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Lecture 4. ARM

The document outlines the formulation of a problem statement in research, emphasizing the importance of identifying independent and dependent variables. It explains the roles of moderator and mediator variables in research, detailing how they influence the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Additionally, it categorizes variables into qualitative and quantitative types, providing a framework for measuring them.

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7 views9 pages

Lecture 4. ARM

The document outlines the formulation of a problem statement in research, emphasizing the importance of identifying independent and dependent variables. It explains the roles of moderator and mediator variables in research, detailing how they influence the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Additionally, it categorizes variables into qualitative and quantitative types, providing a framework for measuring them.

Uploaded by

S SA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARM

“The formulation of the problem


is often more essential than its
solution.”

Albert Einstein
ARM

Problem Statement Execution


The indication of a specific business decision
that will be clarified by answering some
research questions by meeting research
objectives.
ARM
Types of Variables
• Independent variables are variables which are
manipulated or controlled or changed. It is what the
researcher studies to see its relationship or effects.
Presumed or possible cause

• Dependent variables are the outcome variables and are


the variables for which we calculate statistics. The variable
which changes on account of independent variable is known
as dependent variable. i.e.It is influenced or affected by the
independent variable
Presumed results(Effect)
ARM
Moderator
• It is a special type of independent variable.

• The independent variable’s relationship with the


dependent variable may change under different
conditions. That condition is the moderator variable.

• That factor which is measured, manipulated, or


selected by the experimenter to discover whether
it modifies the relationship of the independent
variable to an observed phenomenon.
ARM
Mediator

• It acts as a bridging role between variables.

• It reflects outcomes over a period of time

• Establish relationship mainly between IV and DV in


certain time frame.
ARM

Variable

Qualitative Quantitative

Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio


ARM

How to search research papers and variables’


measures

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