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CORDILLERA CAREER DEVELOPMENT COLLEGE

College of Law
Buyagan, La Trinidad, Benguet
Subject: Land Titles and Deeds
Law: 215, No. of Units: 3

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LABOR LAW STANDARDS AND

SOCIAL LEGISLATION
For 1st Semester Subject
Submitted to the College of Law

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CORDILLERA CAREER DEVELOPMENT COLLEGE

College of Law
Buyagan, La Trinidad, Benguet
Atty. James F. Kiat-ong
Subject: LABOR LAW STANDARDS
Law: 215, No. of Units: 3, Rm. D323

I. Description and Objective: Law Standard Laws and Social Legislation as a subject in the college
of law is Part one of LABOR LAW while LABOR RELATIONS law is part two. Labor Standard Laws dwells into
the study of the basic principles of labor law including the constitutional provisions affecting labor law. It
however centers into the provisions of labor standards as provided by the labor code of the Philippines
with their corollary issued on Social Security System aims to enhance the welfare of the employee vis a vis
the right of the employer.

The subject also includes provisions relating to hiring, placement and termination of workers
whether abroad or locally that is the reason why some provisions in the Labor Code of the Philippines bans
direct hiring.

ALL STUDENTS ARE OBLIGED TO READ AND DIGEST THE RELATED CASE/JURISPRUDENCE AND
ALWAYS READY FOR RECITATION WHICH WILL FORM PART OF CLASS STANDING.

II. OUTLINE (Hours of Lecture and Discussion)

NO. OF TOPICS Laws and Jurisprudence Activity

HOURS
3 hours I. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES Lecture on
AFFECTING LABOR backgrounds of
the subject
A. Constitutional Provisions and related laws Sanchez vs. Harry Lyons - matter the
affecting labor employer stands on higher footing than laws governing
1. Art II, Secs. 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 18, 20. the subject and
the employee. First, there is greater
2.. Art III, Secs. 1, 4, 8. giving of cases
3. Art. XIII, Secs. 1, 2, 3, 14. supply than demand for labor. Second, for reading and
the need for employment by labor comes for digest.
B. New Civil Code from vital and even desperate necessity. Using
1. Article 1700-1712 -“In all contractual property or other synchronous of
relations, when one of the parties is at a distant
2. Article 24 disadvantage on account of his moral learning
dependence, ignorance, indigence,
mental weakness, tender age or other
handicap, the courts must be vigilant for
his protection.”

C. Labor Code
1. Article 3 - The State shall afford
protection to labor, promote full
employment, ensure equal work
opportunities regardless of sex, race or
creed and regulate the relations between
workers and employers. The State shall
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assure the rights of workers to self-

organization, collective bargaining,
security of tenure, and just and humane
conditions of work.
2. Article 4 – All doubts in the
implementation and interpretation of the
provisions of this Code, including its
implementing rules and regulations shall
be resolved in favor of labor.
3. Article 211
4. Article 212
5. Article 255
B. RECRUITMENT AND
PLACEMENT
1. Recruitment of Local and Migrant
Workers
A. Recruitment and placement; defined
B. Illegal Recruitment, Art. 38 (Local),
Sec. 6, Migrant
Workers Act, RA 8042
1) License vs. Authority
(2) Essential elements of illegal
recruitment
(3) Simple illegal recruitment
(4) Illegal recruitment in large scale
(5) Illegal recruitment as economic
sabotage
(6) Illegal Recruitment vs. Estafa
(7) Liabilities
(a) local employment agency
(b) foreign employer
i. Theory of imputed knowledge
Calalang vs. Williams on Social Justice
Cases on ER-EE Relationship
1. Ramy Gallego vs. Bayer
Philippines, Inc., et. al. G.R. No.
179807, July 31, 2009
2.  Miguela Santuyo, et al.
vs.  Remerco Garments
Manufacturing, Inc. and/or
Victoria Reyes
GR No. 174420; March 22, 2010
3. Masonic Contractor Inc. vs
Madjos, Tiamzon and Rapadas
G.R. No. 185094, November 25,
2009
ILLEGAL RECRUITMENT
a. People vs. Balagan and Avila, G.R.
No. 183099, February 3, 2010
b. People vs. MaritessMartinez y
Dulay, G.R. No. 158627, March 5, 2010
c. LNS international Manpower
Services vs. Armando Padua, Jr. G.R. No.
179792, March 5, 2010
d. People vs. Melissa Chua, G.R.
No. 184058, March 10, 2010

8) Pretermination of contract of
migrant worker
c. Direct hiring
2. Regulation and Enforcement
a. Remittance of foreign exchange
earnings
b. Prohibited activities
c. Regulatory and visitorial powers
of the Labor Secretary
d. Penalties for illegal recruitment

3 hours C. LABOR STANDARDS a. COCA-COLA BOTTLERS PHILIPPINES, INC., Lecture,

PETITIONER, VS. ILOILO COCA-COLA PLANT
1. Hours of Work EMPLOYEES LABOR UNION (ICCPELU), AS
recitation and
quiz
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a. Coverage/Exclusions REPRESENTED BY WILFREDO L. AGUIRRE,

RESPONDENT. G.R. No. 195297, December
b. Normal Hours of Work 05, 2018 
(a) Exceptions b. A. NATE CASKET MAKER AND/OR
(i) Health Personnel ARMANDO AND ANELY NATE,
ii) Compressed Work Week PETITIONERS, VS. ELIAS V. ARANGO,
EDWIN M. MAPUSAO, JORGE C. CARIÑO,
d. Work interruption due to JERMIE MAPUSAO, WILSON A. NATE,
brownouts EDGAR A. NATE, MICHAEL A. MONTALES,
e. Meal Break CELSO A. NATE, BENJES A. LLONA AND
f. Idle time, waiting time, ALLAN A. MONTALES, RESPONDENTS.
G.R. No. 192282, October 05, 2016
commuting time, travel
time, whether part of hours of work or c. MANILA TRADING & SUPPLY
not CO., Petitioner, v. MANILA TRADING LABOR
g. Overtime work ASSOCIATION, Respondent. G.R. No. L-
5062. April 29, 1953
(i) Undertime not offset by
overtime d. BASELIDES MARCELO, JUANITO BOLANO,
(ii) Waiver of overtime pay EXEQUIEL NAJE, FELIX SAN MATEO, PASCUAL
ANDRADE, MARCIANO FERROLINO, ISIDRO
h. Night Work BONGAY, ANTOLIN BALUBAR, IRINEO
i. CBA provision vis-à-vis MARQUEZ, JOSE T. RICO, ULPIANO GUTLAY
and ESTEBAN MADERA, plaintiffs-appellants,
overtime work vs. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS and its
Board of Governors, defendants-appellees. G.R.
No. L-9448             May 23, 1957
2. Wages
a. “No work no pay” principle
b. Coverage/Exclusions
c. Facilities vs supplements
d. Wages vs. salaries
e. Wage distortion
f. CBA vis-à-vis Wage Orders – CBA
creditability
g. Non-diminution of benefits
h. Worker’s preference in case of
bankruptcy
i. Labor Code provisions for wage
protection
j. Allowable deductions without
employee’s consent
k. Attorney’s fees and union service
fee in labor cases

l. Criteria/Factors for Wage Setting

3. Rest Day
a. Right to weekly rest day
b. Preference of the employee
c. When work on rest day authorized

4. Holidays

a. Right to holiday pay

(1) In case of absences
(2) In case of temporary cessation of
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work
(3) Of teachers, piece workers,
seafarers,
seasonal workers, etc.
b. Exclusions from coverage
3 HOURS Leaves Lecture,
a. Service Incentive Leave Pay Recitation and
(1) Right to service incentive leave quiz
(2) Exclusions from coverage
(3) Commutable nature of benefit
b. Maternity Leave
(1) Coverage
(2) Conditions to entitlement
(3) Availment
c. Paternity Leave
(1) Coverage
(2) Conditions to entitlement
(3) Availment
d. Parental Leave
(1) Coverage
(2) Conditions to entitlement
(3) Availment
e. Leaves for victims of violence
against women
(1) Coverage
(2) Conditions to entitlement
(3) Availment
6. Service Charges
a. Coverage
b. Exclusion
c. Distribution
d. Integration
7. Thirteenth (13th) Month Pay and Lectures and
other bonuses Recitation
Coverage
Exclusion/Exemptions from coverage
Nature of 13th month pay
Commissions vis-à-vis 13th month pay
CBA vis-à-vis 13th month pay
8. Women Workers
a. Discrimination (Art. 135, LC)
b. Stipulation against marriage (Art.
136, LC)
c. Prohibited Acts (Art. 137, LC)
d. Classification of certain women
workers (Art. 138, LC)
e. Anti-Sexual Harassment Act (RA
7877)

3 hours 9. Minor Workers (RA 7678, RA 9231) Quiz on topics

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a. Regulation of working hours of a already

child finished
b. Employment of the child in public
Lecture
entertainment
c. Prohibition of employing minors in and Recitation
certain undertakings
and in certain advertisements
10. Employment of Househelpers
a. Definition
b. Benefits accorded househelpers
c. Termination
d. Reliefs for unjust termination
11. Employment of Homeworkers
a. Definition
b. Rights and benefits accorded
homeworkers
c. Conditions for deduction from
homewoker’s earnings
12. Apprentices and Learners
a. Distinctions between Learnership
and Apprenticeship
13. Handicapped Workers (RA 7277)
a. Definition of “handicapped workers”
b. Rights of disabled workers
c. Prohibitions on discrimination
against disable persons
d. Incentives for employers

3 hours D. TERMINATION OF APPEALS Lecture and

EMPLOYMENT
1. Employer-Employee Relationship
a. Four-fold Test
b. Probationary Employment
c. Kinds of Employment
(1) Regular employment
(a) Reasonable connection rule
Recitation
 1. Del Rosario vs. Philippine Journalists,
Inc.  G.R. No. 181516, August 19,
2009         
2. WPP Marketing Communications, Inc.,
et al. vs. Jocelyn M. Galera
GR No. 169207; March 25, 2010 
Jocelyn M. Galera vs. WPP Marketing
Communications, Inc., et al.
GR No. 169239; March 25, 2010

(2) Project employment
(a) Indicators of project employment
(3) Seasonal employment
(4) Casual employment
3. Regular EE-
Philippine Long Distance Telephone
Company vs. Rizalina Raut, et. al.
G.R. No. 174209, August 25, 2009
4. Locsin vs. PLDT, GR No. 185251, October
2, 2009
5. Masonic Contractor Inc. vs Madjos,
Tiamzon and Rapadas, G.R. No.
185094, November 25, 2009
6. Gomez vs PNOC, G.R. No.
174044, November 27, 2009
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(5) Fixed term employment
(a) Requisites for validity
d. Job contracting and Labor-only
contracting
(1) When is there “job contracting”?
(2) When is there “labor-only
contracting”?
(3) Conditions that must concur in
legitimate job contracting
(4) Effects of finding that there is
labor-only contracting
3 Hours 2. Termination of Employment
a. Substantive Due Process
(a) Just Causes
(a) Serious misconduct or willful
disobedience
i. Requisites
(b) Gross and habitual neglect of duties
i. Requisites
(c) Fraud or willful breach of trust (loss e.
of trust
and confidence)
i. Requisites
(d) Abandonment of employment;
Elements that must concur
(e) Termination of employment
7. PROJECT EMPLOYEES-
William Uy Construction vs. Trinidad
G.R. No. 183250, March 10, 2010
8. Joeb Aliviado, et al. vs. Procter &
Gamble Philippines, Inc., et al.
G.R. No. 160506, March 9, 2010          
9. Coca-Cola Bottlers Phils., Inc., vs.
Agito, Oca III, Alariao, Jr., Ong, Arvin,
Francisco, and Golez
G.R. No. 179546, February 13, 2009
10. Coca-cola Bottlers Philippines vs.
Ricky Dela Cruz, et. al.
G.R. No. 184977, December 7, 2009
JUST AND AUTHORIZED CAUSES Lecture,
FRAUD AND LOSS OF CONFIDENCE recitation and
quiz
a. Eric dela Cruz and Raul Lacuata vs.
Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc., G.
R. No. 180465, July 31, 2009
b. Eats-Cetera Food Services vs. Letran,
GR No. 179507, October 2, 2009
c. Bibiana Farms and Mills v. Arturo
Lado, G.R. No. 157861, February 2,
2010
d. Philippine Journalists, Inc. vs. NLRC,
G.R. No. 187120, February 16, 2010
White Diamond Trading Corporation
and/or Jerry Uy and Jessie Uy vs.
NLRC, Norlito Escoto, Mary Grace
Pastoril and Maria Myrna Omela, GR
No. 186019; March 29, 2010
ILLEGAL DISMISSAL BASED ON
ALLEGATIONS OF ABANDONMENT
a. Mantle Trading Services, Inc., et. al. vs.
NLRC, et. Al. G.R. No. 166705, July 28,
2009
b. Eagle Star Security Services vs.
Bonifacio Mirando, G.R. No. 179512, July
30, 2009
c. Faeldonia vs. Tong Yak Groceries, GR
No. 182499, October 2, 2009
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pursuant to a Union Security Clause d. Baron Republic Theatrical vs. Peralta,

GR No. 170525, October 2, 2009
(f) Totality of infractions doctrine e. Cobarrubias vs. Saint Louis University,
G.R. No. 176717, March 17, 2010
(b) Authorized Causes f. Diversified Security vs. Bautista, G.R.
No. 152234, April 15, 2010
i. ILLEGAL DISMISSAL BASED ON
ALLEGATIONS OF ILLEGAL DISMISSAL BASED ON
DISHONESTY/FRAUD/BREACH ALLEGATIONS OF
OF TRUST/ LOSS OF DISHONESTY/FRAUD/BREACH OF
CONFIDENCE  TRUST/ LOSS OF CONFIDENCE 
a. Abelardo Abel vs. Philex Mining
Corporation, G. R. No. 178976,
July 31, 2009
b. Henlin Panay Company vs. NLRC,
G.R. No. 180718, Oct.23, 2009
c. St. Luke’s Medical Center vs.
Fadrigo, G.R. No. 185933,
November 25, 2009
d. Sargasso Construction and
Development Corp. vs. NLRC,
G.R. No. 164118 , February 9,
2010

ILLEGAL DISMISSAL BASED ON

ALLEGATIONS OF GROSS AND HABITUAL
NEGLECT OF DUTIES
a. Kulas Ideas & Creations vs. Juliet
Alcoseba, et. al., G.R. No. 180123,
February 18, 2010
ILLEGAL DISMISSAL BASED ON
ALLEGATIONS OF SERIOUS
MISCONDUCT 
a. Philippine Long Distance
Telephone Company vs Berbano,
Jr., G.R. No. 165199, November
27, 2009
b.  Blazer Car Marketing, Inc. &
Freddie Chua vs. Spouses Tomas
T. Bulauan, et al., G.R. No.
(a) Redundancy, 181483, March 9, 2010
(b) Retrenchment and
(c) Closure ILLEGAL DISMISSAL BASED ON ALLEGED
VIOLATION OF CLOSED-SHOP
i. Procedural steps required AGREEMENT 

ii. Requirements for valid a. General Milling Corporation

retrenchment/redundancy vs.  Ernesto Casio, et al., G.R. No. 149552,
iii. Criteria in selecting March 10, 2010
employees for dismissal b. Blazer Car Marketing, Inc. & Freddie
iv. Standards to be followed Chua vs. Spouses Tomas T. Bulauan, et
9|Page
(b) Disease or illness
i. Requisites
B. Procedural Due Process
(1) Procedure to be observed in
termination cases
(2) Guiding Principles in
connection with the hearing
requirements in dismissal cases
(c) Agabon doctrine
ILLEGAL DISMISSAL
c. Reliefs for illegal dismissal
(1) Reinstatement aspect
a. Cabigting vs San Miguel Foods,
Inc., G.R. No. 167706, November
5, 2009
b. Pangilinan vs. Wellmade
Manufacturing Corp., G.R. No.
187005, April 7, 2010
c. NPC vs. Olandesca, G.R. No.
171434, April 23, 2010
(a) Immediately executory
i. Actual reinstatement
ii. Payroll reinstatement
(2) Separation pay in lieu of
Reinstatement
(a) Strained Relation rule
(3) Backwages
(a) Components of the amount of
backwages
BACKWAGES/SEPARATION PAY
a. Daniel P. Javellana, Jr. vs. Albino
Belen / Albino Belen vs. Daniel P.  RETRENCHMENT
al., G.R. No. 181483, March 9, 2010
c. General Milling Corporation
vs.  Ernesto Casio, et al., G.R. No. 149552,
March 10, 2010
CLOSURE OF BUSINESS 
a. Carmen Dy-Dumalasa vs. Domingo
Fernandez, G.R. No. 178760, July 23,
2009
SERIOUS/GRAVE/GROSS MISCONDUCT
a. Ester Maralit vs. Philippine
National Bank, G. R. No. 163788, August
24, 2009
b. Superlines Transportation
Company, Inc. vs. Pinera, G.R. No.
188742, Oct. 13, 2009
c. Jose, Jr. vs Michaelmar Phils., Inc.,
G.R. No. 169606, November 27, 2009
d. Wilfredo Baron vs. NLRC, G.R. No.
182299, February 22, 2010
e. Caltex vs. Agad, G.R. 162017,
APRIL 23, 2010 
GROSS NEGLIGENCE/GROSS AND
HABITUAL NEGLECT OF DUTY
a. Estacio and Manliclic vs. Pampanga I
Electric Coop., G.R. No. 183196, August
19, 2009
b. Llamas vs. Ocean Gateway &
Management, Inc.,G.R. No. 179293,
August 14, 2009
ILLEGAL DISMISSAL BASED ON
ALLEGATIONS
OF  RETRENCHMENT/REDUNDANCY
a. Bio Quest Marketing vs. Edmund Rey,
G.R. No. 181503, September 18, 2009
b. SMC vs. Teodosio, GR No. 163033,
October 2, 2009
c. Virgilio Anabe vs. Asian Construction
(Asiakonstruckt), SMC vs. Teodosio, GR
No. 163033, October 2, 2009, G.R. No.
183233,  December 23, 2009
d. Metro Construction, Inc. vs. Aman,
G.R. No. 168324 , Oct. 12, 2009
e. Farley Fulache vs. ABS-CBN
Broadcasting, G.R. No. 183810, January
21, 2010
 
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Javellana, Jr. and Javellana farms,
 G.R. No. 181913, G.R. No.
182158, March 5, 2010
b.
(4) Constructive dismissal
(5) Preventive Suspension
(6) Quitclaims
a. Goodrich Manufacturing Corp. v.
Emerlina Ativo, et. al., G.R. No. 188002,
February 1, 2010
(7) Termination of employment by
employee
3 hours PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS
The manner by which an employee is
being disciplined by the employer
a. Tala vs. NLRC, G. R. 1755040,  April 6,
2010
REDUNDANCY
b. Lowe, Inc. vs. CA and Mutuc ,              
G.R. Nos. 164813 & 174590, August 14,
2009
c. De Lecciones vs. NLRC, NNA
Philippines Co., Inc. et. al., G.R. No.
184735, September 17, 2009
ILLEGAL DISMISSAL and CONSTRUCTIVE
DISMISSAL
a. Payno vs. Orizon Trading Corp /
Orata Trading, G.R. No. 175345, August
19, 2009
b.  Martinez vs. B&B Fish Broker, G.R.
No. 179985, September 18, 2009
c. Pilapil vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 178229, Oct.
23, 2009
d. Merck Sharp and Dohme
(Philippines) vs Robles, Gonito and
Cristobal, Pilapil vs. NLRC, G.R. No.
178229, Oct. 23, 2009, G.R. No.
176506, November 25, 2009
e. Philippine Veterans Bank vs. NLRC
and Benigno Martinez, GR No. 188882;
March 30, 2010
f. Manolo Peñaflor vs. Outdoor Clothing
Manufacturing Corp., G.R. No. 177114,
April 13, 2010
g. Peñaflor vs. Outdoor Clothing
Manufacturing Corp., G.R. No. 
177114,  April 13, 2011
a. Placido and Caragay vs. NLRC, Lecture,
G.R. No. 180888, September 18, recitation and
2009 quiz
b. Celebes Japan Foods Corp vs.
Yermo, GR No. 175855, October
2, 2009
c. CRC Agricultural Trading, et. al.
vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 177664,
December 23, 2009
d. Hilton Heavy Equipment v.
Ananias Dy, G.R. No. 164860,
February 2, 2010
e.  Rolando Ancheta vs. Destiny
Financial Plans, Inc., G.R. No.
179702, February 16, 2010
f. Genesis Transport Service, Inc. vs.
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Unyon ng Malayang Manggagawa

ng Genesis Transport (UMMGT)
G.R. No. 182114, April 5, 2010
g. Technol Eight Philippines Corp.
vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 187605, April
13, 2010
3 hours JURISDICTION a. Jethro Intelligence and Yakult Phils. Lecture
vs. SOLE, Garcia, et. al., G.R. No. recitation and
172537, August 14, 2009   quiz
b. Halagueña vs. Philippine Airlines
Inc., G.R. No. 172013, Oct. 2, 2009
c.  Leslie Okol vs. Slimmers World
International, G.R. No. 160146,
December 11, 2009
d. Ronila Sorreda vs. Cambri DGE
Electronics Corp., G.R. No. 172927,
February 11, 2010
e. Hugo, et. al. vs. LRTA, GR. 181866,
March 18, 2010
f.  Miguela Santuyo, et al.
vs.  Remerco Garments
Manufacturing, Inc. and/or Victoria
Reyes, GR No. 174420; March 22,
2010

a. Del Rosario vs. Philippine

APPEALS
3 Hours 3. Retirement Pay Law
a. Coverage
b. Exclusions from coverage
c. Components of retirement pay
d. Retirement pay under RA 7641 vis-
à-vis retirement benefits
under SSS and GSIS laws
Journalists, Inc. , G.R. no. 181516,
August 19, 2009 
b.   Republic Cement Corp. vs.
Guinmapang, G.R. No. 16891,
August 24, 2009
c.    Hilario Ramirez vs. Court of
Appeals, G.R. No. 182626,
December 4, 2009
d. Juanito Tabigue vs. International
Copra Export Corp., G.R. No.
183335, December 23, 2009
e. Mindanao Times Corp. vs.
Mitchel Confessor, G.R. No.
183417, February 5, 2010      
Republic Act No. 7641, December 9, Lecture
1992 recitation
R.A. 8282
R.A.11199

3 Hours E. MANAGEMENT OUTSOURCING Lecture and

PREROGATIVE 1. Temic Automotic Philippines vs. Recitation
1. Discipline Temic Automotive Philipppines
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2. Transfer of employees Employees Union-FFW, G.R. No. 186965,

3. Productivity standard
4. Grant of Bonus
5. Change of working hours
6. Marital discrimination
7. Post-employment ban
8. Limitations in its exercise
December 23, 2009
MANAGEMENT PREROGATIVE 
2. Aguanza vs. Asian Terminal, Inc., G.R.
No. 163505, August 14, 2009   
3.     Malayan Employees Association, et.
al.  vs. Malayan Insurance Company, G.R.
No. 181357, February 2, 2010
4.      Jimmy Areno, Jr. vs.  Sky Cable PCC –
Baguio, G.R. No. 180302, February 5,
2010
5. Pantoja vs. Sca Hygiene Products, G.R.
163554,    April 23, 2010
6

3 Hours SOCIAL LEGISLATION Quiz, Lectures

1. SSS Law (RA 8282) as amended and Recitation
a. Coverage
b. Exclusions from coverage
c. Benefits
d. Beneficiaries
2. GSIS (RA 8291)
a. Coverage
b. Exclusions from coverage
c. Benefits
d. Beneficiaries
3. Limited Portability Law (RA 7699)
4. Employee’s Compensation –
Coverage and when
compensable

3 hours exam