Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Department of Mathematics
MA11003 - Advanced Calculus
Problem Sheet - 4
Autumn 2025

1. Show that the function

 2 2
x +y , if (x, y) 6= (0, 0);
f (x, y) = |x| + |y|
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0).


is continuous at (0, 0), but fx (0, 0) and fy (0, 0) do not exist.

2. Show that the following functions

 2
 x y , if (x, y) 6= (0, 0);
(a) f (x, y) = x4 + y 2
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0).

 3 3
x + y , if x 6= y;
(b) f (x, y) = x−y
0, if x = y.


possess partial derivatives at (0, 0), though it is not continuous at (0, 0).
3. Find fx (x, y) and fy (x, y) using definition for the followings :

(a) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 ,

(b) f (x, y) = sin(3x + 4y),

(c) f (x, y) = ye−x + xy.

(d) f (x, y) = x2 + xy + y 3 ,

(e) f (x, y) = x sin y + x2 ,

x
(f) f (x, y) = exy + .
y

4. Find fx (0, 0), fy (0, 0), fx (0, y) and fy (x, 0) for the followings :

 xy
 , if (x, y) 6= (0, 0);
(a) f (x, y) = x + y
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0).

1
 (b) f (x, y) = log(1 + xy),
(
1, if x = 0 or y = 0 or both x = 0 and y = 0;
(c) f (x, y) =
0, Otherwise

(d) f (x, y) = ex−y − ey−x ,

 3 3
x − y , if (x, y) 6= (0, 0);
(e) f (x, y) = x+y
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0).


5. Show that the following functions

2 2
 xy(x − y ) ,

if (x2 + y 2 ) 6= 0;
(a) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0, if (x2 + y 2 ) = 0.

 2
 x y , if (x2 + y 2 ) 6= 0;
(b) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0, if (x2 + y 2 ) = 0.


have first order partial derivatives at (0, 0), and discuss the differentiability at (0, 0) .

6. Show that following function

 xy
p , (x, y) 6= (0, 0),
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0 (x, y) = (0, 0)


is continuous, possess first order partial derivatives but it is not differentiable at the origin.

p
7. Prove that the function f (x, y) = |xy| is not differentiable at (0, 0), but that fx and fy
both exists at origin and have the value 0. Show that fx and fy are continuous everywhere
except at the origin.

8. Test the differentiability of the following functions at (0, 0)

1

(x2 + y 2 ) sin , if (x, y) 6= (0, 0);
(a) f (x, y) = x + y2
2
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0).
 3 3
 x − 2y , if (x, y) 6= (0, 0);
(b) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0).


 2 2
y x − y , if (x, y) 6= (0, 0);
9. Let f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0).


Find fxx (x, y), fxy (x, y), fyx (x, y) and fyy (x, y) at (0, 0). Also check the differentiability
of the function f (x, y) at the origin.

2
  2
 x y(x − y) , if (x, y) 6= (0, 0);
10. For the function f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0).

check that fxy (0, 0) 6= fyx (0, 0). Also check the differentiability of f (x, y) at the origin

11. Find fyxx (x, y) and fxyx (x, y) for the following functions:

(a) f (x, y) = x4 sin 3y + 5x − 6y.

(b) f (x, y) = x5 y 3 + log(xy) + 10x.
(c) f (x, y) = exy tan x + x3 y 2 .
(d) f (x, y) = x3 sin y + y 3 cos x
(e) f (x, y) = ex ln y + cos y ln x
(f) f (x, y) = x3 y 2 + 2xy 3 + cos(xy 2 )

12. Find the total differential of the following functions

(a) w = x2 + xy 2 + xy 2 z 3
(b) z = tan−1 (x/y),
2 2 2
(c) u = e(x + y + z ) ,
(d) w = sin(3x + 4y) + 5ez
(e) w = z ln y + y ln z + xyz,
p
(f) u = x2 + y 2 + z 2 ,
(g) w = ex sin(y + 2z) − x2 y 2 ,
x z
(h) w = e y + e y .

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 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Department of Mathematics
MA11003 - Advanced Calculus
Problem Sheet - 5
Autumn 2025

df
1. Find at t = 0 for the following functions:
dt
(a) f (x, y) = x cos y + ex sin y, where x(t) = t2 + 1, y(t) = t3 + t.
(b) f (x, y, z) = x3 + xz 2 + y 3 + xyz, where x(t) = et , y(t) = cos t, z(t) = t3 .
(c) f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 2x21 −x2 x3 +x1 x23 , where x1 (t) = 2 sin(t), x2 (t) = t2 −t+1, x3 (t) = 3−t .
dy
2. (a) Using implicit differentiation, find from the following:
dx
(i) xy + y x = c
(ii) xy 2 + exp(x) sin(y 2 ) + tan−1 (x + y) = c
x2 y 2
(iii) 2 + 2 + 1 = 0
a b
(iv) ln(x2 + y 2 ) + tan−1 (y/x) = 0
∂z ∂z
(b) Using implicit differentiation, find and from the following:
∂x ∂y
(i) xy 2 z 2 + sin(yz) − exp(xz 2 ) = 0
(ii) x tan−1 ( yz ) + y tan−1 ( xz ) + z tan−1 ( xy ) = 0
(iii) xy 2 + z 3 + sin(xyz) = 0
(iv) x − yz + cos(xyz) − x2 z 2 = 1
x y z ∂u ∂u ∂u
3. If u = f (r, s, t), where r = , s = and t = , then show that x +y +z = 0.
y z x ∂x ∂y ∂z
4. If v = f (u), where u is a homogeneous function of x and y of degree n, then prove that

∂v ∂v dv
x +y = nu
∂x ∂y du

5. Check whether the following functions are homogeneous or not, if so, determine the degree
of the function:
y x y
(a) tan−1 + sin−1 (e) x2/3 y 4/3 tan
x y x
y
(b) cos−1 ( p ) x1/4 + y 1/4
x2 + y 2 (f)
x1/5 + y 1/5
x2 y 2
(c) + (g) x2 y 2 + xy 3 + x2 y + x3 y
y x
x y x2 + y 2
(d) sin( ) (h)
y x x3 + y 3
y x
6. If f (x, y) = + , then show that xfx + yfy = 0.
x y

1
 x2 + y 2
7. If u = √ , (x, y) 6= (0, 0), what should be the value of k so that xux + yuy = ku?
x+y

8. If y = f (x + ct) + φ(x − ct), then show that ytt = c2 yxx .

n
9. If u = e−mx sin(nt − mx), prove that ut = uxx .
2m2
10. If xx y y z z = k (constant), then show that at the point (x, y, z), where x = y = z,

∂2z 1
=− .
∂x∂y x loge (ex)

y x ∂2u x2 − y 2
11. If u = x2 tan−1 − y 2 tan−1 , prove that = 2 .
x y ∂x∂y x + y2
x3 + y 3
12. If u = tan−1 , then prove that xux + yuy = sin 2u.
x−y
s
x1/3 + y 1/3
13. If u = sin−1 , then show that
x1/2 + y 1/2

13 tan2 u
 
tan u
x2 uxx + 2xyuxy + y 2 uyy = + .
12 12 12
y
14. If u(x, y) = x log , for xy 6= 0, then show that
x
x2 uxx + 2xyuxy + y 2 uyy = 0.

(ax3 + by 3 )n y
15. If u = + xf , then prove that
3n(3n − 1) x

n
x2 uxx + 2xyuxy + y 2 uyy = ax3 + by 3

.
y  
m x n
16. If z = x f +y g , then show that
x y
 
2 2 ∂z ∂z
x zxx + 2xyzxy + y zyy + mnz = (m + n − 1) x +y .
∂x ∂y

17. Let f (x, y) and g(x, y) be two homogeneous functions of degree m and n respectively,
∂h ∂h
where m 6= 0. Let h = f + g, and x +y = 0. Then show that f = αg for some
∂x ∂y
constant α.

18. By the transformation ξ = a + αx + βy, η = b − βx + αy, where α, β, a, b are all constants

and α2 + β 2 = 1, the function u(x, y) is transfered into U (ξ, η). Prove that
2
Uξξ Uηη − Uξη = uxx uyy − u2xy .

2
19. If z be a differentiable function of x and y (rectangular cartesian co-ordinates) and let
x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ (r, θ are polar co-ordinates), then show that
 2  2  2
1 ∂z 2
 
∂z ∂z ∂z
(a) + = + 2 .
∂x ∂y ∂r r ∂θ
∂2z ∂2z ∂ 2 z 1 ∂z 1 ∂2z
(b) + = + + .
∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂r2 r ∂r r2 ∂θ2

20. Given w = (x21 + x22 + · · · + x2n )k , for n ≥ 2. Then, for what values of k, the following
relation holds:
∂2w ∂2w ∂2w
+ + · · · + = 0.
∂x21 ∂x22 ∂x2n

21. Let u(x, y) be such that all its second order partial derivatives exist. If x = r cos θ, y =
r sin θ, then show that
2 ∂2u
 2
∂ u ∂2u ∂2u

2∂ u ∂u 2 2
r − − r = (x − y ) − + 4xy .
∂r2 ∂θ2 ∂r ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂x∂y

22. Let u(x, y) be such that all its second order partial derivatives exists. If x = ξ cos α −
η sin α, y = ξ sin α + η cos α, then prove that

∂2u ∂2u ∂2u ∂2u

+ = + 2.
∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂ξ 2 ∂η

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 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Department of Mathematics
MA11003 - Advanced Calculus
Tutorial Sheet - 6
Autumn 2025

2)
1. Expand f (x, y) = e(2x+xy+y in powers of x and y upto second order term.

2. Expand f (x, y) = sin(xy) in powers of (x − 1) and (y − π/2) up to second degree term,

and then find the remainder term.

3. Expand f (x, y) = ey sin x in Taylor’s series upto second order term about ( π2 , 1). Also
51
estimate the value of f (x, y) = ey sin x when x = 100 π, y = 0.99.

4. Expand f (x, y, z) = ez sin(x + y) in Taylor’s series upto second order term about the point
(0, 0, 0).

5. Expand f (x, y) = x2 y + sin y + ex in powers of (x − 1) and (y − π) upto second order terms

using taylor’s theorem and find the remainder term.

6. Show that
1
sin x sin y = xy − [(x3 + 3xy 2 ) cos(θx) sin(θy) + (y 3 + 3x2 y) sin(θx) cos(θy)], where 0 <
6
θ < 1.

7. Classify the local extremum of the following functions:

(a) f (x, y) = x2 y − 2xy 2 + 3xy + 4 .

(b) f (x, y) = 2(x − y)2 − x4 − y 4 .

(c) f (x, y) = x3 − 12x + y 3 + 3y 2 − 9y.

(d) f (x, y) = x3 + 3xy 2 − 15x2 − 15y 2 + 72x.

(e) f (x, y) = x2 y − xy 2 + 4xy − 4x2 − 4y 2 .

8. Verify that x3 y 2 (1 − x − y) has a maximum at ( 21 , 13 ).

9. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of f (x, y) = 4x2 +9y 2 −8x−12y +4 over
thr rectangle in the first quadrant bounded by the lines x = 2, y = 3 and the co-ordinate
axes.

10. Find the global extremum of f (x, y) = x2 + xy + y 2 over the circular region R =
{(x, y)/ x2 + y 2 ≤ 1}.

1
11. Find the absolute maximum and minimum value of the function f (x, y) = 3x2 + y 2 − x
over the region 2x2 + y 2 ≤ 1.

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