Situational Exam on Philippine Labor Code and Republic Acts
Instructions: Read each situation carefully and choose the best answer from the options
provided. Each question has only one correct answer.
1. Juan was hired by a construction firm without passing through the authorized boards
required by law. Which provision is violated?
A. Article 282 – Termination of private employees
B. Article 18 – Ban on direct hiring
C. Article 103 – Payment of wages
D. Article 109 – Solidary liability of employers
2. Maria, a solo parent, was denied her benefits and leave entitlements despite submitting
complete requirements. Which Republic Act protects her rights?
A. R.A. 8972 – Solo Parents’ Welfare Act of 2000
B. R.A. 8187 – Paternity Leave Act of 1996
C. R.A. 11058 – Occupational Safety and Health Act
D. R.A. 10706 – Seafarers Protection Act
3. A mining company forced its workers to retire at age 50. Which law governs this
provision?
A. R.A. 10757 – Retirement Age for Surface Mine Workers
B. R.A. 11360 – Service Charge Law
C. R.A. 10911 – Anti-Age Discrimination Act
D. Article 100 – Prohibition of elimination of benefits
4. A managerial employee was dismissed after losing the employer’s trust, but due process
was followed. Which jurisprudence validates this dismissal?
A. Atok Big Wedge Co. vs. Gison (2011)
B. Reyes-Rayel vs. Philippine Luen Thai Holdings (2012)
C. Diwa Asia Publishing vs. De Leon (2018)
D. F.F. Cruz & Co. vs. HR Construction Corp. (2012)
5. An employer deducted a certain amount from an employee’s salary, claiming it was a
condition to retain employment. Which Article prohibits this?
A. Article 112 – Wage disposal interference
B. Article 117 – No deductions for employment retention
C. Article 104 – Payment at place of undertaking
D. Article 107 – Contracting with independent contractors
6. A female employee experienced repeated domestic violence and sought protection under
the law. Which Republic Act applies?
A. R.A. 9710 – Magna Carta of Women
B. R.A. 9262 – Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004
C. R.A. 9481 – Against Discrimination in Employment
D. R.A. 11058 – Occupational Safety and Health Standards Act
7. A company requires wages to be paid every month, but workers complain that they are
entitled to more frequent payments. Which provision supports the workers’ claim?
A. Article 101 – Payment of wages by results
B. Article 103 – Wages must be paid at least once every two weeks
C. Article 104 – Wages must be paid at or near the place of undertaking
D. Article 9 – Fifteen equal annual amortizations
8. Pedro was hired as an independent contractor for IT services. Which Article determines
the application of labor law to him?
A. Article 107 – Application to independent contractors
B. Article 108 – Employer bond requirement
C. Article 109 – Solidary liability
D. Article 282 – Termination of private employees
9. A labor dispute was filed in Manila but the employee works in Davao. Which Republic Act
requires the case to be heard at the nearest regional branch to improve access to justice?
A. R.A. 10741 – Strengthening the Operations of the NLRC
B. R.A. 11360 – Service Charge Law
C. R.A. 6715 – Herrera Law
D. R.A. 10911 – Anti-Age Discrimination Act
10. A pregnant employee requested additional maternity leave beyond the standard 105
days. Which law provides for this extension?
A. R.A. 11058 – Occupational Safety and Health Standards
B. R.A. 11210 – Expanded Maternity Leave Law
C. R.A. 9710 – Magna Carta of Women
D. R.A. 8187 – Paternity Leave Act of 1996
11. A father requested leave after his wife suffered a miscarriage. Which law grants this?
A. R.A. 8972 – Solo Parents’ Welfare Act
B. R.A. 8187 – Paternity Leave Act of 1996
C. R.A. 9262 – Anti-Violence Act
D. Article 104 – Payment of wages
12. An employer refused to pay service charges collected from customers to rank-and-file
employees. Which law was violated?
A. R.A. 11360 – Service Charge Law
B. R.A. 6715 – Herrera Law
C. R.A. 9710 – Magna Carta of Women
D. Article 109 – Solidary liability
13. A female worker was paid less than her male counterpart despite doing the same work.
Which law protects her rights?
A. R.A. 9481 – Against Discrimination in Employment
B. R.A. 6725 – Anti-Sex Discrimination Act (Women)
C. R.A. 11058 – Occupational Safety and Health Standards
D. Article 100 – Prohibition of benefits diminution
14. A union filed a case for unfair labor practice and demanded recognition. Which law
guarantees their right to do so?
A. R.A. 6715 – Herrera Law
B. R.A. 9262 – Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children
C. Article 3 – Protect labor and promote employment
D. R.A. 10741 – Strengthening the NLRC
15. A seafarer was charged 15% of his total compensation as lawyer’s fees. Which law limits
this to only 10%?
A. R.A. 10706 – Seafarers Protection Act
B. R.A. 11058 – Occupational Safety and Health
C. R.A. 8972 – Solo Parents Act
D. Article 4 – Doubts resolved in favor of labor
16. A company failed to comply with OSH standards, resulting in workplace injuries. Which
law imposes penalties?
A. R.A. 11058 – Occupational Safety and Health Act
B. Article 100 – Prohibition of benefits elimination
C. Article 108 – Employer bond requirement
D. R.A. 11360 – Service Charge Law
17. A female employee was denied equal opportunities for promotion solely because of her
gender. Which law was violated?
A. R.A. 9710 – Magna Carta of Women
B. R.A. 11360 – Service Charge Law
C. R.A. 10757 – Retirement for Mine Workers
D. Article 18 – Ban on direct hiring
18. An employee’s benefits were reduced by the employer citing cost-cutting. Which Article
prohibits this?
A. Article 100 – Prohibition of elimination or diminution of benefits
B. Article 104 – Payment at place of undertaking
C. Article 117 – No deductions for employment retention
D. Article 107 – Independent contractors
19. A dismissed employee argued that doubts about his case should favor labor. Which
Article supports this?
A. Article 4 – All doubts resolved in favor of labor
B. Article 282 – Termination of private employees
C. Article 18 – Ban on direct hiring
D. R.A. 9481 – No gender bias in employment
20. A worker complained that wages were not given at the job site but required travel to the
main office. Which Article was violated?
A. Article 104 – Wage must be paid at or near the place of undertaking
B. Article 103 – Wages must be paid every two weeks
C. Article 101 – Payment by results
D. Article 112 – Wage disposal interference
21. A private employee was terminated without just cause. Which Article deals with
termination?
A. Article 282 – Termination of private employees
B. Article 18 – Ban on direct hiring
C. Article 103 – Wage frequency
D. R.A. 10911 – Anti-Age Discrimination
22. An employee was dismissed due to work becoming unbearable and intolerable. Which
jurisprudence applies?
A. Diwa Asia Publishing vs. De Leon (2018)
B. Reyes-Rayel vs. Philippine Luen Thai Holdings (2012)
C. Atok Big Wedge vs. Gison (2011)
D. F.F. Cruz & Co. vs. HR Construction Corp. (2012)
23. A company engaged in contracting without providing a bond equal to labor cost. Which
Article is violated?
A. Article 108 – Employer bond requirement
B. Article 107 – Independent contractors
C. Article 117 – No deductions
D. Article 112 – Wage disposal interference
24. A dispute arose when employer actions waived written contract terms. Which
jurisprudence applies?
A. F.F. Cruz & Co. vs. HR Construction Corp. (2012)
B. Atok Big Wedge vs. Gison (2011)
C. Reyes-Rayel vs. Luen Thai Holdings (2012)
D. Diwa Asia Publishing vs. De Leon (2018)
25. A 55-year-old applicant was rejected solely because of age. Which law prohibits this
discrimination?
A. R.A. 10911 – Anti-Age Discrimination in Employment Act
B. R.A. 8972 – Solo Parents Act
C. Article 4 – Doubts resolved in favor of labor
D. Article 9 – Fifteen equal amortizations
1. Juan was hired by a construction firm without passing through the authorized
boards.
✅ Answer: B. Article 18 – Ban on direct hiring
📌 Explanation: Article 18 bans direct hiring and requires employment to pass through
authorized boards or agencies.
2. Maria, a solo parent, was denied her benefits and leave entitlements.
✅ Answer: A. R.A. 8972 – Solo Parents’ Welfare Act of 2000
📌 Explanation: R.A. 8972 grants benefits and leave privileges to solo parents to support
them in balancing work and family.
3. A mining company forced workers to retire at 50.
✅ Answer: A. R.A. 10757 – Retirement Age for Surface Mine Workers
📌 Explanation: R.A. 10757 allows mine workers to retire at 50 due to hazardous
working conditions.
4. A managerial employee was dismissed for loss of trust with due process.
✅ Answer: B. Reyes-Rayel vs. Philippine Luen Thai Holdings (2012)
📌 Explanation: This case recognized that managerial employees may be dismissed for
loss of trust, provided due process is observed.
5. Employer deducted wages as a condition for retention.
✅ Answer: B. Article 117 – No deductions for employment retention
📌 Explanation: Article 117 prohibits employers from deducting wages as a condition for
continued employment.
6. A female employee experienced domestic violence.
✅ Answer: B. R.A. 9262 – Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of
2004
📌 Explanation: R.A. 9262 provides protection and remedies for women and children
against violence.
7. Wages were paid monthly instead of more frequently.
✅ Answer: B. Article 103 – Wages must be paid at least once every two weeks
📌 Explanation: Article 103 mandates that wages be paid at least every two weeks, or
twice a month.
8. Pedro was hired as an independent contractor.
✅ Answer: A. Article 107 – Application to independent contractors
📌 Explanation: Article 107 regulates labor-only contracting and independent contracting
arrangements.
9. A labor dispute was filed in Manila though the employee works in Davao.
✅ Answer: A. R.A. 10741 – Strengthening the Operations of the NLRC
📌 Explanation: R.A. 10741 requires labor cases to be filed in the NLRC branch nearest
the workplace.
10. A pregnant employee requested leave beyond 105 days.
✅ Answer: B. R.A. 11210 – Expanded Maternity Leave Law
📌 Explanation: R.A. 11210 grants 105 days of maternity leave with options for
extension.
11. A father requested leave after wife’s miscarriage.
✅ Answer: B. R.A. 8187 – Paternity Leave Act of 1996
📌 Explanation: R.A. 8187 provides 7 days of paternity leave, including cases of
miscarriage.
12. Employer refused to share service charges with employees.
✅ Answer: A. R.A. 11360 – Service Charge Law
📌 Explanation: R.A. 11360 mandates that 100% of service charges go to rank-and-file
employees.
13. A female worker was paid less than a male counterpart.
✅ Answer: B. R.A. 6725 – Anti-Sex Discrimination Act (Women)
📌 Explanation: R.A. 6725 prohibits wage discrimination on the basis of sex.
14. A union filed an unfair labor practice case.
✅ Answer: A. R.A. 6715 – Herrera Law
📌 Explanation: R.A. 6715 strengthens labor rights and protects unions from unfair labor
practices.
15. A seafarer was charged 15% as lawyer’s fees.
✅ Answer: A. R.A. 10706 – Seafarers Protection Act
📌 Explanation: R.A. 10706 limits legal fees for seafarers to 10%.
16. Company failed to comply with OSH standards.
✅ Answer: A. R.A. 11058 – Occupational Safety and Health Act
📌 Explanation: R.A. 11058 enforces safety and health standards in the workplace.
17. A female employee was denied promotion due to gender.
✅ Answer: A. R.A. 9710 – Magna Carta of Women
📌 Explanation: R.A. 9710 promotes women’s rights and equal opportunities.
18. Employer reduced employee benefits citing cost-cutting.
✅ Answer: A. Article 100 – Prohibition of elimination or diminution of benefits
📌 Explanation: Article 100 prohibits employers from reducing benefits already enjoyed
by employees.
19. Employee argued doubts should favor labor.
✅ Answer: A. Article 4 – All doubts resolved in favor of labor
📌 Explanation: Article 4 requires that all doubts in labor cases be resolved in favor of
labor.
20. Wages not paid at worksite but in a distant office.
✅ Answer: A. Article 104 – Wage must be paid at or near the place of undertaking
📌 Explanation: Article 104 requires wages to be paid at or near the place of
employment.
21. A private employee was terminated without just cause.
✅ Answer: A. Article 282 – Termination of private employees
📌 Explanation: Article 282 provides the grounds for termination of private employees
for just cause.
22. Employee dismissed due to unbearable work conditions.
✅ Answer: A. Diwa Asia Publishing vs. De Leon (2018)
📌 Explanation: This case established constructive dismissal when working conditions
become intolerable.
23. Contracting without providing bond equal to labor cost.
✅ Answer: A. Article 108 – Employer bond requirement
📌 Explanation: Article 108 requires a bond equal to the cost of labor when contracting
out services.
24. Employer actions waived written contract terms.
✅ Answer: A. F.F. Cruz & Co. vs. HR Construction Corp. (2012)
📌 Explanation: This case held that employer actions may constitute waiver of contract
provisions.
25. Applicant was rejected solely due to age (55 years old).
✅ Answer: A. R.A. 10911 – Anti-Age Discrimination in Employment Act
📌 Explanation: R.A. 10911 prohibits age-based discrimination in hiring and employment
practices.
