select * from employees select Initcap(first_name),upper(first_name),lower(first_name) from employees select concat(first_name,last_name) from employees select substr(first_name,1,2) from employees

select length(last_name) from employees select lpad(first_name,10,'v') from employees select rpad (last_name,10,0) from employees select trim('a' from last_name) from employees select round(salary,2) from employees select trunc(salary,-2) from employees

select mod(salary,100) from employees

select sysdate from dual select last_name,hire_date from employees select hire_date-sysdate from employees select hire_date-30 from employees

select months_between(sysdate,hire_date) from employees select add_months(hire_date,10) from employees select next_day(sysdate,'Friday') from employees select last_day(sysdate) from employees

select round(sysdate),trunc(sysdate) from dual select round(sysdate,'Month'),trunc(sysdate,'Year') from dual select to_char(hire_date,' fmdd month yyyy MM:ss:HH AM') from employees

select to_char(salary,'999,99999$') from employees

select nvl(COMMISSION_PCT,0) from employees

select COMMISSION_PCT from employees where COMMISSION_PCT is not null select nvl(hire_date,'01-Jan-2011') from employees select hire_date from employees where hire_date is null select job_id from employees where job_id is null

select min(Distinct salary),max(Distinct salary),avg(Distinct salary),sum(Distinct salary),count(Distinct salary) from employees

select avg(COMMISSION_PCT) from employees select avg(nvl(COMMISSION_PCT,0)) from employees select nvl(COMMISSION_PCT,0) from employees where COMMISSION_PCT <> 0

select department_id,avg(salary) from employees group by department_id having department_id is not null order by 2--avg(salary) Select Job_id, round (Max(salary),0) "Maximum",Min(salary) "Average",Sum(salary) "Sum" from employees group by job_id select count(job_id),job_id from employees group by job_id order by job_id select count( distinct MANAGER_ID) "Number of Manager"from employees select min(salary),max(salary),(max(salary))-(min(salary)) "diff" from employees select MANAGER_ID,min(salary) from employees where MANAGER_ID is not null group by manager_id having min(salary) > 6000 order by min(salary) desc select job_id,department_id,salary,sum(salary) from employees where department_id in (20,50,80,90) group by job_id,department_id,salary

"Minimum",Avg(salary)

select l.city,d.department_name

from locations l join departments d using(location_id) select Distinct department_id from departments natural join locations where department_id in (10,20,30) select employees.employee_id,employees.first_name,departments.department_name, department_id from employees join departments using (department_id) select employees.employee_id,employees.first_name,departments.department_name from employees join departments on employees.department_id = departments.department_id select e.employee_id,e.first_name,d.department_name from employees e join departments d using (department_id) Select e.last_name,m.last_name from employees e join employees m on (E.MANAGER_ID = m.employee_id) and e.manager_id = 149 Select e.last_name,m.last_name from employees e join employees m on (E.MANAGER_ID = m.employee_id) where e.manager_id = 149 select employee_id,city,d.department_name from employees e Join departments d on E.DEPARTMENT_ID = D.DEPARTMENT_ID join locations l on l.location_id = D.LOCATION_ID select e.last_name,e.salary,j.JOB_ID from employees e join JOBs j on e.salary between J.MAX_SALARY and J.MIN_SALARY left outer, right outer, full join, cross join select * from employees cross join departments --on EMPLOYEES.DEPARTMENT_ID = DEPARTMENTS.DEPARTMENT_ID