CHNG TRNH GII BI TON TAM GIC:

Yu cu bi ton t ra : - Nhp(input): + Nhng yu t bit di dng gi tr c th hay bin, mi lin h gia cc yu t di dng phng trnh. + Loi tam gic (tam gic thng, tam gic vung, tam gic cn, tam gic u). + Vn cn tnh (problem): mt hay vi yu t no cn tm. - Xut (output): Gi tr ca cc yu t cn tnh (Li gii nu cn). Thu thp tri thc: Tri thc (CSTT) y gm : - Cc khi nim v cc yu t trong tam gic: Khi nim v im, cc cnh A,B,C; gc A,B,C, din tch S, chu vi P/2, ng cao ha,hb,hc, bn knh ng trn ngoi tip R, - Cc cng thc, nh lut, nh l hay mi lin h gia cc yu t tam gic. y ta thu thp tri thc theo loi tam gic: Tam gic thng: Ta c cc cng thc sau: A + B + C = 180 a + b + c = 2*p S = (a*ha)/2 a/sinA = b/sinB =c/sinC = 2R a^2 = b^2 + c^2 2*b*c*cos(A) b^2 = a^2 + c^2 2*a*c*cos(B) c^2 = a^2 + b^2 2*a*b*cos(C)

 Tam gic vung: - Trng hp tam gic vung ti A: A = pi/2 B + C = 90 a = b / sin B = c / sin C = 2R a + b + c = 2*p S = (b*c)/2 a^2 = b^2 + c^2 - Trng hp tam gic vung ti B,C : tng t. Tam gic cn: - Xt trng hp tam gic cn ti A: B=C A + 2*B = A + 2*C = 180 b=c a + 2*b = a + 2*c = 2*p a^2 = 2*b^2 2*b^2*cos(A) = 2*c^2 2*c^2*cos(A). - Trng hp tam gic cn ti B,C : tng t. Tam gic u : A = B = C = 60 a=b=c 3*a = 3*b = 3*c = 2*p S=( / 4) * a^2 = ( / 4) * b^2 = ( / 4) * c^2

 Biu din tri thc nh th no?? Ta dng cc m hnh biu din tri thc c hc nh: Mng suy din, logic v t, h lut dn bi ny tri thc c th c biu din tri thc theo m hnhh lut dn: M hnh ca h lut dn : l mt cu trc gm 2 thnh phn (Facts,Rules) - Facts: Gm cc pht biu 1 trong 4 dng sau: + Cho bit mt yu t nhng khng quan tm n gi tr ca n. + Cho bit mt yu t v cung cp lun gi tr cho yu t . + Quan h gia cc yu t di dng phng trnh. + Tnh cht ca tam gic(tam gic thng, vung, cn, u). - Rules: Gm lut dn c dng : if <GT> then <KL> GT,KL : l mt tp cc s kin (Facts). Biu din nh sau: Facts = { a,b,c ,A,B,C,S,p,R ,ha, hb, hc } () Rules = R1 R2 R3 R4

R1:{ biu din cc lut ca tam gic thng} R2:{ biu din cc lut ca tam gic vung} R3:{ biu din cc lut ca tam gic cn }. R4:{ biu din cc lut ca tam gic u }. - R1 = { r1: {a,b,c} => {p} r2: {a,b,c,p} => {S}

r3: {A,B} => {C} r4: {a,S} => {ha} r5: {a,b,c} => {A} r6: {b,c,A} => {a} r7: {a,A} => {R} }//(Tam gic thng)

- R2 = { r1: {B} =>{C} r2: {a,b} => {B} r3: {b,c} => {a} r4: {a} => {R} r5: {Nu A = pi/2 v b = c th B = C = pi/4} }//Tam gic vung (ti A)

- R3 = { r1: {A} => {B} r2: {C} => {A} r3: {b,A} => {a} r4: {c,A} => {a} r5: {Nu B = C th b = c} r6: {Nu b = c v B = pi/3 th A = B = C = pi/3}

}//Tam gic cn (Ti A)

- R4 = { r1: {a} => {S} r2: {a} => {p} }//(Tam gic u)

T chc d liu trn my tnh: tin li cho cc thao tc (thm, sa, xa..) trn c s tri thc mt cch n gin, nhanh chng m khng tc ng nhiu n chng trnh ci t th nn lu tr di dng file TEXT. Gm 5 file txt (1 file lu s kin v 4 file lu lut) : - File 1 lu cc khi nim v cc yu t trong tam gic: + Tn file: Fact.txt + Cu trc: Begin A: gc A trong tam gic a: cnh a trong tam gic S: din tch tam gic P/2: chu vi tam gic End - File 2 lu cc cng thc trong tam gic thng : + Tn file: Rule1_thuong.txt

+ Cu trc: Begin A B -> C : tng 3 gc trong 1 tam gic = 180 a b c -> p: cng thc tnh chu vi theo 3 cnh trong tam gic a ha -> S: cng thc tnh din tch theo cnh v ng cao tng ng. a A -> R : tnh BK TNT theo cnh v gc tng ng. End

- File 3 lu cc cng thc trong tam gic vung (vung ti A) + Tn file: Rule2_vuong.txt + Cu trc: Begin b -> c a b -> B b c -> a : nh l Pitago a -> R b=c A=pi/2 -> B=C=pi/4 : trong tam gic vung cn. End - File 4 lu cc cng thc trong tam gic cn(cn ti A) + Tn file: Rule3_can.txt + Cu trc:

Begin A -> B b A -> a B=C -> b=c b=c B=pi/3 -> A b=c B=pi/3 -> B b=c B=pi/3 -> C End - File 5 lu cc cng thc trong tam gic cn(cn ti A) + Tn file: Rule4_deu.txt + Cu trc: Begin a -> S a -> p End