LOGGING TOOLS: QUICK REFERENCE

06/05/2012 12:21

LOGGING TOOLS: QUICK REFERENCE

Openhole logs, logging tools, and what they measure
Generic name of log: Type of tool: When run: Purpose: Induction Resistivity Primary log in fresh or oil-base mud where invasion is shallow

Measures formation resistivity, R

Limitations: Often combined with: Operating principle: Curves recorded: Generic name of log: Type of tool: When run: Purpose:

Behaves badly in salt muds and/or large boreholes and in formation with high resistivities Porosity tools 20 kHz coil induces current in formation Deep induction, conductivity, shallow-focused electric log SP and/or GR Dual induction Resistivity Primary log in fresh mud where invasion is moderate or deep

Measures formation resistivity, R

Limitations: Often combined with: Operating principle: Curves recorded: Generic name of log: Type of tool: When run: Purpose: Limitations: Often combined with: Operating principle: Curves recorded: Generic name of log:
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Behaves badly in salt muds and/or large boreholes Porosity tools 20 kHz coil induces current in formation Deep induction, medium induction, shallow-focused electric log SP and/or GR Dual laterolog Resistivity Openhole Measures formation resistivity Works best in salt muds. Cannot be used in oil-base muds Porosity tools Horizontal bean of current sent to formation Laterolog deep, laterolog shallow, microfocused electric log Microlog
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LOGGING TOOLS: QUICK REFERENCE

06/05/2012 12:21

Type of tool: When run: Purpose: Limitations: Often combined with: Operating principle: Curves recorded: Generic name of log: Type of tool: When run: Purpose: Limitations: Often combined with: Operating principle: Curves recorded:

Microresistivity Openhole Sand count, permeability indication, invaded-zone resistivity Rxo Water-base muds required Other microresistivity devices Measures two shallow investigation resistivities Micro (normal), micro (inverse or lateral) Compensated density Radioactivity/porosity Openhole, primary porosity device Measures porosity, indication of lithology Requires smooth borehole wall Other porosity and/or resistivity tools Gamma rays from source scatter in formation

Bulk density,

,correction,

apparent porosity,

(for selected lithology)

Generic name of log: Type of tool: When run: Purpose: Limitations: Often combined with: Operating principle: Curves recorded:

Compensated neutron Radioactivity/porosity Open or cased hole Measures porosity/lithology Requires liquid-filled hole Other porosity and/or resistivity tools Fast neutrons thermalized by hydrogen atoms in formation

(for selected lithology), GR, etc.

Generic name of log: Type of tool: When run:

Acoustic Sonic/porosity Openhole

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LOGGING TOOLS: QUICK REFERENCE

06/05/2012 12:21

Purpose: Limitations:

Measures porosity, lithology Some hole size limitations depending on value of formation

Often combined with: Operating principle:

Other porosity and/or resistivity tools Measures travel time of compressional waves in formation. If wave trains are recorded, the travel time of shear waves in the formation can also be deduced. , wave train

Curves recorded:

Generic name of log: Type of tool: When run: Purpose: Limitations: Often combined with: Operating principle: Curves recorded: Generic name of log: Type of tool: When run: Purpose: Limitations: Often combined with: Operating principle: Curves recorded: Generic name of log: Type of tool: When run: Purpose: Limitations:

Gamma ray Radioactivity/lithology Open or cased hole Sand/shale discriminator None Any and all open-and cased-hole tools Scintillation detector measures natural formation gamma ray activity GR Gamma ray spectral log Radioactivity/lithology Open or cased hole Measures K, U, and Th concentrations in formation Slow logging speed Neutron/density Gamma ray energy spectrum characterizes source of gamma rays Total counts, uranium, potassium, and thorium Dipmeter Resistivity correlation/orientation Openhole Measures formation dip, detects fractures Does not perform well in oil-base muds

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LOGGING TOOLS: QUICK REFERENCE

06/05/2012 12:21

Often combined with: Operating principle: Curves recorded: Generic name of log: Type of tool: When run: Purpose: Limitations: Often combined with: Operating principle: Curves recorded: Generic name of log: Type of tool: When run: Purpose:

SP, GR 4, 6, or 8 independent pad electrodes record correlation curves Hole deviation, azimuth of Pad 1, relative bearing, correlation, caliper Sidewall sampler Percussion core cutter Openhole Retrieves samples of the formation Limited number of cores (typically 30 or 60) per trip in hole SP for depth control Explosive charge propels hollow cylinder into formation SP, only for depth control; recovery report F-overlay Quick-look log analysis Openhole

Generates R

o curve

Limitations: Often generated with: Operating principle:

Works best in clean formations of constant lithology Density log or neutron/density when run with deep induction or deep laterolog

If R

o < Rt then Sw < 100 o curve

Curves recorded:

F or rescaled as an R

Generic name of log:

Rwa Quick-look log analysis Openhole

Type of tool: When run: Purpose:

Distinguishes water-and oil-bearing rocks, finds R

Limitations:

Needs careful attention to detail in gas-bearing formations and/or shales, depending on porosity tool used Sonic, porosity/resistivity combination tools

Often generated with: Operating principle:

Apparent porosity and R combined to give apparent water resistivity

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LOGGING TOOLS: QUICK REFERENCE

06/05/2012 12:21

Curves recorded:

Rwa

Generic name of log:

Rxo/R versus SP Quick-look log analysis Openhole, fresh muds Hydrocarbon indicator Requires an SP log. Used primarily when no porosity tool is available Induction log Scaled RxoRxo/Rt ratio compared to SP Rxo/Rt, SP

Type of tool: When run: Purpose: Limitations: Often generated with: Operating principle:

Curves recorded:

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