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TRAINING MODULE: STATISTICS

CLASS No 1: GENERAL CONCEPTS - ROUNDING - TECHNICAL SHEET - DATA
QUALITATIVE
PRODUCT EVIDENCE: DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROUNDING USED IN
STATISTICS AND/OR MATHEMATICS

Consult the different types of rounding used in Statistics and/or Mathematics and give
practical examples of each of them.

The query must include:

1. Cover
2. Introduction
3. Content (Consultation)
4. Conclusiones (Mínimo 4)
5. Bibliography

Once the work is completed, he/she uploads it to the Q10 platform in PDF format.
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INTRODUCTION
Rounding is the process by which digits are removed from a numerical amount based on its
decimal representation, to obtain an approximate value, this process is carried out with the purpose of
make it easier to perform mathematical calculations. It consists of reducing a number of significant decimals,
rounding to the nearest numerical value, it can be either upwards or downwards, depending on the
decimals that are desired to be eliminated. The main advantage is to facilitate the execution of the different
mathematical and accounting operations, having a minimum number of decimals, trying to reflect
the faithful image of the results.
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Rounding

Rounding is the process of discardingfiguresin the decimal expression (or more

generally, positional) of a number. It is used in order to facilitate calculations or
avoid giving the impression that one knows a value with greater accuracy than one actually does
it really has. Approximations are generally symbolized with ≈(U+2248),
including rounding. For example: √2 ≈ 1.414. In the figure on the right, there
represents the rounding function to the nearest integer.

When rounding intermediate values in a calculation, they are typically accumulated.

rounding errors that can significantly alter the result thus
obtained from the exact calculation result.

Standard rounding method

To round off, regardless of the method, the amount must be predetermined in advance.
digits that must be preserved.
The method recommended by NIST and ISO can be described with 2 rules:1

The nearest number is chosen that has the same number of significant digits.
chosen.
If there are two equally close numbers, the one with the last digit is chosen.
significant an even number (multiple of 2).
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Examples of rounding according to the NIST method

Number Digits
Result
o a Notes
o
original preserve
13.95 2 14 14 is closer than 13.
13.95 is equally close to 14.0 and 13.9, so the one is chosen.
13.95 3 14.0
which has the last significant digit even -the 0-.
22,805 2 23,000 22,805 is closer to 23,000 than to 22,000
22,805 3 22,800 22,805 is closer to 22,800 than to 22,900
22,805 is equally close to 22,800 and 22,810 so it
22 805 4 22,800
choose the one that has the last significant even digit.
Types of rounding that can be applied
It is possible to apply two different types of rounding, one down or by default, and the other up or.
due to excess.

. Default or downward rounding: we do this when we reduce the value of a digit.

to a smaller number when its last significant digit is between 0 and 4. By
for example, 6.132 could be rounded to 6.13 or 6.1.
. Rounding up or rounding up: occurs when we increase the initial value of a
number to simplify it. In this case, if the last digit is between 5 and 9, it is
rounds up to the next closest number. That is, the number
6.156 could be 6.16 or 6.20 depending on the rounding up we do.

4 rules of rounding application

Although rounding is very easy to do, there are some basic rules that we must follow.
to apply it correctly.

. Rule 1: If the last digit of the number we want to round is less than 5, we will leave it without
modify the last digit. For example: 5,554 would be 5,55.
. Rule 2: when the last digit is a 5 or higher, the value will be rounded up to the next highest number.
next. For example: 5.556 would be converted to 5.56.
. Rule 3: if the last numerical value is even, and after it we find a 5 as the next digit or a
any number of 0, then the number is truncated. For example: 5.56500 and 5.565
I would round to 5.56.
. Rule 4: if the last number is odd and the next digit is 5 or any number from 0, it is rounded up.
an upward rounding to one unit. For example: 2.21500 or 2.215 is transformed after the
rounding to 2.22.
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As we can see, we apply rounding on many occasions even without realizing it.
Hello. And although it is easy to do and very practical for speeding up daily tasks, it should be remembered that it has
some rules we must follow to use it correctly. And always being aware that it can
to involve dragging a small calculation error that we will carry over into other operations.

We can also find others such as: Rounding is the process by which decimals are eliminated.
not very significant to a decimal number. The rounding rules apply to the decimal located in the
next position to the number of decimals that you want to transform; that is, if we have a number of 3
decimals and we want to round to 2, the rounding rules will apply:

Digit less than 5: If the following decimal is less than 5, the previous one is not modified.

Example: 12,612. Rounding to 2 decimal places we must consider the third decimal: 12.612=
12.61

Round up: If the next decimal is greater than or equal to 5, the previous one is increased by one.
unit.

Example: 12.618. Rounding to 2 decimal places, we must consider the third decimal: 12.618=
12.62
Example: 12,615. Rounding to 2 decimal places we must take into account the third decimal: 12,615=
12.62
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Conclusions
Rounding is a program intended to assist education and other types of institutions in the country.
with the donations from citizens made in stores etc. since most people don't even
At least they know to whom or where their money goes when rounding; in this work, I will try to give an idea of what.
It is actually the rounding. The rounding program started its operation in 2003 and 8
years of existence, it is seen as a way to raise the educational levels of the country, having made it possible
the installation of media classrooms in more than 3,000 schools across all States of the Republic, in
benefit to a population of more than 1,700,000 students per school year.

Rounding can be done in two ways: downwards, when rounding results in a number
lower. For example: 5.2 can be rounded down to 5. Another way to do it is upwards, in this case it
it gets a greater number. Example: 5.9 can be rounded to 6. However, rounding does not apply
only to work withintegersthey also serve to eliminate decimals. Example: 7.1463
it can be rounded to 7,146. Within the rounding method, there are certain well-defined rules.
What should be respected when rounding: If the number is less than 5, the previous digit does not change.
modify. For example: 45.423 if you want to round to two decimal places, you must consider the third decimal:
45,423 resulting in the amount being 45.42. If the number is greater than or equal to 5, the previous digit is increased by
one unit. E.g.: 29.618 in the same way as the previous rule, if rounding to two decimal places is desired
The third decimal must be taken into account: 29.618, resulting in the amount being 29.62.

It is worth noting that the rounding technique is frequently used in the commercial context, as
one part facilitates transactions and on the other substitutes for the lack of coins, achieving a smoother payment
exactly. For example, if in a store a person has to pay $59.86, the seller to make it easier
Payment can round the amount to $60.00 and this way it is more convenient to give change.
In this regard, it is worth noting that there are countries where rounding must be applied to
in favor of the buyer, in this case if the account to be paid was 59.86 and the seller wants to round because
It doesn't have change to give, it must do it for 59.85 or 59.80.
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Bibliography
http://downloads.pntic.mec.es/cedec/mat3/contents/u2/M3_U2_contents/11_rounding.html
Rounding
This link leads to a definition of rounding.
The link provided leads to a definition of rounding.

CONTROL OF DOCUMENTED INFORMATION

NAME CODE DATE VERSION DESCRIPTION
Study Material GD-GU-03 20/03/2020 1 Creation of the format

PREPARED BY REVIEWED BY APPROVED BY

Adolfo León Peláez Suárez Elizabeth Cardona Ceballos José María Dávila Vides