American History Final Study Guide Ch 1-3 Age of Exploration led to accidental discovery of America Industrial Revo Eng

ng switches from agriculture to industry; textiles; from crops to sheep Puritans members = saints; harsh intolerable tst; Plymouth; baptized as adults; first public schools; meeting halls; Unhappy Puritans to Rhode Island, Conn, and NHamp Eng wants to colonize America bc: 1)dump surplus pop 2)raw materials 3) stop Span exp Champlain explores America for 16 years; keeps journal Virginia tobacco then grain; biggest coony end servants (beneficial bc 1) Am has labor force 2) poor get to come to Am 3)end loses surplus pop) House of Burgesses like House of Reps; Council like Senate only wealthy, friends with gov Maryland only Catholic; George Calvert; gave up bc Protestants outnumber Bacons Rebellion began as sm Indian war, then civil revolt against wealthy Ch 4 - 5 Stuart Dynasty - Navigation Acts first laws from end to get control of colonies no trade with Dutch -appoint royal govs for all colonies Restoration colonies- colonies made after civil war in end with monarchy restored Carolinas proprietorship; rice = profitable plantation crop; richest colony; royal charter Stono Reb- Slave reb in Carolina = slave codes Florida Spanish; haven for outlaws, Ind, and reb slaves Pennsylvania William Penn; Quakers radical, poor, didnt believe in war Glorious Revo peaceful overthrow of Stuarts 1)reestab leg gov 2)rel freedom for protestants 3)british emp = by allegiance, not force King William/Queen Anne Indians wars in Am Georgia Pinal colony; grows when bans on alcohol and slavery are lifted Middle colonies = bread colonies Eng wanted to make money off colonies Great Awakening grow closer to rel after diphtheria outbreak New Light new style of preaching Slaves converted to Christianity = greater rel toleration among Protestants Fr/Ind War = over Upper Ohio River Valley; GWash and Fort Necessity; Eng will pay for war bc fighting France; Result probs dev btw Am and Eng that lead to revo = after = 1)eng has huge debt2)care for huge new emp 3) indian war building again Indians = 1)lost land to settlers 2)eng traders (replaced Fr) cheat 3)end stopped giving gifts/bribes Grenville Acts 1)sugar act not new; tax on sugar; writ - search warrant 2)Stamp act stamp on all printed material internal tax 3)Quartering Act house in urban areas Patrick Henry taxation without representation Stamp Act Congress only mtg Am organized = Decl of Rights and Grievances want to tax ourselves Loyal nine and Sons of Liberty organize riots against Eng Townshend Acts tax on lead paper glass and tea

Tea Act not new; help East India Trading Co monopoly Intolerable/Coercive Acts 1)closed Bostons Harbor 2)martial law in MTs 3)Quartering act 4)Quebec Act keeps French neutral Olive Branch Petition from Am to Eng; proclaim loyalty but demand cause fire, rights of eng.men and repeal int acts; rejected bc Bunker Hill Bunker Hill first big battle of revo Thomas Paine Common Sense Ch 6-7 Revo first civil war; tories; Washington British = powerful and org gov, bigger pop, best navy America = home ground, size of country, our cause, strategy B. of Saratoga = turning point, France joins our side B. of Mammoth draw; last big battle in the North B. of Yorktown deciding, last battle Treaty of Paris = 1)get indep 2)MS Riv is W boundary 3)gave up claims to Canada 4)FL to Spain Poor land sales bc 1) Indians 2) British in W Forts 3)Span took right of deposit in New Orleans Annapolis convention interstate trade tax btw states Federalists like strong fed gov; Antifed scared of it and against James Madison suggests population Great Compromise Senate all have 2; House population 3/5 Comp = count 3 out of 5 slaves as person Mechanics skilled craftsmen War bonds who has bond gets paid BUS Adams wants bc 1)gov banking bus 2)print fed paper money 3) control over eco 4)control little state banks - Jefferson opposes bc 1)unconstitutional 2)unfair rich only Treaty of Greenville Indians give up Ohio River Valley 1796 Election first contested; Adams vs TJ; Adams wins Alien Sedition Acts 1)live 6-14 yrs in Am before voting rights 2)gov can deport any dangerous alien 3) gov can jail govs critics Ch 8- 9 Marbury vs Madison judicial reviews right of court to decide if law is constitutional B. of Trafalgar naval; Eng beat combined fleet = Eng ships available to join blockade against Am Orders of Council legalizes British blockade Embargo Act no trade with Europe Macons Bill #2 demand Euro recognize our trade; France will obey in Eng does; No B. of Tippecanoe Harrison vs Tecumseh, burn Indian town = starts big Indian war War of 1812 = 1) violations of trade 2)nationalism 3)Indian wars 4)exp to Canada 5)impressment Horseshoe Bend Jackson and Houston Treaty of Ghent ends war; war = pointless bc nothing said about blockades/trading; war = draw

Hartford Convention Federalist = disloyal and collapse Results of war 1)fed party ruined 2)Ind driven back for good 3)great spirit of natl 4)proved our gov will Work American System to pull country together; Henry Clay; 1)high prot tariff 2)bank 3)internal imp Missouri Compromise 1)Mo slave st 2)Maine = free state 3)no slavery north of 36 parallel Interchangeable parts Eli Whitney Ch 10-12 Corrupt bargain political alliance of Adams and Clay Political machine Jackson from vanBuren success story, common man Cherokee Nation vs Georgia 1)Ind arent citizens 2) Ind arent foreigners 3) no rights cant sue Worchester vs Georgia State laws dont apply to Indians; only federal SCarolina Exp Calhoon 1)argued for states rights 2)argued laws that benefit one part of the country but hurts another is unconstitutional 3) proposed nullification Webster Hayne Debates- avoids possible political union with S and W Force Bill president has power to enforce federal laws Election of 1832 bank; Clay and Biddle vs Jackson; vetoed in name of the common people Specie Circular fed gov ownt accept inflated paper money for land; just gold/silver Mormons Joseph Smith starts; then Young; to Utah Garrison and Lovejoy = controversial papers; John Brown devotes life to antislave cause Nat Turners Reb worst slave reb, killed owner = killed antislave movement in South Planter 20/+ slaves; 75%of cotton; great planter = 100/+ Farmer yeomen; few slaves; grew food for plantations South = education not important; seemed unprogressive Task System Assigned job, done for day when job done Ch 13 Texas; land grant impresario April 6th law no more land grants; wardogs are mad Travis and Bowie = leaders or wardogs in San Antonio B. of San Jacinto deciding battle of TXs War for Indep Election of 1844 Polk dark horse candidate; manifest destiny right to take N Am land Polk Oregon, TX, CA, and low tariff in one term MX War- Zachary Taylor vs Herrera; occupy CA and capture MS City Guadalupe Hidalgo 1)ended MX War 2)pay $15 mil for CA 3)pay MS War debt to TX 4)Rio Grande = southern border of TX North control of House of Reps, so South needed at least a balance in Senate Ch 14 Fire-eaters extremists in south Compromise of 1850 Clay; North = 1)CA = free state 2) no DC slave trade 3)W TX = N MX territory free South = 1)slavery continues in DC 2)stricter fug slave laws 3)pop sovereignty in new territories

Stephen Douglas passes Comp piece by piece Douglas proposes KS/NB Act to get RR from Chicago; adds pop sov and repeals MO Comp = 1)Whig party destroyed 2)Dem = divided 3)Civil war in KS 4)slave issue reopened Native Am Party know nothings John Brown raids KS = Pottawatomie Massacre; Raiders from KS to MO= Jayhawks Dred Scott Dec Taney- 1)slaves not citizens; cant sue 2)MO Comp = unconst bc protects personal prop 3)Congress have no power to regulate salvery Lincoln Douglass Debates cong elections famous enough to get nomination; over salvery Harpers Ferry John Brown; to free slaves Lincoln - 1)for high tariff 2)for int imp 3)land for immigrants 4)against Dred Scott dec 5)ag. KS/NB 6)ag. expansion of slavery -when elected in 1860, south secedes Ch 15 North all physical advantages Enrollment Act first draft; Dem hate; easy to get out of North Anaconda Plan 1)blockade S 2)cut S in half 3)capture Richmond South wants to drag out B. of Pea Bridge N gets control of MO Second Bull Run Lose faith in Pope; Jackson and Longstreet win Emancipation Proc after draw at Antietam = any state resisting union abolish slavery =fighting to abolish moral evil of slavery; total war Contrabands runaway slaves B. of Chancellorsville Jacksons famous left hook; Lees most brilliant battle; Hooker defeated B. of Gettysburg turning point; Meade strengthens middle Sherman capt Altanta; march to Savannah GA Petersburg Grant breaks thru and Lee surrenders at Appomattox Lincoln reelected bc capt Atlanta