COAL-FIRED STEAM

POWER PLANT
GROUP 4

Nipas, Trisha Mae R.

Sabado, Emie Rosem A.
OBJECTIVES
To identify and explain the undesirable effects of
smoke disposal into the atmosphere.
To illustrate and describe the working principles
of mechanical and electrical dust collectors.
To emphasize the importance of dust collection
systems in reducing air pollution and protecting
public health.
UNDESIRABLE EFFECTS OF
SMOKE DISPOSAL TO THE
ATMOSPHERE
AIR POLLUTION
► Smoke releases carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon
monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides
(NOx), and particulate matter.
► Causes smog and haze, which reduce visibility in
cities.
► Contributes to poor air quality that fails to meet
health standards.
 HUMAN
HEALTH IMPACTS
► Inhalation of smoke particles leads to respiratory
diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer.
► Fine particles (PM2.5) penetrate deep into the lungs,
causing cardiovascular problems.
► Eye, nose, and throat irritation are common in
polluted areas.
► Children, elderly, and those with pre-existing
conditions are most vulnerable.
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
► Smoke emissions mix with water in the
atmosphere to form acid rain, which damages
soil, crops, forests, and aquatic life.
► Harmful gases disturb the natural balance
of ecosystems.
► Plants and animals are affected, leading to
loss of biodiversity.
OZONE LAYER
DEPPLETION
► Certain smoke byproducts (like CFCs and
halogenated compounds) damage the ozone
layer.
► Thinning of the ozone allows harmful
ultraviolet (UV) radiation to reach the Earth’s
surface.
► This increases the risk of skin cancer,
cataracts, and damage to crops.
GLOBAL WARMING AND
CLIMATE CHANGE

► Smoke contains greenhouse gases, especially

CO₂, that trap heat in the atmosphere.
► This leads to global warming, rising sea levels,
and melting ice caps.
► Extreme weather events (storms, droughts,
heatwaves) are intensified.
 DUST
COLLECTOR
DUST COLLECTOR
► An essential air pollution control device used in
power plants to capture and remove particulate
matter such as fly ash, soot, and unburned carbon
from flue gases produced during fuel combustion.
► Commonly used in:
factories
power plants
cement plants
workshops
IMPORTANCE OF DUST
COLLECTOR
Health Benefits: Prevents lung diseases (asthma,
silicosis, allergies)
Safety: Reduces risk of fire and explosion from dust
accumulation
Environmental Compliance: Meets air pollution
standards
Productivity: Protects machines, reduces downtime,
and improves product quality
 CLASSIFICATION OF
DUST COLLECTOR
TYPES:
1. Mechanical Dust Collectors
2. Electrical Dust Collectors
3. Fabric Filters (Baghouse)
4. Wet Scrubbers
5. Cartridge Collectors
MECHANICAL DUST
COLLECTOR
► Mechanical dust collectors are devices that
use physical separation methods—such as
gravity, inertia, and centrifugal force—to remove
dust from gas streams.
► Mostly used for coarse particles.
► Types:
Settling Chambers
Cyclone Separators
Multi-Cyclones Collector
 SETTLING CHAMBER

► A large, empty chamber where the airflow slows

down and heavy dust particles settle at the bottom
by gravity.

► Commonly used in steel plants and cement

factories as a first stage dust collector before finer
systems.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
1.Dust-laden gas enters a large chamber at a
reduced velocity.
2.Because the flow slows down, heavier dust
particles cannot remain suspended.
3.Gravity pulls these heavier particles
downward, causing them to settle at the
bottom of the chamber.
4.The cleaned gas, now carrying only fine or
light particles, exits through the outlet.
5.Collected dust is removed from the
chamber’s hopper or bottom section
 CYCLONE
SEPARATORS
► A cylindrical or conical device that uses a
spiral airflow. The centrifugal force pushes dust
particles to the walls, and they drop into a
collection hopper.

► Used in woodworking shops, grain mills,

cement plants, and boiler exhausts.
 WORKING
PRINCIPLE
1. Dusty gas enters tangentially and starts
swirling.
2. Centrifugal force flings particles to the wall.
3. An outer vortex spirals downward along the
wall, carrying particles.
4. Near the cone tip, flow reverses into an inner
upward vortex.
5. Cleaned gas rises and exits through the vortex
finder.
6. Collected solids slide into the hopper and
discharge.
 MULTI-CYCLONE COLLECTORS

► A system made of multiple small cyclone

separators working together to improve
collection efficiency.

► Example: Found in power plants to pre-clean

flue gases before they pass through filters or
ESPs.
ELECTRICAL DUST COLLECTOR

► Also known as Electrostatic Precipitators

(ESPs)
► A devices that use high-voltage electricity to
charge dust particles and collect them on
oppositely charged plates.

► Most commonly used in:

coal-fired
biomass power plants
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
(ESPS)
1.Dust-laden gas enters the chamber and passes
through high-voltage discharge electrodes.
2.The electrodes create a strong electric field
that ionizes the gas, giving dust particles a
negative charge.
3.The charged dust particles are attracted to and
deposited on the positively charged collecting
plates.
4.Clean gas, now free from most particles, exits
through the outlet.
5. The collecting plates are rapped or vibrated,
causing the dust layer to fall into hoppers for
removal
ACTUAL OPERATION
COMPARISON TABLE
THANK YOU