A MINI PROJECT ON
“ Railway Ticket Booking”
SUBMITTED TO THE
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS
FOR MINI PROJECT REPORT
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (COMPUTER ENGINEERING)
SUBMITTED BY
Swapnil Ratan Harkal
Under The Guidance Of
Prof. Waghole V.V.
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
SAHYADRI VALLEY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY 2025-26
SAHYADRI VALLEY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify Swapnil Ratan Harkal has successfully completed his STQA mini project
Report work on “Railway Ticket Booking ” at Sahyadri Valley College Of Engineering and
Technology, Pune in partial fulfilment of the Degree Course in B.E Of Computer, in Academic Year
2025-26 Semister-1st as Prescribed by the “Savitribai Phule Pune University”.
Prof. Waghole V.V. Prof.Khatal.K.B.
Guide Head of Department
Prof. Balaramudu P.B.
Principal
Sahyadri Valley College of Engineering & Technology
Place: Rajuri
Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The journey of developing the Railway Ticket Booking System has been a bridge between theoretical
knowledge and practical application, a necessary step in the challenging world of engineering. This
project would not have reached its successful completion without the constant support, guidance, and
encouragement of several individuals and the Almighty.
We are profoundly thankful to Prof.Khatal.K B. Head of the Department of Computer Engineering,
for providing the necessary infrastructure, facilities, and a supportive academic environment essential
for the development and execution of this project.
We are deeply indebted to our project guide, Prof. Waghole V.V. Department of Computer
Engineering. Your expertise, insightful advice, and constant availability were invaluable in
navigating the technical complexities of a management system. Your superb and constant guidance
has been a source of great motivation.
INDEX
Sr. No TITLE Page No.
1. Abstract 1
2. Introduction 2
3. Problem Statement 3
4. Motivation 3
5. Objectives 3
6. Theory 4
7 Conclusion 12
ABSTRACT
This project report presents the design and implementation of a web-based Railway Ticket Booking System
developed as part of the STQA mini project. The primary objective of this project is to automate the process of
booking train tickets through a simple and efficient online platform. The system enables users to book train tickets
by entering essential travel details, such as passenger name, source station, destination station, travel date, class
type, and number of seats.
The system is implemented using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the front-end interface, PHP for server-side
scripting, and MySQL for backend data management. It provides an intuitive user interface for ticket booking and
uses PHP to handle data validation, communication with the database, and dynamic ticket confirmation
generation.
The project follows a three-tier architecture—Presentation Layer, Application Layer, and Data Layer—to ensure
modularity, scalability, and maintainability. It is developed and tested using the XAMPP environment, utilizing
Apache as the web server and MySQL as the relational database.
By digitalizing the railway ticket booking process, the system eliminates manual operations, reduces human
errors, and provides an instant, reliable, and user-friendly booking experience. It also serves as a practical
example of applying Software Testing and Quality Assurance (STQA) principles to ensure correctness,
reliability, and data integrity in web-based systems.
INTRODUCTION
The railway transportation system plays a crucial role in connecting cities, regions, and people across the country.
Traditionally, booking railway tickets required passengers to visit railway counters, stand in long queues, and
depend on manual data recording, which often led to inefficiency, data loss, and booking delays.
To address these limitations, the Railway Ticket Booking System is developed to automate and simplify the entire
booking process. This web-based system allows users to book tickets online by filling in their travel details. Once
the form is submitted, the data is stored in a centralized database, and a confirmation message is displayed
instantly.
The system leverages modern web technologies:
• HTML & CSS for creating an interactive and clean user interface.
• JavaScript for client-side validation.
• PHP for handling backend logic and server communication.
• MySQL for secure data storage and retrieval.
It runs on the XAMPP platform, which integrates Apache and MySQL, making it easy to test locally. The project
also emphasizes software quality and testing, focusing on verifying correct data flow, validating input fields, and
ensuring error-free operations.
By implementing this system, the project achieves a fast, user-friendly, and efficient ticket booking process that
minimizes human effort and enhances data accuracy.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
In the existing manual railway ticket booking system, passengers face several challenges such as long queues,
limited availability of booking counters, and the risk of incorrect or lost records due to human error. The lack of
an automated process causes unnecessary delays and difficulties in managing booking data.
The Railway Ticket Booking System aims to solve these issues by providing a digital and automated platform for
ticket reservation. Users can book tickets from anywhere, at any time, by entering their journey details online. The
system automatically stores the information in a centralized database, which can be easily managed and retrieved
when required.
MOTIVATION
In today’s digital age, technology-driven solutions are essential for providing fast, convenient, and error-free
services. The railway system, being one of the most widely used public transport networks, requires efficient tools
for ticket management and data handling.
The motivation behind developing the Railway Ticket Booking System includes:
1. Digital Transformation: Replacing manual booking with an online, automated system.
2. Error Reduction: Preventing human errors by validating input data programmatically.
3. Efficiency: Reducing time and effort required for booking and data management.
4. Accessibility: Allowing users to book tickets remotely through a web interface.
5. Practical Learning: Demonstrating how open-source technologies like HTML, PHP, and MySQL can be
used to build real-world applications while applying STQA principles.
OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this project is to develop a Railway Ticket Booking System that is simple, secure, and
reliable for both users and administrators.
Specific objectives include:
1. To automate the ticket booking process using a digital platform.
2. To create an interactive and easy-to-use user interface using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
3. To store and manage booking data securely using MySQL.
4. To implement PHP for backend logic, enabling communication between the front-end and the database.
5. To validate data and ensure accurate bookings through client-side and server-side checks.
The Railway Ticket Booking System is based on a three-tier architecture, dividing the application into distinct
layers that interact in a structured manner:
1. Presentation Layer (Front-End)
This layer provides the interface through which users interact with the system.
It is designed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Users enter details like name, source, destination, date, travel class, and number of seats, which are validated
before submission.
2. Application Layer (Server-Side Logic)
This layer handles the main logic of the system.
It is implemented using PHP, which processes the data submitted by the user, validates it on the server, and
executes SQL queries to insert the booking details into the database. It also generates confirmation messages
dynamically for users.
3. Data Layer (Database Management)
This layer is responsible for storing and managing all ticket booking records.
The MySQL database is used to maintain passenger information, travel details, and seat availability. Data integrity
is maintained through structured database schema design.
Development Environment
• XAMPP Server for local deployment
• Apache for running PHP scripts
• MySQL for managing database
• phpMyAdmin for SQL execution and monitoring
Data Flow
1. User Input: Passenger fills out the booking form and submits.
2. Server Processing: PHP validates input and stores it in the MySQL database.
3. Response: A confirmation page displays ticket details back to the user.
This design ensures smooth communication between the client and the server, maintaining consistency and
reliability throughout the process.
System Modules
The project is divided into the following main modules:
1. Passenger Module:
Allows passengers to book tickets by entering journey details.
2. Validation Module:
Performs input checks to prevent incorrect or duplicate data.
3. Database Management Module:
Stores and retrieves booking details efficiently.
4. Confirmation Module:
Displays confirmation with ticket details upon successful booking.
5. Admin Module (Optional Extension):
In a future version, an admin can log in and view all bookings.
Advantages of the System
1. Eliminates manual work and reduces paperwork.
2. Provides real-time booking and instant confirmation.
3. Ensures data accuracy and easy retrieval.
4. Supports centralized database storage for all bookings.
5. Can be extended to include features like cancellation, seat availability, or payment gateway integration.
‘CONCLUSION
The Feedback Management System project successfully demonstrated the implementation of a functional, web-
based database application built upon the robust PHP and MySQL open- source stack and organized by the Three-
Tier Architecture. All defined objectives were met, confirming reliable data flow from the student interface to the
secure administrative reporting module.
• Evaluation of System Performance
In this transactional system, performance is not measured by minimizing time complexity (unlike the com-
putational objectives of the initial project template [4]) but by operational reliability and transactional
consistency. The FMS excels in these metrics by leveraging the RDBMS capabilities of MySQL, ensuring that
data persistence is upheld and that every record adheres to the established schema.[5] The resulting digital
solution provides immediate, centralized access to aggregated feedback data, which drastically reduces admin-
istrative processing time and fundamentally improves the quality control of the feedback analysis.
• Future Enhancements and Scalability Roadmap
To elevate the FMS to an institutional-ready application, several critical enhancements are recommended:
1. Refined User Roles and Access Control (RBAC): The current model focuses only on Student and
Admin. Future iterations must implement sophisticated Role-Based Access Control to accommodate
hierarchical user types such as Staff, Head of Departments, and Principal.[6, 14] This requires filtered data
views, allowing users to only access relevant feedback data, enhancing organizational security and
usability.
2. Advanced Reporting and Visualization: The current system displays data in a simple HTML table.
Future development should focus on implementing dedicated reporting modules capable of generating
complex analytical summaries, data visualizations, and export facilities (e.g., PDF or CSV format) to
facilitate formal data archiving and review.[18]
3. Systematic Security Remediation: For long-term viability and protection against pervasive threats, all
PHP database interaction scripts must be converted to utilize parameterized queries universally. This
systematic approach ensures that input validation and data sanitization are enforced at the Application Tier
level, providing a robust defense against SQL Injection vulnerabilities and securing the system’s sensitive
data assets.
REFERENCE
IBM – What Is Three-Tier Architecture?
Explains the concept and benefits of layered application architecture.
Accessed on: October 30, 2025
https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/three-tier-architecture
Oracle – MySQL: Understanding What It Is and How It’s Used
Official documentation on the MySQL relational database system.
Accessed on: October 30, 2025
https://www.oracle.com/mysql/what-is-mysql/
PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor – Official Documentation
Reference for server-side scripting and backend logic implementation.
Accessed on: October 30, 2025
https://www.php.net/manual/en/
W3Schools – Web Development Tutorials
Comprehensive tutorials for HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL.
Accessed on: October 30, 2025
https://www.w3schools.com
Apache Friends – XAMPP Documentation
Guidance on using XAMPP for local server configuration and database setup.
Accessed on: October 30, 2025
https://www.apachefriends.org
