Physical Education: Meaning & Concept, Definitions, Scope, Importance.

1.Meaning & Concept: Education & Physical Education.

•Education is the process of getting new experiences,
•Education is the process of gaining knowledge,
•Education is the process of acquiring skills, & values
•Education is a process of teaching & learning, to improve competencies & holistic
development of learner, through formal & informal methods.
i- by listening & reading ii.by expressing & writing
Concept of Education:
Education is both a process and a product:
•As a process, it involves principles of teaching, training, and guidance.
•As a product, it results in knowledge, behavior change, enhance competence, &
social maturity. It can be classified as:
•Formal Education – Structured learning in institutions (schools, colleges).
•Informal Education – Learning from daily experiences, family, society.
•Non-formal Education – Skill development through courses, training, etc.
Key Characteristics of education:
•Lifelong Process Continues from birth to death. child, Adult, Maturity, Adolescence.
•Holistic Development Aims at physical, mental, emotional, & social development.
•Value-Based – Teaches ethics, morality, and civic responsibility.
•Purposeful and Planned – Organized with specific objectives.
•Transformational – Brings positive change in attitude and behavior.
Educational Aims: holistic/all-round development of learner through
•Strengthen Personal growth and self-realization (parameters of growth?)
•Refine Intellectual and emotional development
•Preparation for a career or profession
•Boost Social and civic responsibility
•Cultural and moral refinement
Values of Education phy.int, soc.& emo.
Knowledge & Understanding: To Promotes intellectual growth & critical thinking.
- Encourages curiosity, inquiry, and lifelong learning.
Personal Development: To Builds self-confidence, awareness, & control emotion.
- Fosters character traits like discipline, resilience, and responsibility.
Social and Moral Values: Develops empathy, tolerance, and respect for others.
- Encourages ethical decision-making and a sense of justice.
Equality and Inclusion: Ensures welfare of each individual & access to learning for
all, regardless of background. Promotes fairness & reduces social & economic gaps.
Civic Responsibility: Prepares learners to be active, responsible citizens.
Encourages participation in community and democratic processes.
Creativity and Innovation: Inspires original thinking & problem-solving.
- Encourages adaptation to change & innovation in various fields.
Cultural Awareness: Promotes appreciation of diversity and global perspectives.
Strengthens identity and heritage while respecting others.
To conclude Edu. plays a vital role in all-round/balance personality development by:
1.Building Confidence: by Encouraging self-expression & self-belief.
2. Supporting Physical & Mental Well-being
3.Nurture Critical Thinking: Encouraging analysis, evaluation, & problem-solving.
4. Promote control Emotion: Teaching self-awareness, empathy & social skills.
5.Encouraging Creativity: Providing opportunities for innovation & self-expression.
6.Developing Leadership qualities : Encouraging initiative, responsibility, & teamwork.
7.Inculcating Values & Ethics: Teaching moral, integrity, & social responsibility.
8.Enhancing Adaptability: Preparing individuals for ever-changing world.
9. Encouraging healthy habits & stress management. Use of leisure time wisely.
10.Fostering Global Citizenship: Encouraging cultural awareness,
11. Improve Communication Skills: helping in verbal & non-verbal communication.
12.Key Communication Skills:
Verbal Communication: Express your feelings.
Listening Skills: Active listening, Giving attention to speaker, Avoiding interruptions
Non-Verbal Communication: Body language (posture, gestures), Eye contact, expressions
Written Communication: Clear writing style, Proper grammar, spelling, & punctuation
Visual Communication: Use of images, charts, infographics, Presenting data visually
Empathy: Understand others' feelings & perspectives. Respond with care & consideration
Feedback Skills: Giving criticism, Receiving feedback gracefully, Using feedback to
improve Public Speaking, Confidence, Interpersonal Skills
Stages of learning: Stages of Learning in Physical Education, based on well-
established motor learning theory (commonly divided into three stages: Cognitive,
Associative, and Autonomous):
1. Cognitive Stage (Understanding and Discovery)
•Learner is introduced to the skill for the first time.
•Focus is on understanding what to do & why it is done.
•Performance is often inconsistent & error-prone.
•Requires high concentration & mental effort.
•Learner benefits from demonstrations, clear instructions, & quick feedback.
•Movements are usually slow & uncoordinated.
2. Associative Stage (Practice and Refinement)
•Learner starts to refine the skill through practice.
•Errors become less frequent and more correctable.
•Movements are more coordinated and controlled.
•Learner starts to focus on how to perform the skill more efficiently.
•Practice should be repetitive but progressively challenging.
•External feedback is still important but internal feedback (self-correction) begins to
develop.
3. Autonomous Stage (Automatic & Efficient Performance)
•Skill performance becomes automatic with little conscious thought.
•Movements are accurate, efficient, & consistent.
•Performer can adapt the skill to different situations easily.
•Attention can be directed to strategy and tactics rather than mechanics.
•Minimal external feedback is required.
•Ideal for high-level athletes or advanced learners.
Types of Education: There are three main types of education, namely,
Formal: Formal education or formal learning usually takes place in the premises of
the school, where a person may learn basic, academic, or trade skills.,
Informal: Informal education is when you are not studying in a school and do not use
any learning method. In this type of education, conscious efforts are not involved. It
is neither pre-planned nor deliberate. It may be learned at some marketplace, hotel
or at home.
Non-formal. Non-formal education includes adult basic education, adult literacy
education or school equivalency preparation In nonformal education, someone (not
in school) can learn literacy, other basic skills or job skills
Contribution of Education for Holistic Development
Education plays key role in shaping an individual’s overall personality and preparing
them for life.
Holistic development refers to the development of intellectual, emotional, social,
physical, artistic, creative, & spiritual potentials. key contributions of education
toward holistic development are:
1. Intellectual Development
Enhances critical thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving skills.
Encourages curiosity, creativity, and a love for lifelong learning.
Develops cognitive abilities necessary for academic and career success.
2. Emotional Development
Promotes emotional intelligence, self-awareness, and empathy.
Teaches students how to manage stress, anxiety, and emotions effectively.
Encourages resilience and positive self-concept.
3. Social Development
Fosters communication, collaboration, & leadership skills.
Helps build values like respect, tolerance, and teamwork.
Encourages responsible citizenship and social responsibility.
4. Physical Development
Emphasizes the importance of health, fitness, and physical education.
Develops motor skills, body awareness, and coordination.
Encourages habits for a healthy lifestyle.
5. Moral and Ethical Development: Inculcates values like honesty, integrity, and
responsibility. Helps to understand the importance of ethics in personal &
professional life. Builds a strong moral compass to guide decision-making.
6. Spiritual and Cultural Development
Encourages appreciation of one’s own culture and respect for others'.
Supports self-reflection and exploration of purpose and meaning.
Builds a sense of belonging and identity.
7. Creative and Aesthetic Development
Encourages artistic expression through music, arts, dance, and drama.
Develops innovation, imagination, and appreciation for beauty.
Provides opportunities to think outside the box and explore new ideas.
Different competencies needed for holistic development depends upon:
Cognitive Critical & Analytical thinking, Problem-solving, Decision-making. Creativity.
Emotional Self-awareness, Emotional regulation, Empathy, Effective communication,
Social Teamwork, Leadership, Collaboration, Adaptability, Cultural
Physical Physical fitness, health & skill related, Gross & Fine motor skills
Moral Integrity, Ethics, Values clarification, Social responsibility, kindness.
Aesthetic Creativity, Imagination, Appreciation, Self-expression, Originality/attractive
 Spiritual Self-reflection, Mindfulness, Inner peace, Connection to something larger,
Practical Time management, Organize, Goal-setting, Resourcefulness, Resilience
These competencies are interconnected & interdependent & developing these can
lead to a more holistic and balanced individual. Role in Education: PE is an integral
part of the overall educational process, contributing to the holistic development of
students.
To sum-up the Concept of Education
Education is a powerful tool for holistic development, which goes beyond academic
learning to nurture all aspects of a learner’s personality and supports to become
responsible members of society,
Aim of Education:
The primary aim of education is the holistic development of individuals
intellectually, morally, socially, emotionally, & physically, to enable learners to
contribute meaningfully to society & lead fulfilling lives.
Objectives of Education:
Intellectual Development: use of different tools & techniques such as:
To develop thought process, -critical thinking, & -problem-solving abilities.
To encourage -curiosity, -creativity, and -lifelong learning.
Moral and Ethical Development: use of different means & methods such as:
To instill values such as honesty, respect, responsibility, and empathy.
To develop a sense of right and wrong and ethical decision-making.
Social Development use of different ways and means
To promote cooperation, communication, and interpersonal skills.
To prepare individuals for responsible citizenship & community participation.
Emotional Development use of different procedure such as:
To help learners understand and manage their emotions.
To build resilience, confidence, and self-awareness.
Physical Development focus on natural growth and development
To encourage health, fitness, & physical well-being.
To develop motor skills and body coordination.
Vocational and Career Preparation through
To equip students with skills for employment and self-reliance.
To help learners identify and pursue their career interests.
Cultural and Aesthetic Development
To appreciate and respect one’s own culture and those of others.
To foster creativity and appreciation of art, music, and literature.
Environmental Awareness
To promote understanding of environmental issues and sustainable living.
To encourage active participation in protecting the environment.

Meaning of Physical Education(PE):

•Physical Education refers as an integral part of general education process, through
movements/activity for holistic development of learner.
•Other word the education through physical activities/movement for the development
of total personality of learner.
•Physical Education (PE) refers to the planned, progressive learning that takes place
through physical activity/movement as the main tools for learning.
PE Aims to achieve Aims & Objectives of education through:
•Holistic Growth: focus on physical, mental, emotional, social, & spiritual growth. •Builds
character & values: Instills discipline, ethics, responsibility, & empathy.
•Add to intellectual abilities: Nurtures creativity, critical thinking, problem-solving.
•Fosters emotional intelligence: helps to manage emotions & build resilience.
•Inspire cultural awareness: appreciation for arts, traditions, & global perspectives.
•Prepares for lifelong learning: cultivates curiosity, adaptability, & a growth mindset.
•Improves social skills– promotes teamwork, communication, cooperation, & respect.
•Empowers responsible citizenship: inspires active participation & nation-building.
•Develops wellness: Encourages phy. edu., sports, & healthy habits.
Physical wellness: Caring for your body to stay healthy now and in the future
Intellectual wellness: Growing intellectually & responding positively to challenges
Emotional wellness: know & respect feelings, values, & attitudes of self & others
Social wellness: Maintaining healthy relationships, caring about others.
Spiritual wellness: Finding purpose, value, & meaning in your life .
Vocational wellness Preparing for & participating in work for personal satisfaction
Financial wellness: Managing your resources to live within your means.
Environmental built environments affect health & well-being
Means of Physical Education: The tools, resources, & forms used for PE.
•Physical Activities: Sports, games, athletics, dance, gymnastics, yoga.
•Exercise & Training
•Aerobic Exercises
•Strength and Resistance Exercises
•Motor Skill Development Activities
•Skill-Based Sports Drills
•Team-building & Cooperative Games
•Recreational Activities: Outdoor pursuits, hiking, swimming, cycling.
•Rhythmic Activities: Music and movement, folk dances, aerobic dance.
•Corrective Exercises: For posture physical deformities improvement
•Relaxation Techniques: Breathing exercises, meditation, mindfulness.
•Play and Games: Age-appropriate informal & formal games
•Fitness Testing Tools: Tools to assess different competencies
•Facilities & Equipment: Gyms, playgrounds, sports gear and kits.
Methods of Physical Education: The approaches used to teach content of PE:
•Command Method: Instructor-led; used for discipline and uniformity.
•Practice Method: Repetition of skills for mastery.
•Reciprocal Method: Peer teaching and feedback-based learning.
•Task/Station Method: Learners rotate through activity stations.
•Problem-Solving Method: Encourage thinking & decision-making
•Cooperative Method: Team-based tasks to build group dynamics & leadership.
•Play Way Method: Learning through structured play and fun activities.
•Programmed Instruction: Use of sequenced, self-paced learning modules.
•Discovery Method: Explore & learn movement through personal experience.
•Technology-Assisted Method: Use for training and analysis.
Key focus on :
•Physical development: Improves overall fitness., Physical Development
•Improves Overall Fitness: Enhances fitness & functional capacity.
•Promotes Growth & Motor Development: Supports healthy bone & muscle growth,
especially during childhood and adolescence.
•Develops Fundamental Motor Skills: Refines basic skills such as running, jumping,
throwing, and catching.
•Enhances Posture and Body Awareness: Encourages proper body alignment and
understanding of body mechanics.
What is Ideal body Posture:
1. Head Alignment: Head is level and not tilted forward, backward, or sideways Ears
aligned over the shoulders
2. Shoulder Position: Shoulders are level and relaxed, not elevated or rounded
Scapulae (shoulder blades) lie flat against the back
3. Spinal Curves Natural curves of the spine are maintained (cervical lordosis,
thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis) Spine is not overly curved or flattened
4. Pelvic Alignment Pelvis is in a neutral position (not tilted excessively forward or
backward) Hips level from side to side
5. Knee Position Knees are straight but not locked. Aligned vertically with hips and
ankles
6. Foot Placement: Feet are shoulder-width apart. Arches are supported and weight
is evenly distributed
7. Body Symmetry: Both sides of the body mirror each other. No lateral tilt or twist
8. Balanced Muscle Tension: Muscles are neither too tight nor too lax. Proper
coordination between flexors and extensors
9. Efficient Breathing: Chest and diaphragm have freedom to expand. No
compression that restricts respiration
10. Minimal Strain: Body maintains position with minimal energy expenditure. No
excessive strain on joints or muscles
The Traditional & Modern Concepts of Physical Education in India
i. Traditional Concept of Physical Education: The traditional concept focused mainly
on •Develop physical fitness, •Military preparedness, &
Key Features of Physical Education in Traditional Concept are:
•Emphasis on Physical Fitness: The main goal was to build fitness
•Military Training: Activities like Marching, Combat Sports , Archery, and Weapon
Training were common, especially in ancient societies.
•Discipline & Obedience: Used as a tool to instill discipline, order, & obedience.
•Limited Scientific Basis and learner centered: Little or no integration of scientific
principles like physiology or psychology.
•Cultural and Religious Roots: Physical activities often had links to rituals, festivals,
and cultural norms (e.g., yoga in India, gymnastics in Greece).
Attempt has been made Various Ways are used to Develop the Traditional Concept
of Physical Education such as:
•Revival of Indigenous Activities: Promote traditional games like kabaddi, kho-kho,
mallakhamb, archery, Martial arts etc.
•Integration with Culture and Values : Link physical activities with moral, spiritual, and
cultural education (yoga, Martial arts, combat sports).
•Use of Gurukul-like System: Encourage guru-shishya model emphasizing holistic
training.
•Daily Physical Training: Adopt traditional daily routines including exercises like
Danda-Baithak, Surya Namaskar, etc.
•Promotion of Folk and Martial Arts: Include activities like lathi-Kathi, wrestling
(kushti), kalari, phari gadga and other regional practices.
•Community Participation: Organize festivals and physical competitions at local
levels to encourage traditional participation.
•Simple Equipment and Natural Settings: Encourage the use of minimal and natural
equipment like mud pits, ropes, sticks, etc.
•Storytelling and Oral Tradition: Use epics and stories from mythology to inspire
youth and instill physical virtues.
Means to Develop the Traditional Concept of Physical Education:
1. Curriculum Inclusion: Incorporate traditional games and exercises into the school
PE curriculum.
2. Training of Teachers in Traditional Methods: Conduct workshops for PE teachers
to learn and teach traditional practices.
3. Establish Traditional Sports Clubs: Create community-based centers for training in
indigenous sports and activities.
4. Government & NGO Support: Leverage schemes and programs that fund and
promote traditional physical education.
5. Research & Documentation: Document history & benefits of traditional practices
for knowledge sharing & awareness.
6. Integration with Yoga and Ayurveda: Combine physical education with traditional
health systems for holistic wellness.
7. Camps and Demonstrations: Host regular camps, exhibitions, and live
demonstrations of traditional practices.
8. Indian knowledge system: Traditional sports & games included in the Indian
Knowledge System (IKS), based on indigenous practices, ancient texts, & cultural
traditions. These games reflect physical, mental, & strategic skills, & many are still
practiced today.
Traditional Physical education activity
1. Malla-Yuddha – Traditional wrestling, often practiced in akharas
2. Vajra-musti – Martial art using a knuckleduster-like weapon
3. Kusti / Pehlwani – Indian style of wrestling
4. Silambam – Stick fighting from Tamil Nadu
5. Kalaripayattu – Ancient martial art of Kerala
6. Thang-Ta – Martial art from Manipur involving swords and spears
7. Gatka – Martial art of the Sikhs using swords and sticks
Strategic and Indoor Games
1. Chaturanga – Ancient precursor of modern chess
2. Pachisi – Game of strategy, origin of modern-day Ludo
3. Chaupar – Similar to Pachisi, played with cowrie shells
4. Dice games (Aksha Kreeda) Mentioned in Mahabharata, used for gambling & strategy
5. Ashta Chamma – Board game popular in South India
6. Ali Guli Mane – Mancala-like game played in Karnataka
Outdoor Games and Activities
1. Kabaddi – Team tag game involving raiding and defense
2. Kho-Kho – Tag game involving running and dodging
3. Gilli Danda/ Vitti Dandu – Bat-and-stick game, similar to cricket
4. Lagori (Seven Stones) Game of knocking down & rebuilding stone towers
5. Kancha / Goti – Marbles game
6. Bamboo / Tree Climbing – Practiced as physical training in villages
Traditional Recreational Games
1. Top-spinning (Lattu)
2. Kite Flying (Patangbazi)
3. Nondi / Pandi Attam – Hopscotch version in Tamil Nadu
4. Bhatukali – Doll play, often played by girls
5. Raja-Rani – Role-playing game among children
Cultural & Ritual Games (with sport-like elements)
1. Mallakhamb – Gymnastic pole sport from Maharashtra
2. Dand (exercise) & Baithak (squats) – Traditional physical training
3. Yogasanas: Physical postures from Yoga for strength, flexibility, & health
4. Surya Namaskar – Sequence of yoga poses used as physical training
Mention in Ancient Texts: Many of these games are documented in:
•Vedas and Puranas
•Manasollasa (12th-century text)
•Mahabharata and Ramayana
•Ain-i-Akbari (Mughal record)
•Natya Shastra (dance-drama, includes games)

ii. Modern Concept of Physical Education

•The modern concept of Physical Education has expanded beyond just physical
training to incorporate holistic development.
•Its body of knowledge is multidisciplinary and scientifically grounded, encompassing
various areas that contribute to the physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being
of an individual.
•The modern approach is more holistic, emphasizing overall well-being, scientific
understanding, & lifelong participation in physical activity.
Key Features:
•All-round Development of an individual: main focus at physical, mental, emotional,
& social development.
•Scientific Approach: Based on principles of anatomy, physiology, biomechanics,
psychology, and pedagogy.
•Inclusive & Lifelong: Encourages participation by all, regardless of age, gender, or
ability.
•Health and Wellness Focus: Promotes healthy lifestyle habits, not just physical
performance.
•Skill Development: Focus on motor skills, coordination, & sport-specific training.
•Educational Value: Integrated into formal education systems with structured
curricula and assessments.
The key components of the modern concept of Physical Education are:
1. Human Anatomy and Physiology
•Structure and function of the human body
•Musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems
•How exercise impacts bodily systems

2. Kinesiology and Biomechanics

•Study of body movement
•Principles of motion, force, balance, and coordination
•Techniques to improve performance and reduce injury

3. Exercise Physiology
•Effects of physical activity on body functions
•Aerobic vs anaerobic activities
•Energy systems and endurance training

4. Health Education
•Principles of nutrition and diet
•Hygiene and disease prevention
•Mental health and emotional well-being

5. Sports Psychology
•Motivation and goal setting
•Stress management and mental toughness
•Team dynamics and performance enhancement

6. Motor Learning and Skill Acquisition

•Development of motor skills and coordination
•Practice methods and stages of learning
•Transfer of training principles

7. Pedagogy of Physical Education

•Teaching methods and instructional strategies
•Curriculum design and lesson planning
•Assessment and evaluation in PE

8. Sociological Aspects of Physical Education

•Role of sports in society
•Gender, culture, and inclusion in physical activity
•Ethics and fair play in sports

9. Adapted Physical Education

•Physical activity for individuals with special needs
•Inclusive teaching strategies
•Modification of games and equipment

10. Sports and Games

•Rules and techniques of various games and sports
•Strategies for competition and teamwork
•Leadership and officiating

11. Fitness and Wellness

•Components of physical fitness (strength, endurance, flexibility, etc.)
•Lifestyle management and wellness promotion
•Designing individual fitness programs
Traditional Concept and modern concept of physical education
Aspect Traditional Concept Modern Concept
Physical strength, discipline, Holistic development & health
Objective
military skills promotion
Approach Rigid, activity-based Scientific, learner-centered
Broad –includes fitness, health,
Scope Limited to fitness & training
skills, values
Inclusion Selective, often gender-biased Inclusive for all
Used in armies, temples, & Part of formal education & health
Application
festivals programs
Yoga, aerobics, sports science,
Examples Wrestling, archery, drills
adapted PE
To sum-up Concept of education & physical education
•Physical edu. is an integral part of total education process it was old concept.
•Physical Education through activity & well-planned programmes, organize different
physical activities like mass activity (drill & marching mass, group, demo, rhythmic
activity), Game low organization, minor game, relay etc.
which are directed towards physical, mental emotional, social, intellectual, and moral
development of the learner.
•Physical education programs are learner oriented needs
•Physical education is concerned largely with the growth & development of learner
through the medium of activities,

Major historical influences on physical education

•Physical education grew from a predominantly medical background, with major
emphasis on fitness, grace in movement, & character development.
•It is universally accepted that all education contributes to the holistic development of
the learner, and Physical education and sports had a big role in that development.
•Third major influence was the growth of sport and its acceptance into school and
higher education curriculum & Education through the Physical activity
Society realize contribution of PE & Sports edu. phy, psy, soc, emo. control
Physical Education grew from a predominant medical background:
•Early physical education was closely linked to medical science, focusing on
hygiene, health, and bodily functions.
•Ancient systems like those in Greece and Rome emphasized
•physical training for maintaining health and preventing disease.
•In the 18th and 19th centuries, physicians promoted
•physical activity as part of therapeutic treatments for various illnesses.
•Swedish & German gymnastics systems were developed for medical rehabilitation
and physical health.
•The aim was to use exercise to improve circulation, muscular strength, posture, and
overall wellness.
•Schools adopted physical education to improve children's physical fitness and
resistance to illness.

•The field evolved with support from medical professionals and physiologists, who
emphasized scientific study of exercise.

•Over time, the focus expanded on fitness, skill development, and education for total
well-being.

•Even today, physical education retains strong roots in kinesiology, exercise

physiology, and sports medicine.
Definitions of Physical Education:
Some definitions of Physical Education are:
Definitions of Physical Education from both the ancient & modern eras:
•Ancient Era Definitions of Phy. Edu. Traditional Indian Perspective:
"Physical education is a means to develop the body & mind in harmony
A sound body supports a sound mind.
•PE simply means education through the use of physique and physical movements
for physical, physiological, psychological, social gain.
•Roots of PE founds In ancient India, a Sanskrit phrases stated that
“Sharir Sevarth Sambhavo Dehe” means education through the use of physique and
physical activity.
शरीरमा ं खलु धम साधनम् body is tool to carry the work of soul.
•The National plan of physical education (1956) states that, “Physical education
should aim at making the child physically, mentally and emotionally fit and
developing personal and social qualities which will help to live happily with others
and build a good citizen”.
It further emphasizes that the development of the total personality and achievement
of worthy citizenship motivated for service should be the outcomes of physical
education.
•According to the Ministry of Education and National Planning for Physical Education
& Recreation,
“The aim of physical education must be to make every child physically, mentally and
emotionally fit and also to develop in their personal and social qualities that will help
to live happily with others. Physical education programme should also aim to build
good citizens of the country.”

•According to the Central Advisory Board of Physical Education & Recreation,

“Physical education is the process of education through physical activities. for the
development of the total personality of the child to its fullness and perfection in body,
mind and spirit.” display of emotion or feeling,
•H. M. Barrow defined Physical Education as an education through human
movement where many of educational objectives are achieved by means of big
muscle activities involving sports, games, gymnastic, dance and exercise.
•According to Webster’s Dictionary:
Physical education is a part of general education which gives instructions in the
development and care of the body rendering from simple callisthenic exercises to a
course of study providing training in hygiene, gymnastics & the performance and
management of athletics games.

Charles A. Bucher defines

Physical education, an integral part of total education process, PE is a field of
endeavor which has as its aim the improvement of human performance and
development physically, mentally, emotionally and socially fit citizens through the
medium of physical activities which have been selected with a view to realizing these
outcomes.

J. B. Nash
“Physical education is the education through physical activities for the development
of the total personality of the child, in its fulfillment and perfection in body, mind and
spirit.”
Physical Education is that phase of total education that deals with the big muscle
activities and their related responses.

William H. Kilpatrick
“Physical education is the process by which changes in the individual are brought
through his movement experiences”.

Delbert Obertuffer
Physical Education is the sum of those experiences which come to the individual,
through movement.
Jesse Feiring Williams
Physical Education is the sum of human’s physical activities selected as to kind and
conducted as to outcomes.
1. Physical Education is the subject in which learning will take place, learning by
doing, through physical activities to improve fitness, develop motor skills, and
promote overall health and well-being.

2. Physical Education is the pedagogic process of developing physical fitness, motor

skills, knowledge, and attitudes about physical activity for overall health, well-being,
and lifelong fitness.

3. “Physical Education is an educational process that uses physical activity as a

means to help individuals acquire skills, fitness, knowledge, and attitudes that
contribute to their optimal development and performance.”
— National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE)

4. Traditional Definition: stated by Central Advisory Board of Physical Education and

Recreation (India)
“Physical Education is education through physical activities for the development of
the total personality of the child and its fulfillment in society.”
5. Modern Concept Definition:
“Physical Education is a part of general education that contributes to the physical,
mental, emotional, and social development of the individual through selected
physical activities.”

6. Simple Student-Friendly Definition:

“Physical Education means learning through movement and exercise to stay healthy,
strong, and active.”

7.Physical Education is a part of general education that contributes to the achieve

the aim and objectives of general education.

8.According to Charles A Bucher, “Physical education is an integral part of the total

education process and has as its aim the development of physically, mentally,
emotionally and socially fit citizen through the medium of physical activities which
have been selected with a view to realizing these outcomes.”

9.According to Irwin, “Physical education is a programme of physical activities that

develops health in youth through various organic systems of the body; develops
skills in physical activities which has implication for enjoyment, emotional
development, recreation and the optimum development of the human organism.”

10.According to H.C. Buck, “Physical education is the part of general education

programme, which is considered with growth, development and education of children
through the medium of big muscle activities. Physical activities are the tools, ‘they
are so selected and conducted as to influence every child’s life physically, mentally,
emotionally and morally.”

11.According to Delbert Obertuffer, ”Physical education is the sum of those

experiences which come to the individual through movement.”

12. According to J.P. Thomas, “Physical education is the education through physical
activities for the development of total personality of the child and its fulfilment and
perfection ,in body, mind and spirit.”

13.According to Clark. W. Hetherington, “Physical education is that phase of

education, which is concerned, first with the organization and leadership of children
in big muscle activities, to gain the development & adjustment inherent in the
activities according to social standards, and second with the leadership of the
activities so that the educational process may go on without growth handicaps.”

14.According to C.C. Cowell, ”Physical education is the social process of change in

the behaviour of human organism, originating primarily from the stimulus of big-
muscle play and related activities.”

15.According to J.F. William, “Physical education is the sum of man’s physical

activities selected as to kind and conducted as to outcomes.”

16. According to American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation.
(AAPHER,)“ Physical education is the way of education through physical activities
which are selected and carried on with regard to values in human growth,
development and behaviour.”
To sum up,
•Physical Education is a process of education which aims at the holistic development
of an individual by using physical activity or body movement. So, in a broader
context,
•Physical Education may be defined as a teaching-learning process where medium
of instruction, are physical activities designed in such a manner as to improve
physical fitness and motor skills,
•Physical Education Undergo development from gymnastics (during 1800s) to
hygiene, to physical culture, to physical training & now is known as Physical
Education.
•Physical education in its modern concept is broad and more meaningful.
There is no doubt that it is conducive/contributing to build up organic health but it is
helpful in developing mental and emotional health and social qualities that are
considered to be desirable by the society.
•PE programmes provide that much of energy which is very necessary for every
individuals to withstand the wear and tear of the struggle for existence, for daily life.
•Physical education is not confined to some forms of drill and regular exercises but
emphasizes on the physical fitness value. Physical and mental development are
inter-related and go together, a short but full description of a happy state in the
world’.
•However, physical education is complete educative process and not mere exercise
and perspiration, it is properly planned and conducted; it has a legitimate, legally
claim for inclusion in the general scheme of education.
•"Physical education is training for war and state service.".
Physical education is education through movement aimed at improving the physical,
mental, emotional, and social development of individuals."
•Modern Era Definitions of Physical Education given by National Association for
Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) Define:
•"Physical education is the development of physical and motor fitness, fundamental
movement skills, and promotion of lifelong physical activity."
Looking above given definition characteristic of physical education are
Physical Education is:
•the way of education through physical activities
•to bring the changes in the individual
•the process of change in the behaviour.
•the education through physical activities to develop balance personality
•an integral part of the total education process.
•means of learning through movement and exercise
•the pedagogic process of overall development of learners.
•the accumulation of wholesome experiences through participation

Aim and objectives of physical education :

Aim = Goal of physical education(ultimate & immediate)
Objectives = Steps to reach up to the goal.
All objectives work in harmony to ensure the total development of the learners to
fulfilling the Aim of Physical Education.
Aim or goal of Physical Education:
The goal of physical education is all sided development (physical, mental, emotional,
& social well-being) of the learners through structured physical activities and fitness
programs, helping them lead a healthy and active lifestyle.
Goals are two types, i. Ultimate goal & ii. Immediate Goal
i. The Ultimate goal of Physical Education: All-round development of an individual i.e.,
physical, mental, emotional, & social through the following.
•To cultivate lifelong habits of practice physical activity for health & fitness.
•To promote holistic well-being and a balanced personality.
•To develop motor skills, physical fitness, and functional efficiency.
•To encourage sportsmanship, teamwork, and fair play.
•To instill self-discipline, dedication, and self-confidence.
 •To foster mental alertness & decision-making skills through physical activities.
•To develop a sense of responsibility toward personal and community health.
•To enhance quality of life through active and healthy living.
•To prepare individuals for productive participation in society through cooperative
behavior.
ii. The Immediate Goal of Physical Education:
•To improve health related, skill related physical fitness.
•To improve Metabolic Fitness: Blood pressure, Pulse rate, Blood insulin
•To develop fundamental/basic motor skills
•To provide opportunities for active participation in physical activities.
•To instill discipline through structured exercise routines.
•To teach correct posture and body mechanics.
•To reduce stress and anxiety through physical engagement.
•To introduce healthy lifestyle habits at an early stage.
•To promote interest and enjoyment in physical activity.
•To prepare students for higher levels of sports training or competition.
Key Aspects of the Immediate Goal/ Aim of physical education are:
i. Physical Development –Improve physical competencies.
ii. Mental Development: Enhance concentration, decision-making, self-confidence.
iii. Emotional Development–Build self-esteem, emotional control, & resilience.
iv. Social Development–Promote teamwork, cooperation, & respect to others.
v. Health Awareness– Encourage lifelong habits of physical activity & healthy living.
vi. Holistic Education: Support overall education by integrating body & mind development.
Aim of Physical Education for Holistic Health of Learner :
Goal of PE is to develop balanced personality of an individual i.e. physically, mentally,
emotionally, & socially through structured physical activities, fostering holistic health
and well-being in learners.
•The immediate aim of Physical Education is to develop competencies and motor
skills, physical literacy of individuals, Such as:
 •Improving fitness parameters & competencies.
 •Promoting body control and movement efficiency
 •Enhancing overall health and well-being through regular physical activity.
 •Instilling discipline and good exercise habits
•The harmonious development of an individual.
• healthy active lifestyle,
•Delayed aging & increase life span.
•to be physically fit, mentally alert, emotional stable, socially adjusted
•To develop Physical literacy
To sum-up Aims The aims of the physical education are:
Holistic & Balanced personality development of every individual to achieve the aim of physical
education following means to be follow physical education:
•To promote the physical, social, emotional & intellectual development.
• To develop positive personality qualities.
• Acquisition of movement skills in a variety of conditions
• knowledge & understanding of the various aspects of movement.
• To promote positive attitudes towards, physical activity and its.
•Contribution to lifelong fitness, (H.R & S.R) thus preparing learner for the active and
purposeful use of leisure time.
•To Achieve and maintain a health, & skill enhancing level of physical fitness.
•Participate in mass and group activities for social development.
•Support in vigorous activities which demand proper decision-making ability.
•Engage in vigorous activities which needs to tolerate stress and load.
•Involved in activities which helps to develop ability to take correct decision
Objectives of Physical Education:
Brief Objectives of Physical Education are :
1.Physical Development – development of physical ability
2.Mental Development– Promote mental alertness, focus, & emotional balance.
3.Social & Moral Development – Foster teamwork, cooperation, & leadership
qualities. Instill values like honesty, discipline, and fair play.
4.Emotional Development–Build confidence, resilience & stress management skills.
Means & Methods for physical education:
1.Physical Development means & methods :
Enhance overall body fitness & motor skills.
•Enhance overall fitness general & specific
•Develop motor skills and physical competence.
•Promote good posture and body alignment.
Playgrounds & Sports Equipment
•Balls, rackets, mats, nets, cones, etc., for skill development.
•Gymnastics apparatus, hurdles, and climbing frames.
Fitness Testing Tools
•Stopwatches, measuring tapes, jump mats, sit-and-reach boxes.
•Body composition analyzers, BMI calculators.
Conditioning Tools
Dumbbells, kettlebells, medicine balls, resistance bands.
Plyometric boxes, agility ladders, balance boards
physical literacy, competencies, functional capacity
Physical development includes both growth and development, the ability to use
muscles and body parts for particular skills.
•Both gross (large muscle movements) and fine (small movements) motor skills
contribute to physical development,
Physical development what we understand is growth & development.
•Growth is the physical changes of, the increase in size, height and weight.
•Development is ability to gain control over the physical actions to do complicated and
difficult activities more skillfully and easily.

2. Mental Development: -Mental health is important at every stage of life,

-it is an important aspect of growth, & various mental abilities.
Mental development includes abilities such as:
understand/perceiving, observing, remembering, imagining, thinking, decision making
and solving and growth of intelligence.
Development of mental health is goal of physical education.
Psycho Motor Development: Psychomotor domain has five levels. They are
1.imitation, 2.manipulation,
 3.precision, 4.articulation, and 5 naturalization.
There are PE programme to develop these.
-PE also helps determine how to handle stress, relate to others & make choices.
-Components of Mental Health are genetics, In-person. Community.
There are some activities in physical education that helps to keep our brain alert and
concentrated.
Mental Development:
Improve concentration, memory, and decision-making skills.
Encourage creativity and problem-solving through physical activities.
Reduce stress and promote emotional stability.
Tools for mental development
•Problem-Solving Activities
o Strategy-based games (e.g., chess, tag variations)
o Tactical decision-making in team sports
2. •Goal Setting Tools
o SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound)
o Personal performance journals
3. •Visualization and Imagery Techniques
o Mental rehearsal before performance
o Guided imagery for confidence building
4. •Concentration Drills
o Focus games (e.g., reaction ball, balance tasks)
o Mindfulness exercises during warm-ups or cool-downs
5. •Cognitive Challenges
o Obstacle courses requiring planning and sequencing
o Memory-based physical tasks (e.g., Simon Says with added complexity)
•Video Feedback and Performance Review
o Analyzing recorded performances to improve decisions and focus
o Encouraging reflective thinking and self-awareness
•Relaxation Techniques
o Deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation
o Yoga or stretching with guided breathing
•Team Games and Cooperative Tasks
o Encourage communication, trust, and mental resilience
o Activities like trust falls, group problem-solving relays
•Reflection and Self-Evaluation Tools
o Journaling after activities
o Peer feedback forms
•Educational Technology and Apps
o Apps for tracking performance and progress
o Mindfulness apps used post-PE sessions (e.g., Calm, Headspace)

3. Social Development: Factors that affect social development of children are

1.Family & Home environment. 2.School & Teacher Role.
3.Parental Style. 4.Peer Group. Media.
•The social development objective is concerned with helping an individual in
-making personal adjustments,
-group adjustment, and
-adjustments as a member of society.
-This objective of physical education is related to social skills which are helpful in
coordination.
•During a competition, and mass activity Players of different region come together on
single platform.
-So, they learn cooperation, support, respect, good sportsmanship, etc.
•This development influences a child's self-confidence, empathy, the ability to develop
meaningful and lasting friendships and partnerships, and a sense of importance and
value to those around him/her.
Tools for Social Development through Physical Education
•Team Games and Sports
– Promote cooperation, communication, and mutual support.
– Encourage fair play, leadership, and group cohesion.
•Group Activities & Relays
– Require coordination and interaction among team members.
– Foster social bonding and peer support.
•Peer Teaching & Mentoring
– Develops responsibility, empathy, and respect for others.
– Encourages collaborative learning and interpersonal skills.
•Cooperative Learning Models
– Structured group tasks where success depends on group effort.
– Encourages trust and shared responsibility.
•Conflict Resolution Activities
– Teach strategies for managing disagreements constructively.
– Enhance communication and empathy.
•Code of Conduct & Sportsmanship Education
– Reinforces values like respect, fairness, and humility.
– Promotes ethical behavior on and off the field.
•Team-building Exercises
– Develop group dynamics, problem-solving, and bonding.
– Strengthen collaboration and cooperation.
•Reflection and Group Discussions
– Provide space to express feelings, share experiences, and build understanding.
– Encourage openness and mutual respect.
•Inclusive Games
– Designed to include students of all abilities and backgrounds.
– Promote equality, acceptance, and diversity.
4. Emotional Development: Emotional health is an important part of overall health.
Those who are emotionally healthy are in control of their thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors.
•objective of physical education is to develop an individual emotionally through
physical activity. Accept win & defeat in healthy manner.
•A man is provided or equipped with different emotions like happiness, jealousy hope,
despair, joy, fear, loneliness, etc., and controlling of these emotions is necessary.
 If they do not control these emotions, then there will be no place for them in the
society, which can be harmful for them.
•PE. programme Nurture these emotions and teach us to control them.
Build self-confidence and self-discipline.
•Learn to cope with success and failure in a healthy way.
•Encourage self-expression and emotional balance.
Emotional health is an important part of overall health. Those who are emotionally
healthy are in control of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
-objective of physical education is to develop an individual emotionally through
physical activity. Accept win & defeat in healthy manner.
-A man is provided or equipped with different emotions like happiness, jealousy hope,
despair, joy, fear, loneliness, etc., and controlling of these emotions is necessary.
If they do not control these emotions, then there will be no place for them in the
society, which can be harmful for them.
PE. programme Nurture these emotions and teach us to control them.
To sum-up Objectives of Physical Education summaries as under:
•Develop Healthy and Active Lifestyle.
•Develop interest in the discipline.
•Achieve Optimum Physical Fitness and Health.
•Awareness of Movement,
•Development of function of body Organ & Systems,
•Neuro-muscular Co-ordination
•Develop Motor Skills
•Enjoyment and Satisfaction
•Development of Evaluative Skills.
•Character Building
•Remedial Values
•Optimum Sports Performance
•Effective Citizenship

Scope Of Physical Education: content areas

Phy. education has developed as a multi-disciplinary subject over a period of time. Its
scope is not restricted up to physical fitness, play & know the rules of games and
sports, mass drill, etc.
•It includes many contents of physical science, earth science & life science to medical
science, biology, genetics, psychology & sociology etc.
•All the findings & principles of these sciences are content, that constitute the
Scope of physical education may not find a place in the syllabus meant for school
education. However, it contains all the content areas as stated below
1. Games and Sports as a Cultural Heritage: The games & sport activities played
today have a strong link to our culture.
•Our ancestors survived by hunting with the use of throwing stones as well as bow
and arrows, running, jumping, climbing etc. were used for survival & recreation.
•Later when man became more civilized, it took the shape of competitive sports like
athletics, wrestling, archery and so on. So, we can see a strong bonding of our culture
in the present evolution of games and sports.

•Sport activities which dominate any region are routed in the cultural social
environment. Some of the sports that reflect the culture of a region of our country are
Kho-Kho, Kabbadi, Archery, Lezim, Wrestling and so on.
All these Cultural Heritage activities are part of physical education curriculum.
2. Mechanical Aspects in Physical Education: PE considered the mechanical
aspects of various physical activity being performed. Individuals are aware that the
concepts regarding laws of motion, lever, force & its generation, maintenance of
equilibrium, center of gravity and its impact on movements, law of acceleration, speed
is a base of PE.
Motion, lever, force, equilibrium, projection, energy etc., play key role physical
education movement

3. Biological Contents in Physical Education.

The contents drawn from the biological sciences takes into consideration:
- the areas of heredity & environment, growth & development,
-Organs, systems, understanding of joints types, possible movements of around
these joints.
-In addition, muscles and their properties,
-effect of exercise on various systems of the body (like circulatory, respiratory,
muscular, digestive, and skeletal systems) are also linked to physical activities and
have great scope in physical education programme.

4. Health Education Contents in Physical Education

Physical education includes contents related to the area of health education, through
understanding the concept of hygiene, personal family, community.
-Knowledge about various communicable and non-communicable diseases,
-problems relating to health and their prevention,Proper nutrition and balanced diet. -
Community health, school health service programs,
-problems relating to environment & its impact on human life.
- Assessment of health status, prevention, safety and first aid for common injuries are
also included in the program of physical education.

5. Psycho-social Content in Physical Education:

-Psycho-social aspect of physical education extends to the study of areas regarding
Individual differences, personality development, various skills of motivation, and its
techniques, competitive v/s co-operative
-anxiety management, ethical and social values, group dynamics, cooperation,
cohesiveness, (family as a whole) and learning.
-It also focuses on emotional development, relationships wither (parents and others
become weaker then disappear), self-concept, and self-esteem. All these have great
scope in PE programme.

6. Sports Psychology: Sports Psychology is an applied Psychology involving

applications of psychological principles to the field of physical education and sports.
learning theories and laws, stress tolerance, emotional control.
Importance of sports psychology Growth and Development:
7. Talent Identification and Training Content in Physical Education: Physical
education includes contents with regard to talent identification, development of
components in relation to specific sport, understanding of various types of activities
like aerobic, anaerobic, rhythmic and calisthenics.
Training programmes, learning and perfection of various movements, sport skills,
techniques and tactical patterns, warming up, load adaptation, recovery and cooling
down are also a part of physical education.

8. Adapted Physical Education programme is concerned with the capacities and

limitations of individual with special needs & designing appropriate physical education
programs.
APE is to help the students with disabilities develop physical fitness, motor skills, and
a positive attitude towards physical activity Should be a part of PE programme. APE
to give the learner the skills necessary for a lifetime of rich leisure, recreation, & sport
experiences to enhance physical fitness & wellness.

9. Wellness education:
-Wellness is a state beyond absence of illness but rather aims to optimize well-being.
-it is about more than just physical health.
Most modules of wellness include at least six dimensions
Physical wellness: A healthy body through exercise, nutrition, sleep, etc.
Mental wellness: Engage with the world through learning, problem-solving, creativity,
etc.
Emotional wellness: Being in touch with, aware, accepting, & able to express one’s
feelings.
Spiritual wellness: Self-respect & respect to others.
Social wellness: Connecting, interacting, & contributing to other people and our
communities.
Environmental wellness: A healthy physical environment free from hazards;
awareness of the role we play in bettering rather than criticizing the natural
environment.

10. Recreation: Make use of leisure time wisely, consists of those activities
performed by an individual during nonworking hours. Recreation Frequently referred
to as leisure-time activity.
Physical or mental activity is pursued primarily for pleasure. An activity, a game or
hobby that is pursued primarily for pleasure should be a part of PE programme.

11. Movement Education: There are three main categories of fundamental body
movements: Locomotor. Nonlocomotory. Manipulative.
Movement education is instruction in the improvement of a person's motor skills &
motor educability through physical movement.
The main purpose of this is to increase body-mind activates and through dance and
games to make
physical activity fun and creative.
Physical education (PE) plays a significant role in the overall personality development
of individual's. It goes beyond just physical fitness & includes various aspects which
contribute to the growth & maturation of an individual.
The following activities can be included in physical education programme:
physical education can be given through different forms Corrective Exercises
1. Free hand exercises, calisthenic 2. Yoga education
3. Major Games & Sports, &. Minor games, 4. Gymnastics,
5. Track and field events 6 Aquatics
7. Exercises with apparatus, , 8. Rhythmics activities
9. Self Defence Activities. 10. Combative sports,
11. Pyramids, Dands & baithaks. 12. Dance sports Folk dances,
13, Outdoor education, 14 Corrective Exercises
15. Indian sports: kabaddi, kho-kho, 16.Malkhamb., Rope & Pole
physical education can be given through different forms such as:
•Corrective exercises, •Games & Sports, •Rhythmic & Recreational activities, •Yogic
activities, •Outdoor education •Combat, Self-defense activities :
Corrective Exercises:
•Corrective exercises help to remove movement disorder & Postural deviation.
•Posture is the body position of an individual's while standing, sitting, sleeping
walking, moving etc. There is no standard criteria of body positions.
•Deformity is the malformation of body part & joints.
•Sometimes these defects are because of muscular rigidity; axial dystonia; or
movement disorder, corrective exercises are helpful to correct the malformation.
The key to good posture is the position of spine in the human body which has three
natural curves, at your neck, mid back, & low back which have specific moves.
Correct posture should maintain these curves but not increase them.
•Our head should be above shoulders, &
•the top of shoulders should be over the hips.
Physical Education Scope & Sequence:
Curriculum content to achieve the goal are suggested for scope of P.E. are:
i. Personal Skills, ii. Motor Skills
iii. Fitness/Activity, iiii. Strategy
i. Personal Skills development: given below are personal skills to be develop Through
Physical Education curriculum, core consent shall be for:
Self-Discipline Confidence & Self-Esteem:
Goal Setting Leadership Skills:
Time Management: Stress Management:
Resilience and Perseverance: Decision Making and Problem Solving:
Respect and Fair Play Accountability and Responsibility
Adaptability and Flexibility Interpersonal Communication.
ii. Motor Skills: Enhances performance in various sports & physical activities.
a. Locomotor Skills:
b. Non-Locomotor Skills to Enhances body control and awareness.
c. Movement Directions and Pathways:
d. Spatial structural. Awareness skills:
e. Size of Movement
f. Body Management skills:
g. Manipulatives or attempting to influence:
iii. Wellness and Activity: Role of Wellness & Activity in Phy. Edu. & Sports
1. Promotes Holistic Health
2. Develops Lifelong Healthy Habits
3. Improves Physical Performance
4. Supports Mental and Emotional Wellness
5. Enhances Social and Moral Values
6. Academic and Cognitive Benefits
7. Prevention and Rehabilitation
8. Foundation for Active Living
•Dimensions of Wellness
•Physical, •Emotional, •Social, •Intellectual, •Spiritual
iv. Fitness Components :Fitness play Integrated Role in Physical Education & Sports
and day to day life.
•Skill Development: Enhances motor skills and sport-specific techniques.
•Performance Improvement: Better fitness levels lead to improved game
performance.
•Injury Prevention: Strong, flexible, and balanced bodies reduce injury risks.
•Health Promotion: Builds habits that support lifelong fitness and well-being.
•Confidence & Participation: Fit students are more confident and willing to participate
in physical activities.
a. Health-Related •Cardiovascular Endurance. •Muscular Strength, •Muscular
Endurance •Flexibility, •Body Composition
b. Skill-Related Fitness
•Speed •Power, •Balance, •Reaction Time •Coordination, •Agility, •Coordinative-
Abilities (•Differential ability •Orientation ability •Coupling ability •Reaction ability. •Balance
ability •Rhythmic ability •Adaptation ability)
c Fitness Training
•FIIT(Frequency, Intensity, Interval, Training)
•FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type) principle.
•Specificity,
•Progression,
•Overload, •Rest and Recovery
v. Strategy
Strategy plays a crucial role in both physical education and sports, contributing
significantly to performance, learning outcomes, and team success. Here is an
overview of its key roles:
1. Enhances Game Performance 5. Supports Skill Application
2. Develops Critical Thinking 6. Encourages Adaptability
3. Assists in Goal Setting 7. Promotes Teamwork and Communication
4. Builds Confidence and Preparedness 8. Improves Teaching & Learning Outcomes
a. Offensive Strategies:
b. Defensive Strategies
More focus on scope of physical education includes:
Olympics education,
Organisation, Administration, Management of PE & sports.
P.E. foundation & sports for all
Physical education Art and culture
Sports Association Sports Association club Association etc.
Physical sports and Healthy life Style:
Carrier opportunities in physical education and sports:
Importance of Physical Education(PE): Phy. Edu. is a predominantly Part of
Medical Profession & plays a key role in the expansion of the scope of health &
medical sciences, beyond its contribution to sports and fitness.
Phy. Edu. put into practice knowledge of Medical profession through:
•Preventive, Anticipatory healthcare,• Rehabilitation,
•The betterment of healthy lifestyles.
Trained PE Professionals often collaborate with medical practitioners:
•to take patient care, •reduce injury risk, & •improve community health outcomes.
This integration makes PE a viable career path within the medical education framework. both
have common role.:
i. Academic Foundation ,of PE & Med. edn. Health-Oriented
ii. Preventive Medicine Link, by doing exercise for rehab.
iii. Rehabilitation & Therapy, iiii. Physical Fitness Assessment Skills,
v. Injury Prevention & Management, vi. Adapted Physical Activity Knowledge,
vii. Community Health Promotion., viii. Interdisciplinary Collaboration,
ix. Research Contributions, xi Career pathways at intersection of PE & ME
•Physical Education (PE) is a cornerstone of sports, exercise sciences, and overall human
development.
•P.E. equips individuals with the physical competence, fitness, knowledge, & •values required
for lifelong engagement in physical activities and sports.
The importance of PE can be understood through the following dimensions:
1. Strong Fundamental Knowledge Base:
PE provides essential theoretical & practical knowledge & understanding of •human
movement, •exercise principles, of anatomy, & physiology, which is serving as the
academic foundation for sports and exercise sciences.
2. Development of Physical Literacy (physical, mental, & social well-being)
•Physical literacy acts as the foundation for lifelong physical activity,
•PL the ability gives confidence, & •desire to engage in physical activities throughout
life.
•PL goes beyond mere physical fitness & focuses on developing a person’s
•motivation, •physical competence, •knowledge, & •understanding, so they can value
& take responsibility for maintaining a physically active lifestyle.
•Through structured activities, PE enhances the ability to move confidently &
efficiently in a variety of physical activities, fostering coordination, balance, agility, and
motor skills.
3. Health & Fitness Foundation: PE develops Fitness that laying the base for a
healthy, active & lifestyle.
Human Health is key indicators of the overall physical, mental, and social well-being
of an individual to improve quality of life.
4. Promotion of Health & Well-being: Regular participation in PE reduces •the risk
of lifestyle diseases, •improves mental health, & •fosters healthy habits that contribute
to overall well-being. (physical, mental, & social well-being)
5. Social Development: PE encourages
•teamwork,& cooperation, •communication skills, &
•respect for others, •enhancing interpersonal relationships.
6. Educational Enhancement: Participation in PE positively influences academic
performance by improving •concentration, •memory, & •classroom behaviour. • knowledge
application.
7. Character & Personality Development: Shaping personality of an individual’s, PE
instils •discipline, • dedication, •self-confidence,
•ethical values, & •responsibility
8. Economic & Workforce Benefits: A healthy & active population reduces
•healthcare costs, •enhances productivity, &
•prepares individuals for physically demanding occupations.
9. Development of Scientific Attitude: PE fosters •inquiry, •experimentation, &
•evidence-based thinking in relation to physical activity, sport, and health.
10. Basis for High-Performance Sports Training: Physical Education provides •the
fundamental skills and •physical conditioning necessary for specialised training and
elite sports performance.
11. Psychosocial Development: .
•PE supports emotional resilience, •stress management,
•self-esteem, and •positive body image.
12. Gateway to Career Opportunities: PE opens diverse career pathways in
•teaching, coaching, sports science, fitness,
•rehabilitation, & •recreation management.
13. Supports Research & Innovation: By linking theory with practice, PE promotes:
•Research in exercise science, •performance analysis,
•injury prevention, and •public health.
14. Cultural and Community Impact: •PE preserves traditional games, •fosters
community bonding, and •promotes cultural exchange through sport.

15. Environmental Awareness: Outdoor physical activities develop •appreciation for

nature, •encourage sustainable
•use of resources, and •promote environmental stewardship.
To sum-up Importance of physical education
•Establish Strong Knowledge Base •Development of Physical Literacy
•Promotion of Health & Well-being •Strong base for Fitness
•Social Development •Educational enhancement
•Character & Personality Development •Economic & Workforce Benefits
•Development of Scientific Attitude •Psychosocial Development.
•Gateway to Career Opportunities •Supports Research & Innovation.
•Cultural and Community Impact, •Environmental Awareness.
------------------------***************------------------------

Important Curriculum Modules /Element of Physical Education

1.Movement Education Module 2.Physical Fitness Module:
3. The Academic-Discipline Module. 4. The Social-Development Module
5. Sport-Education Module. 6.Adventure-Education Module
7.Adapted Physical Education Module
1.Movement Education Module
i. Aim of Movement Education Module,
ii. Structure of Movement Education Module,
iii. Content Areas of Movement Education Module,
iiii .Learning Outcomes of Movement Education Module,
v. Assessment Methods & tools of Movement Education Module
i. Aim of Movement Education Module,
The Movement plays a crucial role in the overall growth of learners by focusing on
body awareness, motor skills, and creative expression so, precaution to be taken
while giving movement education. Its key contributions include:
•Development of Fundamental Motor Skills
•Enhancement of Physical Literacy
•Promotion of Creativity and Self-expression
•improved Coordination and Control
•Foundation for Lifelong Physical Activity
•Support for Cognitive Development
•Social and Emotional Growth
•Inclusive Participation.
1. Aim of movement education module:
To foster physical literacy, creative expression, and functional movement skills for
lifelong physical activity by focusing on developing an individual’s
i. motor skills, iii. spatial understanding, and
ii. body awareness, iv. movement creativity through guided physical activity.
2. Structure of movement education Module.
Conceptual Framework – Fundamental movement concepts, motor skill development
stages, relationship between movement and overall growth.
Core Domains: Body, Space, Effort Awareness, & Relationship Awareness.
Progressive Learning Levels: Foundation Stage, Application Stage, Creative Stage.
Pedagogical Approach: Use of problem-solving tasks, guided discovery, exploration
and improvisation.
3. Content Areas of movement education
a. Fundamental Movement Skills
i. Locomotor Skills: Walking, running, hopping, skipping, leaping, galloping, sliding.
ii. Non-Locomotor Skills Bend, stretch, twist, turn, push, pull & balance,.
iii. Manipulative Skills: Throwing, catching, kicking, striking, dribbling, rolling.
b. Movement Concepts
Body Awareness: Identifying & moving body parts, symmetrical & asymmetrical shapes.
Space Awareness: •Directions (forward, backward, sideways),
•levels (high, medium, low),
•pathways (straight, curved, zigzag).
Effort: •Time (fast/slow), •force (strong/light), •flow (bound/free).
Relationships: •With self (mirroring, matching),
•with others (partner work, group formations),
•with objects (balls, hoops, ropes).
c. Creative & Rhythmic Movement: Movement sequences set to music, creative
dance activities, improvisational movement tasks.
d. Safety & Inclusivity: Warm-up & cool-down principles, adapting activities for
different abilities, safe use of equipment and space.
4. Learning Outcomes of movement education
Demonstrate control in basic locomotor, non-locomotor, & manipulative skills.
Apply movement concepts in structured and unstructured settings.
Show creativity and adaptability in movement activities.
Work cooperatively in movement tasks.
Understand safety considerations during movement activities.
5. Assessment Methods of movement education
Observation checklists (skill performance).
Peer and self-assessment.
Creative movement projects.
Practical demonstrations.
2.Physical Fitness Module:
i. Aim of Physical Fitness Module,
ii. Structure of Physical Fitness Module,
iii. Content Areas of Physical Fitness Module,
iiii .Learning Outcomes of Physical Fitness Module,
v. Assessment Methods & tools of Physical Fitness Module
1.Aim, of the Physical Fitness Module
.Improve Health and Well-being
- Enhances cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition.
- Reduces the risk of chronic lifestyle diseases like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
.Foundation for Physical Performance
- Builds the stamina, strength, and agility required for sports and daily activities.
- Supports better posture, coordination, and balance.
.Promotion of Active Lifestyle
- Encourages lifelong habits of regular exercise and movement.
- Motivates learners to value health and fitness beyond the classroom.
.Mental & Emotional preparation
- Reduces stress, anxiety, and depression through physical activity.
- Improves self-confidence, focus, and emotional resilience.

.Skill Development
- Teaches proper exercise techniques and safe training methods.
- Develops goal-setting, self-discipline, and time management skills.
.Social & Teamwork Skills
- Encourages participation in group fitness activities and sports.
- Fosters cooperation, communication, and mutual support.
2. Structure of Fitness Education Module:
a). Introduction and Rationale:
.Overview of the importance of fitness for overall health and well-being.
.Relevance of fitness education in physical education and lifelong health.
Learning Objectives
•Clear goals for improving students’ physical fitness knowledge, skills, & habits.
•Development of both health-related and skill-related fitness components.
•Core Components: i. Health-related Fitness, ii. Skill-related Fitness •Curriculum
Content
•Theoretical concepts of fitness and exercise science.
•Practical sessions for skill acquisition and performance improvement.
•Safety measures, injury prevention, and warm-up/cool-down techniques.
•Teaching and Learning Strategies
-Activity-based learning with progressive overload principles.
-Use of games, drills, and challenges for engagement.
-Incorporation of technology for fitness tracking and feedback.
•Assessment Methods
-Pre- and post-fitness testing (e.g., endurance runs, flexibility tests, strength
assessments).
-Continuous observation of participation, effort, and improvement.
-Self-assessment and peer feedback tools.
•Resources and Facilities
-Access to gymnasium, playground, and fitness equipment.
-Instructional materials, fitness charts, and audiovisual aids.
•Progression and Adaptation
-Gradual increase in exercise intensity and complexity.
•Modifications for different ages, abilities, and special needs.
•Integration with Other Modules
-Links to nutrition education, movement education, and sports training.
-Cross-curricular activities promoting holistic development.
3. Content Areas of Fitness Education Module
Purpose: To develop students’ knowledge, understanding, and skills for maintaining
and improving personal fitness, fostering lifelong health and wellness.
i. Introduction to Fitness Education
Meaning and importance of fitness in daily life.
Difference between physical activity, exercise, and fitness.
Components of holistic fitness –physical, mental, social& emotional well-being.
Role of fitness in academic performance, mental health, and disease prevention.
ii. Components of Physical Fitness
a) Health-Related Components
Cardiorespiratory Endurance – aerobic capacity, stamina.
Muscular Strength – maximum force capacity.
Muscular Endurance – ability to sustain effort over time.
Flexibility – range of motion in joints.
Body Composition – lean mass vs. fat mass.
b) Skill-Related Components: Agility, Balance, Coordination, Power, Reaction Time,
Speed, coordinative abilities: Key Coordinative Abilities are:
Orientation Ability, Differentiation Ability, Reaction Ability, Balance Ability
Rhythmic Ability, Coupling Ability, Adaptation Ability
c) Principles of Fitness Training
Overload – pushing beyond current limits.
Progression – gradual increase in intensity.
Specificity – targeted exercises for desired results.
Individual Differences – tailoring programs.
Reversibility – loss of fitness after inactivity.
Recovery & Rest – importance in preventing overtraining.
d) Fitness Assessment: Pre-assessment for baseline data. Recording and tracking
progress. Through Standard fitness tests:
e) Designing a Personal Fitness Program
Goal setting (SMART goals).
Choosing appropriate exercises (aerobic, anaerobic, strength, flexibility).
Structuring workout sessions (warm-up, main activity, cool-down).
Safety considerations and injury prevention.
Tracking progress and making adjustments.
f) Nutrition & Lifestyle for Fitness
Basics of healthy eating for performance and recovery.
Hydration guidelines.
Importance of sleep and stress management.
Avoiding harmful substances (tobacco, alcohol, performance-enhancing drugs).
g) Practical Activities
Aerobic activities (running, cycling, swimming).
Strength training (bodyweight, resistance bands, weights).
Flexibility routines (static and dynamic stretching, yoga).
Skill-based games for agility, balance, and coordination.
Group fitness activities (circuit training, HIIT, dance fitness).
h).Evaluation & Reflection
Post-assessment comparing progress with baseline.
Self-reflection journals on fitness journey.
Peer feedback sessions.
Final project: creating and presenting a 4–6 week personal fitness plan.
4. Learning Outcomes of the Physical Fitness Module:,
•Understand the concept, importance, and components of physical fitness.
•Demonstrate improved cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition.
•Apply correct techniques for various exercises & activities safely & effectively.
•Develop the ability to design & follow a personal (goals & needs) fitness plan.
•Gain knowledge of warm-up, cool-down, and injury-prevention strategies.
•Exhibit enhanced coordination, balance, agility, and overall motor skills.
•Monitor & evaluate progress using appropriate tools & methods.
•Cultivate discipline, consistency & motivation to maintain lifelong fitness.
•Understand the role of nutrition, rest, & recovery in performance & well-being.
•Promote teamwork, cooperation, & positive attitude during group fitness activities.
(Aim, Structure, Content Areas, Learning Outcomes, Assessment Methods & tools)
5. Assessment Methods of the Physical Fitness Module:
•Observation Method: monitoring posture, patterns, & quality of movement.
•Field Tests – conducting fitness tests in open or sports field settings.
Laboratory Tests: using controlled environments & tools for precise measurements.
Self-Assessment: individuals record & evaluate own performance using set guidelines.
Standardized Test applying structured test
Questionnaires & Fitness Surveys: collecting data on activity habits, health history, &
perceived fitness levels.
Anthropometry : assessing height, weight, skinfolds, and girth measurements.
Performance-Based Testing: measuring outcomes in fitness components
Continuous Monitoring: tracking progress with regular check-ups and retests.
Use of Technology: use wearable devices, apps, & digital tools for real-time fitness tracking.
Assessment Tools: Assessment Tools for the Physical Fitness Module:
Body Mass Index (BMI) – to assess weight status in relation to height.
Skinfold Calipers – for estimating body fat percentage.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) – for body composition measurement.
Sit & Reach Test: to evaluate flexibility, of the lower back & hamstrings.
Handgrip Dynamometer: for measuring grip & muscular strength.
1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) Test – to assess maximal muscular strength.
Push-Up Test – for evaluating upper body muscular endurance.
Curl-Up Test – to measure abdominal muscular endurance.
Vertical Jump Test – to gauge lower body power.
20-Metre Shuttle Run (Beep Test): for aerobic endurance & cardiovascular fitness.
1.6 km (1 Mile) Run/Walk Test – to assess cardiovascular endurance.
VO₂ Max Estimation Tests – for measuring maximal oxygen uptake.
Agility T-Test – to assess speed and agility.
Illinois Agility Test – to evaluate quick directional changes.
Sit-Up or Plank Hold Duration – for core stability and endurance.

3. The Academic-Discipline Module of Physical Education

i. Aim of Academic-Discipline Module,
ii. Structure of Academic-Discipline Module,
iii. Content Areas of Academic-Discipline Module,
iiii .Learning Outcomes of Academic-Discipline Module,
v. Assessment Methods & tools of Academic-Discipline Module
1.Aim Key Contributions are:
Knowledge Foundation in Physical Education
provides scientific understanding of human movement, anatomy, physiology, and
biomechanics.
Builds theoretical knowledge to support practical application in sports and physical
activities.
a). Development of Critical Thinking
Encourages analysis, evaluation, & problem-solving in sports science & PE
Fosters evidence-based decision-making in training and health practices.
b). Integration of Interdisciplinary Learning
Links physical education with psychology, sociology, nutrition, & pedagogy.
Promotes a holistic view of physical activity & its impact on individuals & society.
c). Support for Professional Competence
Equips learners with academic skills needed for teaching, coaching, and research.
Strengthens communication, planning, and presentation abilities.
d). Promotion of Lifelong Learning
Instills habits of continuous study and keeping updated with emerging trends in sports
science.
Encourages reading, inquiry, and engagement with scholarly resources.
e). Contribution to Policy and Program Development
Enables learners to design, evaluate, and improve physical education curricula and
sports programs.
Prepares them to contribute to institutional & community-level health initiatives.
2. Structure, Academic-Discipline Module of Physical Education:
a). Introduction and Orientation – Overview of Physical Education as an academic
subject and its scope in holistic development.
b). Theoretical Foundations– Study of concepts, principles, & history of P. E..
c). Scientific Basis: Integration of physiology, anatomy, biomechanics, & psychology in
understanding physical performance.
c). Curriculum Components: Structured units on health education, sports science, and
movement education.
d).Skill Development: Progressive learning of motor skills, sports techniques, and
tactical knowledge.
e). Research & Inquiry: Encouragement of evidence-based practices, projects, and
fieldwork.
f). Assessment Methods: Use of written tests, practical exams, & continuous
evaluation to measure knowledge and performance.
g). Interdisciplinary Links: Connections with other subjects such as biology, sociology,
and education.
h). Practical Application: Lab sessions, sports participation, & teaching practice.
i). Progression and Levels: Structured from basic to advanced topics to ensure
academic growth.
j). Professional Preparation: Training for careers in teaching, coaching, fitness, and
sports management.
3.Content Areas, Academic-Discipline Module of Physical Education:
a). Theoretical Foundations of Physical Education
•History, philosophy, and principles of physical education.
•Understanding the role of physical education in overall human development.
•Integration of PE with other academic subjects for holistic learning.
b). Human Anatomy and Physiology
•Basic structure and functions of the human body.
•Systems related to physical activity: muscular, skeletal, cardiovascular, & respiratory.
•Physical growth and developmental stages of learners.
b). Kinesiology and Biomechanics
•Principles of body movement and posture.
•Understanding efficiency and safety in physical activities.
•Application of biomechanical principles to sports and exercise.
c).Health Education and Wellness
•Principles of healthy living and disease prevention.
•Nutrition and balanced diet for learners.
•Mental health awareness and stress management techniques.
d). Motor Learning and Skill Development
•Stages of motor skill acquisition.
•Coordination, agility, and balance enhancement.
•Methods to improve reaction time and accuracy in movement.
e). Psychology of Physical Education and Sports
•Motivation, self-esteem, and confidence building.
•Coping with competition, stress, and pressure.
•Promoting teamwork, leadership, and social responsibility.
f).Adapted Physical Education
•Inclusion strategies for differently-abled learners.
•Modifying activities to suit individual needs.
•Ensuring equal participation and opportunity.
i).Safety, Injury Prevention, and First Aid
•Rules for safe participation in physical activities.
•Identification and management of common sports injuries.
•First aid skills and emergency response training.
j).Evaluation and Assessment in Physical Education
•Measuring physical fitness and skill performance.
•Tracking learner progress for academic and personal growth.
•Using assessment to encourage continuous improvement.
k).Ethics and Values in Sports and Physical Education
•Fair play and sportsmanship.
•Respect for diversity and inclusion.
•Discipline, perseverance, and integrity in both sports and life.
4.Learning Outcomes of Academic-Discipline Module of Physical Education:
•Demonstrate a clear understanding of the theoretical foundations of P. E.
•Apply scientific principles from anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, &psychology to physical
activity and sports.
•Analyse the role of Physical Education in promoting lifelong health and wellness.
•Exhibit knowledge of the historical, philosophical, & sociological aspects of P. E.
•Interpret & apply rules, techniques & strategies of various activities sports & P.E.
•Integrate interdisciplinary knowledge to enhance performance and skill development.
•Conduct basic research & evaluate evidence-based practices in Physical Education.
•Develop critical thinking & problem-solving skills in sports & health-related contexts.
•Communicate effectively using academic & professional language related to P.E. •Display
ethical values, fair play, & inclusivity in sports & educational environments.
5.Assessment Methods & tools of Academic-Discipline Module of Physical Education:
i. Assessment Methods
Written Examinations– Multiple-choice, short-answer, & essay questions to test
theoretical understanding of physical education concepts.
Oral Presentations: Assessing clarity, depth, & ability to explain academic concepts in
PE.
Research Projects– Evaluating investigative skills & application of academic theories
to practical scenarios.
Case Study Analysis– Critical evaluation of real-life situations related to sports
science & education.
Portfolio Assessment: Compilation of assignments, reports, & reflective journals.
Peer and Self-Assessment: Encouraging reflective learning & collaborative evaluation.
Quizzes & Class Tests – Short, periodic assessments to track ongoing progress.
ii. Assessment Tools
Rubrics & Scoring Guides: Standardized criteria to evaluate assess & presentations.
Observation Checklists– Monitoring participation, engagement, & analytical skills
during activities.
Written Test Papers – Structured tools for assessing academic knowledge.
Project Evaluation Sheets: Criteria-based assessment of research & project work.
Digital Learning Platforms: Online quizzes, discussion boards, & assessment modules.
Interview & Viva Formats: Direct oral questioning to assess conceptual depth.
Feedback Forms– Collecting qualitative feedback for student improvement.
4. The Social-Development Module of Physical Education:
i. Aim of Social-Development Module,
ii. Structure of Social-Development Module,
iii. Content Areas of Social-Development Module,
iiii .Learning Outcomes of Social-Development Module,
v. Assessment Methods & tools of Social-Development Module
1. Aim of Social-Development Module of Physical Education
To foster the holistic development of learners by enhancing their social skills, emotional
intelligence, cooperation, empathy, and responsible behavior through physical education
activities that encourage teamwork, respect for diversity, and positive interpersonal
relationships, thereby preparing them to function effectively and harmoniously in society.
Objectives: By the end of the module, learners should be able to:
•Demonstrate effective communication in team and group settings.
•Show respect for rules, officials, teammates, and opponents.
•Cooperate with others to achieve common goals.
•Display leadership and followership skills appropriately.
•Manage conflict constructively in competitive & cooperative environments.
•Appreciate diversity and inclusivity in sports and activities.
Means and Methods
a). Team-based Activities
•Organizing games & sports that require shared responsibilities & mutual support.
•Conducting group challenges & relay events to promote teamwork.
1.Role-Playing & Simulation
•Using dramatization and scenario-based activities to practice conflict resolution and
empathy.
•Simulating real-life social situations to build problem-solving skills.
2.Peer Learning and Leadership Opportunities
•Assigning rotating leadership roles during activities to develop responsibility and
decision-making skills., Encouraging peer coaching and mentoring.
3. Inclusive Participation
•Designing activities that ensure participation of all learners regardless of ability or
background.
•Encouraging mixed-ability groupings to promote respect for diversity.
4.Discussion and Reflection Sessions
•Conducting post-activity discussions to reinforce values like respect, fairness, &
cooperation.
•Using guided reflection journals to help students self-assess their social interactions.
5. Community Engagement
•Organizing outreach sports or physical activities involving community members.
•Involving learners in volunteering projects related to sports and wellness.
6.Recognition and Positive Reinforcement
•Rewarding positive social behaviors through acknowledgment or certificates.
•Celebrating team achievements to reinforce collective success over individual wins.

2. Structure of Social-Development Module of Physical Education

Goal of Social-Development Module, Fostering Teamwork, Respect, and Community through
Physical Education
a). To enhance learners’ interpersonal skills, empathy, and civic responsibility through
structured physical activities that promote social cohesion & mutual respect.
b). Demonstrate cooperation and teamwork in various group activities.
Show respect for peers, opponents, officials, and equipment.
Exhibit empathy and inclusivity in diverse social settings.
Apply conflict resolution strategies in sporting contexts.
Participate actively in community and service-oriented sports events.
c). Content Areas
Interpersonal Skills in Sports – Communication, listening, non-verbal cues.
Teamwork & Collaboration – Roles, leadership, support.
Respect & Sportsmanship – Fair play, respect for rules.
Cultural Awareness in Sports – Understanding diversity and inclusivity.
Conflict Resolution – Problem-solving in competitive and cooperative settings.
Community Service through Sports – Volunteering, organizing events.
d). Teaching–Learning Methods
Cooperative Learning Games – Small-group tasks requiring shared goals.
Role-Play & Simulation – Handling disputes, leadership challenges.
Peer Coaching – Teaching and learning from classmates.
Service-Learning Projects – Organizing sports for local communities.
Reflective Discussions – Guided talks after activities to reinforce social lessons.
e). Assessment Methods
Observation Checklists – Teacher records of teamwork and cooperation.
Peer Assessment – Feedback from teammates on collaboration and respect.
Self-Reflection Journals – Personal entries on social learning experiences.
Practical Demonstrations – Group challenges or community events.
Project Reports – Documentation of service-learning activities.
f). Time Allocation
Duration: 8–12 sessions (1–2 hours each)
Distribution: 60% practical activities, 40% reflection and discussion
g). Resources Required
Sports equipment for team games.
Open play areas or indoor sports hall.
Flip charts or digital displays for reflection sessions.
Community contacts for service projects.
3. Content Areas of Social-Development Module of Physical Education,
Content Areas include in a Social-Development Module of P.E.is as under:
a).Interpersonal Skills Development
•Effective verbal and non-verbal communication
•Active listening skills
•Conflict resolution and negotiation strategies
b).Teamwork and Cooperation
•Roles and responsibilities in group activities
•Building trust & mutual respect
•Collaborative problem-solving tasks
c).Leadership and Responsibility
•Leadership roles in sports and games
•Decision-making under pressure
•Accountability and role modeling
d).Empathy and Cultural Sensitivity
•Understanding diversity in teams
•Promoting inclusivity and fair play
•Respect for different abilities & backgrounds
e).Ethics and Sportsmanship: Fair play principles: Respect for Rules, Opponents,
Officials and Decisions, Teammates, Honesty and Integrity, Equality and Inclusion,
Self-Control, Commitment and Effort, Safety and Care, Promotion of Positive Values.
Honesty & integrity in competition. Managing success and failure gracefully
f).Community Engagement through Physical Activities
•Organizing community sports events
•Volunteering in physical education programs
•Promoting health and fitness awareness
g).Self-Management and Emotional Regulation
•Handling frustration and aggression constructively
•Goal setting and motivation strategies
•Building self-confidence through participation
h).Collaboration Across Age and Skill Levels
•Peer mentoring in sports
•Supporting younger or less skilled participants
•Adaptive games for inclusion
4. Learning Outcomes of Social-Development Module of Physical Education: By the
end of this module, learners will be able to:
a).Demonstrate Respect & Fair Play
•Exhibit respect for teammates, opponents, officials, & rules during sports & physical
activities.
b).Show Effective Teamwork Skills
•Collaborate constructively with peers, taking on various roles & responsibilities within
a team setting.
c).Communicate Positively
•Use clear, respectful, and encouraging verbal & non-verbal communication during
games, training, and group activities.
d).Display Leadership & Responsibility
•Take initiative in organizing & guiding peers while ensuring inclusion & safety in
physical activities.
e).Apply Conflict Resolution Strategies
•Manage disagreements constructively & promote harmony within the sporting
environment.
f).Embrace Cultural & Social Diversity
•Show openness & sensitivity toward individuals from different backgrounds and
abilities in sports participation.
g). Promote Ethical Behavior
•Uphold integrity, honesty, & fairness both on & off the field.
h).Encourage Inclusion & Participation
•Support & motivate peers of all abilities to actively engage in physical activities.
i).Reflect on Personal Social Growth
•Identify & evaluate personal strengths & areas for improvement in social interaction
through sports.
j).Transfer Social Skills Beyond Sports
•Apply cooperation, respect, & responsibility learned in sports to everyday life
situations.
5. Assessment Methods & tools of Social-Development Module of sports and Phy.
Education
Assessment Methods
•Observation: Monitoring student behavior, teamwork, & interaction during activities.
•Peer Assessment: learner asses each other’s cooperation, communication, & sportsmanship.
•Self-Assessment – Learners reflect on their own social skills and participation.
•Performance Tasks: Role-plays, group challenges, leadership activities to see collaboration.
•Participation Records – Tracking attendance, engagement, and willingness to contribute.
•Teacher Evaluation – Structured rubrics assessing respect, fairness, and responsibility.
•Scenario-Based Assessment – Judging responses to hypothetical conflict or ethical situations.
•Portfolio Assessment – Collection of reflections, feedback forms, and activity logs.
Assessment Tools
•Rubric/Rating Scale – Criteria-based scoring for teamwork, respect, and fair play.
•Checklist – Simple yes/no tracking of observed behaviors.
•qualitative Records – Short written notes documenting significant social interactions.
•Questionnaires & Surveys: see attitudes toward cooperation, diversity, & leadership.
•Video Analysis – Reviewing recorded sessions to assess social behavior.
•Peer Feedback Forms – Structured formats for student-to-student evaluation.
•Participation Log Sheets – Daily or weekly records of involvement in activities.
•Reflection Journals – Written or digital logs of personal growth and challenges faced.
To sum-up the Social-Development Module of Physical Education
The Social-Development Module in Physical Education focuses on enhancing an
individual’s interpersonal skills, cooperation, and sense of responsibility through
physical activities & group participation. Its key contributions include:
•Promotion of Social Skills
•Development of Leadership Qualities
•Building Positive Relationships
•Enhancement of Cultural Awareness
•Encouraging Ethical and Fair Play
•Support for Emotional and Mental Well-being
Core Components / Content Areas
a). Interpersonal Skills
b). Teamwork and Cooperation
c). Sportsmanship and Fair Play
d). Leadership and Followership
e). Conflict Resolution
f). Cultural and Social Inclusion
Teaching and Learning Methods
Cooperative Games – Activities where success depends on collaboration.
Role-Play Scenarios: Practicing communication, leadership, & conflict resolution.
Team Sports – Rotating roles to experience different responsibilities.
Group Projects – Designing inclusive games or tournaments.
Reflection Sessions: Group discussions & journaling on teamwork experiences.
Assessment Methods
Observation Checklists – Tracking participation, cooperation, and fair play.
Peer Feedback – Students assess each other’s teamwork and communication.
Self-Reflection Logs – Journals on personal growth in social skills.
Practical Performance Demonstrating teamwork & leadership in activities.
Group Project Evaluation: Assessing the inclusivity & cooperation in planning.
6. Expected Outcomes Students will:
Build confidence in group settings.
Demonstrate respect for diversity.
Show improved ability to cooperate and lead.
Manage conflict constructively.
Apply learned social skills beyond sports.

5. Sport-Education Module of physical education:

1.Aim, Sport-Education Module of physical education
2.Structure, Sport-Education Module of physical education
3.Content Areas, Sport-Education Module of physical education
4.Learning Outcomes, Sport-Education Module of physical education
5.Assessment Methods & tools) Sport-Education Module of physical education
1.Aim & objectives of Sport-Education Module of physical education
Aim: To foster lifelong engagement in sports by providing students with authentic,
inclusive, and enjoyable sport experiences that develop physical skills, tactical
understanding, teamwork, and personal responsibility within a structured learning
environment.
Suggested Objectives
By the end of the module, learners should be able to:
Skill Development: Demonstrate fundamental and sport-specific skills with increasing
accuracy and consistency.
Tactical Understanding: Apply basic strategies and rules to effectively participate in
structured sport situations.
Teamwork & Cooperation: Work collaboratively with peers in various team roles,
showing effective communication and support.
Personal & Social Responsibility: Exhibit leadership, respect, and responsibility both
on and off the field.
Knowledge of Sport: Understand the history, rules, and cultural significance of
selected sports.
Fitness & Health Awareness: Recognize the physical and mental health benefits of
sustained participation in sports.
Lifelong Engagement: Develop motivation and confidence to engage in sports beyond
the school environment.
2.Structure, Sport-Education Module of physical education
1. Introduction
•Provide an overview of sport as an educational tool for physical, social, and
emotional development.
•Emphasise the importance of active participation, fair play, and teamwork.
2. Aims & Objectives
•Promote lifelong engagement in physical activity through sport.
•Develop skills, knowledge, & attitudes essential for responsible sporting participation.
•Encourage leadership, cooperation, and respect for diversity.
3. Key Components
a).Curriculum Design
•Incorporate a variety of sports (team, individual, recreational).
•Include progressive skill development from basic to advanced levels.
•Link sport participation with understanding of rules, strategies, history.
b).Learning Stages
Foundation Stage: Introduction to basic motor and game skills.
Development Stage: Application of tactics, teamwork, and decision-making.
Performance Stage: Competitive play with advanced techniques & sportsmanship focus.
c).Teaching–Learning Approaches
•Use small-sided games for active engagement.
•Integrate modified rules to match learner ability levels.
•Employ peer learning and leadership opportunities.
d).Practical & Theory Balance
•70% practical participation, 30% classroom/theory-based learning.
4).Organisation & Implementation
•Session Structure: Warm-up>Skill/Tactical Drills>Game Play>Cool Down.
•Assessment Points: At the start, mid-term, and end of the module.
•Equipment & Facilities: Ensure safety, accessibility, & sport-specific resources.
5).Assessment & Evaluation
•Skill Assessment: Observation checklists and performance rubrics.
•Knowledge Assessment: Written/oral tests on rules, tactics, & sport history.
•Behavioural Assessment: Evaluation of teamwork, leadership, & fair play.
6. Inclusion & Adaptation
•Adapt rules, equipment, and activities for diverse ability levels.
•Provide inclusive opportunities for all learners to participate and excel.
7. Safety Guidelines
•Pre-activity safety checks on equipment and environment.
•Proper warm-up and cool-down routines.
•First-aid readiness and injury management protocol.

3.Content of Sport-Education Module of physical education:

A).Introduction to Sport Education
•Concept, purpose, and scope of sport education in physical education
•Benefits for physical, mental, and social development
b). Sport Skills Development
•Fundamental motor skills and sport-specific techniques
•Progressive skill acquisition from basic to advanced levels
•Drills for accuracy, coordination, and control
•Fundamental sport-specific techniques passing, dribbling, shooting, serving)
•Advanced tactical skills for competitive situations
•Refinement of movement patterns for efficiency
c). Tactical Knowledge Awareness and Game Strategies
•Understanding rules and regulations of various sports
•Offensive and defensive strategies & tactics
•Game rules, regulations, and officiating skills
•Decision-making under pressure situations during competitive play
d). Physical Conditioning
Sport-specific conditioning programs
Testing and monitoring fitness progress
e). Game Play & Competition Experience
•Structured practice matches, formal competitions and scrimmages
•Tournament organization and participation
•Role rotation (player, referee, coach, scorekeeper) for holistic understanding, Fair
play, etiquette, and respect for opponents
f). Performance Analysis
•Use of video feedback for technique refinement and performance tracking

•Statistical tracking of individual and team performance

Self and peer evaluation for continuous improvement
•Setting performance improvement goals
g). Sportsmanship & Teamwork
•Communication and collaboration within a team
•Leadership and responsibility roles in sport settings
•Respect for opponents, officials, and fair play principles
•Respect, integrity, and fair play principles
•Conflict resolution and positive communication
•Inclusion and diversity in sport
h).Role and Responsibility in Sport
•Player roles and positional responsibilities
•Leadership, officiating, and coaching basics
•Team management and organization skills
i). Psychological Skills Training
•Goal-setting and performance planning
•Focus and concentration improvement techniques
•Stress management and motivation strategies
j). Injury Prevention & Recovery
•Warm-up and cool-down routines specific to the sport
•Basic first aid and sports injury management
•Recovery techniques (stretching, hydration, rest protocols)
•Safe use of equipment and facilities
4.Learning Outcomes of Sport-Education Module of physical education
•Improved sport skills and understanding of game structure
•Greater appreciation for roles beyond playing (officiating, coaching, organizing)
•Enhanced teamwork, leadership, and responsibility
•Development of a positive sporting culture
Approach to Formulating Learning Outcomes
1.Align with Module Objectives
2.Use Outcome-Oriented Language
3.Cover All Learning Domains
•Cognitive: Understanding rules, tactics, and strategies of various sports.
•Psychomotor: Executing skills, techniques, and movements effectively.
•Affective: Displaying sportsmanship, cooperation, and respect for diversity.
4.Sequence from Basic to Advanced
5.Ensure Measurability and Assessability
6.Incorporate Real-World Application
7.Promote Inclusivity and Lifelong Learning
5.Assessment Methods & tools in Sport-Education Module of physical education
Formative Assessment – Observation checklists, peer feedback
Summative Assessment – Skill tests, match performance, knowledge quizzes
Self-Assessment – Reflection journals or performance diaries

a).Performance-Based Assessment
•Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) – evaluates decision-making,
skill execution, and support during gameplay.
•Sport-Specific Skill Tests – measuring passing accuracy, dribbling control, shooting
precision, serving accuracy, etc.
•Time-Motion Analysis – tracking movement intensity, positioning, and work-to-rest
ratios.

b). Observational & Rubric-Based Assessment

•Peer and Teacher Observation Checklists – structured criteria for assessing
sportsmanship, teamwork, and leadership.
•Analytical Rubrics – clear scales for evaluating skill proficiency, tactical awareness,
and fair play.

c). Knowledge & Understanding Assessment

•Written or Oral Quizzes – rules, strategies, and safety principles of the sport.
•Tactical Problem-Solving Tasks –scenario-based decision-making exercises.

d). Self & Peer Assessment

•Reflection Journals– students record their performance goals, learning progress, and
self-evaluations.
•Peer Feedback Forms– structured input on teammates’ contributions and skill
improvements.

e). Physical Fitness & Readiness Testing

•Pre- and Post-Module Fitness Tests – agility, endurance, flexibility, and sport-specific
fitness components.
•Heart Rate Monitoring– evaluating training intensity & workload management.
f). Technology-Assisted Assessment
•Video Analysis – reviewing recorded performance for technique correction and
tactical feedback.
•Digital Performance Tracking Apps – logging skill practice, match statistics, and
progress charts.
6.Adventure-Education Module:
1.Aim, Adventure-Education Module of physical education
2.Structure, Adventure-Education Module of physical education
3.Content Areas, Adventure-Education Module of physical education
4.Learning Outcomes, Adventure-Education Module of physical education
5.Assessment Methods & tools Adventure-Education Module of physical education
The Adventure-Education Module in Physical Education plays a vital role in fostering
personal growth, teamwork, and resilience among learners. Its key contributions
include:
•Development of Problem-Solving Skills – Engages participants in challenging
activities that require critical thinking and creative solutions.
•Promotion of Teamwork and Cooperation – Encourages collaboration, trust, and
communication in group-based adventure tasks.
•Enhancement of Self-Confidence and Risk-Taking – Builds courage to face new
challenges and overcome fears in a safe, structured environment.
•Improves Physical Fitness– Improves strength, stamina, coordination, and flexibility
through outdoor and physically demanding activities.
•Environmental Awareness – Cultivates respect for nature and a sense of
responsibility towards environmental conservation.
•Leadership Development – Offers opportunities to take initiative, make decisions,
and guide others.
•Stress Management and Emotional Resilience – Provides experiences that help
learners adapt to pressure, uncertainty, and change.
Adventure & Outdoor Education.
1. Introduction: Adventure Education is an experiential learning approach that uses
outdoor and adventure-based activities to promote physical fitness, problem-solving,
leadership, cooperation, and personal growth.
It encourages individuals to challenge themselves physically, mentally, and socially
through non-traditional physical education settings.
2. Objectives
•Develop physical fitness through challenging outdoor activities.
•Foster teamwork, cooperation, and trust among participants.
•Improve decision-making and problem-solving skills.
•Promote environmental awareness and respect for nature.
•Build self-confidence, resilience, and adaptability.
•Encourage responsible risk-taking in a safe, supervised environment.
3. Core Components / Content Areas
Outdoor Skills Training
•Navigation & map reading (orienteering)
• Rope work & knot tying
• Campcraft (tent pitching, cooking outdoors)
• Safety and first aid
Adventure-Based Activities
- Rock climbing / bouldering
- Trekking / hiking
- Rappelling / abseiling
- River crossing
- Canoeing / kayaking
- Cycling expeditions
Team-Building Challenges
- Low rope and high rope courses
- Trust falls
- Group problem-solving tasks
- Cooperative obstacle courses
Environmental & Sustainability Education
- Leave No Trace principles
- Wildlife and ecosystem awareness
- Conservation practices during activities
Risk Management & Safety
- Understanding and minimizing hazards
- Use of safety equipment
- Emergency response procedures
4. Methodology
Experiential Learning Cycle: Experience → Reflection → Conceptualization →
Application
Learning through direct participation in outdoor challenges.
Facilitator-led debrief sessions to draw personal and group learning points.
Progressive skill development from simple to complex activities.

7.Adapted Physical Education (APE) Module:

1. Aim, objective of Adapted Physical Education Module
2. Structure of Adapted Physical Education (APE) Module
3. Content Areas, of Adapted Physical Education (APE) Module
4. Learning Outcomes, of Adapted Physical Education (APE) Module
5. Assessment Methods & tools) of Adapted Physical Education (APE) Module
1. Aim, objective of Adapted Physical Education Module
1. Foundation of the Aim
•Focus on Inclusion: Ensure the aim reflects equal opportunity for participation by
students with diverse abilities.
•Holistic Development: Include physical, social, emotional, & cognitive growth.
•Well-being & Quality of Life: Emphasize improvement of functional abilities,
confidence, and independence.
•Educational Alignment: Link to broader Physical Education and national inclusive
education goals.
To provide a safe, inclusive, and supportive environment that enables learners with
diverse physical, sensory, or intellectual abilities to participate in meaningful physical
activities, fostering overall fitness, functional skills, self-esteem, and social integration.
2. Framework for Objectives
When framing objectives, follow SMART principles (Specific, Measurable, Achievable,
Relevant, Time-bound) and address different dimensions of student development.
a) Physical Development
•Enhance motor skills, balance, coordination, and functional mobility.
•Improve cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility.
•To develop individualized physical activity programs suited to each learner’s
functional abilities.

b) Skill Adaptation: To improve motor skills and functional independence through

progressive activities.

•Provide modified equipment, rules, and techniques to enable participation.

•Develop individualized activity plans based on ability levels.
c) Social & Emotional Development: To promote social interaction, cooperation,
and respect among learners of varied abilities.
•Foster cooperation, teamwork, and respect for diversity.
•Build confidence and positive self-concept.
d) Educational & Lifelong Skills
•Teach knowledge of safe movement patterns and injury prevention.
•Encourage lifelong engagement in adapted recreational activities.
•To increase awareness & understanding of inclusive practices among all participants.
•To equip learners with skills & motivation for lifelong adapted physical activity
participation.
2. Structure of Adapted Physical Education (APE) Module:
a). Clear Framework Structure of Adapted Physical Education (APE) Module
• Title & Scope: Clearly define the module’s name and coverage (e.g., for children
with physical, cognitive, or sensory disabilities).
• Aim & Objectives: Write broad aims first, then specific objectives that are
measurable and attainable.
b). Logical Sequence of Sections:
• Introduction & Rationale Why APE is important, legal/educ. mandates.
• Learner Profile – Categories of disabilities and individual needs.
• Aims & Objectives – Broad goals and specific measurable outcomes.
• Content Areas – Skills, activities, and knowledge domains.
•Instructional Strategies– Teaching approaches, modifications, & adaptations.
• Assessment Methods – Tools, criteria, and progress tracking.
• Resources & Equipment – Adapted apparatus, technology, facilities.
• Safety Guidelines – Precautions, medical considerations, emergency plans.
• Implementation Plan – Timelines, schedules, and progression levels.
c). Use Adaptation Principles
• Modify rules, equipment, environment, and instructional methods.
• Ensure activities can be scaled up/down depending on functional ability.
d). Balance Physical, Social, and Cognitive Goals
• Include motor skills development, social participation, confidence, & independence.
e). Keep Assessment Continuous
• Use formative assessments (ongoing checks) & summative assessments (end-of-
module).
• Include both quantitative (scores, times) and qualitative (observations, feedback)
measures.
f). Include Collaboration Guidelines
• Outline how teachers, therapists, parents, and caregivers will be involved.
g). Plan for Documentation
• Maintain activity logs, progress reports, & individualized educ. plans (IEPs).
3. Content Areas, of Adapted Physical Education (APE) Module
a). Introduction to Adapted Physical Education
•Concept, definition, and need for APE
•Historical background and development
•Legal mandates and policies (e.g., inclusive education guidelines)
b). Principles and Philosophy of APE
•Equality and inclusion in physical activity
•Individualized approach to learning
•Adaptation vs. modification in teaching methods
c).Types and Categories of Disabilities
•Physical disabilities (orthopedic, neuromuscular, mobility impairments)
•Sensory disabilities (visual, hearing impairments)
•Intellectual and developmental disabilities •Multiple disabilities
d).Assessment in APE
•Screening and evaluation tools
•Functional ability assessment
•Designing Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)
e). Instructional Strategies
•Modifying activities for accessibility
•Use of assistive devices and equipment adaptations
•Differentiated teaching methods
f). Curriculum Planning for APE
•Selecting suitable activities
•Integrating APE with general PE curriculum
•Goal setting and progress tracking
g).Motor Skills Development
•Fundamental motor skills for children with disabilities
•Coordination, balance, and posture improvement techniques
•Fitness activities for various needs
h).Adapted Sports and Recreational Activities
•Inclusive team sports (e.g., wheelchair basketball, goalball)
•Aquatic therapy and swimming adaptations
•Outdoor and adventure activities for differently-abled individuals
i).Safety Considerations in APE
•Risk management and injury prevention
•Emergency response protocols
•Environmental adaptations for safe participation
j).Collaboration and Support Systems
•Working with special educators, therapists, and parents
•Community resources and support networks
•Advocacy for inclusive physical activity
4. Learning Outcomes, of Adapted Physical Education (APE) Module
a). Focus on Functional and Holistic Development
•Address physical, motor, cognitive, social, and emotional aspects of learning.
•Ensure outcomes reflect functional independence and daily life applicability for
learners with disabilities.
b). Use Clear, Measurable Action Verbs
•Apply Bloom’s Taxonomy verbs like demonstrate, perform, adapt, participate, identify,
execute rather than vague words like understand or learn.
e.g.: "Demonstrate safe and effective wheelchair maneuvering in a gym
environment."
c). Emphasize Inclusivity and Accessibility
•Outcomes should reflect adaptations in rules, equipment, and teaching methods to
suit individual needs.
•e.g.: "Participate in modified team games using adapted equipment to
encourage inclusion."
d). Balance Skill Acquisition with Enjoyment
•Ensure learning outcomes don’t only focus on skill mastery but also enjoyment, self-
confidence, and motivation in physical activity.
e). Link to Broader Educational Goals
•Align outcomes with national physical education standards, inclusive education
policies, and individualized education program (IEP) objectives.
h). Incorporate Progressive Achievement Levels
•Design outcomes in tiers (basic, intermediate, advanced) to cater to diverse abilities.
e.g..., •Basic: Identify basic body movements.
•Intermediate: Perform adapted locomotor skills with minimal assistance.
•Advanced: Participate independently in an adapted team game.
i). Highlight Social Participation Skills
•Include outcomes that develop teamwork, communication, and peer interaction, not
just physical performance.
j). Ensure Outcomes Are Time-Bound •State expected achievement within a specific
timeframe (e.g., "By the end of the module…").
5. Assessment Methods & tools of Adapted Physical Education (APE) Module
1. Purpose of Assessment in APE
•To identify individual learner’s physical, motor, and functional abilities.
•To determine specific needs for adaptation and inclusion in physical activities.
•To measure progress towards set goals in motor skills, fitness, & participation.
•To guide individualized instruction and program modification.
•To ensure equitable participation and safety.
2. Guiding Principles of Adapted Physical Education
a).Individualization: Assessments should reflect each learner’s unique abilities and
limitations.
b).Inclusivity: Ensure fair, bias-free evaluation methods for all participants.
c).Functionality: Focus on skills & movements relevant to daily living & sport
participation.
d).Progress Orientation: Assess improvement over time, not just absolute
performance.
e).Multi-Method Approach: Use a combination of observation, performance tests, and
self-report.
3. Recommended Assessment Methods of Adapted Physical Education
•Observation-Based Assessment
•Continuous monitoring during activities.
•Recording participation levels, engagement, and social interaction.
•Performance Tests
•Motor skills tests (gross and fine motor coordination).
•Balance, agility, flexibility, and reaction time measures.
•Functional Movement Analysis
•Assessment of basic locomotor and non-locomotor skills.
•Task analysis to identify barriers and modifications needed.
•Self-Assessment & Peer Assessment
•Adapted questionnaires with visual aids for understanding.
•Feedback on enjoyment, perceived competence, and comfort level.
•Portfolio Assessment: Collection of student work, progress charts, and
photographs/videos of participation.
4. Assessment Tools of Adapted Physical Education
Tool Name Purpose Example/Notes

1•Brockport Physical Fitness Test 1•Measures H.R.F. young 1•Adapted aerobic, strength,
(BPFT) people with disabilities & flexibility tests

2•Test of Gross Motor Development 2•Evaluates fundamental 2•Locomotor & object control
(TGMD) motor skills skill assessment

3•Functional Movement Screen 3•Identifies movement 3•Modified for disability-

(FMS) limitations specific needs

4•Hand-Held Dynamometer 4•Measures muscular 4•Adapted grip or limb test

strength
5•Modified Fitness gram 5•Tracks HRF fitness 5•Includes adapted push-
ups, curl-ups, etc.

6•Observation Checklists 6.Tracks skill performance 6.Customized for each

and participation learner’s program

7•Adaptive Behaviour Scales 7.Measures independence & 7. Relevant in inclusive

social interaction sports settings
5. Documentation & Feedback of Adapted Physical Education
Maintain individual progress reports with baseline and follow-up scores.
Use visual progress charts for learner motivation.
Share feedback with parents, caregivers, and multidisciplinary teams.
Adjust teaching strategies based on assessment outcomes.

i. Movement Education Module.

ii. Physical fitness Module.
iii. Social Development Module.
iiii. Academic-Discipline Module.
v. sports education module.
vi Adventure Education Module.
vii. Adaptation education Module.
1.Aim of module
2. Structure of module
3. Content Areas of module
4.Learning Outcomes of module
5.Assessment Methods & tools of module
Importance of Physical Education in All-Round Development of an Individual
Physical Education (PE) is an extensive holistic approach to human development that
focuses on nurturing the body, mind, and character through structured physical
activities, sports, and fitness programs.
PE aims to promote lifelong well-being and enhance an individual’s capacity to
perform effectively in daily life, academics, and society. Main focus is on:
a). Physical Development.
b). Mental & Cognitive Development
c). Emotional Development
d). Social Development
e). Moral & Ethical Development
1. Physical Development:
i. Improves overall fitness components H.R.F & S.R.F.
ii. Enhances motor skills and body control.
iii. Promotes healthy growth, posture, and body composition.
iiii. Builds immunity and reduces risk of lifestyle-related diseases.
i. Fitness Components H.R.F & S.R.F
a). Muscular Strength: The maximum force a muscle or muscle group can exert
against resistance.
Role in Sports:
•Enhances power in actions like jumping, tackling, and throwing.
•Improves posture and movement resistance.
•Provides a solid base for developing speed and explosive power in sports.
b). Endurance (Cardiorespiratory)
i. Anaerobic endurance is your body’s ability to repeatedly perform short, intense
bursts of exercise 2 to 2o sec.
Role in Sports: Anaerobic
• Supports sustained performance in endurance sports
• Delays onset of fatigue and aids recovery between high-intensity bursts.
• Improves overall energy efficiency in games with continuous movement.
ii. Aerobic endurance: Ability of the heart, lungs, and circulatory system to supply
oxygen efficiently during.
iii. Muscular Endurance: The ability of muscles to sustain repeated contractions over
time.
Role in Sports: Aerobic
i. Allows continuous skill execution without loss of quality. (rowing, cycling,).
ii. Delays muscle fatigue in repetitive actions swimming strokes or running strides.
c). Flexibility: The range of motion available at a joint.(Static & dynamic)
Role in Sports:
•Improves technical execution of skills (e.g., gymnastics, martial arts, dance).
•Reduces risk of muscle strains and joint injuries.
•Enhances agility and fluidity in movements.
d). Agility: Ability to change body position / direction quickly & efficiently while maintaining
control/balance.
Role in Sports:
•Key in games & sports where quick changes of direction are constant.
•Improves defensive and offensive drive, in court and field sports.
e). Speed: Ability to move quickly from one point to another in the shortest possible
time.
Role in Sports:
•Vital for sprint events, breakaways in football, quick offensive plays in tennis.
•Enhances reaction and response times during competitive situations.
f). Balance: Ability to maintain stability whether stationary (static balance) or moving
(dynamic balance).
Role in Sports:
•Essential for sports with complex body control like gymnastics, and surfing.
•Improves stability in contact sports and during rapid directional changes.
g). Coordination: Ability to use body parts smoothly and efficiently together.
Role in Sports:
•play key role in executing complex skills in sports, basketball dribbling, or volleyball
spiking.
•Enhances skill learning and precision in performance.
h). Reaction Time: Time taken to respond to a stimulus.
Role in Sports:
•Improves start performance in sprints or swimming.
•Critical for intercepting a ball in games like tennis, badminton, or baseball.
ii• Develop Motor Skills and Role in Holistic Health
Types of Motor Skills and Their Role in Holistic Health
1. Gross Motor Skills: Large muscle movements involving arms, legs, & torso.
Role in Holistic Health:
•Builds muscular strength, endurance, and cardiovascular health.
•Enhances coordination, stability, and spatial awareness.
•Encourages active participation in sports and outdoor activities.
2. Fine Motor Skills: Small, precise movements by hands, fingers, & wrists.
Role in Holistic Health: •Improves hand–eye coordination.
•Strengthens dexterity and precision.
•Supports academic tasks like note-taking and creative expression.
3. Locomotor Skills: Movements that transport the body from one place to another.
e.g. Walking, skipping, leaping, hopping, crawling.
Role in Holistic Health: •Promotes cardiovascular endurance.
•Develops rhythm, balance, and agility.
•Encourages exploration and active lifestyle.
4. Non-Locomotor (Stability) Skills: Movements performed without changing
location, focusing on stability and posture. Stretching, bending, twisting,
Role in Holistic Health: •Improves flexibility and joint mobility.
•Strengthens core stability and posture.
•Aids in injury prevention and body control.
5. Manipulative Skills: Handling and controlling objects using hands, feet, or other
body parts. e.g. Throwing, catching, kicking, dribbling, striking.
Role in Holistic Health:
•Enhances coordination between visual input and motor response.
•Builds precision, timing, and reaction speed.
•Supports team games and recreational sports participation.
6. Perceptual-Motor Skills: Integration of sensory information (sight, sound, touch)
with movement. e.g. Dodging an obstacle while running, reacting to a moving ball.
Role in Holistic Health:
•Boosts reaction time and situational awareness.
•Strengthens brain–body connection.
•Improves safety awareness and adaptability.
To learn these different types skills basic to mastery (which never take place)

Professional Preparation in Physical Education: (PPPE)

PPPE refers to the formal & organized preparation, training to train individuals for
different roles in Sports & Physical Education sector.it is of two types:
I. Pre-service & ii. During service.
•PPPE is a structured & systematic process designed to prepare individuals with the
essential knowledge, practical skills, positive attitudes, & professional competencies
necessary for successful careers in Phy. Edu, & it’s related fields.
•It Prepare a Roadmap to grow the Physical Education (PE) Profession
a). PPPE includes:
•Academic Education:– To Build a strong knowledge base in the scientific foundations
of physical, sports,& movement education, allied sports sciences & related disciplines.
•Practical Training: Gaining hands-on experience in sport-specific techniques, training
& coaching methods, & programme management. organisation & administration on
events.
•Skill Development: Cultivating interpersonal, leadership, & communication abilities
essential for working with diverse populations & teams.
•Administrative & Organisational Competence: Demonstrating the qualities of an
effective administrator & organizer for phy. edu. & sports programmes.
•Ethical & Professional Standards: Upholding principles that promote safety, inclusivity,
fairness, & professional integrity.
b). The PPPE aims to:
•Develop Physical Competence – Foster mastery of essential skills, movement
patterns, and sport-specific techniques.
•Enhance Pedagogical Proficiency:– Equip learners with effective teaching, coaching,
and instructional strategies for diverse populations.
•Promote Health & Wellness – Enable professionals to advocate and implement
programs that encourage active, healthy lifestyles.
•Advance Research & Innovation – Encourage evidence-based practices, continuous
improvement, and the development of new approaches in the field.
•Cultivate Leadership Qualities:– Prepare individuals to lead programs, manage
teams, and guide community or institutional initiatives.
•Build Subject Expertise – Develop in-depth knowledge in Physical Education, Sports
Science, & allied disciplines.
•Train in Scientific Methodologies– Provide professional skills in teaching, coaching,
research, & performance enhancement using scientific approaches.
•Prepare for Diverse Career Pathways:– Facilitate readiness for careers in Physical
Education, sports, healthcare, fitness, & related industries.
•Instill Ethical & Cultural Awareness – Foster integrity, inclusivity, cultural sensitivity,
and respect for diversity in practice.
•Bridge Theory & Practice:– Enable the practical application of academic knowledge in
real-world physical activity and sports contexts.

c). Scope of Professional Preparation in Physical Education

Teaching & Coaching– Preparing individuals to instruct in schools & higher edu., clubs,
& professional sports settings.
Sports Science & Research– Training for careers in biomechanics, physiology, sports
psychology, & performance analysis.
Fitness & Wellness Industry– Equipping professionals to work in gyms, rehab centers,
corporate wellness programs, & community health initiatives.
Sports Administration & Management– Developing skills for managing sports
organizations, events, facilities, and athlete programs.
Rehabilitation & Therapeutic Services:– Preparing specialists for injury prevention,
physical therapy, & adapted physical education.
Recreational & Adventure Education:– Enabling delivery of outdoor education, leisure
programs, & recreational sports activities.
Policy & Advocacy:– Training professionals to influence policies promoting physical
activity, health, & inclusive sports.
Lifelong Physical Activity Promotion:– Encouraging engagement in sports & exercise
across all ages & populations.
d). Importance of Professional Preparation:
It is basis to ensuring excellence in teaching, coaching, & program delivery.
•Quality Teaching: Well-trained educators are equipped to design & implement
structured, safe, & effective physical activity programs which promote skill
development and overall well-being.
•Lifelong Impact: Competent professionals foster positive attitudes toward physical
activity, inspiring individuals to engage in active lifestyles.
•Adaptability: A strong PPPE enables educators to effectively address diverse learner needs,
including those of students with disabilities or varying skill levels.
•Professional Credibility: PPPE enhances employability, professional recognition, &
trust within the sports, health, & education sectors.
•Contribution to Public Health: Qualified practitioners play a pivotal role in reducing
sedentary behaviors & promote active living.
To sum-up Professional preparation in P. E. is a cornerstone for building competent
educators, coaches, & sport managers who can foster physical literacy, promote
health, & develop athletic potential.
A well-structured preparation program ensures that professionals are academically
sound, technically skilled, ethically grounded, & capable of adapting to the changing
dynamics of physical activity & sport in the modern era.
•Certificate course in Physical Education after S.S.C Pass (C.P. Ed.)
•Diploma course in Physical Education for graduates. (D.P.Ed., B.P.E., B.P.Ed.)
•Degree course in Physical Education to in Physical Education after H.S.C.
•Degree course in Physical Education to in Physical Education after U.G.
•Master's course in Physical Education after graduation in Physical Education
•M.Phils. course in PE after master’s degree in Physical Education.
•Ph.D. in Physical Education:-Doctorate in PE after MPE/M.Phil. in PE.
•Upgrading the Diploma in Physical Education to Degree in Physical Education after
graduates in some states start the Diploma in Physical Education(D.P.Ed.) for
graduates was upgraded to the Degree in Phy. Edu.

II. During-Service Professional Preparation in Physical Education

In-Service Training & Refresher Courses
•Regular workshops and refresher courses to update teachers on new pedagogical
trends, techniques, and policies.
•Helps bridge the gap between academic preparation and field realities.
Continuing Professional Development (CPD)
•Ongoing skill enhancement through seminars, short-term courses, & conferences.
•Encourages adaptation to modern teaching methods, technology, and fitness science.
Specialized Coaching & Certification
•Opportunities for certifications in areas like sports psychology, fitness, yoga, APE.
•Enhances professional credibility and versatility.
Research & Innovation in Teaching
Use of Technology in Physical Education
Mentorship & Peer Collaboration
Performance Evaluation & Feedback
Adaptation to Inclusive Education
Policy Awareness & Implementation.
Lifelong Learning Orientation.
Institution providing PPPE. In India:
1. Y.M.C.A. College of Physical Education: stands as a prestigious, historic institution
with comprehensive programs, exceptional facilities, a deeply inclusive culture, and a
legacy of shaping leaders in physical education.
•Founded in September 1920, by Harry Crowe Buck, an American physical education
pioneer. Buck's vision catalyzed the Olympic movement in India, earning him the title
"Father of Physical Education in India"
•It began academic operations in 1931 with certificate, diploma, degree, & doctoral
programs under the University of Madras.
It broke ground as the first physical education college in South & Southeast Asia and
took its place as one of India's oldest such institutions
•Y.M.C.A offers rich opportunities across academic from certification, diploma, U.G.&
P.G & Doctoral degree and athletic domains. Now Affiliated with the Tamil Nadu
Physical Education and Sports University (TNPESU),

2. H.V.P.M Amravati: Pioneer Institution in Physical Education. Established in 1914 by

the Vaidya brothers, HVPM is among the oldest organized institutions dedicated to
physical education in India.
It laid the foundation for structured physical training in the country by blending
traditional Indian exercises like Mallakhamb, Lezim, & Wrestling with modern sports
and scientific training methods.
Development of Professional Physical Education Programs. HVPM has been a major
center for training Phy. Edu. teachers, coaches, & sports administrators. Through its
B.S.S.M. College of Physical Education, it offers recognized programs such as
D.Y.Ed., D.P.Ed B.P.E.S., B.P.Ed., M.P.Ed.& Doctoral, contributing significantly to the
supply of qualified professionals across schools, colleges, and sports organizations in
India.
Development of Professional Physical Education Programs. HVPM has been a major
center for training Physical Education teachers, coaches, and sports administrators.
Through its B.S.S.M. College of Physical Education, it offers recognized programs
such as D.Y.Ed., D.P.Ed B.P.E.S., B.P.Ed., M.P.Ed.& Doctoral, contributing significantly
to the supply of qualified professionals across schools, colleges, and sports
organizations in India.
3. Lakshmibai College of Physical Education was established in (1957).
ICPE=1957,
L.N.C.P.E. =1982
L.N.I.P.E= 1995
LNUPE=2000
L.N.I.P.E=2017

•Lakshmibai National institute of Physical Education began its life In 1957,

-as a Lakshmibai College of Physical Education (LCPE), in memory of Rani
Lakshmibai of Jhansi, affiliated to college to Vikram University till 1964.
•in 1973, the college was shifted its affiliation to Jiawaji University Gwalior.
•In 1982, L.C.P.E. college got a status of Autonomous college & renamed to
Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education. L.N.C.P.E. from LUCP
in 1995 further name change into Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical
Education. (L.N.I.P.E)
In 2000, L.N.I.P.E got a deemed university status, & it named change as Lakshmibai
National University of Physical Education (LNUPE) was accepted when it was
declared, by the Government of India, as a deemed university, handing over the affairs
to the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, which is funding all its activities.
In 2017, it was renamed as Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical
Education (L.N.I.P.E) as it was earlier, after a UGC's order to not use "University"
word in deemed university's name.
Physical Education (LNCPE)now LNIPE conduct Certificate, UG,PG,DOCTORL courses:
i. A three-year course leading to the bachelor’s degree in Physical Education (B.P.E).
now four-year (B.P.E.S)course It is open to those who have passed the Higher
Secondary School Examination,

ii. A two-year P.G. course in Physical Education (M.P.E). It is open to those who have
B.P.E. or graduate degree or its equivalent with Post-graduate Diploma or bachelor’s
degree in Physical Education,

iii. A three-year summer course leading to the master’s degree in Physical Education
has been introduced since 1973, It was open to those who have done B.P.E. degree,
B.A., B.Com, B.Sc. degree with Post-graduate Diploma in Physical Education or
bachelor’s degree in Physical Education.
The course is covered in three summers, each consisting of three and a half month's
duration, now this summer course is not in existence.

iv. M.Phil., in Physical Education course begins from the middle of July every year. The
duration of the course will be of two semesters for the regular and four semesters for
the part-time students.
v. The college also provide facilities for students preparing themselves for pre-
Doctorate Doctoral, post Doctorate in Physical Education.

On 17th August 1985 another National College of Physical Education had been started
at Trivandrum. This institute conducts a three-year course in Physical Education
leading to B.P.E. degree. From 1992 the college has also started a master’s degree in
Physical Education.
3. University offer physical education courses:
Indian universities and institutes established by the government either central or state
for physical education and sports:
National / Central Government Institutions:
Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE), Gwalior
A deemed university under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. Originally formed
in 1957 and elevated to deemed-university status in 2000.
National Sports University (NSU), Imphal, Manipur 2018;
A central sports university under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports offering
programs like BSc in Sports Coaching and BPES.
Lakshmibai National College of Phy.Edu Thiruvananthapuram & Aasam
Another SAI-affiliated institution offering B.P.Ed, M.P.Ed, MPhil, PG diploma, etc.,
established in 1985.
State Government Sports/Physical Education Universities
Tamil Nadu Physical Education and Sports University (TNPESU), Chennai
India's first state-level sports university, established in September 2005, offering
degrees like B.P.Ed, M.P.Ed, MSc, MBA in Sports Management, MTech in Sports Tech,
etc.
Swarnim Gujarat Sports University (SGSU), Desar (Vadodara), Gujarat
Established in 2011, it's the second state sports university in India after TNPESU.
Offers bachelor’s, master’s, and research programs
Maharaja Bhupinder Singh Punjab Sports University (MBSPSU), Patiala, Punjab
State sports university established via legislation in August 2019; functions from a
transit campus in Patiala.
Sri Sri Aniruddha Deva Sports University, Chabua (Dibrugarh), Assam
Public state university established by the Assam Act of 2018; started academic
functioning in 2020 offering four-year B.P.Ed (Hons) per NEP 2020.
Under‐Development State Sports Universities: Several other states have taken
legislative or planning steps to establish sports universities, though these are not yet
fully operational:
Andhra Pradesh Sports University proposed in Kadapa;
Maharashtra International Sports University, proposed in Pune –
Himachal Pradesh Sports University – proposed in Kangra district;
Uttar Pradesh Sports University, Meerut – bill passed in 2021;
Bihar Sports University, Rajgir – bill passed in July 2021; under development.
Rajasthan Sports University, Jhunjhunu district – proposed,
Delhi Sports University (DSU) – mentioned in listings; likely established
Additional Government Institutions with Physical Education Focus
While not full-fledged sports universities, several government colleges and
departments across Indian universities offer robust physical education degrees:
Indira Gandhi Institute of Phy. Education & Sports Sciences (IGIPESS), Delhi
Physical Education Departments at:
University of Mumbai
Punjabi University (Patiala)
Guru Nanak Dev University (Amritsar)
University of Calicut
University of Madras
Annamalai University
Osmania University,
Professional Preparation in Physical Education
PPPE it is of two types i. Pre-service PPPE, ii. Inservice PPPE,
I. Pre-service Professional Preparation
Pre-service professional preparation in physical education refers to the Knowledge &
experiences provided through structured academic & practical training provided to
prospective physical education teachers, coaches, & sports professionals before they
formally enter the profession.
It is an essential foundation that equips trainee with the necessary knowledge,
pedagogical skills, & professional competencies required to effectively deliver physical
education in schools, colleges, & community settings.
2. Core Components of Pre-service Preparation
a) Academic Coursework
 Foundations of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
 Anatomy, Physiology, and Kinesiology
 Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine
 Health Education, Nutrition, and First Aid
 Psychology and Sociology of Sports
 Research Methods and Statistics
b) Professional Skills Development
 Pedagogical theories and instructional strategies
 Lesson planning, curriculum design, and evaluation techniques
 Classroom and field management skills
 Communication and leadership training
c) Practical Training
 Mastery of fundamental motor skills and sports techniques
 Exposure to various individual, dual, and team games
 Physical fitness assessment and conditioning methods
 Adapted physical education for students with special needs
d) Teaching Practice / Internship
 Supervised teaching in schools or colleges
 Development of lesson plans, demonstrations, and assessment methods
 Reflection, feedback, and professional growth
3. Characteristics of Pre-service Preparation
 Comprehensive: Integrates theory, practice, and research.
 Progressive: Encourages innovation, creativity, and adaptability.
 Professional-Oriented: Focuses on real-world application in educational & sports
settings.
 Student-Centered: Prepares teachers to address diverse learning needs & promote
inclusivity.
4. Significance
 Builds competence and confidence in teaching physical education.
 Ensures quality in school and collegiate physical education programs.
 Promotes a culture of health, fitness, and lifelong physical activity.
 Enhances employability and professional identity of physical education graduates.
 Contributes to national goals of physical fitness, talent development, and sports
excellence.
To Conclude
Pre-service professional preparation in physical education is a cornerstone in shaping
future teachers, coaches, and physical activity leaders. By combining scientific
knowledge, pedagogical expertise, and practical training, it ensures that physical
educators are well-prepared to foster health, fitness, and holistic development among
learners.
II. During-service Professional Preparation
During-service professional preparation refers to the continuous education, training,
and development opportunities available to physical education teachers and
professionals after they have entered the profession. This ongoing process ensures
that professionals remain updated with contemporary trends, pedagogical innovations,
and scientific advancements in sports and physical education.
Key Components of During-service Preparation:
- In-service training programs and workshops aimed at upgrading teaching
methodologies and incorporating modern technology into physical education.
- Refresher courses and advanced certifications to provide updated knowledge in
areas such as fitness testing, sports medicine, and coaching science.
- Participation in seminars, conferences, and professional development programs for
knowledge sharing and networking with experts in the field.
- Continuous self-improvement through research engagement, publication writing, and
action research in school or institutional settings.
- Development of new skills aligned with evolving demands, such as inclusive
education practices, digital pedagogy, and health promotion programs.

1. PPPE includes: •Administrative & Organisational Competence,

•Academic Education,
•Practical Training
•Skill Development
•Ethical & Professional Standards
2. Aim. •Pedagogical Proficiency. •Promote Health & Wellness,
•Research & Innovation, •Cultivate Leadership Qualities,
•Subject Expertise, •Train Scientific Methodologies,
•Career Pathways, Bridge the gap Theory & Practice
Scope: •Teaching & Coaching, Sports Science & Research,
•Fitness & Wellness Industry,
•Sports Administration & Management,
•Recreational & Adventure Education,
Importance: •Lifelong Impact •Adaptability:
•Quality Teaching , •Professional Credibility

Key Components of Academic Coursework

•Theoretical Foundations, . •Pedagogical and Methodological Studies , . •Practical Skill
Development, •Research & Professional Development

(iii)Professional preparation in Physical education: SAI, NSNIS Program – NSO, NCC,

NSS.
Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports (NSNIS), Patiala
An academic wing of the Sports Authority of India, established in 1961, offering
diplomas and degrees in sports coaching and sports medicine
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur Coaching Scheme started 1953,
Coaching Scheme started by the Government of India in 1953, under the supervision
of Rajkumari Amrit Kaur with the help of foreign coaches to training to athlete of
different sports which is merge NSNIS
National Institute of Sports (NIS):
•The National Institute of Sports was established on 7th May 1961 under the control of
SNIPES to herald an era of systematic & scientific sports coaching.
•In the year 1973, the Institute was dedicated to the memory of Netaji Subhas Chandra
Bose.
•After merger of SAI & SNIPES in 1987, the Institute became the Academic Wing of
Sports Authority of India. It is considered a Premier Sports Institute in Asia. The
Institute is located at Moti Bagh Palace, Patiala (Punjab).
Aims and Objectives of the Institute
•To conduct short & long term academic courses in sports coaching, sports sciences
and other related fields.
•To raise the competence of the coaches through the organization of refresher
courses.
•To conduct the National Coaching Camps for elite sportspersons, for international
competitions.
•To provide scientific back up to the elite sports persons, for achievements of high level
performance.
•To organize conferences, seminars, workshops, on sports-related subjects.
•To serve as a source of information and counseling, on sports infrastructure, through
experts.
•To implement the sports promotion schemes of SAI.
•Organization of National level competitions of the sports promotion schemes of
Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports(MoYAS)
•Identification of sports talent at national level competitions of sports promotion
schemes of Govt. of India, for further grooming.
• To provide scientific training in sports coaching.
•To conduct academic & diploma courses for preparing professional coaches.
•To promote research in sports sciences such as exercise physiology, biomechanics,
sports psychology, and sports medicine.
•To upgrade the knowledge & skills of coaches through refresher & advance courses.
•To serve as a hub for talent identification & athlete development.
Academic & Training Programmes
•Diploma in Sports Coaching in various sports disciplines
•Certificate & Refresher Courses for in-service coaches to update their skills.
•Specialized programmes in sports sciences.
•Collaborative training with international experts for high-performance athletes
Courses conducted by N.S.N.I.S.
1. Diploma Course in Sports Coaching (1 year)
•Conducted across the main campus at Patiala and sub-centres in Bangalore, Kolkata,
and Thiruvananthapuram in 26 sports disciplines.
2. M.Sc. in Sports Coaching (2 years)
•Affiliated with Punjabi University, Patiala; offered only at NSNIS, Patiala.
•In in Athletics, Football, & Gymnastics).
3. Certificate Course in Sports Coaching (6-week) Conducted at Patiala, Bangalore,
Kolkata, Thiruvananthapuram. & different sub-enters spread all over India.
4. Skill Development Programmes
A Sports Massage course (Basic and Advanced) of three-week duration was
conducted twice in 2023 in collaboration with the London School of Massage.
5. Six-Month Certificate Courses in Sports Sciences: Under an MoU with Sri
Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai. Specializations
include:
 Strength & Conditioning
 Sports Psychology
 Sports Nutrition
 Sports Physiotherapy
6. P.G. Diploma Programmes
P.G. Diploma in Sports Performance Analysis started in July 2023
P.G. Diploma in Strength & Conditioning, Started in July 2023
P.G. Diploma in Sports Nutrition, Launched in July 2023
7. ASCA (Australian Strength and Conditioning Association) Level-1 Course
•Optional opportunity provided to students of the P.G. Diploma in S & C.

Career in Physical Education:

In order to train teachers in Physical Education and sports to cover students in
educational institutions, the following courses have been instituted by various state
Government for pre service Professional preparation.
•Certificate course in Physical Education after H.S.C Pass (C.P. Ed.)
•Diploma course in Physical Education for graduates. (D.P.Ed., B.P.Ed.)
•Degree course in Physical Education to in Physical Education after H.S.C.
 •Degree course in Physical Education to in Physical Education after U.G.
•Master's course in Physical Education after graduation in Physical Education.
•M.Phils. course in PE after master’s degree in Physical Education.
•Ph.D. in Physical Education:-Doctorate in PE after MPE/M.Phil. in PE.
Upgrading the Diploma in Physical Education to Degree in Physical Education after
graduates in some states start the Diploma in Physical Education for graduates was
upgraded to the Degree in Physical Education.
Career in Physical Education:
i. Eligibility requirement Academic qualification
ii. Skill set Requirements:
a. Athletic Skills-
b. Organizational Skills-
c. Teaching Skills:-
d. Other Skills
•Awareness of the environmental effect on human health.
•Good Explanation & interpretation Ability.
•Interpersonal Skills.
•Knowledge of Health Issues and Physical Activity.
•Mentoring counselling & Guiding skills.
•Motivation, Empathy and Leadership Skills.
•Observation & Analytical Skills.to give feedback and way’s to correct it.
iii. Career in Physical Education, Employment Areas:
Teaching Profession– Physical Education teachers in schools, colleges, &
universities.
 Sports Coaching: Coaching athletes & teams in schools, academies, & professional
clubs.
 Fitness & Wellness Industry–Personal trainers, gym instructors, & wellness
consultants.
 Sports Science & Research – Roles in biomechanics, exercise physiology, sports
psychology, and performance analysis.
 Rehabilitation & Therapy – Careers in physiotherapy, sports injury management, and
rehabilitation centers.
 Recreational Program Management– Organizing and managing community sports
and recreation activities.
 Adventure & Outdoor Education– Guiding outdoor activities such as trekking,
camping, and adventure sports.
 Sports Administration– Event management, sports organization leadership, and
athletic program coordination.
 Armed Forces & Law Enforcement– Physical training instructors in police, military,
and paramilitary forces.
 Media & Communication– Sports journalism, commentary, & content creation.
 Entrepreneurship– Starting sports academies, fitness centers, or wellness startups.
 International Opportunities– Teaching, coaching, or training in overseas institutions
To Conclude Career in Physical Education
teaching, coaching, activity director,
 Physical Education Teacher –
 Sports Coach–
 Fitness Trainer / Personal Trainer – In gyms, health clubs, and wellness centers.
 Recreational Activity Director – Managing community & leisure sports programs.
 Adventure & Outdoor Educator–
 Sports Scientist–
 Sports Psychologist
 Physiotherapist / Rehabilitation Specialist,
 Athletic Trainer –.
 Sports technical Official–
 Sports Administrator –.
 Physical Trainer
 Sports Journalist / Broadcaster
 Entrepreneur in Sports & Fitness
 International Physical Education Expert

National Sports awards and Honors. National Sports awards. 1956–57

The National Sports Awards is the collective name given to the six sports awards, which is
considered the pinnacle of sporting honours hold in great respect in India.
•The National Sports awards are a given out to recognize the Athletes, Coaches &
Organisations for their notable achievements & great contribution for the growth &
advancement of sports in India.
•Sports awards are given to recognize the extraordinary achievement of athletes who
performed at national & international level in their respective sports.
•It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports.
•They are presented by the President of India in the same ceremony of celebration of national
sports day at the Presidential Palace, every year usually on 29 August Since 2004 which
marks the birthday of Indian hockey legend Major Dhyan Chand.
•It is done so as to enhance the player's & sports professionals, spirit and recognize their
achievements.
The six core awards known as India’s National Sports Awards are viz:
i. Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award earlier or The Khel Ratna Award, 1991-92
ii. The Arjuna Award. (1961)
iii. The Dronacharya Award. (1985)
iv. The Major Dhyan Chand Award. (2002)
v. The Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy (MAKA Trophy). (1956–1957)
vi. The Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar. (2009)
vii. National Adventure Award (1994), National Adventure Award has also been given out
along with six National Sports Awards, making it an informal part of the list.

National Sports Awards : National Sports Awards are given every year to
appreciate excellence of athlete in their respective sports.
1.Khel Ratna Award or Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award:
•The Khel Ratna Considered India’s highest sporting honour. was established in 1991-1992 as
the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award before
•in 2021 it was renamed to Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award
•The Khel Ratna is awarded for outstanding performances in sports at national and
international level spanning over a period of four years.
•It is given for the spectacular & most outstanding performance in the field of sports by a
sportsperson over the period of the previous four years.
winners get a medallion, a certificate and a cash prize.
i. Khel Ratna Award: Khel Ratna Award: Civilian award for contributions to Sports

Awarded for Highest sports honour in India

Sponsored by Government of India
Reward(s) ₹25 lakh
First awarded 1991–92
First winner Viswanathan Anand

Most recent Gukesh Dommaraju chess, Harmanpreet Singh, Praveen Kumar

winner 2024 Manu Bhaker

•Considered India’s highest sporting honour, the Khel Ratna was established in 1991-92 as
the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award before it was renamed to Major Dhyan Chand Khel
Ratna Award in 2021.
•The Khel Ratna is awarded for outstanding performances in sports spanning over a period of
four years.
•The award comprises "a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize of ₹25 lakh.
• Khel Ratna is awarded Instituted in 1991–1992, the award was given for the performance at
national & international level by a sportsperson every year of sports age .
•Based on the suggestions given by award selection committee 2014, the Ministry revised the
criteria in 2015 to consider the performance over a period of four years.
•The nominations for a given year are accepted till 30 April or last working day of April
respective year, with no more than two sportspersons nominated for each sports discipline.
•A twelve-member committee evaluates the performances of a sportsperson at various
International events Olympic Games, Paralympic, Asian & Common-wealth Games.
•The committee submits their recommendations to the Union Minister of Youth Affairs and
Sports for further consideration.
•Usually conferred upon only one sportsperson in a year, a few exceptions have been made
(1993–1994, 2002, 2009, 2012, and 2016–2023, 2024, 2025) when multiple recipients were
awarded khel Ratna in a year.
•As of 2024, there have been 63 recipients from fifteen sport
disciplines: Athletics, Badminton, Billiards, Boxing, Chess, Cricket, Gymnastics, Field-
hockey, Shooting, Snooker, Table-Tennis, Tennis, Wrestling, Weightlifting, & Yacht racing
awarded.
•Indian Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand was India’s first-ever Khel Ratna winner.
• Air Riffle shooter Abhinav Bindra, With more than 150 medals in his 22-year career, he is
the recipient of the Padma Bhushan,
he won the first-ever individual gold medal for India at the Olympics at Beijing 2008, He is
the youngest athlete to win the Khel Ratna. award in 2001, at the age of 18.
•Olympic bronze medal-winning weightlifter Karanam Malleswari was the first Indian woman
to receive the Khel Ratna in 1994-95.
•A legendary sporting figures like MC Mary Kom, PV Sindhu, Saina Nehwal, Vijender Singh,
Sachin Tendulkar, Virat Kohli are among other winners.
• The most recent 2024 recipient of the award India's
i. chess player Gukesh Dommaraju chess, along with
ii. Harmanpreet Singh captain cricket ,
iii. Praveen Kumar para athlete
iv. Manu Bhaker shooting has been conferred with the Major Dhyan chand Khel Ratna Award
for 2024.

2. Arjuna Award: establish in1961.sports performance 4 years

•It was India’s highest sporting honour before the Khel Ratna came into existence.
•The award is named after Arjuna, a character from the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata of ancient
India. Instituted in 1961.
•He is one of the Pandavas, depicted as a skilled archer, seen as a symbol of hard work,
dedication and concentration.
•The award is given for distinguished performance over a period of the previous four years &
showing leadership qualities, sportsmanship & a sense of discipline in Sports.
•Given out for consistent excellent performance over a period of four years.
•The winners of the Arjuna Award receive a statuette of Arjuna, a certificate and a cash prize.
•India’s football Olympian PK Banerjee was among the 20 recipients of the Arjuna Award in its
inaugural edition in 1961.
2024 Arjuna Award Winners :34 sports person from different sports are honoured by this
award.
•Hockey player Anna Lumsden was the first woman to win the Arjuna Award.
•As per existing rules, a Khel Ratna winner cannot be nominated for the Arjuna Award.
However, an Arjuna winner can be nominated for the Khel Ratna.
ii. Arjuna Award
 Awarded for: India’s highest sporting honour before the
Khel Ratna came into being.
Sponsored by: Government of India.
Reward(s): ₹15 lakh
First Awarded: 1961
Last Awarded: 2024
Highlights:
First winner: football Olympian PK Banerjee & Hockey
player Anna Lumsden
Last winners: 32 sport person from different sports
discipline

•The Arjuna Award, officially known as Arjuna Awards for Outstanding Performance in Sports
and Games is the sports honour of Republic of India.
•It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports.
•Before the introduction of the Khel Ratna Award in 1991–1992, the Arjuna award was the
highest sporting honour of India
•The award is given for consistent good performance over a period of four years,
•The award comprises “a bronze statuette of Arjuna, certificate, ceremonial dress, and a cash
prize of ₹15 lakh
The nominations for the award are received from:
•All government recognized National respective Sports Federations.
•The Indian Olympic Association,
•The Sports Authority of India (SAI).
•The Sports Promotion and Control Boards.
•The state and the union territory governments. and
•National sports awardees of the previous years.
•The recipients are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and are honoured for
their "good performance in the field of sports over a period of four years’"
•The award was expanded to include all the recognized disciplines in 1977. introduced
indigenous games & physically handicapped categories in and a lifetime contribution category
in 1995, leading to creation of a separate Dhyan Chand Award in 2002.

•The latest revision in 2018 stipulates that the award is given only to the disciplines included in
the events like Olympic Games, Paralympic Games Asian Games, Commonwealth
Games, World Championship & World Cup along with Cricket, Indigenous Games, and Para
sports.

•It also recommends that giving only fifteen awards in a year, relaxing in case of excellent
performance in major multi-sport events, team sports, across gender and giving away of at
least one award to physically challenged category.
Lists of recipients by year
•Arjuna Award recipients (1961–1969)-----95
•Arjuna Award recipients (1970–1979)-----136
•Arjuna Award recipients (1980–1989)-----147
•Arjuna Award recipients (1990–1999)-----147
•Arjuna Award recipients (2000–2009)-----151
•Arjuna Award recipients (2010–2019)-----178
•Arjuna Award recipients (2020) ----027
•Arjuna Award recipients (2021) ----035
•Arjuna Award recipients (2022) ----025
•Arjuna Award recipients (2023) ----020
•Arjuna Award recipients (2024) --------032
As total recipients of Arjuna awardees as of 2024 are: 993

iii. Dronacharya Award (1985)

•Dronacharya Award, instituted in1985, which is highest sports honour for Indian coaches.
•It is awarded to the coach for producing medal winners at prestigious international events.
•Interestingly, Dronacharya/Drona was Arjuna’s guru(coach) in the Mahabharata. •Awardees
receive a bronze statuette of Dronacharya, a certificate and a cash prize,
for outstanding coaching in competitive Sports is given to coaches for doing outstanding &
exceptional work on a consistent basis and for enabling sportspersons to excel, dominant in
International events.

The Dronacharya Award:

•Officially known as Dronacharya Award for outstanding Coaches in Sports coaching honour of
the Republic of India.
•The award is named after Drona, often referred as "Dronacharya", a character from
the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata of ancient India.
•He was Master of Advanced Military warfare & appointed as the royal preceptor/guru to
the Kaurava & the Pandava princes for their training in military arts and astras (Divine
weapons).

•It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.

•To awards are designated for the lifetime contribution in coaching where the achievements in
producing "outstanding sportspersons" over a period of 20 years or more are considered.
•As of 2020, the award comprises a bronze statuette of Dronacharya, a certificate, Ceremonial
dress, and a cash prize of ₹15 lakh.

•Instituted in 1985, the award is given only to the disciplines included in the events like Olympic
Games, Paralympic Games, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, World
Championship and World Cup along with Cricket, Indigenous Games, and Para sports.
•The nominations for a given year are accepted till 30 April or last working day of April. A
committee constituted for the purpose, evaluates the nominations and submits its
recommendations to the Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports for further approval.
• Awardees receive a bronze statue of Dronacharya, a certificate and a cash prize.
•Wrestling coach Balachandran Bhaskar Bhagwat,
•Boxing mentor Om Prakash Bharadwaj and
•Legendary athletics coach OM Nambiar, credited for molding Indian sprint queen PT Usha’s
career, were among the first Dronacharya Award winners.
•The first woman honoured the Dronacharya award was Athletics coach Renu Kohli in
2002.
•The Dronacharya Award is given out for both recent accomplishments and lifetime
contributions. it is given to coaches for "producing medal winners at prestigious international
events".

•As of 2024 total recipients of Dronacharya awardees are:142

Usually conferred upon not more than five coaches in a year, a few exceptions have been
made (2012 & 2016–2020) when more recipients awarded in a year.
for outstanding coaches in Sports and Games 2022
Dronacharya Award 2024 Winners List (Regular Category)
Coach Name Discipline

Subhash Rana Para-Shooting

Deepali Deshpande Shooting

Sandeep Sangwan Hockey

Dronacharya Award 2024 Winners List (Lifetime Category)
Coach Name Discipline
 S. Muralidharan Badminton

Armando Agnelo Colaco Football

4. Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime achievement in Sports 2002:

•Another award named after India’s hockey magician Dhyan Chand, the Major Dhyan Chand
Award represents India’s highest honour for lifetime achievements in sports since 2002.
•It is given to honour sportspersons who have contributed to sports by their dominant
& eminent, performance and who continue to contribute for the promotion of sports event after
their retirement.
The winners get a Dhyan Chand statuette, a certificate and a cash prize
Awarded for: Lifetime Achievement sporting honour in India.
Sponsored by: Government of India.
Reward(s): ₹10 lakh.
First awarded: 2002.
Last awarded: 2024.
Highlights: Total awarded 79,
First Awarded: Shahuraj Birajdar, Ashok Diwan, Aparna Ghosh,
Manuel Frederick, Arup Basak, Manoj Kumar, Nitin Kirtane
Last awarded: Ashwini Akunji C (Athletics), Dharamvir Singh
(Hockey), B C Suresh (Kabaddi), Nir Bahadur Gurung (Para
Athletics).
•Another award named after India’s hockey magician Dhyan Chand, the Major Dhyan Chand
Award represents India’s highest honour for lifetime achievements in sports.
•Presented for good performance & contributing towards the promotion of sports in an
individual capacity since 2002,
•Olympian boxer Shahuraj Birajdar, Indian men’s hockey team player Ashok Diwan and
Aparna Ghosh, an accomplished player and coach with the Indian women’s basketball team,
were the first recipients of this award.
•It is given to individuals for "lifetime contribution to sports development".
•The award comprises "a Dhyan Chand statuette, a certificate, ceremonial dress, and a cash
prize of ₹10 lakh
•As of 2024 total recipients of Major Dhyan Chand awardees are: 91

Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime achievement in Sports and Games

Recipient Sport
Ms. Manjusha Kanwar Badminton 2023:
Shri Vineet Kumar Sharma Hockey2023:
Ms. Kavitha Selvaraj Kabaddi2023:
Sucha Singh Athletics 2024
 Murlikant Petkar Para Swimming 2024

6. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy1956–1957:

The oldest National Sports Awards in India, the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy or
the MAKA Trophy was instituted in 1956–1957.
•It is given The overall top performing university in inter-university tournaments

•MAKA Trophy named in honour India’s first education minister Abul Kalam Azad. The award
is given to the university for top performance in inter-university tournaments over the last one
year.
V. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy:
Rolling Trophy awarded to the best overall university in sports.
Sponsored by : Government of India.
Reward(s) : ₹15 lakh,
First awarded : 1956–1957.
Last awarded : 2023.
First winner : Bombay, Mumbai University.
Recent winner : G. N. D. Amritsar.
Total awarded : as of 2023 67

•The oldest National Sports Awards in India, the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy or
the MAKA Trophy was instituted in 1956–1957.
•Named in honour of first education minister Abul Kalam Azad, the award is given to the univ.
for top performance in inter-university tournaments over the last one year.

•Bombay (Mumbai) University claimed the inaugural award but since then, the Guru Nanak
Dev University from Amritsar, Punjab, has dominated the winners’ list, clinching 22 of the 66
awards given out.

•The award comprises a rolling MAKA Trophy, that gets passed on to the winner each year,
and a cash prize.
•It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
•It is a rolling trophy awarded to the "overall top performing University in sports and promoting
competitive sports in University" over the preceding year.
•First position comprises "a rolling MAKA trophy and a cash prize of ₹15 lakh.
•Second position: universities receive cash prizes of ₹7.5 lakh and
•Third position: universities receive cash prizes of ₹4.5 lakh.
•The objective of the trophy is to promote competitive sports, excellence in sports, and
integrating sports and physical fitness amongst the Indian colleges and universities.
•Guru Nanak Dev University in Amritsar has won the trophy 24 times, most recently in the year
2022.
•Panjab University in Chandigarh has won the trophy 15 times, most recently in the year 2020,
while
•Delhi University based in Delhi has won the trophy 14 times, most recently in the year
2000–2001. Other winners include
•Punjabi University in Patiala, 10 times
•Bombay University Mumbai which won the inaugural trophy 3 times, and
•Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra once.
•As of 2022 total recipients of MAKA Trophy winner University are: 66
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy 2023:
Here’s the information about the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy 2023, formatted
into a table:
University Achievement
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar Overall Winning University
Lovely Professional University, Punjab 1st Runner-Up University
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 2nd Runner-Up University

5.Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar or National Sports Promotion Award 2009

(National Sports Promotion Award)
Award given for promotion and development of sports
in the country
Sponsored by: Government of India
First awarded: 2009
Last awarded: 2024
Highlights
Total awarded as of 2022 awards given 52

The Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar or National Sports Promotion Award is a sports
honour of the Republic of India.
•The name of the award in Hindi translates to National Sports Promotion Award.
•It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
•The award recognizes the "involvement of corporates, voluntary organizations, and sports
control boards,
•in the promotion & development of sports in the country" over the previous 3 years.
•The award was started in 2009 and the guidelines were revised in 2015.
Since the revision, entities in four categories are awarded:
•Identification and nurturing of budding and young talent,
•Encouragement to sports through corporate social responsibility,
•Employment of sportspersons &
•Sports welfare measures, & Sports for development.
As of 2023, the award comprises "a citation & a trophy in each categories"
As of 2023, a total of 52 awards have been bestowed on 39 different organizations and
individuals.
•The award is presented annually with the other five National Sports Awards and national
adventure
Five organizations have won the award more than once.
•Services Sports Control Board won the award in 2010 in two categories, and once in 2012
and 2013, for a total of four awards.
•Tata Steel won the award in 2009 in two categories and again once in 2010 for a total of three
awards.
•Two awards have been won by Railways Sports Promotion Board in 2009 & 2012
•Petroleum Sports Promotion Board in 2011 and 2013, and
•Oil and Natural Gas Corporation in 2014 and 2020.
•Awards in two categories.
i. establishment and management of sports academies of excellence, and
ii. financial support for sports excellence, were discontinued as a result of the 2015 award
scheme revision.
•It is given to corporate entities (both in private and public sector),
Sports Control Boards,
NGOs, including sports bodies at the State and National level,
who have played a visible & notable role in the area of sports promotion & development.
•Awarded to organisations or corporates (both private and public) and
individuals for playing a role in the area of sports promotion and development over the last
three years,
•The Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar has been a fixture in the National Sports Awards
list since 2009.
•Award given for promotion and development of sports in the country
Name of Award: Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar
 Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar: Instituted in 2009.
-Awarded to organizations and individuals for sports promotion and development.
-Categories include talent identification, corporate social responsibility, employment of
sportspersons, and sports for development.
2023: JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University), Odisha Mining Corporation Limited.
2024 (PEFI) Physical Education Foundation of India
7. Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award: 1994
•Established in memory of Tenzing Norgay’s in the year 1994.
•Tenzing Norgay, an Indian of Nepali origin, and Kiwi mountaineer Edmund Hillary were the
first two men to scale Mount Everest – the world’s highest peak.
•The adventure sports equivalent of the Arjuna Award, the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure
awards have been conferred alongside the six core national awards since 2004.
•Adventure Award seeks to recognize outstanding achievements in the adventure activities or
sports on land, sea and air. Activities like:
•Mountaineering,
•Sky diving,
•Open water swimming and
•Sailing are considered.
Before the award was established, accomplishments in adventure sports were also honoured
with the Arjuna Award.
Typically, the award is divided into four categories each year,
•land adventure,
•water (sea) adventure,
•air adventure and
•lifetime achievement.TM © 2022 – International Olympic Committee – All 53
As of 2019 total awardees 537

Awarded for Highest adventure sports

honour in India
Sponsored by Government of India
Reward(s) ₹5 lakh
First awarded 1994
Last awarded 2020/22
Highlights
Total awarded 139+7
Equivalent Arjuna Award

 Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award:

o It has been presented since 1993-1994 and is named after Tenzing Norgay, one of the
first two individuals to reach the summit of Mount Everest along with Edmund Hillary in
1953.
o The recipients are honored for their "outstanding achievement in the field of adventure
activities on land, sea and air" over the last three years.
o The status of this award is considered to be equivalent to the Arjuna Award conferred in the
field of sport.
 2022: Late Ms. Savita Kanswal (land), Shri Tulsi Chaitanya Mothukuri(water), Shri Anshu
Kumar Tiwari (air).
National Sports Awards 2024 Recipients
1. Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award 2024
Given For: Awarded for the most outstanding performance in sports over the past four
years.
S.N. Name of Recipient Sports Discipline Year
1 Shri Gukesh D (Chess) 2024
2 Shri Harmanpreet Singh (Hockey)
3 Shri Praveen Kumar (Para-Athletics)
4 Ms. Manu Bhaker (Shooting)
2. Arjuna Awards for Outstanding Performance in Sports 2024
Given For: Awarded for excellence in sports and showing leadership, sportsmanship, and
discipline.
S. N. Name of Recipient Discipline 2024
1 Ms. Jyothi Yarraji (Athletics)
2 Ms. Annu Rani (Athletic)
3 Ms. Nitu (Boxing)
4 Ms. Saweety (Boxing)
5 Ms. Vantika Agrawal (Chess)
6 Ms. Salima Tete (Hockey)
7 Shri Abhishek (Hockey)
8 Shri Sanjay (Hockey)
9 Shri Jarmanpreet Singh (Hockey)
10 Shri Sukhjeet Singh (Hockey)
11 Shri Rakesh Kumar (Para-Archery)
12 Ms. Preeti Pal (Para-Athletics)
13 Ms. Jeevanji Deepthi (Para-Athletics)
14 Shri Ajeet Singh (Para-Athletics)
15 Shri Sachin Sarjerao Khilari (Para-Athletics)
16 Shri Dharambir (Para-Athletics)
17 Shri Pranav Soorma (Para-Athletics)
18 Shri H Hokato Sema (Para-Athletics)
19 Ms. Simran (Para-Athletics)
20 Shri Navdeep (Para-Athletics)
21 Shri Nitesh Kumar (Para-Badminton)
22 Ms. Thulasimathi Murugesan (Para-Badminton)
23 Ms. Nithya Sre Sumathy Sivan (Para-Badminton)
24 Shri Sajan Prakash (Swimming)
25 Shri Aman (Wrestling)
26 Ms. Manisha Ramadass (Para-Badminton)
27 Shri Kapil Parmar (Para-Judo)
28 Ms. Mona Agarwal (Para-Shooting)
29 Ms. Rubina Francis (Para-Shooting)
30 Shri Swapnil Suresh Kusale (Shooting)
31 Shri Sarabjot Singh (Shooting)
32 Shri Abhay Singh (Squash)
3. Arjuna Awards (Lifetime) for Outstanding Performance in Sports 2024
Given For: Awarded to retired sportspersons who continue to contribute to the promotion of
sports
S. N. Name of Recipient Discipline 2024
1 Shri Sucha Singh (Athletics)
2 Shri Murlikant Rajaram Petkar (Para-Swimming)

4. Dronacharya Award for Outstanding Coaches in Sports and Games 2024

Given For: Awarded for consistent excellence in coaching and enabling athletes to excel in
international events. Regular Category
S. N. Name of Recipient Discipline 2024
1 Shri Subhash Rana (Para-Shooting)
2 Ms. Deepali Deshpande (Shooting)
3 Shri Sandeep Sangwan (Hockey)
Dronacharya Award for Outstanding Coaches in Sports and Games 2024
Given For Lifetime Category
1 Shri S Muralidharan (Badminton)
2 Shri Armando Agnelo Colaco (Football)
5. Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar
Given For: Awarded to entities that have made significant contributions to the promotion of
sports in the country.
Sr. No Name of the Entity Physical Education Foundation of India 2024

6. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy 2024

Given For: Awarded to the top-performing university in the Khelo India University Games.
S. Name of the University Position 2024
N
1 Chandigarh University Overall Winner University
2 Lovely Professional University, (PB) 1st Runner Up University
3 Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 2nd Runner Up University
End of unit-1
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