A robot 11 a machine that 11 controlled b1J a computer

programme and bullt to help people. PresentllJ, robots perform

sur,etles. work In factol'lel, -JO deep underwater and outer space,
entertain us. and do m&IIIJ more tasks. Not an robots have the shape
of a person. but the robot shown here 11 an aclvancecl robot built to help
around the house and also to help elderkJ or sick people. If Its he14Jht is
I m 50 cm, how ffl8IIIJ cm 11 that? .

I l!db.GI 111.d
1. Find ~he sum. Check your answer by adding up.
I I

a. 1 , 1- :O 4 .. ' ..~ .. : .~.. '.. _1.,_ . .1. n

6

+ 7
1 _· .. 7 .. : -~..
4 .: .. ~ . t .,.., .· "/ ·: .g"' t
b.
+ .. ~ ... ,....9..... :. . , .: 5
:

t 4 0 f 1
~

q 1- = o + 7, : 4 t: 2 :
••·•• ... : . . . . . . : ., • ••••• , I
~, : 1 l; : + .. 3. 9
..
1 5
l~

~
: \

I •
: ' )
(
l

2. Subtract. Check your answer with addition.

~9--n '
____
'
_,__,.__

.'.
a} ', IC} l~ I , ► ~,k 1...•~.- t,.;
a. [ /IT
~------,
b. 6 ; 3 5 8 I
,► I.,{ ,_ ! ~
-

- I3 6 sJ /+ 3 , ~ : - ;2;, . i, .:z.....:. _4 , 3. . .• I + 2 1 4 ~
. ~- 3 l_J·'' -, . )_J - - "

3. Solve.
a. A robot that has been sent to Mars sends back
459 photos on one day and 765 photos on the
next day. How many photos does it send in all? , ~l \

b. The same robot has been fitted with 500

batteries to keep it working on a long space
mission. If 324 batteries have died out,
how many batteries are still working i
the robot? 'J OO - J t--vi : ' i r

Competencl•• In this chapter

NCf 2023 C-1.3: Applicable to the entire chapter
C-1.4, C-4.2, C-4.3: Labelled on specific pages
ADDITI ON
Addition with Regroup ing - - - - --
Example 1:Two robots assemble car partsinafa ctory.
One robot fixes 7125 parts, and the other robot fixes
3799 more parts than the first. How many parts does
the second robot fix 7 Parts In all the second robot fixes

n... 1_:19_2_; 1_ __ l--• f

7r-1_2_s_+_ 3_ 7i25 ? r·3799·- ]
Parts the first robot fixes More parts fixed by
the second robot
-Th l H :
: T : 0 TTh / Th / H
.. .. .. .. :...
: 1
····· : .. ·····-
:
. !.~...l(. . ~1····=···: ·!1· ..·: ~
=... .. .........+•··1····-1····1·.. · r· . . . ... .,_ .... -- ' . ............ .
( 1 .. ···,····i
7 ) 1 l 2 i 5 ! 7 I 1 2;
... 7-... ~.J ..... ;. ~.... ·..s... ...?.....:....J.....i... ~.... !...?.... ··········=······•···:· ·········:·········
+ ········ri · ·1 ···7···· ··9···r--
+ 3 7 9 '. 9 + 7 19 1
9 + 3 i 7 / 9 j 9 . .

!4 )2 !4 9 2 : 4 1 I O 9 I 2

Answer:Th e second robot fixes 10,924 parts.

Example 2: 23512 + 28975 = ? Try This!

Start with the ones
: ; :
place and move
TTh ! Th / H \Tj O
..........· .........-·. ...........· ........... ·...........
Solve.
towards the left .
1 ! 1 i a. 8084 + 2946 :.. ( (
···~··••i-••·~·)... ~....!,..J .... .j...~....
. .
b. 26341 + 13959
+ 2 18 19 17 15
5 : 2 / 4 / 8 7
Project
Take any 3-digit number. i 5 ! 61
Check your answer by adding up. Reverse it and add. + ·······-/--,
:
·-/"6···!·
.

+ 2 js
.'s !2 !4
; :
18 j
. ~.\.3..) ... ~.... ....1.... ...2....
19 7
7;
s
. Reverse and add again.

You have made a palindrome! A pallnd

+
1 i 3 i3
·•:i""/"'i.f i'"
3 i6l

-~- --
Is a word or a number that reads the sa
5 12 14 8 7
· both forward and backward. Try It wtth a
other numbers, like 409, 253, and 824-
Answer: 52,487

~
 ~
~JI~ a1• ·,., ----____ -~~-~~---•"" -~ ---__ ,-~
u-- -- - - - - - - - - - - - .. _ --- _(_:, ---- - - u~.,
~· '
...
1, Add down. Check by add.Ing up.
: Cf 1h I
3• 1 i 0 · :: 7 '!',: 6
:
I
I
.. ....... , .... . .... , ... .... .. , •. . ••.•.. I
b. 6 '12 'I 4' I 8 : .
+ ! 3 j 8 j 6 t +
" ' ' ' ' ' "!'' ' '• I , ,,:, • • " .. ••:""'" ' '

1 :9 \ !. 6 .-
f

l l l,{6 1 L . .

:' j o: Lt
c. 35816 + 12307 d. 8176+7995 f. 27756 + 68878
e. 5946 + 9312
g. 6248 + 3986 h. 2754 + 3097 j. 39590 + 20612
i. 15912 + 56034
2, Add. Check.
a. :\ 2ii 8 ~a' : 4\ 6
I7
I 8..··:·········
I :
• • •• .. • •• • n •o • • • •••••• • • • • • •
b. 3
9. . s. .l"'i .
... , ....1... 1... '· . ~J-~.l ?..l. ~!I. ~ . d . .. .. H. t.1. ~. .
~ i. ~. l. ~
+
...1. ·:·····
1 [5 [9 / + "i"!. . . . .l".1···(6". ~ ~ ~ . 1. ~. .1. ~.
.. ... 1.. .. 1.. . + ..i
!5 )3 \9 \6
.i. . .-. i.......1·······:.......
+ 3 :.. 0 :. 0 ..\ 0 [.. 9
1

3. Solve.
a. Charles Babbage designed the
'I
first mechanical computer in 1822. _Project
Email was invented 149 years later Add consecutive odd numbers.
by Ray Tomlinson. In whi;c~ ~ ar 1 + 3 =4 =2 x 2 (2 numbers added)
was email invented? 1~2-'.2.
. p · • t d
1i.,~ f ~.I
r~
_ _ f
f + 3 + 5 - 9 - 3 x 3 (3 numbers added)
b. In 1642, Bl a1se asca 1mven e · ·
the adding machine. 336 years 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 =16 =4 x 4 (4 numbers added) -
later, the solar pocket calcul r Continue up to 1oconsecutive odd numbers
was invented. When was e solar using the pattern.
pocket calculator inv ted?
164'1 ~ ~ 6 ~f I q1i

Challenge! . . CE!) .....

Using all the digits 1, 2, 4; 6, 8, a~d 9, create 3-dlglt addition question with ~ the greatest \9'
sum possible. ·
 SUBTRACTION
Subtraction with Regrouping
I
A drone is a flying robot that can be controlled remotely. .'
It has many uses, including disaster relief, conservation
l
l and tracking of animals, agriculture, and health care,
. -.
'
J
I
among others.~ (

Example 1: A drone that uses artificial intelligence had

to survey flood-affected areas and deliver 3421
packets of food. So far, it has delivered ·1732 Food packets to be delivered
packets. How many more packets need to 3421
be delivered? 1732 ?
II. . 3421 - ]732 =? Already delivered

l o Th H T j O · Th ! H '/ T
~ o ····· · -· · ,i"... rrr·····--
•·i
' .
r Th ! H ; T. 1 ········ ·············
-- • • • • •••• ;.•• •-•

i f '.
•• ; • • • --

11
I

3- !
: 11 :
%1j- 11 ►
2 ,l5 % ) 11
fi i
2 . ,;5'• !· ~ i

i-·i 3.•·•·,···········-··
: 4 ! 2'·······: %
...... -3 K 2'······!·········
% 3' K 2' ! % .a' ..
....
K/z i
····· .. ··:··· ••·•··=·
- 1 1 =7 , 3 : 2
I - • : - 1 3 ! 2 1 7 3 ; 2 , 7
: :
! 3 ;!

i9j :8 /9 6 =s : 9 6 /8
Answer: 1,689 more packets need to be delivered.
Example 2: 21840- 18395 =?
I.. [ I
TTh j Th / H
:
::
:
:
j
;
T
:: • 3 ::
j
;
0 Check your answer by adding.

,- ► 3 4 / 41
: ~

1 i 11 i
.. 7...../..~---!--~ - 1---~ --!- -~-
7 f % i 10
2 ! 1 / 8 '4 0 .......
···,--··;--·a----i ...i .....9. .... s... Y
,,
a..
+ ..., ....... ··· i ··1·9 i
1 ./ 8 ./ 3 ! 9 ./ 5 / 3 /4 4 5 ___ ,, '-- .. ► 2 1 8 4
. . . .
:
! 3 :/ 4 !; 4 :! 5 Answer: 3,445
subtracting with Zeros
Robotic cleaners move around
own, cleaning and mopping floaospace on their
rs.
Example 1: A powerful robotic cleaner .
3 000 hours of cleaning A I Is built for '
· ess powerful robotic
cleaner can work for 1327 hours. How ·· First robot hours.~. ,···
r-----
3000
much longer can the first robot work?
111• 3000-1327 =?
1327 ?
Second robot hours
·· I
Step 1:
Step 2: Step 3:
Not enough ones, tens, or hundreds.
Regroup hundreds. Regroup tens. Subtract.
Regroup thousands.
. . . . . .

Th j Hj T ! o Th ! Hi T f O
...........:-••·····•J:..........:.........
Th l. H .jr!. o
... 2 l 10 l l : ·9 ) : ! ~ ! , I .
.>6 I ~ I %: 10
- ~- ..L-~. l...9. J. 9.
2 : I 10 I 2
.a- !g jg ! 0 . .a-_).. g_J_ g_J_ g
.~ . . ,. . i. . i.T'---2..l . 1..
.
1 !3 !2 l 7
1 13 12 17
: : : ..
1 ( 6 ( 7 ! 3

Answer:The first robot can work longer by 1,673 hours.

Example 2: 4010 - 1867 = ?
. . .
11
• Th ! H : T I 0
, 'ti Use a snortcut:
. . . ....(<2i'T°@"'l"':----·
3 \ ~ : /Y \ 10 3000 }-+ 3000-1} - . 2999
. .~.J. ~ _j . .r .j. .~.
: : :
1327 -+ - 1327-1 -.. -1326
- 1 \.. 8 !.. 6 !.. 7 1 6 7 3
, · tJ Use a quicker method. Combine the place values.
2 :. 1 : 4 i. 3
Think of 3000 as 300 tens.
Answer: 2, 143 Then regroup 300 tens as 299 tens and 10 ones.
299 10
..Then subtract as usual 3000--. 300 0 -+- l00"-8'
-1327
1673

'C _iaJo · ·
a. flPIT'-2938 ~ ~6~1.b. 11MlJ-5399 ".,
£,.1o 161l

m
 r
I
I
- --~-,; ....J Ii II;.---------------------------------------------~'-:\
1. Subtr ,ct. Ad_d to check your answer.
0I 13'
~ l. .~. .l. f . / ► ....{L.2J. .; .I . .~.
a. ·····•...j ... ...
10 b. r A I .,,, l 8 l 9
....... ; .. .... . ; ...... -: ••····•j ·•••··. I
,►
•
cs.···i ·
•. ••

1 I 1 6 2 I i+ 1 ! 7 \ 6 ! 2
I !9 I1 ! 6 i2 i+ ·
(; 11- i \ ~ ,,. e, io, i\( 6\1-- j 7 _/ r:-\--i..........____
c. 4865 -1673 d . 5632 - 2486 e. 7839 - 4234
f. 47653 - 23854 g . 68425 - 41395 h. 73971 - 12895
2. Sub~r• ~t. ~atch oit for the zeros. \
a. .~L.. . . J.~. ~ . b. .~ .!~ ~~~ · ·· c. 7 )Y~l· yO
i
····· ····j·········\·····/j······· ··
2 \ 4 \ 3 \ 8 - 8 [4 ] 6 : 3 1 l 2 l 5 i 8
---.c..-=_~ -=--
i i..
__J es-= : 'B 17 I $ i2
d. 5 j ,,E
- · ·,·· r 8 l 6 l 2
I 0 l11 ° e. 9020 - 1896 f. 5002 - 2049
: : :
g. 7000 - 4213 h. 4600- 1778
i. 18000 -1315 0 j. 56800 - 25324
3. Which year are we in now? How long ago were these invent ed?

Photo copie r-193 7 , 9 --:=;- ~ Microw ave oven- 1946 )fl'

Refrig erator -1834 L J Cf O ..,,, Ball point pen-1 888 \ .,; O
Press ureco oker-1 679- ~ ~ Therm omete r-1593 tJ~

Data Conn ect

Open the Data Bank on page 218 and study the data 'Air Distances Betwee n Major
Cities
In India'. Then answe r the questions below.
1. How many kilome tres more will a plane from Bengaluru to Delhi fly than a plane from
Benga luru to Mumba i?
2. How much shorte r is a journe y from Chennal to Bengaluru than a Journey from Chenna
l
to Hydera bad? ·
J. How m any kilometres In all will a plane that Is flying from Deihl to Chennai via Hyd~ra
travel?

I
./
IL.
ADDfflON STRATEGIES
OOST the robot is showing Riya different ways to add 37 +22
mentally. .
A. Use place value and 37 + 22 r·------------------~' .
38 + 36 'I .
breakup anyone /\ :.
number. 20 2 30
I\.
+ 8 + 36
'

''
I

'I
37 + 20 =57 30 + 36 = 66 ''
I
I

57 +2=59 : + 8 = 74
66 :
I I

37 +22=59 : 38 + 36 = 74
I
:I

~-------------------J
8. Use place value and 37 + 22 C. Count in tens.
break up both the numbers. /\ /\ 37+ 22
30 7 20 2
30 + 20 = so 37+ 10 + 10 + 2
7 + 2 - 9 47 +10+2 .
50 + 9 = 59 57 · +2=59
37+22 = 59 37 +22= 59

1. Use place value to solve. Break up any one number.

a. 24 + 12 b. 11 + 58 c. 44+24
d. 63 + 19 e. 58 + 18 f. 25 +48
2. Add by counting in tens.
a. 33+25 b. 37+31 c. 62+ 26
d. 45 + 34 e. 23 + 48 f. 19 + 38

c. 34+36
f. 69+42

Challenge!
Arrange the pieces in the circle
so that the connecting pieces
have the·same number.
 SU BTRA CT IO N STRATEGIES .
·
This is ho w DOST explains different wa Ive 38 - 21.
ys to so r---------------------..
A. Use place value and 38 -21 = 1 72 - 45
break up the second
number.. ·
A 40
I\ 5
.20 1
38 - 20 = 18 72 - 40 = 32·
18 -1 =1 7 32 - s· = 21
38 -21 = 17 72 - 45 = 27
~--- ------------------J .
B. Co un t for wa rd fro m the smalle
r c. Co un t for wa rd fro m the
5
nu mb er to the big ge r nu mb er nu mb er to the big ge r nu
in steps. in tens.
21 to 30 is 9 21 to3 1is 10
30 to 38 is 8 31 to 38 is 7
9+ 8= 17 10 +7 =1 7
38 -2 1 = 17 38 - 21 = 17

r
-
~ ·s
I e.. 2 D.-------- ------ ---------------·- -- ---
.., .
-- --- -- · --- - --- - --,~ -,'
1. Use pla ce val ue to solve.
a. 82 -5 6 b. 73 -4 4 c. · 55 -32 d. 91 -2 5 e. 84 -2 8 f.
2. Su btr ac t by co un tin g for wa rd in steps.
a. 39 -1 6 b. 58 -1 7 c. 75 - 24 d. 38 -1 9 e. 46 -2 7
g. 88 -2 8 h. 54 -2 3 i. 76 -47 j. 61 -5 8 k. 95 -2 7

Project
Take any 4-diglt number:
1846
Mi x up the digits at random:
8416
Subtract the smaller number from the
greater number: 8416 - 1846 = 6570
Add the digits of the difference:
If you ge t a 2-dlglt number, add Its digits:
s
6 + + 7 + o= 18
Try this with some other 4-dlglt numbers. Wh
. 1+ = 9a
at do you get? •.
NUMBER PATTERNS fc-1.4]
1. Look for a pattern in the differences. Then write the next two.
a. 6, 13, 16, 23, 26, 33, 36 , Lt '3
b. 11, 15, 16, 21, 25, 26, 31 J. $ . , 66
c, Make up one of your own using the same idea.
2. Add till you see a pa_ttern. Then complete. ·
a. 1 + 2 + 3 = G b. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = l S:
2+ 3 + 4 = l\ ·2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = q,6
3 + 4 + S ·= 2, 3 +4 + s + 6 + 7 = l S:
4+5+6= I5 4+5+6+7+8= ;O
What do you notice about the What do you notice about the
sum of 3 consecutive numbers? sum of 5 consecutive numbers?
c. , + 2 + 3 + 4 + s + 6 + 7 +a+ 9 + 1o= 55 . - f to l l
Give the sum of these numbers. · · I /
J
,,
1
, r ) l?;J ,._3
From 11 to 20 = 155 From 61 to 70 = ---'6_$_<;_
From 21 to 30 = 255 From 71 to 80 =___:7_S......,,.5.--
From 31 to 40 = From 81 to 90 = _8.i.......=..S.-.5_
From 41 to 50 = __ti t_(
-,,,__,.,_..
-, . .~1 From 91 to 100 = -~-S__ S__
From 51 to 60 .;__7___
=- -.,.!t_S
3. Write a number out of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, or 17 in each
circle ·so that the sum of the numbers in the circles
on each side of the triangle is exactly 30. Each
number can be used only once.

Mental Maths [!D[c-u)

• When you want to subtract 19, • When you want to subtract 29,
first subtract 20. Then add 1, first subtract 30. Then add 1.
·······························•:
.................................
65- 19 ~ !65 -20 =45 !- + 65-19 87 - 29 - . !I 87 - 30 = 57 •j __., 87 - 29
I I I ! .
I•,,,,45 = 46,...I
, ........
........+,,.,,., = 46 57 + 1.=
!:................... 58
. ....,. ....,
! = 58
Do these mentally.
a. 46 - 19 b, 73 - 19 c. 85-19 d. 37-19
e. 68 - 29 f. st-29 g. 93-29 h. 76 - 29
 4 • Look at the pattern to complete
the towers.
:········· ·······
a. b. : The nun,
i top is the s
i the two nu
!.. below-·
... ···."•~····
.. .

S. Explore a shortcut to add consecutive numbers.

1+2+3+4+5+6=?

7
3+

7 Project
1, 1,2,3,5,8, 13, _ _ _ _
3+4=7, 2+5=7, You learnt about this sequence of numbers
and 1 +6 =7 page 12.
Thus, there are 3 pairs of numbers You can now_use it for an addition trick.
that total up to 7 each. Write any two numbers.
Say7 and 4
3 X 7=21
1 +2+3+4+5+6=21
Add them: 7 + 4
a. Use the shortcut to find the sum.
i. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 Add the previous two numbers: 4 + 11
.ii. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 Add the previous two numbers: 11 + 15 =
r +9+ 10
iii. 1 + 2 + 3 + · • • + 14 + 15 + 16 Add the previous two numbers: 15 + 26 =
b. Work out a way to apply the Stop when you have six circled numbers.
shortcut when you end with an Add all six circled numbers. What do you ge!
odd number.
Now, multiply the fifth number by 4.
i. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 26X4= _ __
ii. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 What do you notice7Try with other num
iii. 1 + 2 + 3 + · · · + 13 + 14 + 15

~
ADDITIO~ AND SUBTRACTION OF MONEY
While adding and subtracting money, take care to place the points one below the
other and then add or subtract like you add or subtract any other numbers.
Remember to put the point in ~h_ e sa~e place (two digits from the right) in the
answer.
Example: Find the total money due in this bill. If a fS00 note and a f200 note were
paid to the shopkeeper, then what was the amount received as change?

,. :t::ri:ttie··::l: : : : ~tt~:~::::: :::

School bag l ?274.50
1

••UOotoottotUloU•h••••••1o•••hHtt••• •••!••• •••• ••••ooo ,o ,ioo oo••••• •••• •••• ••ooo,o, , , ,,

~... J~ 6
9 9
y5y5 10
Pencil box l
""""i•2s~so"··...... . Money given
.......................····:···············..·i·············..···.............................
7/lfl.!10
Total _ ! f520.50 Bill amount -520.50
Balance due ,, 79.50
Answer: ~179.50 was received as change.

b · 2·.E\ -----
er.c,se i. ' .•
--- --- ------- - - --
-----------------,,. . _,\ --- . ,_ - - - - -------
_ ,. ! ) -------- . - --- -

1. Find the total money due in each bill. Find the amount received as change in

-<-i
each case.
a. Paid: r .., !:i,.v-,-.r~
. - . ,'111
~-~ - .~ '?! ' ,~ o '111 , ,ooooll

Bill Bill
..Shirt 1 ·,i20.oo Umbrella ! ,24550
.·Pant ,js·cis·o. . . . . .
j Raincoat i ,16050
Tie I f165.00
...rotaf. . . . . . . . .('. · s ~
. Gumboots
rotaf. . . . .. . . ij.fl. . . .5050
. . . . o..... ~

2. Show different ways to make f 100. Use more high-value notes.

I Number of notes and coins
!.... ,so . . i.... ,20. ··... ·,·,-o·. ··. . i.s... . ···. ··. ·····. ··. ·..............................................
: :
0
t
I
t t
O
I t
O
, t t t , t 1 0 I OO O I I I I O oo t , • I oo 1 • t I ot , o• t o • I oI • o I t t • I • • t • I ~ I I I I I I t I IO o - fo I I I I I I I I I I • I I I ' " & I I II

!'"'''""""'\""'" """". ' q ri,..~~~.~~..~.~~..!.~.~................................ \" ...

8
- ;;; j""i".............
.......... l\":....-~... .. . .·:::1;:.::: :::::::::::::.. .u.~~-~
-
1~ -~~~ .!~~................................ .
4. ........ 1 2 Use ,20, ,10, and ,s

.\··········y···ri·········:··············· ··············· · u~~·,s'o;·,20:·~~d·,·;·o··········................

:
 J. Application in real lif
e
.
ed 0, 92 8 an d ~a ve ou t il'45,021
~
y, th e ba nk re ce iv ?5
a. On one Particular da an gi ve n ou t. "', 4~ '~ '1.S, 0.1. l:
th e ba nk th
more money was received by an ts to leav e on ly il'2,500 there and
e ba nk . He w
b. Mr Khan has f9,231 In th 2 5 - ?- >-0t 7_ :.C ~ 1 -, ~ ) ·
ca n he ta ke ou t? l\
rest Haw much money d ga ve jn th ei r ol d fr idge rn excf\ange.
dg e an
c. The Mehtas bought a new fri to pa y th e de al er il'l 6, 75 6. What Was
s valued at f2 ,3 00 . Th ey ha d
fridge wa
ne w fridge? I( :, S t ,._ l '..'::,a:,
thei r 1
ey
ily w en t on a ho lid ay to Co imbatore. On th e first day th
d. The Mathew fam sp en t ?2 ,4 57 an d on th e last day
they
xt tw o da ys th ey
fl ,245. Over the neh m oney di d they spend in all? 5
fl, 98 0. Ho w muc

Had ?10,00o
Gave out tssso ,- .

\0 0 0 6 Received ~7450 Ha d t2s,oo o

I
sS S"o
71s10 I
!'i
0

in
w much mo ne y is
the machine now?
I Ga ve ou t t10
Received ?8 75 0
!"fow much mone
000
y is

-r ... . -
I
I iif
~ in the machine now?

\ \ 700
-- [ B, r--..

Challenge!

Dfnesh and kabfr have so

1ns.1f Olnesii I
Ifie same IIUftlber of COi Ill e C0
lfaat ICabir has ~ If ka b1 r 91Ve s o,~hVes l<ab1r one coin t'- -
of COlns 0
in, Dine h' 'iey 'NIii both ha w
Co ins dO@ ne CO
• llla riy s WIii haVe twice
seach boy. ha\le?
1h11
PROBLEM SOLVING
Steps of Problem Solving
The steps of problem solving help you think in an organised
way and decide how to solve a word problem. ·
Scientists n~ed 250 samples of rock from deep under the sea.
If a robot brm_gs 125 samples on one trip and 90 samples on
the second tnp, how many will it need to bring on the last trip
to finish the job?
Step 1: Read the problem and understand the question.
We need to find out how many samples the robot has to bring o~ the last trip to
complete the job.
Step 2: Find the important information in the problem.
• 250 samples were needed.
• So far, the robot has brought 125 samples and 90 samples on the first and second
trips, respectively.
'.
Step 3: Decide what to do.
We must first find out how many samples were brought in all on the first two trips and
then subtract that from the total number of samples required by the scientists. This is
a two-step problem.
Step 4: Solve the problem and answer the question.
• 125 + 90 = 215 samples already brought
• 250- 215 = 35 samples left to be brought
Answer: The robot will need to bring 35 samples on the last trip.
Step 5: Check your answer.
• Is the calculation correct?
Yes, I have checked the addition by adding in reverse: 125 + 90 = 215 is correct
because 90 + 125 = 215. ✓
I have also checked the subtraction with addition: 250 - 215 = 35 is correct
because 35+ 215 = 250.
• Have you answered the question correctly using the correct units?
: Yes, the answer gives the number of samples that the robot will bring on its last trip.
• Does your answer make sense?
Yes, the answer of 35 samples n;1akes sense as it is a smaller figure th.an the nu.
of samples required in all. ·
 Read ··········· ··· ··········· ····· ·
.(··c~n you think of a sentence ··: .. .
Find F : to remembe r the steps .. ..:·•.
Decide ,_D_ ~ R - F - D - S - C? ; ..·.
- _
- _-__-___-__-___ -_--lI : My sentence is Rita Finds
Solve s ------- 1 I
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· - ·-· - - - - -- - - -1 : Dogs So Cute. What is yours? ;
Che.
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············ ··········· ··········· ······

Solve keeping the steps of problem solving in mind. Use addition , subtraction, or
multiplic ation. Some may be two-step problem s.
1. Mrs. Mathew s ordered 275 id/is for the school party. She ordered 125 less samosas
id/is. How many samosas did she order?
2. You have f750. You want to buy a sweater for ,455 and a jacket for ~570. How much ·
more money do you need?
3. Amber threw a ball to a distance of 25 m. Ankita threw it three times as far. How far ·
Ankita throw the ball?
4. A laptop has enough charge for 75 minutes of usage. It is charged for another 95 ·
minutes of use. It is then used for 112 minutes. How many minutes of charge are stiR
available on the laptop?
s. Rashid practised 8 maths questions every day for 5 days. On those same days, Rohan
practised 12 fewer questions than Rashid. How many question s did Rohan practise?
- ~

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u

.:. r,.•HI•'""

.: Choose a 350'- 250

.:: favourite number.

. Make a creative WJJ,fJ~rtf''Sj SJ(!)) Sjf;»JEj~IJAllb J1BJC!>Jl001J1
~ poster to describe
1J O)Q) ?/
.
: that number.
♦ JI'\ COtnp"'+e.- codil'\9 lal'\9t-ta9e., 100 is 1100100 ,
:
. Decorate your
*A ce.t\t"'"'Y is 100 ye.a.-s lol'\g,
:
.
:
poster with a
border showing * The 1 00th day of this year is a _ _ ,

~ differen t ways to • A 9°0 901 is 1 followed by a 100 zeros,

.:.: make the number. lXlOO

··········· ~········· ··········· ··········· ··········· ··········· ··········· ··········· ········· .. .... 4•····
........•
PROBLEM SOLVING USING BAR MODELS
In step 3 of problem solving, you have to decide how to solve the problem.
sometimes drawing a simple bar model can help you during this step.
Addition Models
Example 1: At the Inventions Competition, there were 125 entries from secondary
school, 98 entries from middle school, and 75 entries from primary school. How many
entries were there in all?.
Entries in all The bar model shows
111. , 1 2 5
us that we need to
9 8
T
[ 12s ··········· ·: Lga···· 1s ·] add to find how many
+ 75
Secondary Middle Primary
entries in all.
2 9 8
School School School 125 + 98 + 75 = ?
Answer:There were 298 entries in all.

Example 2: Class IV students went to the Science Quiz. There were 26 boys in the class.
There were 7 more girls than boys in the c~ass. How many girls were in Class IV?
Girls in all

26+7=?
Boys More girls
than boys
2 6
The bar model shows us that we need to add the number of boys to the
+ 7
number of girls more than the boys, to find the total number of girls.
3 3
Answer:There were 33 girls in Class IV.

Example 3: Anushka has to download some songs from the internet. So far, she has
downloaded 24 songs. There are still 19 songs left to be downloaded. How many
songs does Anushka have to download in all?
11
Try This!
• Songs
2 4 Solve with the help of a bar
l ---- 24 ····· 7-r. ·· ·;-;;-·] + 19 model.
4 3 Akila has 543 stamps and her
Downloaded Left to be
uncle gave her his collection of!
downloaded
264 stamp$. How m1nv .., • :. j ", \.....·, ,.. .

Answer: Anushka has to download 43 songs in all. does she h\~~~ ·11v. ~:l~W~£j
Subtraction Models
Example f : The teacher was checking the maths homework notebooks of Class IV · ·
5
has 43 notebooks to check. So far she has checked 17 notebooks. How many mor~
notebooks does she have to check?
11
• l -~43
Notebooks to be checked
J·• 1 1_
L.._ _7
43
_...1:I___?_ ____,~
j
Already Yet to be
43
checked checked
The bar model shows us that we need to find the difference to find -17
how many notebooks are yet to be checked. 26
Answer: 26 notebooks are yet to be checked.
Example 2: Serena makes special candles. She has an order for 162 candles. She has

l-
made some, but still has 49 left to make. How many candles has Serena already made
162-49=?
162
Try This!
Candles to be made
• 1 6 2
t Solve with the help of a bar

!
162 4 9 model.
49 ? 1 1 3 Of a 1,000 piece jigsaw puzzle,
Left to be Already Amrita has fitted 807 pieces.
made made How many more pieces are
needed to complete the puzzle
Answer: Serena has already made 113 candles. . : ,. ~

Comparison Model
Example: Anandita weighs 48 kg. Her younger sister Priya weighs 36 kg. How much
less does Priya weigh than Anandita?
............... ..........
1• The first bar shows Anandita's weight. The second bar is a f When we comp
shorter bar because 36 < 48. The difference in the length of ~ quantities, wen
the two bars shows the difference in weight of the two sisters. ..........
. ~.~.?.:.rs..••··
4 8 ;.-·
Anandita ..... I ____48_ k_g _ _ __
Priya f = 36 kg ?
- 3 6
1 2
Answer: Priya weighs 12 kg less than Anandita.
~-·'
_.. Mathspeak ---- ---- -- --- ------------ -----------------
: What do you notice Is same, and what Is different between the addition and subtraction bar models-
,---------------------------------------------------- --
two..Step Problems
Example 7: ~ere were 150 people at the party. 62 were men, 58 were women, and tii:
rest were children. How many children were at the party? ·
lilt People in all
The first model tells us to add to

E
150
62 find how many men and women
62 [ 58 7
Men Women
+ 5 8 were there in all.
Children
12 0 62+58=?
120
In the second model, we use the
People in all information from the first model
150
15 0 and subtract to find how many
t 120
Men and women in all
?
Children
- 120
3 0
children were at the party.
150-120=?
Answer:There were 30 children at the party.

Example 2: There were 654 apple trees in an orchard. There were 112 more pear trees
than apple trees in the orchard. How many trees in all were there in the orchard?

Pear trees in all

u• Thheowfirst model ttells us to adthd to ~nd I 1 • . I 6 5 4
many pear rees were ere ma . . 11 654 i 112 . +1 12
654 + 112 = ? Apple trees More pear trees 7 6 6·
than apple trees
766
Trees in all
7 6 6 The second model tells us to add to find
1
1··-··--··-766········· --r · 654. ·I +6 5 4 how many trees were there in all.
Pear trees Apple trees 1 4 2 0 766+654=? ..

Answer:There were 1,420 trees in the orchard.

Try This!
Solve with the help of bar models.
Anewly launched website was visited by 9,875 people on its first day and 6,532 peopl~ on ·.
the second day. How many more people visited the website on the first day than on the · · '
second day?

~
 ~-

M . r

Learn
(
...
...
23 + 25 =? 102 +98=7

c .. /;;~;~~~:;;:·;:;~:i:·;4·\. ..•
.
(j·····;s:·~·~·=·;·;; · . . . \. . f .
' .....
(
' -, Double of 24 = 48
..........___.........lt•• .-............................................- ...................... ~
............./
. .
....
(_ 198 + 2 = 200
..................................,........................................................·
, ..../

23 +25 =48 .. 102 + 98 = 200

Practice
a. 21 +23=--- b. 34+36=--- c. 49+51 = - - -
d. 101 +38=--- e. 102+64=--- f. 202+53=---

Use
(i' ·--·•·· -····· ·· •·· · ·. . ·· · . . . . . . . ... . . . ... . . ,.. .,... ... . . . . .".'·:
'-- / 1
/ a. Sum of place values of the digit 6 j
! in 63,826 is CO O 6 6 . i

/ b. 649 rounded to the nearest 100 is · !

1
) b.
600 i
j c.
! c. 69,399 is one less than i
6rt;i, ()0 1
I d. 72,642 - 70,000 = "'h--f 2.
. 1
l d. 42 + 44 = g6
/
i ) e. Double of 90 is _ .__,,_{ -B~D~-
i e. 89+ 101 = 1 9c 1 j f. 96,000 + 4,000 =_ - 4 - - ,,c._:!::.4,_+.'),,..l l

! f. 125 + 75 = 1.00 j g. 1, 16,000 is one more than .. '

r( ( q . q-9 .
j g. 1~2 -1000=587
h. 711:;1 rounded to the nearest ten is

I~-
j ,.
59 +
29+
i ~,'
~ - - =50
= 1oo •::·:='

t i.
1\(!)
Half of 150 Is .,_
._ _
.
1.. ._,~_,
.

I s~ct7~4~
j.
0
= I
..............--..... . . . . .~.---·--~... .-........... . . . . . . . . . .~ . . . ... . ..... . . . .........~ . . ............................!
I j. Roman __ ?'{'Jleral for 29 Is
,xx --'4 . .
~,
. . . . . ... . 1 . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . .... . .......... . .,,, . .................. . .. .... . , . . . , .. .. ....... . ........................ ....... ..- . .......,.""'""'""'