F.

2 Geography/ c4 The trouble of water/ Unit 1 Water cycle and global water resources

C4 The Trouble of Water — Too much and too little

Name: ( ) Class: Date:

Goals Setting and Reflection Corner

Put a √, ⍻ or X to indicate your understanding towards these concepts before and after lesson.

Learning goals Before lesson After lesson

The meaning and the processes involved in
the water cycle:
Evaporation
Transpiration
Condensation
Precipitation
Surface runoff
Interception
Infiltration
Components of a river basin
Characteristics of a river: differences among
upper, middle and lower courses
Distribution of water resources on Earth
(percentage of freshwater and saltwater)
Global distribution of water resources per
capita

Which part do you think you need to spend more effort on before tests and exam? Highlight it.

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 F.2 Geography/ c4 The trouble of water/ Unit 1 Water cycle and global water resources

Water cycle and global water resources

Lesson Preparation
1. Watch a video and answer a few MC questions in Google Classroom.
2. Complete the diagram below to show the usage of water.

2.
1. 3.

4.
8.

5. 6. 7.

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F.2 Geography/ c4 The trouble of water/ Unit 1 Water cycle and global water resources

1. What is the water footprint?

___________________________________________________________
2. Visit ([Link] and calculate your water
footprint in food consumption.

3. Design a dinner for a family of three and calculate the water footprint. Use as less water as
possible.
Ingredients Water footprint
a. Soup:

__________________

b. Main Course:

_________________

c. Main Course:

__________________

d. Grains / Cereal products:

__________________

Total:

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F.2 Geography/ c4 The trouble of water/ Unit 1 Water cycle and global water resources

1.1 Where does water come from?  Refer to textbook P. 4-5

Concept: Water cycle • Processes

1. What is a water cycle?

Water is driven by the energy of the . It moves continuously between
the , and . This forms the water cycle

2. What are the processes involved in the water cycle?

Process Description
Water in the oceans, rivers and lakes is heated and turns
A.
into gas.
B. Water in plants turns into water vapour
As water vapour rises, it cools and turns into water
C.
droplets. Clouds are formed.
When water droplets become too heavy, they fall back to
D.
the earth.
Some precipitation is caught by plants before reaching
E.
the ground.
F. Some precipitation flows on the ground surface.
Some precipitation enters into the soil and becomes
G.
groundwater.

E
D
B

A
G
F

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F.2 Geography/ c4 The trouble of water/ Unit 1 Water cycle and global water resources

1. Refer to the following processes. Is/Are there any change(s) in location and/or in the state of the
water.
Process in the Any change in the state of
Any changes in location? How?
water cycle water? How?
• ( ) Yes, from ___________________
Evaporation to ______________________________
• ( ) No

Surface runoff

Condensation

2. How do the following changes affect different processes in a water cycle? Circle the correct
answers.
a. Increase in air temperature → Evaporation (↑ / ↓)
b. Removing trees on a large scale → Transpiration (↑ / ↓)
c. Digging deeper wells to tap groundwater →channel flow (↑ / ↓)

3. Name three types of precipitation. _________________________________________________

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 F.2 Geography/ c4 The trouble of water/ Unit 1 Water cycle and global water resources

What is a river basin? What are the characteristics of a river?

Case study

 Refer to textbook P. 6-7

1. What is a river basin? What are the parts forming a river basin?
A river basin, also called a drainage basin, is
.

2. Which is the largest river basin in the world?

3. What are the three river courses found in a mature river?

4. What is the longest river in China?

5. What is the long profile of a river?

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F.2 Geography/ c4 The trouble of water/ Unit 1 Water cycle and global water resources

1.2 How are global water resources distributed?  Refer to textbook P. 6-7

Concept: Water resources • Types and distribution

1. What are water resources?

Water resources refer to .

2. What are the types of water on Earth?

Types of water

: 97% Freshwater: 3%

Ice caps and Surface water Others

Swamps

3. How is the global distribution of water resources per capita?

 Water resources are and distributed in the world.
 A larger population has a (larger / smaller) demand on water, meaning each person has
(more / less) water to share

4. How much water is needed a year for a person to survive?

5. The world is facing the threat of an inadequate freshwater supply. It is projected that by 2025,
two-thirds of the world's population may be facing water shortages.

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F.2 Geography/ c4 The trouble of water/ Unit 1 Water cycle and global water resources

Refer to Fig. 1.7 on TB p.9.

1. Shade the places that lack of freshwater supply (< 1000m3 per capita) in the figure.
2. Which continent contains most countries with the problem of water shortages? _____________
3. Name any three countries shaded in Question 1. ______________________________________
4. Explain why water shortages occur in these countries. Refer to Appendix 1 for hints.
Natural factors Human factors

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F.2 Geography/ c4 The trouble of water/ Unit 1 Water cycle and global water resources

5. How does the problem of water shortages affect the socio-economic development of the countries
mentioned in Question 3?
Economically: Socially:

 Water cycle

Atmosphere

Transpiration

Interception

Surface runoff
Infiltration

 River basin and characteristics of a river

River basin / Drainage basin River mouth
River source

Main stream
Tributary

Watershed

 Distribution of water resources

Freshwater

Glacier

Ice cap

Swamp

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F.2 Geography/ c4 The trouble of water/ Unit 1 Water cycle and global water resources

Appendix 1
Natural/physical factors:
Information 1
Algeria (1991-2020) Libya (1991-2020)
• Average temperature in summer (June, July • Average temperature in summer (June, July
and August): 32.9°C and August): 30.4°C
• Average annual rainfall: 75.5mm • Average annual rainfall: 30.8mm
• Describe the climatic characteristics of Algeria and Libya.
• How do these characteristics lead to water shortages?

Information 2
• What does the light brown color represent?
• What are the characteristics of this area?

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F.2 Geography/ c4 The trouble of water/ Unit 1 Water cycle and global water resources

Human factors:
Info 1:
More than half of global population growth between now and 2050 are expected to occur in Africa.
Africa has the highest rate of population growth among major areas. The population of Northern
Africa increased from around 60 million in 1960 to more than 200 million in 2019.

• Describe the population in Africa.

• How does it lead to water shortages?
Information 2:
GDP of Algeria in 2021: US$167.98 billion
GDP of Libya in 2021: US$41.88 billion
GDP of the United States in 2021: US$23 Trillion

Gross domestic product (GDP) means the total market value of the goods and services produced by
a country's economy during a specified period of time. From the GDP, you can determine whether
Algeria and Libya are comparatively richer or poorer. How does it lead to water shortages?

Information 3 Literacy means the ability

The map shows the literacy rate of Africa. to read and write. The
literacy rate of more
developed countries is
usually 99%.

• What is the literacy rate

of the countries that you
have shaded?
• How does it lead to
water shortages in these
countries?

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F.2 Geography/ c4 The trouble of water/ Unit 1 Water cycle and global water resources

Information 4: The situation of water quality in Africa

• Describe the water quality in Africa.

• How does it lead to water shortages?

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