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Philippine Politics and Governance
ATURE
,
I N I N S,TYPE
AND CONSEQUENCES
OBJECTIVE
At the end of this lesson,the students should be able
to: 1.Define power;
2.ldentify the nature,types,and consequences of power;
3.E xp
in th e nature,dimensions,types,and consequences of
po er
; an d
4.Explain how power is exercised in different situations.
A GLIMPSE BACK 4
Answer the following:
1.What political ideology in your society(or in general)do you like most?
2.In one sentence,describe that ideology.
3.Why do you like this certain ideology?
4.What political ideology (or in general)do you like?
5.Why do you not like this certain ideology?What aspect of this
ideology do you dislike?
TEST YOUR STOCK KNOWLEDGE
Determine the situations where there is a clear use of power as
defined in political science.Check those statements that present a
clear use of power and put an X mark on those that do not
present a clear use of power.
1.Your mother asks you to buy flour in the bakery.
2.Agnes tries to escape a building on fire by breaking
the windows using her ukulele.
3.The teacher asks the class to return immediately
the classroom globe to its proper scale.
业
Type of Power
01-Defining Power
02-Power as Thought Control
03-Type of Power
04-Consequences of Power
Defining Power
Power in its broadest sense,as stated by
Heywood(2007)is the ability to achieve a desired
outcome and is sometimes seen as the "power to"
S ometh i ng.
do
·He further ex
plained that in the context
of politics and governance,power is usually thought
of as a relationship:the ability to influence the
behaviour of others or having "power over"people
and the ability to punish or reward.
·Power is the capability to control and influence
people's behavior as well as the capability to dire(
2 the paths and result of events (Oxford University
Press,2015)
·It can be perceived as good or bad,just or unjust,
and its exercise is accepted and acknowledged since
the beginning of time.
·Power may be expressed as Upward,where the
leader or superior influences the members or
subordinates;or it may be expressed as Downward,
where the members or subordinates influence the
decisions of their leader or superior (Bukowski
Rajagopalan,2000)
POWER MAY BE USED THROUGH:
1.INFLUENCE -the power to change or affect someone or
something;
-the power to cause changes without directly forcing them to
happen;and
-a person or thing that affects someone or something in
an important way.
2.AUTHORITY LEGITIMACY
Authority is the power to give orders or
make decisions;the power or right to direct
or control someone or something.(Merriam-
Webster,Incorporated,2015)
Legitimacy means conformity to the law
or to rules.It is the acceptance of the
government by the governed because they
belleve that their leaders have the right
exercise power and authority over
Legitimacy is a product of power.
2.SOVEREIGNTY
Sovereignty is the highest
exercise of political power;it is
the supreme (and possibly
unlimited power)and ultimate
authority that cannot be overruled
by a higher
power.
Sovereignty is exercised by
government
(Waluchow,2014)
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CV )
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1.ONE-DIMENSIONAL VIEW OF POWEE
-the issue method.
-focuses only on behavior in decision making
which are apparent in observable situations like in
making decisions on issues over which there are
conflicting interests of the parties involved.
-Often,these can be observed through political
participation and action.
山
2.TWO-DIMENSIONAL VIEW OF POWE
-Setting the agenda.
-A person or group has power when that
person or group consciously or
unconsciously creates or reinforces barriers
to the public
airing of policy conflict.
-Determining the agenda is an important
source of power
3.THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIEW OF POWE
-manipulating the view of others.
-It is the set of ways in which the powerful
transforms the powerless in such a way that
the latter behaves as the former
wishes,even
without coerced.
-This is what Lukes termed as "power
of domination.”
业
Dimensions or Faces of Power
According to Heywood(2007),the following
are the various ways how power.is exercised by
members of society.These are called dimensions or
faces of power:Power as Decision-Making,Power as
Agenda Setting and Power as Thought Control.
Power as Decision-Making
This face of power consists of conscious
actions that in some way influence the content of
decisions.identifying who has power is done by
analysing decisions in the light of the known
preferences of the actors in society are those whose
opinion are considered and upheld in the decision
making.The powerful are able to get what they want
and make others beheve the way they wanted then to.
According to Boulding(1989)as cited by Heywood
(2007).decisions can be influenced in a variety of ways
distinguished.
between the use force or intimidation(the stick),
productive exchanges involving mutual gain (the
deal),and the creation of obligations,loyalty andcommitment (the
kiss).
Power as Agenda Setting
The second face of power as further
discussed by Heywood (2007)is the ability to prevent
decisions being made:that is,in effect,'non-decision-
making'.This according to him involves the ability to
set or control the political agenda,thereby
preventing issues or proposals from being aired in the
first place.
Power as Agenda Setting
The second face of power as further
discussed by Heywood (2007)is the ability to prevent
decisions being made:that is,in effect,'non-decision-
making'.This according to him involves the ability to
set or control the political agenda,thereby
preventing issues or proposals from being aired in the
first place.
Power as Thought Control
The third face of power,still according to
Heywood (2007)is the ability to influence another
by shaping what he or she thinks,wants,or
is power expressed as ideological indoctrination
psychological control.In political life,the exercise
the from of power is seen in the use of
and,more generally,
in the impact of ideology which you learned
from Module2.
