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Objectives
Introduce basic types of storage used on XenServer. Identify each storage type. Describe how each storage type is accessed by XenServer.
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Summary This training describes the type of storage available: Local Network Fiber
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SR Storage can be local. SR Storage can be on another server. SR Storage can be on a SAN.
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Physical Volumes (PV1 + PV2 + PV3) create a Volume Group (VG1) Volume Group contains Logical Volumes You create a SR on a Volume Group
2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
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Storage Repositories have a Physical Block Device (PBD)
A Physical Block Device (PBD) contains configuration from XenServer to SR. A virtual block device (VBD) is configuration of VDI to VM. Both PBD and VBDs are configurations only and can be recreated.
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There are seven common storage types: 1- Local LVM 2- Local EXT 3- iSCSI 4- NFS 5- LVHD 6- Fiber Channel (FC) 7- Connector (Dell EqualLogic and NetApp)
New!
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/dev/sda
Disk Internal
Primary (4GB) /dev/sda1 Backup (4GB) /dev/sda2
SR(#GB) /dev/sda3
LVM
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Connectivity Requirements for local LVM are: Having a local disk or LUN presented to a XenServer machine. Disk or LUN available via SCSI bus. You can see LVM disks with fdisk l command.
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Type 2 is Local EXT (Extended File System) The EXT type is a Linux EXT formatted file system. It has a similar file system structure like NFS. Virtual Machine VDIs are stored as files. Advantage is VDIs can be backed up like files.
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/dev/sda
Disk Internal
Primary (4GB) /dev/sda1 Backup (4GB) /dev/sda2
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Connectivity Requirements for EXT are: Having a local disk or LUN presented to a XenServer machine. Disk or LUN available via SCSI bus. You are required to manually format disk to be EXT when you create the an SR. Advantage of EXT is that it supports thin provisioning.
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Type 3 is iSCSI iSCSI stands for (Internet Small Computer System Interface) Typical on Network Attached Storage (NAS) device. Carries SCSI commands over IP networks. Transmits data over local area networks (LANs). Less expensive than fiber channel. Supports multi-pathing. Currently iSCSI runs at 1GB/s speed.
2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
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Software iSCSI Connectivity Requirements are: Dedicating a NIC for storage on XenServer. Assign an IP to NIC separate from management for iSCSI traffic. XenServer storage NIC and iSCSI NAS on same network. Generating an IQN (iSCSI Qualified Name) on XenServer. Enabling iSCSI software initiator on XenServer.
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Hardware iSCSI Connectivity Requirements are: Installing iSCSI HBA (Host Bus Adapter) on XenServer. Configuring iSCSI HBA to target. Configure target with LUN to present to XenServer. A iSCSI target controller on SAN.
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SAN
iS C S I T arget
N IC A da pter
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Type 4 is NFS Type NFS stands for Network File System Must be formatted NFS Version 3. File system is mounted. It is accessed through network. Supports thin provisioning. Advantage is VDIs are stored as files. Downfall is VDI disk size cannot be increased. You can see location of NFS SR with mount command.
2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
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Connectivity Requirements for NFS are: Dedicate a NIC for storage on XenServer. Assign an IP to NIC separate from management for NFS traffic. XenServer storage NIC and NFS NAS must be on same network. Configure a Share on the NFS Server. Properly configure permissions to access share.
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TCP/IP Network
XenServer
Share
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It is new format for XenServer 5.5. It is intended to replace LVM as the default local SR type. Supports snapshots. Hosts VHD files directly on LVM volumes. LVHD supports two VDI formats: Raw volumes and VHD volumes. VHD is the default VDI format for LVHD SRs. VHD VDIs are LVM volumes formatted with VHD metadata
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Connectivity Requirements for LVHD are: LVHD SRs can reside on local, network or fiber disks. Disk will have to be upgraded or formatted LVHD. You can use the command /opt/xensource/bin/xelvm-upgrade <SR UUID> to upgrade disk.
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/dev/sda
Disk Internal
Primary (4GB) /dev/sda1 Backup (4GB) /dev/sda2
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Type 6 is Fiber Channel (FC) Natively LVM format. Accessed through a Fiber Channel HBA. Supports multi-pathing. Currently runs at 2 GB/s. A properly configured 2GB/s Fiber Channel SAN is capable of sustaining in excess of 380MB/sec speed. Fiber Channel is more reliable than iSCSI storage.
2008 Citrix Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
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Configure SAN with LUN to present to HBA. Connect Fiber Channel Optic Cables. Configure FC Switch with appropriate Zoning.
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A FC Sample Setup
S A N
F C
S A N
F ib e r C h a n n e l S w itc h e s
H o st B u s A d a p te rs (H B A s )
( L o c a l D is k P r e s e n t a ti o n )
( L o c a l D i s k P r e s e n ta t io n )
C itr ix X e n S e rv e rs
X e n S e v e r S e rv e r
X e n S e v e r S e rv e r
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Type 7 is Connector Type The two connectors available are the Dell Equal Logic and the NetApp plug-in. Connectors are specific for third party vendors. Uses software iSCSI for connectivity. Alleviates administrative access to backend. Support backend snapshots.
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Connectivity Requirements for Type 7 are: Dedicating a NIC for storage on XenServer. Assign an IP to NIC separate from management . XenServer storage NIC and iSCSI NAS must be on same network. Administrative access to the backend is necessary.
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