BIOLOGY-NUMS-2025 (MCQs OUTLINE)

DIVERSITY AMONG ANIMALS-THE KINGDOM ANIMALIA

PHYLUM MOLLUSCA
 Helix aspersa- Garden snail  Limax- Slug  Mytilus- Marine mussel
 Sepia- Cuttlefish  Octopus  Water snail
 Anodonta- Fresh water mussel  Loligo- Squid  Ostrea- Oyster
General Characters:

 They are soft-bodied animals

 The phylum Mollusca consists of diverse group of organisms which include slow-moving snails and slug, bivalved
clams, and highly active cephalopods.
 The phylum includes over 50,000 living species and is the second largest phylum of invertebrates.
 Giant squid is the largest invertebrate animal.
 Molluscs, also show a great diversity of form but all are built on the same basic plan.
 Molluscs are triploblastic coelomates which exhibit bilateral symmetry.
 Most animals possess shell.
 The body is covered by a glandular epithelial envelope called mantle which secretes calcareous shell.
 The shell is protective; however, it is handicap to locomotion, therefore some of the more active molluscs show a
reduction or loss of shell.
 Molluscs are widely distributed.
 Some groups are exclusively aquatic (e.g., cephalopoda), freshwater or marine.
 The others include terrestrial animals (land snail) living mostly in moist places.
 The body is unsegmented and soft.
 The body can be divided into head, a ventral muscular foot and a dorsal visceral mass containing most of the internal
organs.
 Over the visceral mass mantle is present which secretes a shell.
 The space between the shell and mantle cavity contains gills in some animals.
 In the mouth cavity of many molluscs there is a rasping tongue-like radula provided with many horny teeth.
 The body is highly organized with complex
o Digestive system
o Respiratory system
o Circulatory system
o Excretory system
o Nervous system
o Reproductive systems
 Digestive system consists of gut with two openings, the mouth and the anus.
 The excretory organs are paired nephridia.
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By: Faisal Zada Khan (Lecturer-PGC, Lahore)
 BIOLOGY-NUMS-2025 (MCQs OUTLINE)
DIVERSITY AMONG ANIMALS-THE KINGDOM ANIMALIA
 Except for Cephalopoda, the circulatory system is open.
 The coelom is divided into sinuses or blood spaces.
 Heart pumps the blood into the sinuses.
 A respiratory pigment of blue in color, called haemocyanin is present.
 The gaseous exchange is by gills mostly.
 In some cases, such as snail, the mantle cavity is converted into a lung.
 The nervous system consists of three pairs of interconnected ganglia present in the
o Head
o Foot
o Body regions
 The organ of locomotion is a muscular foot, however in many species the movement is slow.
 The others are sessile i.e., unable to move.
 The sexes are separate.
 Trochophore larva develops during embryological development.
 The molluscs are classified into six classes.

Brain of Octopus

 The brain of octopus is exceptionally large and complex for an invertebrate brain.
 It is enclosed in a shell-like case of cartilage, and endows the octopus with highly developed capabilities to learn and
remember.
 In laboratory, octopus can rapidly learn to associate certain symbols and can open a screw cap jar to obtain food

Economic Importance

 Some molluscs are indirectly harmful to man but most of them are beneficial.

Harmful affects

 The harmful molluscs are slugs and shipworms.

Slugs
 They are injurious to gardens and cultivations.
 They not only eat leaves but also destroy plants by cutting their roots and stems.
Teredo
 A shipworm damages wooden parts of ships.

Beneficial aspects

 Many molluscs are great source of food for man in many parts of world.

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 BIOLOGY-NUMS-2025 (MCQs OUTLINE)
DIVERSITY AMONG ANIMALS-THE KINGDOM ANIMALIA
 Large quantities of clams, oysters and mussels are eaten in
o Far-east
o Europe
o America
 Oysters are regarded as delicacy.
 Shells of freshwater mussels are used in button industry.
 Also shells of oysters are mixed with tar for making roads in America.
 Shells in certain parts of the world are also used for making ornaments.
 Some oysters also make valuable pearls e.g., the pearl oyster.

CLASS GASTROPODA
Helix aspersa- Garden snail Limax- Slug

 These are asymmetrical and their body is covered with usually coiled one piece shell.
 The animal can withdraw itself into the shell.
 Both aquatic and terrestrial species are included in this class.
 The aquatic species have gills while in land forms the mantle cavity is converted into lungs.

CLASS BIVALVIA (PELECYPODA)

Mytilus (marine mussel) Anodonta (freshwater mussel) Ostrea (oyster)

 This class includes bilaterally symmetrical aquatic molluscs.

 The body is laterally compressed and is enclosed by two pieces of shells hence the name bivalves.
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DIVERSITY AMONG ANIMALS-THE KINGDOM ANIMALIA
 They respire by plate-like gills.

CLASS CEPHALOPODA
Loligo (squid) Sepia (cuttle fish) Octopus

 The members of this class are bilaterally symmetrical with dorso-ventrally flattened body.
 All species are aquatic.
 The shell is much reduced and internal, in most cases it is absent.
 The animals are highly developed and active.

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By: Faisal Zada Khan (Lecturer-PGC, Lahore)
 BIOLOGY-NUMS-2025 (MCQs OUTLINE)
DIVERSITY AMONG ANIMALS-THE KINGDOM ANIMALIA
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (For Practice)

1. Phylum Mollusca includes over ___ living species: d) Madreporite

a) 50,000 9. The excretory organs in mollusca are:
b) 40,000 a) Single nephridium
c) 30,000 b) Paired nephridia
d) 60,000 c) Malpighian tubules
2. The 2nd largest phylum of invertebrates is: d) Metanephridia
a) Arthropoda 10. EXCEPT for _____, the circulatory system is open:
b) Echinodermata a) Gastropoda
c) Mollusca b) Bivalvia
d) Hemichordata c) Cephalopoda
3. Mollusca includes: d) Mollusca
a) Animals with joint appendages 11. A respiratory pigment of blue in color, called
b) Soft-bodied animals haemocyanin is present in:
c) Spiny skinned animals a) Echinodermata
d) Sessile animals b) Mollusca
4. It is the largest invertebrate animal: c) Hemichordata
a) Whale d) Arthropoda
b) Octopus 12. The type of larvae formed in mollusca:
c) Giant squid a) Trochophore
d) Giant snail b) Tadpole
5. ____ mollusca possess shell: c) Brachiolaria
a) Most d) Bipinnaria
b) Some 13. The molluscs are classified into:
c) Few a) Three classes
d) Smaller b) Four classes
6. In Mollusca, the body is covered by a glandular c) Five classes
epithelial envelope called mantle which secretes: d) Six classes
a) Siliceous shell 14. It is true about class Gastropoda:
b) Calcareous shell a) They show asymmetry
c) Proteinous shell b) They are aquatic animals
d) Mucous c) They respire by plate-like gills
7. Which is not true about shell in mollusca? d) The shell is much reduced and internal
a) It is protective 15. Limax is:
b) It is handicap to locomotion a) A garden snail
c) Also known as tests b) A slug
d) Always found outside the body c) Marine mussel
8. In the mouth cavity of many molluscs there is a d) Oyster
rasping tongue-like ____ provided with many 16. It is not a class of Mollusca:
horny teeth: a) Pelecypoda
a) Mental b) Gastropoda
b) Sieve tube elements c) Cephalopoda
c) Radula d) Oligochaete
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DIVERSITY AMONG ANIMALS-THE KINGDOM ANIMALIA
17. Their body is covered with usually coiled one 20. It is a shipworm and damages the wooden parts
piece shell: of ships:
a) Class Gastropoda a) Slugs
b) Class Bivalvia b) Teredo
c) Class Pelecypoda c) Sepia
d) Class Cephalopoda d) Limax
18. It is a freshwater mussel: 21. They are regarded as delicacy:
a) Mytilus a) Teredo
b) Ostrea b) Sepia
c) Anodonta c) Loligo
d) Loligo d) Oysters
19. The brain of ____ is exceptionally large and 22. Shells of ____ are used in button industry:
complex for an invertebrate brain: a) Marine mussels
a) Giant squid b) Freshwater mussels
b) Mussel c) Octopus
c) Octopus d) Cuttle fish
d) Giant snail

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By: Faisal Zada Khan (Lecturer-PGC, Lahore)
 BIOLOGY-NUMS-2025 (MCQs OUTLINE)
DIVERSITY AMONG ANIMALS-THE KINGDOM ANIMALIA
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (Answers)

1. Phylum Mollusca includes over ___ living species: c) Radula

a) 50,000 d) Madreporite
b) 40,000 9. The excretory organs in mollusca are:
c) 30,000 a) Single nephridium
d) 60,000 b) Paired nephridia
2. The 2nd largest phylum of invertebrates is: c) Malpighian tubules
a) Arthropoda d) Metanephridia
b) Echinodermata 10. EXCEPT for _____, the circulatory system is open:
c) Mollusca a) Gastropoda
d) Hemichordata b) Bivalvia
3. Mollusca includes: c) Cephalopoda
a) Animals with joint appendages d) Mollusca
b) Soft-bodied animals 11. A respiratory pigment of blue in color, called
c) Spiny skinned animals haemocyanin is present in:
d) Sessile animals a) Echinodermata
4. It is the largest invertebrate animal: b) Mollusca
a) Whale c) Hemichordata
b) Octopus d) Arthropoda
c) Giant squid 12. The type of larvae formed in mollusca:
d) Giant snail a) Trochophore
5. ____ mollusca possess shell: b) Tadpole
a) Most c) Brachiolaria
b) Some d) Bipinnaria
c) Few 13. The molluscs are classified into:
d) Smaller a) Three classes
6. In Mollusca, the body is covered by a glandular b) Four classes
epithelial envelope called mantle which secretes: c) Five classes
a) Siliceous shell d) Six classes
b) Calcareous shell 14. It is true about class Gastropoda:
c) Proteinous shell a) They show asymmetry
d) Mucous b) They are aquatic animals
7. Which is not true about shell in mollusca? c) They respire by plate-like gills
a) It is protective d) The shell is much reduced and internal
b) It is handicap to locomotion 15. Limax is:
c) Also known as tests a) A garden snail
d) Always found outside the body b) A slug
8. In the mouth cavity of many molluscs there is a c) Marine mussel
rasping tongue-like ____ provided with many d) Oyster
horny teeth: 16. It is not a class of Mollusca:
a) Mental a) Pelecypoda
b) Sieve tube elements b) Gastropoda

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By: Faisal Zada Khan (Lecturer-PGC, Lahore)
 BIOLOGY-NUMS-2025 (MCQs OUTLINE)
DIVERSITY AMONG ANIMALS-THE KINGDOM ANIMALIA
c) Cephalopoda
d) Oligochaete
17. Their body is covered with usually coiled one
piece shell:
a) Class Gastropoda
b) Class Bivalvia
c) Class Pelecypoda
d) Class Cephalopoda
18. It is a freshwater mussel:
a) Mytilus
b) Ostrea
c) Anodonta
d) Loligo
19. The brain of ____ is exceptionally large and
complex for an invertebrate brain:
a) Giant squid
b) Mussel
c) Octopus
d) Giant snail
20. It is a shipworm and damages the wooden parts
of ships:
a) Slugs
b) Teredo
c) Sepia
d) Limax
21. They are regarded as delicacy:
a) Teredo
b) Sepia
c) Loligo
d) Oysters
22. Shells of ____ are used in button industry:
a) Marine mussels
b) Freshwater mussels
c) Octopus
d) Cuttle fish

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By: Faisal Zada Khan (Lecturer-PGC, Lahore)