm vi hoc bt k vt che ph khc.
Cc khu vc my tnh phi tch bit vi cc phng khc bi kin trc c
kh nng chng ha hon t kt cu sn ti tng nh (hoc mi nh).
Trnh t khu vc my tnh lin k vi cc khu vc c cc hot ng
nguy him c thc thi.
b. Cc li ph bin
Mt s li thng gp vi h thng phng cha ha hon Data Center:
H thng cha chy t ng ngng hot ng n v CRAC. iu ny
khin cho thit b vi tnh tr nn qu nng.
S dng cc tc nhn cha chy bng ha cht kh cha chy phng
my tnh s lm h hi cc thit b my tnh (c th cha chy hiu qu
nhng li d lng bm trn thit b)
cc cht liu d chy bn di sn nng.
Phn ln cc m chy vi cc trang thit b c nhim c th ngn chn nu
cc li ph bin c ngn nga v cc thit b d tm c ch nh hp l v
c gim st. Sai st do con ngi ng vai tr ln trong vic ngn nga cc
him ha ha hon v phi c loi tr thng qua vic tp hun v cc th tc
c thc thi.
2.4 H thng mng cable
2.4.1 Kh nng chu ng c hc
iu u tin v trc nht, mt mng cable phi c vai tr nh mt vt
hiu qu v bn vng cho cc dy cable.
Hiu sut c hc ca tt c sn phm v ph kin phi c kim tra vi cc
yu cu nghim ngt c quy nh bi tiu chun quc t IEC-61537.
2.4.1.1 Trng ti hot ng an ton cho h thng mng cable
78
mc ni bng 1/5 chiu di m rng. bin dng c o ti chnh gia ca

phn m rng. Trng ti hot ng an ton (SWL Safe Working Load) c
coi l gi tr thp nht ca:
Trng ti c th gy ra s bin dng mc 1/200 phn m rng.
Trng ti ph v c chia cho 1.7 nu bin dng khng t mc 1/200.
Hnh 2.4.1 Trng ti an ton cho mng cable

2.4.1.2 Trng ti hot ng an ton cho cc ph kin
Cc chn c phn loi bi trng ti c cho php (theo n v daN)
Tt c phi c kim tra v tun theo tiu chun IEC-61537 vi quy tc:
F : l ti trng p dng cho ph kin.
d : l khong cch gi trc mc treo v vt ti.
T : l xon (n v daN.m) p dng cho mc treo.
Cng thc tnh:
Tng F = F1 + F2 + F3 (ti lng treo chp nhn)
Tng T = F1.d1 + F3.d3 F2 ( xon chp nhn)
Hnh 2.4.2 Trng ti an ton cho ph kin mng cable

2.4.2 V tr cc b ni (p dng chung cho tt c cc m rng)
t hiu sut tt nht t mng cable, ngoi vic chn b ni th v tr ca n
cng l mt la chn quan trng.
79
t kt qu tt nhn, v tr cc b ni ti 1/5 chiu di dc theo phn m rng
Nu s mc ni mc L/2, mt h s 0.7 nn p dng cho trng ti chp nhn
Khng bao gi t cc ct di b ni
Hnh 2.4.2 V tr cc b ni
2.4.3 V tr cc ct
V tr cc ph kin c lp t ph thuc vo s thay i v tr v nh hng
ca mng cable:
t ct ti ch trc bt k s bin dng ca ng mng cable.
Khuyn ngh t ct ti u v cui mi un cong 90o. Mt ct
phi c t ti v tr chnh gia cc un cong c bn knh ln.
80
Hnh 2.4.3 V tr cc ct
2.4.4 Cc x l kim loi v b mt mng cable
S n mn khng c kim sot l mt vn thng xuyn vi
cc ng dng lin quan n kim loi, n c th dn s suy gim hiu sut
v tui th ca thit b.
Cc mng cable thng tip xc phn ln vi s n mn trong khng kh, mi
trng m cc mng cable c lp t. Do vy, cn c tiu ch chnh yu cho
la chn x l b mt hoc loi kim loi.
2.4.4.1 S n mn
Cc khc bit tim n c biu th n v mV

bn di ng k , cc kim loi lin quan b ph hy
Hnh 2.4.4 Mi khc bit gia cc thnh phn kim loi
S n mn l kt qu ca hin tng in ha c gy ra bi mt s khc bit
tim n gia cc kim loi khc nhau, hoc gia kim loi vi cc tp cht khi
gia chng c lin kt in t. l iu quan trng cn phi nh cho hin
tng in ha ny, nu mun m bo cho vic la chn tt nht vi cc thit
b ph tr, gia c hay ni t.
81
Bng sau y m bo cc x l b mt ph hp:

Khung dy mng cable
Ph kin
EZ/PG
EZ/GS
GC
GC/DC
304L
304L & 316L
316L
316 L
Hnh 2.4.5 S tng xng thnh phn kim loi

2.4.4.2 Thp trng
S bo v thp l mt qu trnh chuyn ha. Km, di tip xc vi mt tc
nhn oxy ha c bin i thnh km-hydrocarbonate (trng) do bo v
cho thp.
Khuyn ngh
Kh thi
Lp t bn trong,
mi trng bnh thng
Lp t bn ngoi,
mi trng th
Cng nghip ha cht,
cht n Ni-trat,
Mi trng bin/ khc nghit/ c
lu hunh
Mi trng tip xc thc phm
Mi trng Halogen
Mi trng axit/kim
Hnh 2.4.6 Bng m t thp trng tng thch mi trng

Trng km lin tc trc khi gia cng bng cch s
dng
quy trnh m in Sendzimir.
Tiu chun EN 10244-2: PG (khung dy)
Tiu chun EN 10327: GS (cc thnh phn ph)
Trc khi gia cng, mt lp bao ph km c ph ngoi bng
vic ngm lin tc cc tm hoc dy thp. V b ngoi cc thnh
phn gi s tr trn mn v c mu xm.
Trng km in sau khi gia cng
Tiu chun EN 12329
Mng cable, c gia cng bng vic dng cc dy thp cha x
82
l, c ty g v sau ngm trong mt cht in phn c cha

km. Km sau c ph ln trn bi thng qua
dng in chuyn di. Mt b ngoi xanh-xm mn, kh bng
thu c mc nhiu hay t ph thuc vo gi tr pH ca
b in c
s dng. Mu sc v bng khng c tc ng tch cu hay
tiu cc n s gim thiu n mn ca lp ph.
Trng km nhng nng sau khi gia cng
Tiu chun EN ISO 14 61
Mng cable hay cc ph kin, c gia cng t cc tm
hoc dy thp cha x l, c ty nhn v g trc khi
ngm vo mt b km nng chy. Ton b sn phm sau
c ph mt lp km dy. Thu c b ngoi mt mu xm
trng, hi th.
Geomet
Geomet l s x l da trn km v nhm. V khng c cha
bt k Crm ha tr VI, nn n tun theo ch th RoHS
tng ng cho GC; n c s dng cho cc ph kin nh kh
cho m km nhng nng.
Thp khng g 304L
Tiu chun EN 10088 AISI 304L X2CrNi18.08 1.4307
a ra kh nng chng n mn tt vi nc thng, mi trng
bnh thng v cc sn phm thc thm (tr ru v m tt)
Thp khng g 316L
Tiu chun EN 10088 AISI 316L
X2CrNiMo17.12.2
1.4404
V c cha molybdenum, thp khng g 316L c
kh nng chng n mn gia cc ht tinh th, lm cho n c
bit ph hp vi cc ha cht cng nghip, v mi trng
c cha halogen (Flo v Clo).
Hnh 2.4.7 Bng m t cc phng php trng thp
2.4.5 Tng thch in t (EMC-ElectroMagnetic Compatibility)
Nhiu in t c pht ra t mt ngun l gy nhiu cho nn nhn. Nhiu
in t c lan truyn bi mt qu trnh c gi l s mc ni.
Mt vn v EMC ch xy ra khi c ba yu t ngun, s mc ni v nn nhn
l iu hin nhin. t c mt EMC tt, ch n gin l cn phi loi mt
trong ba yu t hoc gim tc dng ca n.
NGUN
MC NI
NN
NHN
Ngun gm: hp iu bin tn s, di ng, thit b chiu sng, cable ngun

Nn nhn gm: h thng IT, thit b vin thng, cable d liu
83
Hnh 2.4.8 M t cc yu t lin quan n EMC
84
Cc quy tc quan trng:
Cn gi cho cable ngun v cable d

liu ring bit
m bo cc ng cable khc nhau

vt cho nhau ng gc (90o)
Bo m s lin tc in t c duy
tr: dng mng cable v b ni bng
kim loi.
Kt ni cc mng cable vo mng ni

t (15-20 m)
Hnh 2.4.9 Cc quy tc quan trng cho mng cable

La chn cu trc m d dng bo m chnh xc s ngn cch bng vic
kim tra trc quan; d dng lp t v kt cu kim loi bo m cho s lin tc
in t trong tt c cc trng hp: mc ni, un cong, thay i v tr, vt
tng
Hnh 2.4.10 Cu trc mng cable ph hp

2.4.6 S lin tc in t
S lin tc in t ca mt h thng l kh nng dn dng in. Mi h thng
c m t bng in tr R ca n.
Nu R = 0, h thng l mt vt dn in hon ho.
Nu R v cc th h thng l vc cch in hon ho.
85
in tr ca h thng cng thp, th lin tc in t cng tt.

S quan trng ca vic c s lin tc in t hon hon:
m bo an ton cho ngi v ti sn: trnh c cc ri ro v in git.
Gp phn t c EMC tt trong qu trnh lp t: bng vic gim cc dng

in nhiu pht ra do giao thoa.
2.4.7 Mng ni t
Mng ni t c to thnh t cc thnh phn kim loi ca ta nh c kt
ni vo nhau. Bao gm: x nh, ng ng dn, mng cable, khung kim loi
hay cc thit b. Tt c phi c kt ni m bo mng ni t l ng th.
H thng ni t ng th hot ng nh mt h thng ng dn lan truyn cc
dng in li hoc in xung qu cao xung t. p ng ny cho php bo v
ngi v ti sn; t c mc hiu nng EMC tha ng.
Do vy, hng li t nhng li im to ln v gii hn an ton v EMC,
mng cable kim loi phi c ni vi h thng ni t c mi chiu di 15m.
Ni mng cable ngn hn 15m, th kt thc ca mng cable phi c kt ni
vo h thng ni t.
Vai tr ca dy dn bo v: p ng s n gin v hiu qu cho vic
kt ni mng cable xung ni t.
Hnh 2.4.11 M t mng ni t

86
Cc ph kin chuyn dng cho ni t:

Grifequip: u ni n gin v hiu qu chi ph, c
lm bng nhm m thic. S dng cho dy dn bo v
vi tit din 6 v 35 mm2.
Grifequip 2: D dng lp t vi mt cht i cho dy

dn bo v tit din 6 v 35 mm2.
Bimetal-terminal: u ni lng kim cho ni t an

ton mt thi gian di. Dng cho dy dn bo v vi
tit din 16, 35 v 50 mm2.
Bimetal-terminal v ph kin terminal: ph hp

phn ln cc thng s k thut yu cu.
Hnh 2.4.12 M t ph kin chuyn dng cho ni t

2.4.8 Phng cha chy
2.4.8.1 Kh nng chu la
Theo tiu chun nh gi, ton b h thng mng cable, ph kin v cc dy
cable c th nghim trong l t vi mt thi gian 30, 60 hay 90 pht ti
nhit hn 1000oC. Vic kim tra a ra xc minh m bo cho h thng c
th chu la lu di, h tr cho trng hp ha hon.
Thi hn chu la
Chng nhn
> 30 pht
E 30
> 60 pht
E 60
> 90 pht
E 90
Hnh 2.4.13 Bng nh gi kh nng chu la ca mng cable

2.4.8.2 Khc phc chy lan qua h thng mng cable
Phn ln cc khe h trn tng v v bc ngoi cable d chy khin cc m
chy tr nn nghim trng, bi chng m rng khp ni trong ton b ta nh
nn cho php m chy lan rng d dng.
87
Hn na, s khi phc ton vn khu vc sau khi chy l mt iu quan trng
vi yu cu hiu sut nh ban u.
Gii php:
Cc phng php cha la thng thng
Cc sn phm chng chy lan thng thng: c lm t bt hay va h. Bt
li ca sn phm ny l cc ch trt kn phi b ph b trong trng hp b
sung thm cable. Khng c chc chn v tnh ton vn ca bc tng s lm n
khng th thc hin c cc yu cu phng cha chy.
Thit b chng chy lan EZ-Path
Thit b c cha sn bt phng, cho php phn ng t pht 177 oC
tr ln hoc khi tip xc trc tip vi ngn la. Ch vi cha n 1 pht, bt
n rng n 16 ln, lp y khong trng bt k v ng cng li, do vy bt
kn ng dn lm hn ch chy lan, bo v ngi v ti sn hiu qu. Hn
na, vic lp
t d dng cho php thay i h thng cable ti bt k thi im
no m khng s phng cha chy thay th.
Hnh 2.4.14 Thit b chng chy lan EZ-Path
88
CHNG 3: TNG QUAN HOCH NH XY DNG H

THNG
C S DATACENTER
3.1 Quy trnh d n Data Center
Mt d n xy dng Data Center c th ln hoc nh, xy dng mi hoc ci to
n, thc hin ton b hoc ch mt phn. N c th lin quan ti s thay i
v kch thc phng c hoc cch b tr hoc cng sut in, s gia tng v
mt in, s thit k li kin trc ngun in hoc vic lm mt, hoc bt k
mt s thay i no n c s h tng vt l ca Data Center. Bt chp kch c
hoc bn cht ca d n, s thc hin thnh cng ph thuc khng ch vo s
u t v thit lp trang thit b cho h thng, m hn na cn da trn quy
trnh dn dt d n thng qua s khai trin v thc thi ca n, t tng cho
n vn hnh.
tng ca quy trnh chun ha dn hng cho vic to ra h thng khng
phi l mi, nhng s quan trng ca n vi s thnh cng ca d n c s h
tng ca Data Center ch c hiu phn u. Cng nh tiu chun
ca h thng vt l lm ci thin tin cy v y nhanh s trin
khai, quy trnh chun ha cng gp phn ng k vo ton b thnh cng v
d ton ca d n
v h thng n to ra.
HOCH NH
NHU CU
DOANH
NGHIP
CHUN B
THIT K
XY DNG
TIP NHN
TRIN KHAI
H THNG
Hnh 3.1.1 Quy trnh d n Data Center

3.1.1 Cc yu t cu thnh d n
Mt d n l bt k s thay i ng k cn mt dng trt t cc nhim
v - mt quy trnh t chc v qun l s thc thi. Theo nh ngha ny,
vic xy dng mt Data Center hoc phng my ch mi r rng l mt d n.
Vic b sung thm cc rack cho cc server mi thng cng l mt
d n,
nhng thm mt rack vo Data Center hin hnh th chc chn khng l mt d
n.
Cc c im sau thng dng a s nng cp Data Center ln tm d
n:
S thay i v kin trc ngun in hoc vic lm mt
a ra cc ri ro
Cn thit cho s hoch nh hoc sp xp
Cn thit ngng hot ng thit b
3.1.2 S cn thit mt quy trnh chun ha
89
Vn ln ph bin cho nhiu d n Data Center l lng ph thi gian, lng ph

ngn sch, hay cc li do s sai st trong quy trnh: vic kim sot b b qua,
90
trch nhim khng r rng, cc quyt nh sai lch, v cc li khc ca vic

truyn t hay thc thi. iu ny khng nht thit l do cc sai st trong hot
ng ca nhng ngi tham gia khc nhau n d n - ngi dng cui, nh
cung cp phn cng, k s thit k - m ng hn l thiu mt s bao qut, mt
quy trnh c chia s, dn dt tt c ngi tham gia nh mt nhm, lm r cc
trch nhim v s truyn t. Mi nguy hi ca mt quy trnh phi chun ha
hoc khng tn ti to ra chui chi ph v s chm tr v ch v
c s tht vng:
Cht lng gim
Chi ph tng cao
Thi gian lng ph
Ti liu khng y
Vic kim tra khng y
Dch v suy gim
Phn ln cc sai st bc l sau cng nhng giai on cui ca d n hoc sau
khi d n honh thnh k cc kt qu tht bi doanh nghip khng phi do
bi cc vn v thnh phn vt l ca h thng c xy dng, m do bi cc
quyt nh thc hin hoch nh h thng v bi cc sai st trong quy trnh
m t h thng c trin khai.
Mt quy trnh chun ha c thit k tt c thng tin v cu trc gn lin
trnh cc vn nh vy, c cc giai on hoch ch v ti mi bc
theo
phng hng d n hon thnh. Kt qu l gim c vic chnh sa, chu
trnh thi gian nhanh, v mt h thng c trin khai sau cng nh mong i,
khng gy s c bt ng no.
3.1.3 S chun ha vi s ty bin
Quy trnh chun ha c m t y khng ngha l mi d n u nh nhau,
hay mi quy trnh phi chnh xc nh mt. N ch a ra mt khun kh thc
t tt nht v nguyn tc cho kin trc quy trnh thit yu m c th c sa
li cho hp vi d n. Khng phi ton b cc bc trong m t
quy trnh chun ha ny s c thc hin cho mi d n. Nh vi bt k
mt d n nhanh chng, quy trnh ny c t chc thnh cc n v module
(thnh cc bc, vi cc nhim v ca tng bc), ci c th c chn lc
cu hnh hay loi b, ty thuc vo cc yu cu ca d n.
S ty bin thng qua s cu hnh ca kin trc module, chun ha
l mt chin lc qua thi gian kim nh.
Cc c s h tng vt l Data Center cng nghip hng ti thit k module,
chun ha v cc thit b phn cng t c cc kt qu d on, hiu qu
v ng tin cy. Tng t, cc li ch doanh nghip do quy trnh module, chun
ha xy dng h thng m ra.
3.1.4 Cu trc c bn ca mt quy trnh d n
Quy trnh d n bt u vi nhu cu doanh nghip, c th l s gii thch
rp ni lng lo v mt vn doanh nghip, hay mt vi s trnh by chung
chung (VD: Cn mt trung tm sao lu d liu).
91
D n tin dn qua cc giai on quy trnh c xc nh r rng - Chun B,

Thit K, Tip Nhn, Trin Khai Cc nhim v c thc hin, thi gian ph
thuc vo s qun l, thng tin c chuyn ti ni cn n vo ng thi im,
s chuyn giao phi ng b, v kt qu cui cng ca quy trnh l
mt h thng c trin khai v hot ng y .
Hai giai on u tin cu thnh phn HOCH NH ca quy trnh (chuyn i
nhu cu ban u thnh thit k chi tit v danh sch cc thnh phn cho
xut u t). Hai giai on sau l phn XY DNG ca quy trnh (tin hnh
d n t vic tip nhn phn cng n h thng vn hnh).
3.1.4.1 Cc c im thit yu ca quy trnh
Bt chp phng php c bit no c s dng, quy trnh phi dn dt d n
hiu qu, ng tin cy, d nm bt, vi cc bin php an ton thch hp loi
tr cc vn nh s bn giao thiu st, trch nhim khng r rng v tht lc
thng tin. N nn bao gm cc chin lc cho vic qun l cc s c ngoi
mun nh cc thay i d n v cc thiu st. N nn c module ha v cu
hnh n c th iu chnh cho cc d n khc dng v kch c.
Mt quy trnh chun ha tha cc yu cu chung trn s c cc c im sau:
Mi hot ng cn thit cho vic hon thnh d n c bao gm trong
quy trnh.
Mi bc c xc nh r rng kt qu v u ra.
Mi kt qu to c phi l u vo ca bc khc,hoc l kt qu cui
cng ca d n. Khng n lc no l c hao ph cho kt qu
khng lin quan m khng ng vo quy trnh hoc cho kt qu sau
cng ca
d n.
Mi bc ca quy trnh phi phn nh r rng quyn s
hu trch nhim, khng nn mp m cc quyn khng cho php hoc
khng c th cho cc bc.
Khng ph v hoc b trng gia cc bc - bi mi bc lin quan n
cc iu kin tin quyt v cc bc trnh t con bi d liu u vo v
kt qu ca n. Khi mt bc nhn c tt c d liu u vo, n c
th hon thnh nhim v ca n v cho ra kt qu m cc bc khc ph
thuc vo n.
C cc chc nng khng ng b c bit c duy tr trng thi
ch trong sut tin trnh ca d n, gii quyt mt cch h thng vi
cc thay i khng mong mun hoc sa cha sai st.
Cc bc c th c loi b thit lp quy trnh thch hp vi d n
c th.
92
Hnh 3.1.2 Cc giai on ca quy trnh d n Data Center
3.1.4.2 Cc giai on, cc bc v cc mc quan trng
93
3.1.4.3 Cc hot ng khng ng b

Ngoi cc bc thc thi thng qua cc tin trnh d kin ca d n, th cn thit
phi c c cu tin trnh x l nhng s kin bt ng. Cc hot ng bt
ng b ny c th c kch hot bt k lc no trong sut d n.
a. Cc thay i d n
S thay i l mt phn ca d n. Do vy tin trnh phi c thit k iu
chnh cc thay i m khng to ra sai ht, tr hon hoc chi ph khng
cn thit. Cc thay i c th l do d liu mi m cha c nhn din trc
y: cc thay i v thit b hay dch v, hoc cc thay i trong yu cu h
thng ngi dng.
b. Sa cha sai st sn phm
Tt bt k thi im no sau khi vn chuyn n, mt phn h thng c th
tht lc, h hi hoc b hng. Khi trch nhim cho vic khc phc cc sai st
ny s ch yu l phn cn li ca nh cung cp, tin trnh phi chun b
trao i vi nh sn xut v gii quyt s tr hon trong thi gian sa cha.
c. Sa cha sai st thc thi
bt k mt thc thi no, c it l mt thc thi mi, cn phi c xem xt
mt cn c minh chng cho vic trin khai tin trin. Tht lc d liu, cc li
trnh t - thm ch l thiu bc- c th c pht hin trong qu trnh din
bin ca d n. Vi mt chin lc khi phc c hoch nh trc, s tr
hon v chi ph cho sai lm tin trnh c th c gim thiu.
Nh vi cc bc thc thi lin tc, cc hot ng bt ng b ny phi c
bn giao r rng cho ngi s hu m bo s lin tc c thc thi khi c s
kin bt ng xy ra.
D c xc nh v x l nh mt hot ng ring r hay kt hp vo cc nhim
v qun l d n, th cc th tc bt ng b c xc nh trc l rt cn
thit cho hiu qu v s thnh cng ca tin trnh thc hin d n.
3.1.4.4 Ni dung mi bc thc thi
Mi bc trong tin trnh l mt tp hp cc nhim v lin quan t ti mc
ch ca mi bc. Do vy, trong mi bc cn c nhng thnh phn cn thit
sau:
a. Quyn m nhim
Cc thnh phn tham giam m nhim thc thi bc ny. N c th nm
trong phm vi t chc ngi dng, hoc c p ng nh dch v bn ngoi
do nh cung cp thit b hoc nh cung cp dch v th ba.
b. Danh sch cng vic
Mt m t v nhim v, cng vic cn c thc hin hon thnh mi bc.
Cc nhim v xc nh cng vic thc t ca d n. Mi nhim v c cc ch
dn v danh sch kim tra cho tng hnh ng c th hon thnh. Cc nhim
v trong mi bc c xc nh bi loi d n, v bi cc yu t c s h
tng lin quan.
c. D liu u vo
94
Cc d liu cn thit cng vic ca mi bc c hon thnh. Mi d liu

u vo ca mt bc l kt qu u ra ca bc trc n.
d. Kt qu u ra
D liu c to ra mi bc s cn thit nh l d liu u vo i vi cc
bc theo sau trong tin trnh.
Hng
dn
D LIU
U VO
Kim
tra
DANH SCH
NHIM V
KT QU
m nhim bi:...
BC THC THI
Hnh 3.1.3 Ni dung c bn ca mi bc thc thi

3.1.4.5 Qun l d n
Nh vi bt k d n doanh nghip, mt d n Data Center cn c s gim st
chuyn mn v chuyn dng, vi cc th tc vn bn m bo cc hot ng
quan trng ca d n nh v:
Tnh lin tc
Vic lp danh mc
Cc ngun cung cp
Ngn sch
Cc thay i h thng
Cc sai st tin trnh
Cc bo co hin trng
Vic y quyn cc nhim v qun l d n l yu t quan trng ca thit k
tin trnh, cn phi c xem xt v xc nh tin quyt, trc khi n thi gian
thc thi chng.
3.2 Phng php hoch nh
Trong d n xy dng (hoc nng cp) Data Center, cc hot ng hoch nh
u tin c xem l cc tim tng li ln nht. Phn ln cc khim
khuyt xut hin cc giai on sau ca d n khng phi do li cc thnh
phn thit
b ca h thng, m l bi ci thit st hay cc sai lch thng tin trong qu trnh
hoch nh. Tuy nhin, c th trnh cc vn ny bng cch c ng ngi
thc hin cc quyt nh hp l trong ng trnh t.
Vic hoch nh h thng ca d n bao gm giai on Chun B v Thit K, t
nn tng cho mi thc theo sau , ng vai tr quyt nh thnh cng cho
95
d n. Hai giai on ny s ra cc chi tit cho c h thng s c to ra v quy

trnh s to ra n.
Hoch nh quy trnh bao gm nhng th nh phn cng trch nhim, thit lp
qun l d n, da ra cc quyt nh thu bn ngoi h tr, ngn sch v lp
lch trnh.
Hoch nh h thng l gii quyt s thit lp trang thit b, kt qu xc thc
ca d n.
3.2.1 Trnh t hoch nh
Trnh t hoch nh h thng l dng logic v tng, hot ng v thng tin,
chuyn i t tng d n ban u thnh mt k hoch thit lp chi tit. Bao
gm trnh t nm nhim v din ra trong sut cc giai on Chun B v Thit
K ca d n.
Nm nhim v ny xy ra cng vi ni dung ca cc nhim v khc cn thit
cho vic tin hnh tng th d n nh phn tch ngn sch, vic thu cc nh
cung cp dch v, v cc xut pht sinh. Tuy vy, cc nhim v hoch nh
h thng to thnh trt t logic ca ring chng, c th tch ri v xem xt tng
ci. Khi tch bit nh vy, n tr nn d dng hnh dung v nm r dng
hot ng m bin i v tinh chnh tng thng thng thnh thit k h
thng chi tit.
XY DNG
HOCH NH
TIP NHN
CHUN B
TRIN KHAI
THIT K
Cc nhim v trong
TRNH T HOCH NH H THN
NH GI NHU CU
Xem xt cc yu cu
doanh nghip v cc gi
nh
Xc nh cc thng s IT
Nhn bit cc phm vi ri
ro
KHI NG D N
M RNG TNG
M rng tng h thng
Lp d ton ngn sch
GII PHP CU HNH

To thit k chi tit
THIT LP CC YU CU
Xc nh cc yu cu ngi
dng
To bn chi tit k thut
1. Xc nh cc thng s IT
2. M rng tng h thng
3. Xc nh cc yu cu ngi dng
4. To bn chi tit k thut
5. To thit k chi tit
HON CHNH K HOCH

XUT THC HIN
Hnh 3.2.1 Cc nhim v trong trnh t hoch nh

C mi nhim v ny ly d liu u vo, sau x l bin i hoc b sung
thm vo v chuyn n n cho nhim v tip theo.
96
YU CU
DOANH NGHIP
Xc nh cc thng s IT
Hn mc
Cng sut
K hoch pht trin
M rng tng h thng
M h nh tham kho
Chn lc cc u tin
Chn lc cc Hn ch
Xc nh yu cu ngi dng
Cc Hn ch
Cc u tin
To bn chi tit k thut
Bn chi tit k thut
To thit k chi tit
Thit k chi tit
Hnh 3.2.2 M t trnh t thc hin cc nhim v hoch nh
97
3.2.1.1 Nhim v th 1: Xc nh cc thng s

Nhim v ny bt u vi tng thng thng ca nhu cu doanh nghip c i
hi s thay i i vi kh nng ca t chc. T , xc nh s lc ba ci
nh lng k hoch cho vic ci thin (hoc dng mi). Ba th l Hn
Mc, Cng Sut, K Hoch Pht Trin. Tt c l c im ca hot ng IT
cho Data Center, khng phi l ca c s h tng thit b h tr n. Theo ,
cc thng s ny s c dng bt u m ra cc yu cu c s h tng thit
b cho Data Center.
HN MC
K HOCH
PHT TRIN
CNG SUT
THIT K IT
M hnh
h thng ngun
v lm mt
M hnh
h thng mng
Cng sut ngun cn thit
M hnh
Server/Storage
Cng sut mng cn thit
M hnh
Cc ng dng
Cng sut Server/Stg cn thit
Hnh 3.2.3 Tc ng 3 thng s: Hn mc, Cng sut v K hoch pht trin

a. Hn Mc
Hn Mc c trnh din bi mt con s t 1 n 4 biu th mc hot ng
quan trng ca Data Center i vi doanh nghip, v mc chu ng downtime. Hn Mc l mt phn m rng ca khi nim tng ng v
sn sng (Tier). Hn Mc c chn s xc nh cc c im chnh ca
kin trc
h thng, nh v s d phng h thng in v lm mt, cng nh s vng
chc ca gim st h thng v cc chi tit xy dng phng c khc nhau m c
nh hng n tin cy.
Hn
Mc
Cc c im doanh nghip
nh hng ti thit k h thng
1.
(Thp
nht)
Cc doanh nghip nh in hnh;

phn ln doanh thu t giao dch
tin mt; s hin din trc tuyn
hn ch; t ph thuc vo IT;
down-time c th chp nhn
c.
Nhiu im li n trong cc
kha cnh ca thit k; khng c
my pht in; d b tn hi vi
cc iu kin thi tit khc
nghit; thng khng th duy tr
hn 10 pht mt in.
98
2.
C mt vi dch v giao dch trc

tuyn; c nhiu my ch; h
Mt vi d phng v h thng
in v lm mt; C my pht
99
3.
4.
(Cao
nht)
thng in thoi cn cho vic

kinh doanh; ph thuc v email;
c kh nng chng vi downtime nh k.
in d phng; c kh nng duy

tr 24 gi mt in; c s xuy
xt ti thiu vi vic la chn v
tr; phng d liu chnh c
cch bit vi cc khu vc khc.
Mang tnh ton cu; doanh thu

chnh t cc kinh doanh trc
tuyn; h thng in thoi VoIP;
ph thuc cao vo IT; hao ph
cao cho downtime; thng hiu
c cng nhn mc cao.
Hai hng a dng (active v

passive); Cc d phng h thng
in v lm mt; c kh nng
truy tr 72 gi mt in; c
hoch nh la chn v tr cn
thn; cho php hot ng bo tr
ng thi.
Mang tm doanh nghip hng

triu USD; doanh thu chnh t
cc gii quyt in t; ton b
m hnh kinh doanh ph thuc
vo IT; hao ph cc k ln cho
downtime
Hai hng a dng c lp; cc

h thng in v lm mt chun
2N; c kh nng duy tr 96 gi
mt in; tiu chun la chn v
tr cht ch; an ninh mc
cao; b phn bo tr thng
trc 24/7.
Hnh 3.2.4 Bng cp thng s Hn mc

b. Cng Sut
Thng s ny tr li cho cu hi n thun Cn mt Data Center ln c no?
Cng Sut c ni y l lng in ti a c c lng cho Data Center
trong sut thi gian hot ng. N khng phi l cng sut nng lng ca h
thng c s thit b c thit k theo trnh t hoch nh (m n s ln hn
nhiu) ng hn, l d on tt nht v lng in ti a s c p ng
trong thi gian Data Center hot ng. Con s ny s tr thng mt trong bn
thng s ca K Hoch Pht Trin.
c. K Hoch Pht Trin
K Hoch Pht Trin tht ra l bn thng s - mt tp hp bn con s m t
s gia tng d kin ca lng in s dng, th hin bng kW. Bn con s ny
t vic m t ti lng s dn dt thit k h thng nng lng. S gia tng
khng m bo trong tng lai c x l theo cch n gin bng vic p
ng c v ti lng sau cng ti a v ti lng sau cng ti thiu, v gi nh
ty chn ca mt thit k m rng c th t ti gi tr ti a trong s gia tng
theo thi gian.
100
Hoch nh cng sut h thng
Phn d
kW
Tiu th sau
cng ti a
Tiu th
ban u
Thi gian
khi ng
Tiu th sau
cng ti thiu
Thi gian
Hnh 3.2.5 M t thng s cho K hoch pht trin

3.2.1.2 Nhim v th 2: M rng tng h thng
Nhim v ny ly cc thng s c s t nhim v trc Hn Mc, Cng
Sut v K Hoch Pht Trin v dng chng a ra tng tng qut cho
h thng c s h tng thit b. Phn chnh ca nhim v ny l vic la chn
m hnh tham kho, ci s th hin cho Hn Mc, Cng Sut v c mt kh
nng m rng h tr cho K Hoch Pht Trin.
M hnh tham kho
Cn c vo cc thng s: Hn Mc, Cng Sut v K Hoch Pht Trin,
c hng ngn kh nng cch thit k h thng c s thit b, nhng ch mt
s nh l ph hp. Mt th vin cc thit k ti u (c khuyn dng v
c chng minh) c th dng nhanh chng thu hp cc kh nng chn la.
Cc m hnh tham kho c th gip trong vic g ri hoc loi tr, bi vic
trnh by cc thit k c th rt kh khp ni hoc cha c ngh n. Cc
thit k tham kho c hu ht cc k s h thng xy dng sn, nhng vi
sn sng tha mn cc yu cu c th ca mt phm vi cc
d n ngi dng.
M hnh tham kho l mt thit k h thng thc t, l mt biu mu hoc
s phc tho tp hp cc thuc tnh quan trng ca thit k ngi
dng gi nh. Mt m hnh tham kho th hin mt s kt hp r rng cc
thuc tnh bao gm cc tnh nng ch o, mt nng lng, cc tnh nng
m rng v nh mc o c.
Kh nng to ln ca cc m hnh tham kho l n cung cp mt con ng tt
nh gi hiu qu cc thit k thay th m khng mt thi gian hao tn thc
thi cc chi tit k thut v thit k trn thc t. Cc quyt nh cht lng cao
c th t c nhanh chng v hiu qu.
3.2.1.3 Nhim v th 3: Xc nh cc yu cu ngi dng
101
Cc yu cu ngi dng bao gm bt k thng tin g v d n m c trng cho

d n ngi dng ny. Nhim v ny thu thp v nh gi cc yu cu ngi
dng xc nh chng c hp l hay khng, hoc iu chnh gim bt
chi ph hay trnh cc ri ro.
Cc yu cu ngi dng cho da n c th l cc c im v ty chn quan
trng, cc hn ch phng c, cc hn ch IT hin hnh v cc hn ch hu cn.
Nhim v ny gm hai na, chia cc yu cu ngi dng thnh hai loi:
Cc u Tin: iu n ngi dng mong mun, nhng ty thuc vo s
thay i hoc iu chnh sau khi xem xt v chi ph v h qu. Cc u
Tin l th c i hi, nhng s thay i khi c thng tin mi (c th
gia tng hoc thu hp cc u Tin).
Cc Hn Ch: iu m khng th thay i hoc ch c th thay i vi
chi ph ln hoc vi cc trnh t ph khng th chp nhn. Cc Hn Ch
l cc iu kin tn ti trc m rt kh hay khng th thay i.
Mi th yu cu mt loi tho lun khc nhau, thng c thc hin vi cc
kiu ngi khc nhau. Nu mt ci g gy ra rc ri sau ny trong tin trnh
hoch nh, th quan trng phi bit n l mt Hn Ch hay mt u Tin c
th gii quyt ng n v iu chnh nu thch hp.
3.2.1.4 Nhim v th 4: To bn chi tit k thut
chuyn i c yu cu ngi dng (t nhim v trc) thnh mt thit k
chi tit, trnh t hoch ch s dng bc trung gian trong vic to ra bn chi
tit k thut h thng.
Bn chi tit k thut s dng nh mt tp quy tc c di theo khi to thit k
h thng chi tit. Bn chi tit k thut bao gm cc thnh phn sau:
Cc c im k thut tiu chun: khng thay i trong ton d n. Cc
c im ny bao gm cc phn chnh ca bn chi tit k thut. V d
nh cc tiu chun v tun th php l, s tng thch ca cc h thng
ph, k nng thc hin v an ton.
Cc c im ngi dng: xc nh r cc chi tit ngi dng c th ca
d n. y l cc yu cu ngi dng (Cc u Tin v Hn
Ch) t nhim v trc , c c t vic tch ly ca trnh t hoch
nh cho
ti thi im ny.
S kt hp cc chi tit k thut tiu chun v cc c im ngi dng to ra
mt bn chi tit k thut hon chnh, t ng vai tr nh mt chun chung
cho thit k h thng chi tit. Thit k h thng chi tit (trong cc nhim v tip
theo) phi tha tt c cc c im trong bn chi tit k thut hon chnh ny.
3.2.1.5 Nhim v th 5: To thit k chi tit
Nhim v cui cng ca trnh t hoch nh l to ra mt thit k chi tit cho
h thng c thit lp, bao gm:
Danh sch cc thnh phn chi tit
S sn chnh xc cho rack, k c thit b ngun v lm mt
Cc ch dn lp dt chi tit
102
Lch trnh d n chi tit

Cc c im thc t xy dng ca thit k, bao gm c hiu sut, mt
v kh nng m rng.
nh l bn thit k chi tit s tha bn chi tit k thut hon chnh c to
trong nhim v trc . Bn chi tit k thut hon chnh bao gn cc c im
k thut v cc chi tit ngi dng c th ca h thng, cng thm phn ln cc
c k thut cn c trn hiu nng p dng cho bt k h thng no. n mc
rng n phi tha ton b cc quy tc , thit k chi tit s th hin
h thng c m t bi bn chi tit k thut.
103
CHNG 4: MU GII PHP THC T CHO DOANH NGHIP

4.1 Cc d liu thng tin cn thit
4.1.1 Hin trng
D kin xy dng Data Center ti tng 2 ca ta nh kin trc 10 tng, khu vc
d kin cho Data Center c tng din tch tng ng 120 m2.
Ta nh c xy mi hon ton v chiu cao thng tng theo thit k l 3.3 m.
Hnh 4.1.1 M t hin trng cho mu gii php thc t

4.1.2 Yu cu
Thit k v trin khai Data Center hon chnh vi cc yu cu k thut nh sau:
Ti trng sn cho khu vc Data Center p ng ti trng thit b s lp
t trong tng lai v p ng theo tiu chun Data Center quc t.
T vn thit k h thng ngun in cho Data Center bo m cng
sut cho m rng ti a trong tng lai vi yu cu ti
thiu tng ng 10 rack thit b, bao gm 06 rack p ng ti 14
104
KW, 04 rack cho
105
ti i a 7 KW. K hoch s dng c chia lm hai giai on, giai

on u 3 t 7 KWv 3 t 14 KW; giai on hai gm 1 t 7 KWv 3 t
14 KW.
H thng UPS c thit k cu hnh d phng chun N+1 bo m h
thng vn hot ng bnh thng khi c s c vi 01 UPS
hoc cho chp ngng ti a 01 UPS trong thi gian bo tr.
H thng phn phi ngun t rack phi bo m 02 ngun cho mi t
bo m d phng cao nht cho cc thit b quan trng.
H thng iu ha chuyn dng cho Data Center, bo m cng sut
lm mt cc thit b trong tng giai on, c kh nng d phng N+1,
cho php qun l v iu chnh nhit , m chnh xc.
H thng cable phi p ng cc yu cu s dng cho cc ng
dng ngn hng. i vi h thng LAN phi m bo ti thiu bng thng
1
Gb/kt ni. Yu cu s dng cable ng chun CAT-6; cable
quang,
cable vin thng p ng cc yu cu kt ni vin thng, kt ni thit b
lu tr SAN. H thng cable phi c thi cng ng tiu chun quc
t, c khoa hc v thm m.
H thng h tng c s cho Data Center bao gm sn nng, tng chng
chy, cch nhit, cch nhit sn, h thng chiu sng khu vc
v h thng chiu sng khn cp.
H thng cha chy chuyn dng vi cc yu cu: cht cha chy phi
l loi c ph chun cho mi trng IT v Data Center; h thng phi
c kh nng gim st ngun nhit, khi v kch hot cha chy t ng
hp l, bo m khng gy h hi cho thit b, an ton cho con ngi v
mi trng, phi p ng kh nng cha chy cc khu vc trng yu
nh khu vc server, khu vc ngun in.
H thng kim sot ra vo cho php iu khin, gim st tp trung, trc
tuyn theo thi gian thc, cho php s dng th t kt hp phm bm
tng cng an ninh.
H thng camera quan st: cho php ghi li hnh nh cc khu vc trng
yu, hot ng 24/24. Thi gian lu tr ti thiu 4 tun.
H thng gim st mi trng v thit b cho php gim st hot ng
ca cc thit b trng yu nh UPS, cc thit b iu ha v lm mt.
4.1.3 Tiu ch thit k
B tr mt bng hiu qu v hp l, ph hp vi hng dn
ca tiu chun TIA-942, bo m d dng cho vic vn hnh v bo tr h
thng.
Ngun in thit k p ng cng sut tng giai on v c kh nng
m rng ti a m khng cn ph v kin trc hin c.
H thng iu ha khng kh phi c kh nng iu chnh nhit ,
m v cng sut cn thit cho h thng. Cc khu vc khng cn h
thng iu ha chnh xc s s dng h thng thng thng tit kim
106
chi ph u t.
107
H thng cable bo m nhu cu s dng hin ti v trong tng lai ti

thiu 5 nm, bo m thi cng v bo tr d dng.
H thng phng cha chy tun th cc quy tc phng cha
chy v khuyn ngh v h thng cha chy sch cho Data Center.
Cc h thng an ninh bo mt, gim st: p ng y nhu cu gim
st v bo v, hot ng lin tc 24/24
Cc h thng thit b ph tr khc phi ph hp vi mi trng Data
Center hin ti.
4.2
Gii php k thut

4.2.1 H tng c s
4.2.1.1 Ti trng sn, sn nng v cao thng tng
Xy dng sn t 850 kg/m2 cho khu vc d kin s dng lm
Data
Center; chiu cao thng tng 3.3 m p ng yu cu.
Sn nng c cao hon thin l 400 mm.
Tm sn s dng l loi c kch thc 600x600 (mm), c kt
cu thp, li b-tng, b mt c ph lp cch din v chng tnh
in, kh nng chu ti ti thiu 1200 kg/m2.
Ton b mt sn b-tng ti khu vc phng server c lt
lp cch nhim trnh tht thot nhit v chng hin tng ng
nc tng di.
H thng chn ca sn nng c u ni tip t trit tiu r in
v chng tnh in.
Cc ng ra vo ca phng thit b c b tr ramp dc,
mt sn nghing bc cao su chng trt cho vic vn chuyn thit b ra
vo.
4.2.1.2 Tng, trn nh v ca ra vo
Ca gm hai loi: loi cnh m ra/vo v ca la khng gian hp.
Kt cu ca cch nhit, chng chy cho cc khu vc c bit nh phng
server, phng ngun.
Cc ca c trang b kha c b iu khin tp trung.
B mt tng phng server v phng ngun s c b
thch cao chng chy, c chn lp si thy tinh chng chy, cch nhit.
Trn l loi thch cao chng chy, cng c lp thy tinh chng chy,
cch nhit mn.
108
4.2.1.3 Thit k b tr
Hnh 4.2.1 M t b tr cho mu gii php thc t

Ton b Data Center c chia lm 06 khu vc chnh:
Khu vc Server (SVR): l ni b tr ton b server, thit b mng, u
cable ni b. T rack c b tr thnh hai hng mt i nhau, to hnh
lang kh lnh c chiu rng l 1.2 m. Phng c 02 ca gm ca ra vo
chnh l ca i chng chy, cch nhit, kch thc 1.2 m (W) x 2.2 m
(H) c kha bo v; ca cn li l ca thot him cho trng hp khn
cp, c kha ch cho php m mt chiu t bn trong.
Khu vc M&E: l ni lp t cc t ng m ngun, UPS v Battery,
cc t phn phi ngun cho khu vc SVR v cc khu vc khc
trong Data Center; phng cn c lp t bnh kh FM200 cho vic phng
cha chy.
109
Khu vc CRAC: ni cha thit b iu ha khng kh chnh xc,

cho
php kh lnh c thi m sn vo bn trong v thun tin cho vic bo
tr.
Khu vc NOC: V tr gn vi hng cable thng tng nht; c b tr cc
my tnh cho php kt ni iu khin vo khu vc SVR, hoc kt ni h
thng h thng qun l. Ngoi ra cn b tr mt t vin thng dng cho
u ni cable vin thng t bn ngoi vo.
Khu vc Staging: Dng kim tra th thit b IT trc khi a vo h
thng hot ng, ng thi l ni lu tr cc thit b d phng v cng
c cn thit cho Data Center.
Khu vc Mantrap: Dng iu ha thn nhit cho nhn vin vn hnh
khi ra vo khu vc SVR; c b tr cc ramp dc thun
tin vn chuyn thit b.
V tr t Condenser: treo tng bn cnh khu vc SVR
Kch thc: 700 (W) x 1300 (H) x 1600 (L)
Trng lng: 1 Condenser = 130 Kg
Hnh 4.2.2 Hnh dng Condenser

4.2.2 H thng lm mt gii nhit cho Data Center
Cn c vo quy m d n v yu cu v tnh an ton cho h thng, cng nh
hiu qu u t a ra hai nhm h thng lnh sau:
H thng lnh chnh xc dng cho khu vc SVR
H thng lnh thng thng dng cho khu vc ngun, khu vc NOC v
khu vc Staging
a. H thng iu ha chnh xc
c b tr gii nhit cho khu vc SVR, cho php iu khin nhit v
m mi trng t ng theo thng s ci t. Ngoi ra, thit lp cu hnh N+1
cho h thng.
110
Cng sut yu cu ca h thng lnh chnh xc c xc nh nh sau:

Ti giai on 1:
Nhit lng do thit b IT:
63 KW
Nhit lng do h thng phn phi ngun ta ra:
3 KW
Nhit lng do h thng n v nhn vin vn hnh:
1 KW
Tng cng giai on 1:
67 KW
Ti giai on 2:
Nhit lng do thit b IT:
49 KW
Nhit lng do h thng phn phi ngun ta ra:
2 KW
Nhit lng do h thng n v nhn vin vn hnh:

( tnh giai on 1)
0 KW
Tng cng giai on 2:
51 KW
Tng cng cho hai giai on: 114 KW

Cn c theo yu cu bo v cao cho Data Center, xut s dng h thng thi
lnh m sn, vi cc thit b lnh c b tr ti mt khu vc ring cch bit.
xut s dng h thng lnh chnh xc ca hng Emerson vi thng s k
thut sau:
Loi sn phm: Emerson-Liebert model P2070
Loi: Thi m sn
Cng ngh p dng: Air-cooled
Cng sut lnh ti a: 70 KW nhit 24oC v m 50% +/- 5%
Vi cu hnh N+1 th k hoch u t bao gm giai on 1: 02 my P2070; giai
on 2: b sung thm 01 my P2070. Tng hai giai on u t 03 h thng
Liebert P2070 vi hiu qu s dng 114/140 KW= 81% cu hnh N+1 (cu
hnh ti u)
Ngoi ra bo m kh nng lm mt cho cc t server cho nhu cu s dng
server dng blade v ti u ngun kh lnh; xut s dng
gii php Coolflex s dng mt khung qun l kh lnh bo m ngun
lnh c qun l tt, trnh kh nng ha trn kh lnh v kh nng lm gim
hiu sut ca h thng gii nhit.
b. H thng iu ha bnh thng
Nhit lng ta ra ca h thng UPS = 4.7 KWx 2 = 9.4 KW(tng ng 2
UPS cp ti)
111
Nhit lng ta ra do cc thit b khc: 3 KW

Tng ngun nhit ca phng ngun tng ng 13 kW, do vy cn h thng
lm mt tng ng 54.560 BTU tng ng my lnh 5 HP. xut cu
hnh 1+1 cho khu vc ngun.
Do cn trang b 02 my lnh ng 5 HP cho khu vc ngun, 1 my lnh 2
HP cho khu vc Staging (vi khu vc NOC c th trang b 1 my lnh 1.5 - 2
HP v ch s dng khi c ngi lm vic).
4.2.3 H thng in cho Data Center:
p dng h thng cp ngun cho Data Center tiu chun nh sau:
Hnh 4.2.3 M t h thng in cho mu gii php thc t

4.2.3.1 UPS
p dng cho cc khi thit b sau:
Thit b IT bao gm server, thit b network, thit b truyn dn,..
Thit b iu khin phng cha ha hon.
112
Thit b iu khin ng/m ca h thng Access Control.

Thit b h thng gim st: camera.
i vi cc thit b khc nh h thng gii nhit, n chiu sng c cp
ngun trc tip bo m tit kim v cht lng ngun cung cp cho thit b
quan trng.
Cng sut UPS cn thit nh sau:
Giai on 1:
Ngun cn cho thit b IT:
(3 x 7 KW+ 3 x 14 KW)
63 KW
Ngun cho thit b ph tr:
5 kW
Tng cng giai on 1:
68 kW
Giai on 2:
Ngun cn cho thit b IT:
(1 x 7 KW+ 3 x 14 KW)
49 KW
Ngun cho thit b ph tr:

( tnh giai on 1)
0 KW
Tng cng giai on 2:
49 KW
Tng cng hai giai on : 112 KW

bo m tnh an ton ca h thng v u t tit kim, xut trang b UPS
theo cu hnh N+1, s dng sn phm UPS Emerson:
Giai on 1: 02 h thng NXr 60 KVA-60 KW(02 t hp Battery)
Giai on 2: 01 h thng NXr 60 KVA- 60 KW(01 t hp Battery)
Hiu qu s dng UPS = 112 /120 = 93% cu hnh N+1.
4.2.3.2 Ngun in li
Cn c yu cu s lng thit b m rng ti a cho 10 t rack vi cng sut s
dng d kin l 7 KWv 14 KW, a ra tng ngun cn thit nh sau:
Ngun cn thit cho UPS: 120 KVA (cho 02 UPS hot ng)
Ngun cho iu ha chnh xc: (380x61.3x1.73) x 2 = 80.6 KVA (N+1)
Ngun cho thit b iu ha thng thng: 10 KVA
Cc h thng ngun ph tr khc: 5 KVA
Tng cng sut ngun cn khong 225 KVA, nhn vi h s an ton, h s np
UPS, h s khi h thng iu ha,. cng sut h thng ngun cho Data
Center = 250 KVA.
4.2.3.3 My pht in
113
Do iu kin Data Center c b tr trong ta nh nn chc chn s c ngun

in li v my pht in ring. Cng sut my pht in cho Data
Center tng ng 250 KVA (cho c hai giai on, h thng iu
ha, h thng UPS) trong hai trng hp:
p dng cho h thng my pht in ring ca ta nh.
u t my pht in d phng ring cho Data Center.
4.2.3.4 H thng phn phi in
Hnh 4.2.4 M t phn phi in cho mu gii php thc t
114
Bao gm cc thnh phn chnh nh:

a. T ngun chnh (MDB Main Distribution Board)
T MDB u vo 3 pha t h thng in ca ta nh vi MCCB tng 400A.
H thng bus bar cng sut cao cung cp im u ni ngun cho
cc khi MCCB nhnh cho cc h thng iu ha (AC-DB), UPS
(UDB) v t cp ngun cho h thng n chiu sng, cm tng(LC)
H thng ct xung, lc st cng c b tr trong MSB bo m cht lng
dng in cung cp cho Data Center.
b. T ngun trung gian
Trang b h thng t phn ph ngun trung gian gm:
T phn phi cho h thng iu ha (AC-DB) ly ngun trc
tip t
MDB, khng qua UPS.
T phn phi cho h thng n, cm tng
T ngun u vo UPS (UDB)
T ngun u ra UPS (UPS-DB)
T phn phi ngun sau UPS cho cc h thng cn ngun c d phng (
server, thit b network, h thng phng chy, h thng access
cotrol, my tnh qun tr..)
T PDU cp ngun cho t rack ( tng cng an ton, cp ngun cho
t rack t 2 t PDU khc nhau).
Trong t phn phi s lp t h thng MCB c dng in ph hp vi ti tiu
th; vi PDU dnh cho cc t rack s s dng MCB kp loi 32A-2P
hoc
40A-2P.
c. H thng cable in, thang v mng cable in
Da trn quy m v m hnh thit k, p dng loi mng cable in bng kim
loi dng hp kn lp t bn di sn nng. Chiu cao ti thiu
ca mng cable l 100 mm trnh cn kh lnh lu thng trong sn.
H thng cable in phn phi cho thit b s dng in phi m bo chu ti
ti thiu bng 120% ti tiu th. i vi cable in phn phi cho t rack (in
1 pha) s dng dy calbe c tit din ti thiu 6 mm2 (32 A).
cc t rack, h thng phn phi in c u ni vo soket IEC-IP44 (32
A) kt ni d dng v linh hot vo h thng rack PDU.
d. Socket v rack PDU
Trong iu kin h thng ngun c bo v mt cch nghim ngt, s dng
ton b loi socket chun IEC gm hai loi chnh:
IEC-C13: 3 chu 10 A: dng cho tt c cc server, thit b mng nh.
IEC-C19: 3 chu 16 A: dng cho blade server, thit b mng ln.
Cn c vo sn phm rack PDU hin nay, s dng thanh ngun c tham s k
thut tng ng nh sau:
115
Xero U: thanh t dc theo t tit kim khng gian t.
116
Out-let: 20 C13 v 4 C19

Dng ti ti a: 32A
4.2.4 H thng phng cha chy
p dng gii php phng chy cha chy s dng sn phm kh FM200 ca
hng Kidde.
Tiu chun thit k h thng FM200:
H thng d tm khi b tr 3 tng: di sn nng, trn trn gi v trong
khng gian khu vc server.
H thng vi phun cng c b tr 3 tng, s dng u phun 360o.
B iu khin tp trung c cc trng thi cnh bo, tm ngng v hy
b.
Bnh cha FM200, c van, ng x p ng p lc ti thiu 25bar (25.5
Kg/cm2).
H thng FM200 c b tr bo v khu vc server v khu vc ngun, i vi
khu vc khc tit kim chi ph u t ch s dng 01 02 bnh cha chy
CO2 xch tay cho mi khu vc.
4.2.5 H thng chiu sng
S dng bng n hunh quang (loi 1.2 m, 36 W), vi b tr cho tng khu vc
nh sau:
Khu vc server:
09 b n
Khu vc ngun (M&E):
03 b n
Khu vc CRAC:
02 b n
Khu vc NOC:
02 b n
Khu vc Staging:
02 b n
Khu vc Mantrap:
01 b n
Tng cng:
19 b n
(38 bng vi mi b
cp 2 bng)
4.2.6 H thng Camera quan st

S dng gii php dng Camera v u thu k thut s ca hng Panasonic vi
tham s k thut sau:
Kh nng ghi nhn 30 hnh/giy
B lu tr 2.5 TB
Lu tr theo chun PAL hoc MPEG
C th quan st qua mng vi trnh duyt web 3 mc bo mt.
C cc ch hin th 4/6/9/16 khung nh trn 1 mn hnh.
4.2.7 H thng qun l truy nhp (Access Control)
117
B tr h thng kim sot ti 06 ca ra vo v kim sot hai chiu; ca thot

him c kim sot bng cng tc t.
Mc bo mt a l 2 mc (th t + phm bm) i vi chiu vo v chiu ra
bng th t. Ti mi ca u c nt nhn thot him khn cp.
4.2.8 H thng t rack v ph kin
Cn c theo nhu cu s dng v tnh thm m cho khu vc Data Center,
xut s dng t APC Netshelter SX (AR3100) vi cc c im:
T 42U x 600 mm x 1070 mm
Ca trc v sau l ca li c thng gi 65%
C thanh ray lp t thit b iu chnh c.
Tng thch vi cc thit b chun rack 19 inch.
Tng thch hon ton vi rack PDU loi zero U.
4.2.9 H thng cable LAN, SAN v kt ni vin thng
Gm ba h thng cable ch yu:
H thng cable kt ni vin thng: cable ng telco, cable quang singlemode.
H thng cable LAN: cable ng UTP, cable quang multi-mode.
H thng cable quang u ni mng SAN.
Vi m hnh u ni cable nh sau:
118
Hnh 4.2.5 M t m hnh u ni cable cho mu gii php thc t

Trong kin trc ny, cc t server c lp t cc patch-panel 24 port u ni
v t u nhy cable (cross-connect), tng t cc t network s u
patch- panel v t cross-connect v vic u nhy dy ch thc hin
trn t cross- connect ny.
Vi cable quang, ch yu l kt ni gia cc thit b mng ti khu vc u ni
thit b mng nn ch s dng dy nhy quang l .
Vi cc thit b dng h thng SAN, ty s lng thc t, c th dng dy nhy
quang u ni trc tip gia SAN-switch v HBA-card trn server hoc dng
ODF.
119
4.2.10 H thng mng cable d liu

Cn c vo iu kin thc t ca d n, s dng phng n i cable di sn
nng v s dng h thng mng dng li ca hng Cablofil; vi u im l
nh, s dng kim loi khng r st, l dng li nn cn khng
kh thp thch hp cho gii php thi lnh m sn.
4.2.11 H thng gim st, qun tr tp trung
4.2.11.1 H thng gim st
S dng h thng gim st mi trng v d nc r ca Emerson.
H thng gm hai thnh phn chnh:
H thng gim st nhit - m bao gm cc cm bin nhit v
m kt ni n h thng gim st trung tm; h thng ny tch hp
nhiu loi gim st khc nhau nh nhit , m, rung, bo chy
H thng d nc r r: bao gm b iu khin trung tm v cc b cm
bin dng dy dn di sn ti cc khu vc cn gim st.
4.2.11.2 H thng qun tr tp trung (KVM)
bo m cng tc vn hnh v qun tr t xa cho h thng server v thit b
mng t trong Data Center c bo m an ton, bo mt v lun sn sng,
do vy trang b h thng KVM cho server v thit b mng.
i vi server, thit b KVM thay th mt b mn hnh, bn phm, chut
kt ni t xa.
i vi thit b mng, thit b KVM l mt b kt ni tp trung to cc
kt ni bo mt trc tip vo cng console ca thit b.
Theo quy m d n, a ra s dng mt trong hai sn phm ca hng Aten: cho
php kt ni gia server v KVM-switch thng qua cable
UTP (dng converter) nn bo m thm m v kt ni linh hot.
4.3 Hoch nh trin khai
Gi nh d n c trin khai vo cui thng 12 (24/12/2010).
Cc vn v cung ng, vn chuyn trang thit b t yu cu v khng c s
c pht sinh xy ra.
120
ST
T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cng vic
Ngy
Bt u
Ngy
Kt thc
Thi
ln
g
(m
)
Trin khai h tng c

bn
Trin khai h thng
in
24/12/201
0
3/1/2011
10
5/1/2011
25/1/2011
20
Trin khai sn nng
7/1/2011
11/1/2011
26/1/2011
15/2/2011
20
18/2/2011
5/3/2011
15
26/3/2010
31/3/2010
10/3/2010
17/3/2010
2/4/2010
5/4/2010
Trin khai h thng

lnh
Trin khai trang thit b
Trin khai h thng
cha chy
Trin khai h thng
cable
Kim tra, vn hnh th
Ngy
24/12/201
0
Thng
02/201
1
Thng
01/2011
3
11
25
26
15
18
Thng
03/2011
5
10
17
Thng
04/2011
26
31
Hnh 4.3.1 Bng d kin trin khai cho mu gii php thc t
121
PH LC
Di y l bng nh gi cp cho Data Center, ngoi ra dng n nh mt bng tham chiu m bo t cc yu cu trng yu
trong qu trnh hoch nh, trin khai xy dng mt Data Center.
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
TI LIU THAM KHO

Tp ti liu
[1] Telecommunications
942,
Infrastructure
Standard
for
Data
Centers,
TIA-
Telecommunications Industry Association, USA,2005

[2]
Rob Snevely, Enterprise Data Center Design and Methodology, Revision 1,

Sun Microsystem Inc., USA, 2001.
[3]
Cablofil, Technical Guide, Cablofil Inc., 2009
[4]
Neil Rasmussen, White Paper 1 Rev 7, APC by Schbeuder Electric, 2010
[5]
[6]
Kevin Dunlap, White Paper 40 Rev 3, APC by Schbeuder Electric, 2010
[7]
Tony Evans, White Paper 59 Rev 1, APC by Schbeuder Electric, 2010
[8]
Kevin McCarthy, Victor Avelar, White Paper 75 Rev 3, APC by Schbeuder

Electric, 2010
[9]
Victor Avelar, White Paper 83 Rev 2, APC by Schbeuder Electric, 2010
[10] Neil
APC by
Rasmussen,
Suzanne
Niles,
White
Paper
141
Rev
1,
Niles,
White
Paper
142
Rev
1,
Niles,
White
Paper
143
Rev
1,
Schbeuder Electric, 2010

[11] Neil
APC by
Rasmussen,
Suzanne

[12] Neil
APC by
Rasmussen,
Suzanne

[13]
Thng tin Internet

http://www.cablinginstall.com/
http://www.lacviet.com.vn
http://vnpro.org
http://www.hvacr.vn
122

Bộ Giáo Dục Và Đào Tạo Trƣờng Đại Học Hoa Sen Khoa Khoa Học Và Công Nghệ

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bộ Giáo Dục Và Đào Tạo Trƣờng Đại Học Hoa Sen Khoa Khoa Học Và Công Nghệ

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC HOA SEN

THIT K C S H TNG CHO

Ging vin hng dn

Sinh vin thc hin

Trng Tn Pht - 070341

Thng 12 /nm 2010

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

NHN XT CA NGI HNG DN

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

Topology in hnh ........................................................................ 15

1.3 H thng cable Data Center ............................................................ 17

Khi qut ........................................................................................ 18

ng cable Backbone ............................................................... 21

Khi qut ........................................................................................ 21

1.4 Tiu chun TIA-942 ......................................................................... 23

Cc yu cu cho Entrance Room ............................................... 26

Cc yu cu cho Main Distribution Area ................................. 27

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

Cc yu cu cho Zone Distribution Area .................................. 28

Hot-aisle v Cold-aisle ................................................................... 29

1.5 S d phng cho Data Center ......................................................... 30

Cc h thng lm lnh bng khng kh (2-b phn) .................. 36

H thng lm lnh chnh xc gn trn v sn nh................... 42

2.2.5 Cc la chn cho h thng lm lnh ......................................... 53

Thit b d tm khi ti ch ........................................................... 55

Cc dng h thng cha chy .................................................... 58

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

2.3.5 Nt nhn bo chy v cc thit b tn hiu ............................... 63

V tr cc b ni (p dng chung cho tt c cc m rng) ...... 68

Trng ti hot ng an ton cho h thng mng cable .............. 67

Tng thch in t (EMC-ElectroMagnetic Compatibility). 72

Kh nng chu la .......................................................................... 75

CHNG 3: TNG QUAN HOCH NH XY DNG H THNG

Cc c im thit yu ca quy trnh........................................... 79

3.2 Phng php hoch nh................................................................. 82

Nhim v th 1: Xc nh cc thng s ....................................... 85

CHNG 4: MU GII PHP THC T CHO DOANH NGHIP ..... 90

Ti trng sn, sn nng v cao thng tng ............................. 92

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

H thng lm mt gii nhit cho Data Center ....................... 94

H thng phng cha chy ....................................................... 100

H thng gim st..................................................................... 103

4.3 Hoch nh trin khai .................................................................... 103

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

Hnh 2.4.7 Bng m t cc phng php trng thp...................................... 72

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

CHNG 1 : DATA CENTER V TIU CHUN TIA-942

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

Hnh 1.1.1 Mi quan h ca cc khng gian trong Data Center

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

Ngoi cc yu cu v khng gian, khng gian, hot ng cho my tnh v thit

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

cho cc thit b u cui c t trong Equipment Distribution Area. Mt Data

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

Equipment Distribution Area: l khng gian c ch nh cho cc thit b u

Hnh 1.2.1 Topology Data Center c bn

i hc Hoa Sen Lun Vn Tt Nghip

Hnh 1.2.2 Topology Data Center thu gn