Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Undergraduate Degree
(Bachelor of Business and Economics)
Program Requirements and
Course Descriptions
Our faculty and staff would like to welcome you to the College of
Business and Economics (CBE). Here at CBE we work together to
provide you every advantage that the school has to offer. It is not only
our responsibility but also our pleasure to serve the needs of our
students in every possible way. Please know that our door is open to
you and our staff will always be available to assist you and to address
your concerns.
Dr. Rajab Al-Esmail
Associate Dean for Students
Contact
University of Qatar,
College of Business and Economics
P.O. Box 2713, Doha, QATAR
Tel: (+974) 485-1576, 485 6082
Fax: (+974) 493-0927
E-mail: business@qu.edu.qa
www.qu.edu.qa
( )
Female Form
Select one major and one optional minor from the following combinations:
Major
Accounting
Finance
Management
Marketing
Minor
Finance
Management
Marketing
Economics
Management Information Systems
International Business
No Minor Selected*
Accounting
Management
Marketing
Economics
Management Information Systems
International Business
No Minor Selected*
Accounting
Finance
Marketing
Economics
Management Information Systems
International Business
No Minor Selected*
Accounting
Finance
Management
Economics
Management Information Systems
International Business
No Minor Selected*
) )
Male Form
Select one major and one optional minor from the following combinations:
Major
Minor
Finance
Management
Marketing
International Business
No Minor Selected*
Accounting
Management
Marketing
International Business
No Minor Selected*
Accounting
Finance
Marketing
International Business
No Minor Selected*
Accounting
Finance
Management
International Business
No Minor Selected*
Accounting
Finance
Management
Marketing
-3-
DAWA
ENGL
ENGL
ARAB
111
202
203
100
Title
Islamic Culture
English I
English II
Arabic Language
Free Electives
114
221
341
110
119
HIST
LAWC
451
215
Title
F&S
F&S
F&S
F&S
F&S
Prerequisite
(Instruction in Arabic)
ENGL004
ENGL202
(Instruction in Arabic)
Courses from outside the
College*
Group II: General Education Requirements
Course
Subject Number
PHIL
MCOM
USUL
PHIL
MATH
Offered CR
3
3
3
3
8
Offered CR
Prerequisite
Critical Thinking
Communication Skills
Ethics & Social Responsibility
Philosophy
Business Mathematics I
Modern &Contemporary
History Of Qatar
Business Law
Social Science
F&S
F&S
F&S
F&S
F&S
3
3
3
3
3
ENGL004
ENGL004
ENGL004
(Instruction in Arabic)
MATH 002
F&S
F&S
3
3
(Instruction in Arabic)
ENGL004
F&S
Natural Science
F&S
Total
CH
20
Total
CH
27
MAGT
MAKT
ACCT
ECON
ECON
ACCT
MIST
FINA
STAT
MATH
STAT
MAGT
MAGT
MAGT
MAGT
101
101
110
111
112
116
201
201
220
221
222
304
306
307
405
Title
Offered CR
Prerequisite
Principles of Management
F&S
3
ENGL004
Principles of Marketing
F&S
3
MAGT 101
Financial Accounting
F&S
3
ENGL004 + COMP002
Principles of Microeconomics
F&S
3
ENGL004 + MATH002
Principles of Macroeconomics F&S
3
ENGL004 + MATH002
Managerial Accounting
F&S
3
ACCT110
Introduction to Management
F&S
3
MAGT101 + COMP002
Information Systems
Principles of Finance
F&S
3
MAGT101 + MATH119
Business Statistics I
F&S
ENGL004
3
Business Mathematics II
F&S
MATH
119
3
Business Statistics II
F&S
3
STAT220
Production and Operations
F&S
3
MAGT101+ STAT220
Management
International Business
F&S
3
FINA201 + ECON112
Internship in Business
Summer 3
MAGT304+ ACCT116
Strategic Management
F&S
3
FINA201 +MAKT101
Group IV: Requirements for the Major
Title
CR
Total
CH
45
Total
CH
21
Total
CH
Required Four Mainer courses
12
12
Total
125
125
*CBE Students are not allowed to register for the following courses: ENGL 200, ENGL201, MATH100,
and MCOM 220.
-4Title
CR
ACCOUNTING
Major in Accounting
(21 credit hours, 7 courses) classified into two categories:
1) Required courses (15 credit hours, 5 courses)
SUB
ACCT
ACCT
ACCT
ACCT
ACCT
NO
221
222
331
333
421
Title
Intermediate Accounting I
Intermediate Accounting II
Cost & Management Accounting
Auditing I
Accounting Information Systems
Credit hours
3
3
3
3
3
Prerequisites
Offered
ACCT 116
ACCT 221
ACCT 116
ACCT 116
ACCT 116
NO
411
413
418
428
Title
Government Accounting
Auditing II
Advanced Accounting
Financial Statements Analysis
Credit hours
3
3
3
3
Prerequisites
Offered
ACCT116
ACCT 333
ACCT 221
ACCT 116
-----Spring
F all
F all
Prerequisites
Offered
ACCT 116
ACCT 221
ACCT 116
ACCT 116
Minor in Accounting
(12 credit hours, 4 courses)
SUB
ACC T
ACCT
ACC T
ACC T
NO
221
222
331
333
Title
Intermediate Accounting I
Intermediate Accounting II
Cost & Management Accounting
Auditing I
-5-
Credit hours
3
3
3
3
ECONOMICS
Major in Economics
(21 credit hours, 7 courses) classified into two categories:
1) Required courses (15 credit hours, 5 courses)
SUB
ECON
ECON
ECON
ECON
ECON
NO
211
212
214
311
453
Title
Intermediate Microeconomics
Intermediate Macroeconomics
Monetary Policy
Econometrics
International Economics
Credit hours
3
3
3
3
3
Prerequisites
Offered
Fall
Spring
Fall
Spring
Fall
NO
451
452
454
472
Title
Economic Development
Industrial Economics
Economics of Energy
Managerial Economics
Credit hours
3
3
3
3
Prerequisites
Offered
Fall
Spring
Fall
Spring
Minor in Economics
(12 credit hours, 4 courses)
SUB
ECON
ECON
ECON
ECON
NO
211
212
214
311
Title
Intermediate Microeconomics
Intermediate Macroeconomics
Monetary Policy
Econometrics
Credit hours
3
3
3
3
-6-
Prerequisites
Offered
Fall
Spring
Fall
Spring
FINANCE
Major in Finance
(21 credit hours, 7 courses) classified into two categories:
1) Required courses (15 credit hours, 5 courses)
SUB
NO
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
FINA
FINA
FINA
FINA
301
302
303
304
Corporate Finance
Investment
Financial Markets & Institutions
Title
3
3
3
International Finance
FINA
401
Portfolio Management
FINA 201
FINA 201 + STAT 220
FINA 201
FINA 302 OR MAGT 306
OR ( MAGT 304+FINA 201)
FINA 302
Spring
Spring
NO
Title
FINA
FINA
FINA
FINA
402
403
404
405
Personal Finance
Insurance and Risk Management
Islamic Banking & Finance
Financial Derivatives
Credit hours
3
3
3
3
Prerequisites
Offered
FINA 201
FINA 201 + STAT 222
FINA 201 + STAT 220
FINA 302
Spring
Fall
Spring
Fall
Minor in Economics
(12 credit hours, 4 courses)
SUB
FINA
FINA
FINA
FINA
NO
301
302
303
401
Title
Corporate Finance
Investment
Financial Markets & Institutions
Portfolio Management
Credit hours
3
3
3
3
-7-
Prerequisites
FINA 201
FINA 201 + STAT 220
FINA 201
FINA 302
Offered
Fall &Spring
Fall
Fall
Spring
MANAGEMEN
T
Major in Management
(21 credit hours, 7 courses) classified into two categories:
1) Required courses (15 credit hours, 5 courses)
SUB
NO
MAGT
MAGT
301
302
MAGT
303
MAGT
MAGT
305
406
Title
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
MAGT 101
MAGT 101
FINA 201 + MAKT 101 +
ECON 112 + ACCT 116
MAGT 304
MAGT 304
Fall
Fall
Organizational Behavior
Human Resource Management (HRM)
Entrepreneurship & Small Business
Management
Comparative Management
Total Quality Management (TQM)
3
3
3
Spring
Spring
Fall
NO
MAGT
401
MAGT
MAGT
MAGT
402
403
404
Title
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
Fall
3
3
3
MAGT 301
MIST 201 + MAGT 306
STAT 220
Spring
Fall
Spring
Minor in Management
(12 credit hours, 4 courses)
SUB
NO
MAGT
MAGT
301
302
MAGT
303
MAGT
406
Title
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
MAGT 101
MAGT 101
FINA 201 + MAKT 101 + ECON
112 + ACCT 112
MAGT 304
Fall
Fall
Organizational Behavior
Human Resource Management (HRM)
Entrepreneurship & Small Business
Management
Total Quality Management (TQM)
3
3
-8-
Spring
Fall
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Major in MIS
(21 credit hours, 7 courses) classified into two categories:
1) Required courses (15 credit hours, 5 courses)
SUB
NO
Title
MIST
MIST
MIST
MIST
MIST
301
302
303
304
401
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
3
3
MIST 201
MIST 201
MIST 201
MIST 201
MIST 301
Fall
Fall
Spring
Spring
Fall
NO
MIST
MIST
MIST
MIST
402
403
404
405
Title
Enterprise Systems & Applications
Project Management for IS
Information Technology for Financial Services
Innovation with Information Technology
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
3
MIST 301
MIST 201
MIST 201
MIST 401
Fall
Fall
Spring
Spring
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
3
MIST 201
MIST 201
MIST 201
MIST 201
Fall
Fall
Spring
Spring
Minor in MIS
(12 credit hours, 4 courses)
SUB
NO
MIST
MIST
MIST
MIST
301
302
303
304
Title
Introduction to Programming in Business
Data Base Management Systems (DBMS)
Systems Analysis and Design (S&D)
Data Communications and Networking
-9-
MARKETING
T
Major in Marketing
(21 credit hours, 7 courses) classified into two categories:
1) Required courses (15 credit hours, 5 courses)
SUB
NO
MAKT
MAKT
MAKT
MAKT
MAKT
301
302
303
304
401
Title
Consumer Behavior
Marketing Management
International Marketing
Strategic Marketing
Marketing Research
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
3
3
MAKT 101
MAKT 101
MAKT 101
MAKT 401 OR MAKT 301 OR MAKT 302
MAKT 101 + STAT 222
Fall
Fall
Spring
Spring
Fall
NO
MAKT
MAKT
MAKT
MAKT
402
403
404
405
Title
Sales Management
E-Marketing
Services Marketing
Promotion Management
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
3
Spring
Fall
Spring
Fall
Minor in Management
(12 credit hours, 4 courses)
SUB
NO
MAKT
MAKT
MAKT
MAKT
301
302
303
401
Title
Consumer Behavior
Marketing Management
International Marketing
Marketing Research
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
3
MAKT 101
MAKT 101
MAKT 101
MAKT 101 + STAT 222
Fall
Fall
Spring
Fall
-10-
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
T in IB
Minor
(12 credit hours, 4 courses)
1) Required courses (9 credit hours, 3 courses (One course will have already been fulfilled
through the student major with the remaining three courses fulfilling the minor requirement)
SUB
NO
MAKT
303
FINA
MAGT
ECON
Title
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
International Marketing
Spring
304
International Finance
305
453
Comparative Management
International Economics
3
3
MAKT 101
FINA 302 OR MAGT 306
OR ( MAGT 304+FINA 201)
MAGT 304
ECON 111+ ECON 112
Spring
Spring
Fall
NO
Title
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
ECON
FINA
MAKT
MAGT
214
303
401
406
Monetary Policy
Financial Markets & Institutions
Marketing Research
Total Quality Management (TQM)
3
3
3
3
Fall
Fall
Fall
Fall
NO
MAKT
FINA
MAGT
ECON
303
304
305
453
Title
International Marketing
International Finance
Comparative Management
International Economics
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
3
MAKT 101
MAGT 306 + MAGT 304 + FINA 201
MAGT 304
ECON 111+ ECON 112
Spring
Spring
Spring
Fall
-11-
NO
MAKT
MAGT
ECON
303
305
453
Title
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
MAKT 101
MAGT 304
ECON 111+ ECON 112
Spring
Spring
Fall
International Marketing
Comparative Management
International Economics
NO
Title
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
ECON
MAKT
MAGT
214
401
406
Monetary Policy
Marketing Research
Total Quality Management (TQM)
3
3
3
Fall
Fall
Fall
NO
MAKT
FINA
ECON
303
304
453
Title
International Marketing
International Finance
International Economics
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
MAKT 101
MAGT 306 + MAGT 304 + FINA 201
ECON 111+ ECON 112
Spring
Spring
Fall
NO
ECON
FINA
MAKT
214
303
401
Title
Monetary Policy
Financial Markets & Institutions
Marketing Research
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
Fall
Fall
Fall
-12-
NO
MAKT
FINA
MAGT
303
304
305
Title
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
MAKT 101
MAGT 306 + MAGT 304 + FINA 201
MAGT 304
Spring
Spring
Spring
International Marketing
International Finance
Comparative Management
NO
Title
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
FINA
MAKT
MAGT
303
401
406
3
3
3
FINA 201
MAKT 101 + STAT 222
MAGT 304
Fall
Fall
Fall
NO
FINA
MAGT
ECON
304
305
453
Title
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
Spring
Spring
Fall
International Finance
Comparative Management
International Economics
NO
Title
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
ECON
FINA
MAGT
214
303
406
Monetary Policy
Financial Markets & Institutions
Total Quality Management (TQM)
3
3
3
Fall
Fall
Fall
NO
MAKT
FINA
MAGT
ECON
303
304
305
453
Title
International Marketing
International Finance
Comparative Management
International Economics
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
3
3
3
3
MAKT 101
MAGT 306 + MAGT 304 + FINA 201
MAGT 304
ECON 111+ ECON 112
Spring
Spring
Spring
Fall
-13-
STUDENTS
Required Courses for a General Business Minor (24 credit hours, 8 courses)
SUB
NO
Title
Credit hours
Prerequisites
Offered
MAGT
MAKT
ACC T
ECON
ECON
FINA
STAT
MAGT
101
101
110
111
112
201
222
306
Principles of Management
Principles of Marketing
Financial Accounting
Principles of Microeconomics
Principles of Macroeconomics
Principles of Finance
Business Statistics II
International Business
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
ENGL004
MAGT 101
ENGL004 + COMP002
ENGL004 + MATH002
ENGL004 + MATH002
MAGT 101 + MATH 119
STAT 220
FINA 201 + ECON 112
-14-
QATAR UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
SAMPLE PLAN FOR BUSINESS STUDENTS
Freshmen Year
First Semester
English I
Islamic Culture
Business Math I
Philosophy
Principles of Microeconomics
Total
Hours
3
3
3
3
3
15
Second Semester
English II
Arabic Language
Business Math II
Principles of Management
Principles of Macroeconomics
Total
Hours
3
3
3
3
3
15
Sophomore Year
First Semester
Financial Accounting
Business Law
Principles of Marketing
Business Statistics I
Critical Thinking
Total
Hours
3
3
3
3
3
15
Second Semester
Managerial Accounting
Introduction to MIS
Communication Skills
Ethics & Social Responsibility
Principles of Finance
Total
Hours
3
3
3
3
3
15
Junior Year
First Semester
Course from major
Course from major
Production and Operations Mgmt
Course from minor or business elective
Business Statistics II
Total
Hours
3
3
3
3
3
15
Second Semester
Course from major
Course from major
International Business
Course from minor or business elective
Internship in Business
Total
Hours
3
3
3
3
3
15
Senior Year
First Semester
Course from major
Course from major
Social Science elective
Modern and Contemporary History of Qatar
Hours
Second Semester
Hours
3
3
3
3
3
2
17
3
3
3
3
6
Total
18
-15-
Course Descriptions
)(in English and Arabic
-16-
Accounting
Course Number: ACCT 110 (Fall and Spring)
Course Name: Financial Accounting
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course introduces financial accounting for various business entities. Topics
covered include accounting concepts and principles based on generally accepted
accounting principles (GAAP). Emphasis will be on analyzing, recording, classifying,
and communicating information including the preparation of financial statements.
) (ACCT 110 :
:
) 3( :
.
.
.
This course introduces essential financial accounting concepts and standards related to
corporate reporting with special emphasis on preparation of financial statements.
Areas studied include cash, receivables, inventory, investment, plant and equipment,
and revenue recognition.
) (ACCT 221 :
)1( :
) 3( :
: .
.
.
.
.
) (ACCT 413 :
)2( :
) 3( :
.
.
) (ACCT 418 :
:
) 3( :
.
horizontal analysis for different financial statements, and statement of cash flow
analysis.
) (ACCT 428 :
:
) 3( :
.
.
Economics
Course Number: ECON 111 (Fall & Spring)
Course Name: Principles of Microeconomics
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course focuses on basic microeconomic concepts such as supply and demand,
market equilibrium, the concept of elasticity, consumer choice, utility, production and
costs, the theory of perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition.
) (ECON 111 :
:
) 3( :
.
Course Number: ECON 112 (Fall & Spring)
Course Name: Principles of Macroeconomics
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course focuses on basic macroeconomic concepts such as the production possibility
set, the circular flow of income, the national accounts, the components of aggregate
spending, a simple model of income determination and international linkages.
) (ECON 112 :
:
) 3( :
.
with many variable inputs, theory and models of oligopoly, input markets and the
allocation of resources.
) (ECON 211 :
:
) 3( :
.
.
.
) (STAT 220 :
)1( :
) 3( :
.
.
Course Number: ECON 311 (Spring)
Course Name: Econometrics
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course examines properties of the least-squares estimators, specification,
estimation and hypothesis testing of the simple and multiple regression models, use of
dummy variables and violations of classical assumptions: heterosecdasticity,
autocorrelation and multicollinearity.
)(ECON 311 :
:
) 3( :
.
) (ECON 453 :
:
) 3( :
.
) (ECON 472 :
:
) 3( :
.
Finance
: .
.
)(FINA 302 :
:
) 3( :
.
Course Number: FINA 303 (Fall)
Course Name: Financial Markets and Institutions
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course examines the operations, mechanics and structure of the financial system.
Topics include commercial banking, non-bank financial institutions, money and capital
markets, and the impact of monetary policy on financial institutions. An introduction
to the international financial system is also provided.
) (FINA 303 :
:
) 3( :
.
Course Number: FINA 304 (Spring)
Course Name: International Finance
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course surveys techniques of investment analysis and portfolio management
within an international context. Topics include International monetary environment
and institutions, determinants of foreign exchange rates and risk
management, valuation and portfolio analysis of international stocks and bonds,
and foreign investment analysis.
) (FINA 304 :
:
-27-
) 3( :
:
.
Course Number: FINA 401 (Spring)
Course Name: Portfolio Management
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course covers various topics related to portfolio management. Topics include
diversification and portfolio theory, capital market theory, security selection and bond
selection; portfolio management: revision of equity portfolio and fixed-income
portfolio, risk management with derivative securities, performance evaluation, and
portfolio managers duties and responsibilities; integrating derivative assets and
portfolio management.
) (FINA 401 :
:
) 3( :
.
.
Course Number: FINA 402 (Spring)
Course Name: Personal Finance
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course provides an overview of fundamental concepts of personal finance. Topics
include types of investment securities, retirement and real estate planning, insurance
planning, budgeting, credit, home ownership, and savings.
) (FINA 402 :
:
) 3( :
.
:
.
Course Number: FINA 403 (Fall)
Course Name: Insurance and Risk Management
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course addresses and examines the basic risk theory and elementary risk
management principles and techniques. Topics include life insurance and annuity
products, property/liability insurance, life/health insurance, and selected social
insurance programs, insurers and their operations, guidelines for efficient purchase
and use of insurance products. Special attention is given to the attitudes of consumers
towards life and general insurance in GCC countries and the role of insurance
companies as non-banking financial institutions.
) (FINA 403 :
-28-
:
) 3( :
.
Course Number: FINA 404 (Spring)
Course Name: Islamic Banking and Finance
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course introduces the concept of economic behavior of a society that adheres to the
Islamic doctrine; economic properties of an Islamic economy, general equilibrium and
macroeconomic policies in Islamic economies, Islamic banks and finance and the role of
the stock exchange in an Islamic economy. Other topics include basic differences
between Islamic banks and conventional banks; financial instruments of Islamic banks;
profit/loss sharing method of finance is compared with fixed interest charges. The
relationship between Islamic financial institutions and the Central Bank is analyzed.
) (FINA 404 :
:
) 3( :
.
-29-
Management
Course Number: MAGT 101 (Fall and Spring)
Course Name: Principles of Management
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course focuses on the fundamental concepts of management including its
characteristics, evolution and importance. Among the topics to be covered include the
functions performed by managers, such as planning, organizing, directing and
controlling. Other topics to be covered include the applications of management in
various functional areas of business such as marketing, finance, personnel, production,
etc.
) (MAGT 101 :
:
) 3( :
.
:
) 3( :
.
) (MAGT 302 :
:
) 3( :
MAGT101 :
.
) 3( :
.
.
) (MAGT 403 :
:
) 3( :
.
.
Course Number: MAGT 404 (Spring)
Course Name: Project Management
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course focuses on the various issues and techniques in managing a project. Topics
covered include project life cycle, project definition, project planning, techniques of
managing projects, project planning covering cost, quality and time dimensions,
responsibility assignment and progress review.
) (MAGT 404:
:
) 3( :
: .
.
) (MAGT 306 :
:
) 3( :
.
-35-
-36-
This course introduces the student to basic concepts of programming logic and design.
Areas studied include the use of computers as a problem-solving tool, methodology for
algorithm design, and for structured modular implementation.
) (MIST 301 :
:
) 3( :
.
.
) (MIST 302 :
:
) 3( :
.
.
.
.
.
) (MIST 402 :
:
) 3( :
. Internet Server-Side Application
Course Number: MIST 403 (Fall)
Course Name: Project Management for IS
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course covers management of IT projects, from inception to post implementation
review. The course presents project management techniques, potential problems, and
overall decision-making associated with software development projects. Areas studied
include planning, organizing, scheduling, and controlling information technology
projects, current tools and techniques, and the roles and responsibilities of project
managers.
) (MIST 403 :
:
) 3( :
.
.
Marketing
Course Number: MAKT 101 (Fall and Spring)
Course Name: Principles of Marketing
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course focuses on the basic concepts of marketing. Topics covered include
definition of marketing, evolution of marketing concept, basic issues facing marketing
in the contemporary organization in addition to consumer behavior and market
research and segmentation.
) (MAKT 101 :
:
) 3( :
:
.
-40-
) (MAKT 301 :
:
) 3( :
.
Course Number: MAKT 302 (Fall)
Course Name: Marketing Management
Credit Hours: (3 hours)
This course focuses on the application of marketing and management principles to the
marketing function. Topics covered include strategic marketing, study of the social and
economic environment of marketing as well as the management of marketing mix.
) (MAKT 302 :
:
) 3( :
.
-41-
This course examines the changes in marketing resulting from the move to the Internet
by nonprofits, businesses, and government. It highlights the effective interactive
marketing practices for consumer firms and business-to-business firms.
) (MAKT 403 :
:
) 3( :
.
) (MAKT 404 :
:
) 3( :
.
.
.
) (
.) : (
-44-