Citing of References

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Citing Of References
Book Example Book Chapter Example Electronic Journal Article Example Journal Example Thesis or Dissertation Example Conference Paper Example Item in an Email Discussion List WWW Document Example

This is a guide to issues about referencing which often cause some puzzlement. It concentrates on the Harvard System which is the preferred method within GSB for citing references in your assignments and project. What does 'referencing' mean and why do I need to do this in my work? References to particular books or articles are required if you draw upon another author's ideas in your assignments or if you make a direct quote. Important reasons for referencing are: to acknowledge other people's ideas to show that you are not just giving your own opinions but are also including other people's to illustrate a point or offer support for an argument you wish to make to enable readers of your work to find the source material. Failure to give credit to other people's work appropriately could be considered as plagarism. What is plagiarism? Plagiarism is to 'take and use the thoughts, writings, inventions, etc of another person as one's own'. (Concise Oxford Dictionary, 1995). Plagiarism involves a blatant and deliberate attempt to pass off someone else's ideas as your own, or to copy sections or chunks of text from another's work without attempting to put these ideas into your own words or acknowledge the sources. Plagiarism is a form of theft and the university regards it as an extremely serious offence (refer to your course handbook). What details are required for a reference?

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Citing of References
Author, Initials (year) Title. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: name of publisher

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Johnson, G and Scholes K. (1999) Exploring Corporate Strategy. 5th ed. London: Prentice Hall Europe. Author, Initials (year) Title of article. Title of Journal. Volume number (part number). Date of issue. First and last pages. Porter, M.E. (1996) What is Strategy? Harvard Business Review. Vol. 74 No. 6. pp. 61-78. Author, Initials (year) Title of Paper, in, Editor. Title of Conference proceedings. Place of publication: publisher. page numbers. Beal, T. and Reid, C. (1987) BOJIE: Books on Japan in English: a pc-based bibliographic database, in. International Conference on Japanese Information in Science, Technology and Commerce. London: British Library Japanese Information Service. pp. 39-1-39-7. Author, Initials (year) Title of chapter, in, Editor. Title of book. Place of publication: publisher. page numbers. Osterman, P. (1991) Impact of IT on Jobs and Skills, in, Scott Morton, M.S. (ed.) The Corporation of the 1990s: information technology and organisational transformation. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. pp. 220 243. Author, Initials (year) Title of thesis. Type of thesis, Awarding institution. pages Aitkenhead, I. (1995) Multimedia Defined: a study of its effectiveness as a tool for management learning. Unpublished Master of Business Administration project, University of Strathclyde. p.45-46 Author, Initials (year) Subject line. Name of discussion list. Date of posting. Availability online: address of list Reid, C. (2000) Information Systems. Business-Information-All. 15th October. Available online: Business-Information-All@ mailbase.ac.uk. Author, Initials (year) Article title. Journal title. volume (if given) pages (if given) [WWW] location of document (date accessed) Maccoll, J. (1996) Information strategies get down to business, in, Ariadne issue 6, November 1996 [WWW] htttp:// www.ukoln.ac.uk/ariadne/issue6/ cover/ (27th January 1997) Author, Initials (year) Document title [WWW] location of document (date accessed) Yeates, R. (1996) NewsAgent for libraries: overview. [WWW] http://www.sbu.ac.uk/litc/ newsagent/overview.html (20th January 1996)

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Citing of References

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Incorporating References and Quotations into Assignments In the Harvard System you must always give the author(s) and the year of publication of your source. References can be incorporated into the text in a variety of ways. Some examples: In an investigation conducted in large factories, Gibbs (1993) reported that absenteeism was higher on the night shift than the day. In an investigation conducted in large factories, it has been reported that absenteeism was higher on the night shift than the day (Gibbs, 1993). Research undertaken by Porter (1993) indicates that..... Should you make a direct quote, you must also include the page number. For example, Halal states that "stakeholder collaboration is now the key to creating economic wealth". (Halal 2000, p15) With a longer quote it is generally preferable to indent the quote and make it clear: "To make such complex relationships work, a new breed of manager is needed who can inspire stakeholders, share responsibility for the enterprise, listen carefully to different points of view, and build bridges between conflicting interests." (Halal 2000, p16) What is the difference between a list of references and a bibliography? A list of references should contain details of any item you have referred to or quoted in your assignment. A bibliography is a list of items you have made use of in preparing your assignment, but not necessarily referred to in the text. Finally Remember to: keep a careful note of all your sources as you prepare your assignments and project make a note of book details before you return your library books make sure you have all the details you require on any photocopies you make The above may all seem like a tedious chore but it will save you work in the long run. CD Reid, Sept 2000

14, Last updated by BIS Staff : September 14, 2009

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