CNS
Nervous system
1. Brief structural organization of the nervous system.
2. Describe the major levels of the nervous system.
3. What factors determine the speed of conduction of nerve
impulses?
4. Classify nerve ber.
5. Name the property of nerve ber.
6. Brie y discuss the di erent methods of conduction of nerve
impulses through nerve bers.
7. Describe the Wallerian degeneration of retrograde
degeneration.
8. De ne neurotransmitter. Give a list of neurotransmitters.
9. De ne synapse, and name the component of the synapse.
10. Describe the properties of the synapse. Property of re ex
action.
11. Outline the pathway of synaptic transmission.
12. Discuss EPSP and IPSP.
13. De ne receptors, and classify sensory receptors with
examples.
14. Give the di erence between receptor potential and action
potential.
15. What is a re ex?
16. De ne re ex arc.
17. What is a re ex action?
18. Draw and label a re ex arc.
19. Describe the pathway of knee jerk.
20. What is the track? Name the descending motor tract.
21. Write down the function of the extrapyramidal tract.
22. Trace the pathway of the direct pyramidal tract.
23. Describe the features of spinal hemisection below the levels of
the lesion.
24. Describe brown-squared syndrome.
25. De ne upper and lower motor neurons.
26. Di erence between UMN and LMN lesion.
27. Draw and label a muscle spindle and give it a mechanism.
28. Name the ascending tracts. The function of the tract of gall
and burdach.
29. How does the cerebellum control voluntary movement?
30. What is muscle tone? How muscle tone is maintained?
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31. Enumerate the function of the cerebellum.
32. How body equilibrium is maintained?
33. What are the signs of the cerebellar lesion?
34. How does the cerebellum perform the error control
mechanism?
35. Discuss the sleep cycle. What is emotion?
36. Name the nuclei of the hypothalamus.
37. Name the general sense. Trace the pathway of pain from the
periphery to the center.
38. Name of the functional part of the cerebellum.
39. Draw and label the neural circuit of the cerebellum.
40. Transmission of impulse from the nerve to skeletal muscle.
41. Di erence between slow pain and fast pain.
42. How is ne touch sensation transmitted from skin to center?
43. List the types of sensation passes through the dorsal column-
meniscal system of the spinal cord.
44. How do receptors acts?
45. Name the nervous layer of the retina.
46. Draw and label synapse.
47. Give an account of the 2nd messenger activator system in
PSN.
48. Name the sensation that passes through the anterolateral
system of spinal and air conductive deafness.
49. De ne and classify neurons.
50. What are the motion components of the nervous system?
51. What do you mean by somatic sensation?
52. state the defects produced by a lesion of optic chiasma and
optic tract.
53. What is the component of the re ex arc?
54. Write down the re ex arc of knee jerk with its clinical
importance.
55. List the function of the hypothalamus. How is body
temperature maintained in a cold climate?
56. Name the sensation pass through the dorsal column, medial
lemniscal and anterolateral system of the spinal cord. Trace
the pathway of transmission of impulse produced due to
pinprick at the upper limb.
57. Mention the functional classi cation of the cerebellum.
58. Short note on:
• Neurotransmitter
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• Light re ex
• Alarm reaction
• Strength duration curve.
• Stress re ex sympathetic nervous system
• Dark adaptation
• Re ex phenomenon
• Corticospinal tract.
• Sensory receptors.
Special senses
1. Name the di erent special senses with their organ receptor.
2. What are the refractory errors of the ball? How do they occur
and can be corrected?
3. De ne and classify light re ex.
4. What is accommodation reaction? What are the advantages?
5. What are the changes that take place in the eye during
accommodation?
6. Discuss the mechanism of accommodation re ex.
7. Trace the visual pathway and label it.
8. Name the e ects of lesions at di erent levels of the visual
pathways.
9. What is Argll-Robertson's pupil?
10. What do you mean by binocular vision?
11. Name the photoreceptors, what is a blind spot?
12. What do you mean by light and dark adaptation?
13. Describe the physiological changes during the dark
adaptation.
14. Trace the pathway of gearing.
15. Discuss the modalities of taste sensation.
16. State the locations of taste buds.
17. Discuss the pathway of taste sensation.
18. Draw and label a typical neuron.
19. What is deafness?
20. One cannot see distant objects/near objects, clearly mention
the error and how to correct it?
21. The primary sensation of taste.
22. Reciprocal innervation. Near point and far point.
23. List the type of deafness with their types.
24. What is presbyopia?
25. Mention the types of deiform with their cause.
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26. Short notes on:
• Rhodopsin retinal visual cycle
• Deafness
• Synapse
• Bell-Magendia law
• Released phenomenon.
• Motor unit
• Re ex arc
• Taste bud
• Layers of retina
1. Write some brief notes on the following topics with its functions:
a) Central Nervous System (CNS)
b) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
c) Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
d) Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
2. 3. Write down the neural arrangements of Autonomic Nervous System.
What do you mean by Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous
System and differentiate between them.
4. Write a brief note on dual supply of Sympathetic Nervous System and
Parasympathetic Nervous System.
5. Write a short note on Neurotransmitters of Autonomic Nervous System.
6. De ne Synapse with its anatomical structure.
7. Write down the types of synapse and describe each type of synapses.
8. What do you mean by Synaptic Transmission and describe its mechanism?
9. Write a brief note on neuron and its structural parts.
10. Write down the fundamental functions of nervous system.
11. Write a brief note on the histology of nervous system.
12. What do you mean by Synaptic delay?
13. Write down the classi cations of Neurotransmitters.
14. What is meninges?
15. What is Cerebro Spinal Fluid and write down the functions of CSF.
16. What do you mean by Grey matter and White matter?
17. Write down the classi cation of Neuron.
18. What are brain ventricles?
19. What do you mean by ‘gyri’ and ‘sulci’?
20. Write down the names of cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
21. What do you mean by Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and write down the its
structure. Write down the mechanical action of Neurotransmitter.
22. Write a brief note with brain and its functions.
23. Write down the anatomy and different parts of brain with its functions.
24. Write some brief notes on the following topics with its fuctions:
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Hypothalamus
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d) Reticular formation
e) Spinal cordf) Thalamus
25. De ne the following topics:
a) Axon
b) Dendrite
c) Myelin sheath
d) Nodes of Ranvier
e) Schwann’s Cell
f) Axon terminal
g) Axon knob or axon button
26. Write down a brief note on the Limbic System.
27. How is nerve impulse transmitted across synapse?
28. Write a brief note on motor neurons and sensory neurons.
29. What do you mean by White ramus communicans and Grey ramus communicans?
30. De ne the following topics:
a) Presynaptic neuron
b) Postsynaptic neuron
c) Synaptic cleft
d) Synaptic knob
e) Neuro brils
f) Microtubules
g) Lipofuscin
h) Ganglion
i) Axolemma
j) Axoplasm
k) Axon hillock
l) Trigger zone
m) Axon telodendria
31. What do you mean by Nissl bodies with its functions.
32. What do you mean by Neuroglia or Glial Cells.
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