PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
ASSIGNMENT 1
Subject: Physics for Wave and Motion
Subject Code: 03019201BS02
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Properties of Materials & LASER
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)
1. Mention the process under which an electron jumps from a higher energy state
to a lower energy state by the influence of an incident photon
A. induced emission
B. stimulated emission
C. simple emission
D. spontaneous emission
2. Which effect is the reverse of the Seebeck effect?
A. Thomson effect
B. Joule-Thomson effect
C. Peltier effect
D. None of the above
3. What is the lifetime of electron in a metastable state?
A. 10 sec
B. 10-1 sec
C. 10-8 sec
D. 10-3 sec
4. In the population inversion
A. The number of atoms in the higher energy state is more than in the ground state
B. The number of atoms in the lower energy state is more than higher energy state
C. The number of atoms in the higher and lower energy states are same
D. The lower energy state is empty
5. The restoring force per unit area perpendicular to the surface is called
A. Longitudinal stress
B. Tangential stress
C. Normal stress
D. Tensile stress
6. The restoring force per unit area parallel to the surface is called
A. Longitudinal stress
B. Tangential stress
C. Normal stress
D. None of above
7. The active medium of Nd:YAG laser is:
A. Neodymium gas
B. Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet
C. Neodymium crystal
D. Yttrium Aluminum Oxide
8. The typical wavelength of Nd:YAG laser is:
A. 532 nm
B. 694 nm
C. 1064 nm
D. 1550 nm
9. In CO₂ lasers, the primary lasing transition occurs between:
A. Rotational states of CO₂
B. Vibrational states of CO₂
C. Electronic states of CO₂
D. Ionization states of CO₂
10. Semiconductor lasers are also known as:
A. Injection lasers
B. Diode lasers
C. Both A and B
D. None of these
11. Which one of the following has the highest power output among the three lasers?
A. Nd:YAG laser
B. CO₂ laser
C. Semiconductor laser
D. Ruby laser
12. In the Thomson effect, heat can be absorbed or produced in different sections of a
wire when:
A. A temperature difference exists between two dissimilar wires.
B. A current is passed through the wire, and there is a non-uniform temperature along its
length.
C. Heat is exchanged between the hot and cold junctions of a thermocouple.
D. A gas expands through a porous plug.
13. Hooke’s law states that:
A. Stress is inversely proportional to strain
B. Stress is directly proportional to strain within the elastic limit
C. Strain is independent of stress
D. Stress is proportional to the square of strain
14. The Seebeck effect describes:
A. Heat absorption or evolution at a junction when current flows.
B. Temperature difference between two dissimilar conductors creating a voltage.
C. Heat absorption or evolution in a single material with a temperature gradient.
D. The ability of a gas to change temperature when expanded.
15.When a material is subjected to tensile stress, its length increases and its width:
A. Increases
B. Remains unchanged
C. Decreases
D. Depends on the specific material
QUESTIONS (Descriptive)
1. What do you mean by laser? What are the important requirements for lasing action?
2. Discuss the important properties of laser beam which differentiates it from ordinary light.
3. (a) Explain the term ‘absorption’, ‘spontaneous’ and ‘stimulated’ emission of radiation.
(b) Obtain a relation between transition probabilities of spontaneous and stimulated emission.
Hence derive Einstein’s relations.
4. What is meant by population inversion and how is it achieved in practice?
5. (a) Why is it impossible to have lasing action in a two-level system for visible
light frequencies?
(b) Describe the main advantages of having a four-level laser scheme over a three-level one.
6. Describe the various applications of laser?
7. Explain the working of carbon-dioxide laser.
8. What is Nd: YAG laser and explain its working principle?
9. Explain the construction and working of diode laser.
10. How does a semiconductor laser differ from other lasers? Explain the main advantages
of the semiconductor diode laser.
11. Define elasticity and explain the reason for elastic property.
12. Explain the restoring force and deforming force of a body.
13. Write any three differences between stress and pressure.
14. What are the three possible modes of heat transfer? Give examples.
15. Write the formula of the specific heat of a solid obtained from Einstein’s and Debye’s
theory.
16. Mention factors affecting the thermal conductivity of materials.
17. Define: Stress, Strain, Elastic body, Plastic body
18. State the Wideman-Franz law and establish the relation between thermal conductivity and
electrical conductivity.
19. Explain the stress and strain curve and define all the terms involved in the graph.
20. What do you understand by phonon? Explain the types of phonon.
NUMERICALS
1. A green laser has a wavelength of 532 nm. The broadening of the laser beam is 1 pm.
Find the coherence length and coherence time of the laser.
2. The rates of stimulated and spontaneous emission are equal at room temperature (300
K). Find the wavelength of radiation.
3. Determine the ratio of rates of stimulated to spontaneous emission for green light (532 nm)
at (a) room temperature (300 K), and (b) 1 million K. Comment on your result.
4. Find the diameter of an 18 m long steel wire that will stretch no more than 9 mm when a
load of 3800 N is hung on the end of the wire. The Young’s Modulus for steel wire is 2.0
x 1011 N/m².
5. The elastic limit of steel is 5.0 x 108 N/m2, find the minimum diameter a steel wire
which can support a 700 N weight without exceeding its elastic limit.
