FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Function of Fuel Injection System

To store, clean and transfer fuel. To meter the quantity of fuel required at all loads and speed and

to equalize the fuel quantity delivered to each engine cylinder to ensure equal power between cylinders of multi cylinder engines.
To start injection at the right time within the cycle of the engine in

relation to load and speed.

To ensure quick beginning and ending of injection so that the

injected fuel is evenly atomized.

 To inject the fuel at the rate necessary to control both combustion

and pressure in the cylinder.

To direct, distribute and atomize the fuel uniformly, as required

by the combustion-chamber design.

Requirements of Fuel Injection System

It should pump the metered quantity of fuel demanded by the load on engine. It should pump equal quantity of fuel to all cylinders.
It should commence supplying the metered quantity of fuel at

same degrees before TDC to all cylinders. It should build up enough pressure so that diesel when injected is in form of atomized spray. The injection of diesel should be such that combustion process IS kept under control.
The beginning and end of injection should be sharp.

Provision should be there to change injection timing to suit load and speed condition. The complete system be light in weight so that dead weight of vehicle is reduced. It should have a long life. It should be easy to repair.
It should distribute the fuel throughout the combustion chamber

for better mixing.

Fuel Injection System Components

Fuel Injection Pump

1. DV Assembly. 2. Plunger-Barrel Assembly. 3. Regulating Sleeve with Gear Ring. 4. Plunger Spring. 5. Roller Tappet. 6. Camshaft Bearing. 7. Camshaft.

Fuel injection pump is used to pump the diesel fuel in to individual cylinder through the injection pipe and injectors. It is "Heart of the engine".

The function of fuel injection pump is to deliver accurately, metered quantity of fuel under high pressure, at the correct instant and in the correct sequence, to the injector fitted on each engine cylinder. The injection pressure varies from 7 to 30 MPa and it can be as high as 200 MPa. As the volume of fuel to be metered for each injection is very small and frequency of injection quite high, the pump has to be manufactured to a very high precision.

Types of Fuel Injection Pumps

Various pump configurations and principles of pumping have been applied over the years. The three most commonly used types of fuel injection pumps are:

Inline pump (PE)

The inline pump (PE) that has a row of cam activated pump Components, one for each cylinder of the engine, above a camshaft. This type is most commonly fitted to diesel engine for heavy commercial vehicles.

Distributor type pump (VE)

The distributor type pump(VE) in which several of the engine cylinder are served by one, two or more pump components from which the fuel is directed to each cylinder by a distribution device. This type predominates on cars. The above two kinds of pumps, namely the in-line and distributor pumps are being manufactured in MICO.