ENGLISH

Pupil’s Book
LIZIKI DOMINICO LAURENT

0745 901 559

LIZIKI DOMINICO 1
DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to all young learners who are eager to learn English
and explore the world of words, stories, and writing.
Special dedication to teachers who guide, inspire, and support students every
day.
May this book help every child to read, write, and speak English with
confidence.

LIZIKI DOMINICO LAURENT

LIZIKI DOMINICO 2
 THE CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: IF AND UNLESS .................................................................................................................. 4
CHAPTER TWO: DESCRIBING QUALITY .................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER SEVEN: USING …AS…, WHILE, AND WHEN .............................................................................. 39
SEQUENCE MARKERS ............................................................................................................................... 82
BUT AND AND ........................................................................................................................................... 84
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: EXPRESSING PERSONAL FEELINGS ..................................................................... 87
CHAPTER NINETEEN: PARTS OF SPEECH .................................................................................................. 97
CHAPTER TWENY: POETRY ....................................................................................................................... 99

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 CHAPTER ONE: IF AND UNLESS
1. Introduction
In English, IF and UNLESS are used to talk about conditions.
A condition means something that must happen first before another
thing happens.
Kwa Kiswahili, condition ni sharti.
IF = kama
UNLESS = isipokuwa / kama sivyo

2. The Use of IF
Explanation (English)
We use IF to show that one action depends on another action.
Structure:
If + present simple, future simple
Explanation (Kiswahili)
Tunatumia IF kuonyesha kuwa jambo moja litategemea jambo
jingine.

Examples
➢ If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Kama utasoma kwa bidii, utafaulu mtihani.
➢ If it rains, we will stay at home.
Kama mvua itanyesha, tutabaki nyumbani.
➢ If I see him, I will tell him the truth.
Kama nitamuona, nitamwambia ukweli.

Important Note
Incorect If you will study hard, you will pass (Wrong)
correct If you study hard, you will pass (Correct)
Baada ya IF, hatutumii WILL.

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e.g if it rains, we will stay ome
- Kama mvua itanyesha, tutabaki nyumbani.
If I see him, I will tell him the truth.
-Kama nitamuona, nitamwambia ukweli.

3. The Use of UNLESS

Explanation (English). UNLESS means IF NOT.
It shows a negative condition. Explanation (Kiswahili) UNLESS maana
yake ni kama sivyo au isipokuwa.
Ni sawa na kusema IF + NOT.

Examples
1. Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam.
-Kama hutajifunza kwa bidii, utaanguka mtihani.
2. Unless it rains, we will go to school.
Kama mvua haitanyesha, tutaenda shule.
3. Unless you hurry, you will be late.
Kama hutaharakisha, utachelewa.
Important Rule
- Unless you don’t study, you will fail. (Wrong)
- Unless you study, you will fail. (Correct)
Usiongeze don’t / not baada ya unless.

4. IF vs UNLESS (Comparison)
IF UNLESS
Shows a positive condition Shows a negative condition
If you work hard, you will pass Unless you work hard, you will fail
Kama utafanya bidi, utashinda Kama hutafanya bidi, utashindwa
mtihani mtihani

5. Sentence Transformation
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Look at these sentences:
1. If you do not water the plants, they will die.
Unless you water the plants, they will die.
2. If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.
Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus.

6. New Vocabulary
Word Meaning (English) Kiswahili
Condition A situation needed first Sharti
Pass To succeed in exam Kufanikiwa
Fail To not succeed Kufeli
Hurry To move fast Kuharakisha
Miss To fail to catch Kukosa
Exam A test Mtihani

Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in IF or UNLESS
1. ___ you work hard, you will pass the exam.
2. ___ you hurry, you will be late.
3. ___ it rains, we will stay at home.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
1. Surroundings
Meaning (English): The area around a place
Kiswahili: Mazingira
Example:
➢ We should keep our surroundings clean.
Tunapaswa kuweka mazingira yetu safi.
➢ Surroundings should be kept clean all the time
➢ Plant at least trees in your surroundings

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2. Prevent
Meaning (English): To stop something from happening
Kiswahili: Kuzuia
Example:
➢ We wash our hands to prevent diseases.
Tunaosha mikono kuzuia magonjwa.

3. Machete
Meaning (English): A long, sharp knife used for cutting bushes
Kiswahili: Panga
Example:
➢ The farmer uses a machete to cut grass.
Mkulima anatumia panga kukata nyasi.
4. House
Meaning (English): A building where people live
Kiswahili: Nyumba
Example:
➢ My house is near the school.
Nyumba yangu iko karibu na shule.

5. Team
Meaning (English): A group of people working together
Kiswahili: Timu / Kikundi
Example:
➢ Our team cleaned the school compound.
Timu yetu ilisafisha eneo la shule.

6. Stagnant
Meaning (English): Not moving, especially water
Kiswahili: Isiyotiririka / Isiyosonga

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Example:
➢ Stagnant water causes mosquitoes.
Maji yasiyotiririka husababisha mbu.
7. Fine
Meaning (English): Money paid as punishment
Kiswahili: Faini / Adhabu ya fedha
Example:
➢ He paid a fine for coming late.
Alilipa faini kwa kuchelewa.

8. Participate
Meaning (English): To take part in an activity
Kiswahili: Kushiriki
Example:
➢ Students must participate in cleaning activities.
Wanafunzi lazima washiriki katika shughuli za usafi.

9. Trenches
Meaning (English): Long narrow holes in the ground
Kiswahili: Mitaro
Example:
➢ We dig trenches to prevent flooding.
Tunachimba mitaro kuzuia mafuriko.

10. Bush
Meaning (English): An area with wild plants and small trees
Kiswahili: Kichaka / Msitu mdogo
Example:
➢ Snakes live in the bush.
Nyoka huishi kichakani.

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VOCABULARY PRACTICE
1. Harmful
Meaning (English): Causing damage or injury
Kiswahili: Hatarishi / Yenye madhara
Example:
Smoking is harmful to health.
Kuvuta sigara ni hatarishi kwa afya.

2. Dirty
Meaning (English): Not clean
Kiswahili: Chafu
Example:
➢ The classroom is dirty.
Darasa ni chafu.

3. Throwing
Meaning (English): The act of putting something away carelessly
Kiswahili: Kutupa
Example:
➢ Throwing rubbish on the road is wrong.
Kutupa taka barabarani ni kosa.

4. Poisoned
Meaning (English): Made dangerous by poison
Kiswahili: Iliyotiwa sumu
Example:
➢ The water is poisoned.
Maji yamewekwa sumu.
➢ She ate a poisoned food

LIZIKI DOMINICO 9
5. Neat
Meaning (English): Clean and well arranged
Kiswahili: Nadhifu / Safi
Example:
➢ She keeps her house neat.
Yeye huweka nyumba yake nadhifu.

6. Rubbish
Meaning (English): Waste materials
Kiswahili: Taka
Example:
➢ Do not throw rubbish everywhere.
Usitupe taka ovyo.

7. Dust
Meaning (English): Very small dry particles of dirt
Kiswahili: Vumbi
Example:
➢ There is a lot of dust on the road.
Kuna vumbi nyingi barabarani.

8. Dustbins
Meaning (English): Containers for rubbish
Kiswahili: Mapipa ya taka
Example:
➢ Put rubbish in the dustbins.
Weka taka kwenye mapipa ya taka.
9. Disposable
Meaning (English): Made to be used once and thrown away
Kiswahili: Ya kutumika mara moja
Example:

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 ➢ Disposable plates are used in parties.
Sahani za matumizi ya mara moja hutumika kwenye sherehe.

10. Contaminated
Meaning (English): Made dirty or unsafe
Kiswahili: Iliychafuliwa / Iliyoharibika
Example:
➢ The river is contaminated.
Mto umechafuliwa.

THE EARTH/DUNIA

🗺 CHAPTER TWO: DESCRIBING QUALITY

Introduction
LIZIKI DOMINICO 11
In English, we use describing words to tell how a person, thing, or
place is like.
These words are called adjectives of quality.
-Kwa Kiswahili, describing quality ni kuelezea sifa au hali ya kitu.

What is Quality?
Explanation (English)
Quality means how something looks, feels, or behaves.
It can be good or bad.
Examples of quality:
• good / bad
• clean / dirty
• strong / weak
Explanation (Kiswahili)
Quality ni sifa au hali ya mtu au kitu, kama ni kizuri au kibaya.

Adjectives of Quality
Adjectives of quality describe nouns. They usually come before the
noun.
Structure: Adjective + Noun
Explanation (Kiswahili): Vivumishi vya sifa huja kabla ya nomino.

Examples
A clean house - Nyumba safi
A dirty classroom - Darasa chafu
Good behaviour Tabia njema
Bad smell Harufu mbaya

More Examples in Sentences

The water is clean.- -Maji ni safi.
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The road is dusty - Barabara ina vumbi.
She is a neat pupil.- - Yeye ni mwanafunzi nadhifu.
This food is harmful. -Chakula hiki ni hatarishi.

5. Common Adjectives of Quality

Adjective Meaning (English) Kiswahili
Good Nice or right Nzuri
Bad Not good Mbaya
Clean Not dirty Safi
Dirty Not clean Chafu
Neat Clean and well arranged Nadhifu
Harmful Causing danger Hatarishi
Safe Not dangerous Salama
Strong Having power Imara
Weak Not strong Dhaifu

Read the foolowing sentences

1. A clean environment is important.
Mazingira safi ni muhimu.
2. Dirty water causes diseases.
Maji machafu husababisha magonjwa.
3. Good habits make a good citizen.
Tabia nzuri humfanya mtu kuwa raia mwema.

New Vocabulary
Word Meaning (English) Kiswahili
Quality How something is Sifa
Describe To explain how something is Kuelezea
Behaviour The way a person acts Tabia
Environment Surroundings Mazingira

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Smell Something you sense with the nose Harufu
Dangerous Can cause harm Hatari

Exercises
Exercise 1: Choose the correct adjective
(clean, dirty, good, harmful)
1. Smoking is __________ to health.
2. A __________ classroom is good for learning.
3. Bad behaviour is not __________.
4. The water is __________; do not drink it.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

1. A __________ environment prevents diseases.
2. She keeps her house __________.
3. Dust makes the air __________.
4. Clean water is __________ for life.

Exercise 3: Rewrite using an adjective

Example:
1. The house is clean → a clean house
2. The road is dusty. ______________________________
3. The pupil is neat. _____________________________
4. The food is harmful. _____________________________

SPEAKING PRACTICE
AGREE AND DISAGREE
In speaking, we often agree or disagree with other people’s ideas or
opinions.
in Kiswahili:
Agree = kukubaliana
Disagree = kutokubaliana

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Ways to Agree
Common Expressions (Agree)
• I agree.
• Yes, that is true.
• You are right.
• I think so.
Examples
A: Clean water is important. I agree. (Nakubaliana)
A: Students should keep the school clean. Yes, that is true.
Ndiyo, ni kweli.

Ways to Disagree
Common Expressions (Disagree)
1. I disagree.
2. I don’t agree.
3. That is not true.
4. I think that is wrong.
Examples
A: Throwing rubbish on the road is good. I disagree.
Sikubaliani.
A: Dirty water is safe to drink. That is not true. Hilo si kweli.

Polite Agreement and Disagreement

Polite Agreement
1. I agree with you.
2. I think you are right.
3. Polite Disagreement
4. I’m sorry, I don’t agree.
5. I think differently.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 15
Tunapo onesha kutokukubaliana, ni vizuri kutumia lugha ya
heshima.

Short Dialogues (Speaking Models)

Dialogue 1
A: A clean environment is important. Mazingira safi ni muhimu.
B: I agree. A clean environment prevents diseases. Nakubaliana.
Mazingira safi huzuia magonjwa.

Dialogue 2
1. Students should throw rubbish anywhere. Wanafunzi
wanapaswa kutupa taka ovyo.
2. I disagree. They should use dustbins. Sikubaliani. Wanapaswa
kutumia mapipa ya taka.

Speaking Practice (Pair / Group Work) Students say: I agree. or I

disagree.
Practice 1: Agree or Disagree
The teacher reads the sentences. Students respond.
1. Clean water is important.
2. Dirty surroundings are healthy.
3. Pupils should participate in cleaning activities.
4. Smoking is harmful to health.

7. Useful Vocabulary
Word Meaning (English) Kiswahili
Agree To say yes to an idea Kukubaliana
Disagree To say no to an idea Kutokubaliana
Opinion What you think Maoni
True Correct Kweli

LIZIKI DOMINICO 16
Wrong Not correct Sio sahihi

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
1. Cooperative
Meaning (English): Willing to work with others
Kiswahili: Mshirikiano / Anayeshirikiana
Example:
The pupils are cooperative in class.
Wanafunzi wanashirikiana darasani.

2. Flying Colours
Meaning (English): With great success
Kiswahili: Kwa mafanikio makubwa
Example:
She passed the exam with flying colours.
Alifaulu mtihani kwa mafanikio makubwa.

3. Displaying
Meaning (English): Showing something so people can see it
Kiswahili: Kuonyesha / Kuweka wazi
Example:
The teacher is displaying the pictures on the board.
Mwalimu anaonyesha picha ubaoni.

4. Attentive
Meaning (English): Listening carefully and paying attention
Kiswahili: Makini / Anayesikiliza vizuri
Example:
The class is attentive during the lesson.
Darasa linasikiliza kwa umakini wakati wa somo.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 17
5. Dull
Meaning (English): Not interesting or slow to understand
Kiswahili: Duni / Isiyovutia / Mzito kuelewa (kulingana na muktadha)
Example:
The lesson is dull without activities.
Somo ni la kuchosha bila shughuli.

ADJECTIVE vs NOUN (WITH SENTENCES)

Adjective Sentence Noun Sentence
intelligent She is an intelligence
Her intelligence is
intelligent pupil. high.
important Clean water is importance
We know the
important. importance of clean
water.
different The two answers difference There is a difference
are different. between them.
diligent He is a diligent diligence His diligence helps
student. him pass.
confident She is confident confidence She speaks with
in class. confidence.
patient The teacher is patience Patience is needed in
patient. teaching.
honest He is an honest honesty Honesty is a good
boy. value.
kind She is kind to kindness Show kindness to
others. people.
careless He is careless in carelessness His carelessness
writing. causes mistakes.
happy The pupils are happiness Happiness is
happy today. important in life.
weak He is weak today. weakness Illness is his weakness.
LIZIKI DOMINICO 18
strong The bridge is strength The bridge has great
strong. strength.
active The child is activity Physical activity is
active. good.
safe The water is safe safety Safety comes first.
to drink.
able She is able to ability She has the ability to
read. read.

Simple Note for Learners

1. Adjective describes a noun.
2. Noun names a quality, idea, or thing.
Examples
1. He is confident. (Adjective)
2. He has confidence. (Noun)

FORMING QUESTION FROM THE GIVEN INFORMATION WITH WH WORDS

1. Pupils promised to be attentive in class
a) What did the pupils promise? They promised to be attentive in
class. Walisema watakuwa makini darasani.
b) Who promised to be attentive in class? The pupils promised to
be attentive in class. Wanafunzi waliahidi kuwa makini darasani.

2. The best pupils in class feel happy

a) Who feels happy? The best pupils in class feel happy. Wanafunzi
bora darasani wanajisikia furaha.
b) Why do they feel happy? They feel happy because they worked
hard. Wanajisikia furaha kwa sababu walifanya kazi kwa bidii.

3. In class, paying attention is very important

LIZIKI DOMINICO 19
 a) Why is paying attention important? Paying attention is important
because it helps students learn. Kuwa makini ni muhimu kwa
sababu kunasaidia wanafunzi kujifunza.
b) What is very important in class? Paying attention is very
important in class. Kuwa makini ni muhimu sana darasani.

4. Everybody believed that it was a new beginning

a) Who believed it was a new beginning? Everybody believed that
it was a new beginning. Kila mtu aliamini kuwa ilikuwa mwanzo
mpya.
b) What did everybody believe? Everybody believed it was a new
beginning. Kila mtu aliamini kuwa ilikuwa mwanzo mpya.

5. The best pupil will be rewarded after the examinations

a) When will the best pupil be rewarded? The best pupil will be
rewarded after the examinations. Mwanafunzi bora
atazawadiwa baada ya mitihani.
b) Who will be rewarded after the examinations? The best pupil
will be rewarded after the examinations. Mwanafunzi bora
atazawadiwa baada ya mitihani.

6. Standard six pupils were very eager to serve their goals

a) Why were the standard six pupils eager? They were eager
because they wanted to achieve their goals. Walikuwa na
shauku kwa sababu walitaka kufanikisha malengo yao.
b) Who were very eager to serve their goals? Standard six pupils
were very eager to serve their goals. Wanafunzi wa darasa la
sita walikuwa na shauku kubwa kufanikisha malengo yao.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 20
 CHAPTER THREE
PUNCTUATION MARKS
Introduction
Punctuation marks are symbols used in writing to make the meaning
of sentences clear.
In Kiswahili: Punctuation marks ni alama zinazotumika kwenye
maandishi ili kuelezea maana ya sentensi vizuri.

Common Punctuation Marks

Mark Name Use Kiswahili Example
Full stop / Shows the end I like apples. →
. Period of a sentence Ninapenda tunda la
apple.
Comma Separates items I bought apples,
, in a list or parts bananas, and oranges.
of a sentence → Nilinunua matunda ya
apple, ndizi, na
machungwa.
Question Used at the end Are you happy? → Je,
? mark of a question una furaha?

Exclamation Shows strong What a beautiful day! →

! mark feeling or
surprise
Siku nzuri sana!

Apostrophe Shows This is John's book. →

' possession or
missing letters
Hiki ni kitabu cha John.

Quotation Shows what She said, "I am tired." →

"" marks someone says Alisema, "Nimechoka."

LIZIKI DOMINICO 21
 Colon Introduces a list I have three pens: red,
: or explanation blue, and green. → Nina
penseli tatu: nyekundu,
buluu, na kijani.
Semicolon Joins two I like tea; she likes
; related
sentences
coffee. → Mimi napenda
chai; yeye anapenda
kahawa.
Hyphen Joins words or Twenty-one students are
- parts of words present. → Wanafunzi
ishirini na moja wako
pale.

Explanation
1. Full stop (.) → Ends a statement. Ends sentences politely.
2. Comma (,) → Pauses within a sentence or separates items.
3. Question mark (?) → Shows the sentence is a question.
4. Exclamation mark (!) → Shows strong emotion or excitement.
5. Apostrophe (') → Shows ownership or contraction (missing
letters).
6. Quotation marks (" ") → Show someone’s exact words.
7. Colon (:) → Introduces lists or explanations.
8. Semicolon (;) → Joins two related sentences without using
“and” or “but.”
9. Hyphen (-) → Joins words or numbers.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 22
 CHAPTER FOUR
USE OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Introduction
In English, we use direct and indirect speech to report what
someone says.
Direct speech → We write the exact words someone said.
Indirect speech → We report what someone said, without using
their exact words.
In Kiswahili:
Direct speech = Kauli ya moja kwa moja (tunarekodia maneno ya
mtu kama yalivyo)
Indirect speech = Kauli isiyo ya moja kwa moja (tunaarifu maneno
bila kutumia maneno halisi)

Direct Speech
Explanation (English)
Direct speech uses quotation marks (" "). It shows exactly what the
person said.
Example:
1. She said, "I am happy." Alisema, "Nina furaha."
2. John said, "I will go to school tomorrow." John alisema,
"Nitakwenda shule kesho."

Indirect Speech
Indirect speech does not use quotation marks. Usually, we change the
pronouns and the tense.
Examples:
1. She said that she was happy. Alisema kuwa ana furaha.
2. John said that he would go to school the next day. John alisema
kuwa angeenda shule kesho.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 23
In this type os speech we don’t use quotation marks and we
normally change verbs and pronouns.

Rules for Changing from Direct to Indirect

Direct Speech Indirect Speech Notes (Kiswahili)
"I am tired," she She said that she was Badilisha tense (am
said. tired. → was)
"I will come," he He said that he would Will → would
said. come.
"I like apples," John John said that he liked Simple present →
said. apples. simple past
"I am going to She said that she was Pronouns change (I
school," she said. going to school. → she)

Examples of Transformation
1. Direct: She said, "I am reading a book."
Indirect: She said that she was reading a book.
2. Direct: He said, "I will help you tomorrow."
Indirect: He said that he would help me the next day.
3. Direct: John said, "I love my school."
Indirect: John said that he loved his school.
4. Direct: The teacher said, "Do your homework."
Indirect: The teacher told us to do our homework.

New Vocabulary
Word Meaning (English) Kiswahili
Direct speech Exact words someone said Kauli ya moja kwa
moja
Indirect Reporting words someone Kauli isiyo ya moja
speech said kwa moja

LIZIKI DOMINICO 24
Quotation " " used in direct speech Nukuu
marks
Pronoun Words like I, he, she, we Viwakilishi
Tense Time of action (past, Wakati wa tendo
present, future)

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
1. Instructed
Meaning (English): Told someone to do something
Kiswahili: Alielekeza / Aliamuru
Example:
1. The teacher instructed the students to do their homework.
Mwalimu aliwaelekeza wanafunzi kufanya kazi zao za
nyumbani.

2. Kindness
Meaning (English): Being friendly, generous, and considerate
Kiswahili: Wema / Ukarimu
Example:
2. She showed kindness to the new student.
Alionyesha wema kwa mwanafunzi mpya.

3. Parents Kiswahili: Wazazi

Meaning (English): Mother and father
Example:
3. Parents should take care of their children.
Wazazi wanapaswa kuwalea watoto wao.

4. Thanked
Meaning (English): Expressed gratitude
Kiswahili: Alishukuru

LIZIKI DOMINICO 25
Example:
4. He thanked his teacher for the help.
Alimshukuru mwalimu wake kwa msaada.

5. School Kiswahili: Shule

Meaning (English): A place where children learn
Example:
5. The children go to school every day.
Watoto huenda shule kila siku.

6. Medicines Kiswahili: Dawa

Meaning (English): Substances used to treat illnesses
Example:
• The doctor gave me some medicines.
Daktari alinipa baadhi ya dawa.

7. Malaria Kiswahili: Malaria

Meaning (English): A disease caused by mosquito bites
Example:
6. Malaria can make people very sick.
Malaria inaweza kuwafanya watu wagonjwe sana.

8. Home Kiswahili: Nyumbani

Meaning (English): Place where someone lives
Example:
7. I stayed at home during the holidays.
Nilikaa nyumbani wakati wa likizo.

9. Took Kiswahili: Alichukua

Meaning (English): Past tense of "take"
Example:

LIZIKI DOMINICO 26
 8. He took the book from the table.
Alichukua kitabu kutoka mezani.

10. Blood test Kiswahili: Kipimo cha damu

Meaning (English): A medical test using blood
Example:
9. The doctor asked for a blood test.
Daktari aliomba kipimo cha damu.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
1. Dizzy Kiswahili: Kizunguzungu
Meaning (English): Feeling unsteady or like the room is spinning
Example:
1. She felt dizzy after standing up quickly.
Alijihisi na kichwa kuzunguka baada ya kusimama haraka.
2. Kindness Kiswahili: Wema / Ukarimu
Meaning (English): Being friendly, generous, or helpful
Example:
2. Showing kindness to others makes everyone happy.
Kuonyesha wema kwa wengine kunafanya kila mtu afurahi.

3. Get well Kiswahili: Kupona / Kupona haraka

Meaning (English): To recover from sickness
Example:
3. I hope you get well soon.
Natumai utapona haraka.

4. Please Kiswahili: Tafadhali

Meaning (English): Used to make a polite request
Example:

LIZIKI DOMINICO 27
 4. Please, help me with this exercise.
Tafadhali, nisaidie na zoezi hili.

5. Laboratory Kiswahili: Maabara

Meaning (English): A room or building where scientific work is done
Example:
5. The students are doing experiments in the laboratory.
Wanafunzi wanafanya majaribio kwenye maabara.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
1. Obedient Kiswahili: Anayesikiliza / Mtii
Meaning (English): Willing to follow rules or listen to instructions
Example:
1. The obedient pupil always follows the teacher’s instructions.
Mwanafunzi mtii daima husikiliza maelekezo ya mwalimu.

2. Hospital Kiswahili: Hospitali

Meaning (English): A place where sick people get treatment
Example:
2. She went to the hospital for a check-up.
Alikwenda hospitali kwa ajili ya ukaguzi wa afya.

3. Check up Kiswahili: Ukaguzi wa afya

Meaning (English): A medical examination
Example:
3. The doctor gave me a full check-up.
Daktari alinipa ukaguzi kamili wa afya.

4. Fallen Kiswahili: Ameanguka

Meaning (English): Dropped or came down
Example:

LIZIKI DOMINICO 28
 4. The tree has fallen in the garden.
Mti umeanguka kwenye bustani.
5. Greet
Meaning (English): To say hello or welcome someone
Kiswahili: Salimia / Kumkaribisha mtu
Example:
5. Children greet their teachers in the morning.
Watoto wanasalimia walimu wao asubuhi.
6. Wake up Kiswahili: Kuamka
Meaning (English): To stop sleeping
Example:
6. I wake up early every day.
Ninaamka mapema kila siku.

7. Prepares Kiswahili: Kuandaa / Kujiandaa

Meaning (English): Gets ready
Example:
7. She prepares her school bag every night.
Anaandaa mkoba wake wa shule kila usiku.

8. Proud of Kiswahili: Kujivunia

Meaning (English): Feeling happy about someone’s achievements
Example:
1. The teacher is proud of her students.
Mwalimu anajivunia wanafunzi wake.

9. Dizzy
Meaning (English): Feeling unsteady or like the room is spinning
Kiswahili: Kichwa kuzunguka
Example:

LIZIKI DOMINICO 29
He felt dizzy after standing too quickly.
Alijihisi na kichwa kuzunguka baada ya kusimama haraka.

10. On time Kiswahili: Kwa wakati

Meaning (English): At the correct or scheduled time
Example:
2. Pupils should arrive at school on time.
Wanafunzi wanapaswa kufika shule kwa wakati.

11. Kind Kiswahili: Mwema

Meaning (English): Being friendly, generous, or helpful
Example:
3. She is kind to all her classmates.
Yeye ni mwema kwa wenzake wote darasani.

12. Respectful Kiswahili: Mwenye heshima

Meaning (English): Showing respect
Example:
4. Pupils must be respectful to their teachers.
Wanafunzi lazima wawe wenye heshima kwa walimu wao.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
1. Population Kiswahili: Idadi ya watu
Meaning (English): The number of people living in a place
Example:
5. The population of the town is very large.
Idadi ya watu mjini ni kubwa sana.
2. Eager
Meaning (English): Very excited or interested to do something
Kiswahili: Mwenye shauku / Anayetarajia kwa hamu
Example:

LIZIKI DOMINICO 30
 6. The students were eager to participate in the competition.
Wanafunzi walikuwa na shauku kushiriki katika mashindano.

3. Unity Kiswahili: Umoja

Meaning (English): Being together or working together as one
Example:
Unity makes the community stronger.
Umoja unafanya jamii kuwa imara zaidi.

4. Impressed Kiswahili: Kushawishika / Kuhisi heshima

Meaning (English): Feeling admiration for something
Example:
7. I was impressed by her performance.
Nilishawishika na utendaji wake.

5. Hardworking
Meaning (English): Always putting effort into work or study
Kiswahili: Mfanya kazi kwa bidii
Example:
8. She is a hardworking student.
Yeye ni mwanafunzi mfanyakazi kwa bidii.

6. Commission Kiswahili: Kamisheni / Tume

Meaning (English): A group of people officially chosen to do
something
Example:
9. The government set up a commission to study education.
Serikali ilianzisha kamisheni kuchunguza elimu.

7. Tourists

LIZIKI DOMINICO 31
Meaning (English): People who travel to visit places for pleasure
Kiswahili: Watalii
Example:
10. Tourists visited the national park.
Watalii walitembelea hifadhi ya taifa.

8. Exist
Meaning (English): To be real or present
Kiswahili: Kuwapo / Posta
Example:
11. Many rare animals exist in the forest.
Wanyama wengi adimu wanapo katika msitu.

9. Clapped Kiswahili: Alipiga makofi

Meaning (English): Hit the hands together to show approval or
happiness
Example:
1. The audience clapped after the performance.
Watazamaji walipiga makofi baada ya onyesho.

10. Revenue Kiswahili: Mapato

Meaning (English): Income earned by a government or business
Example:
2. Tourism brings revenue to the country.
Utalii huleta mapato kwa nchi.

Exercise: Fill in the blanks

1. The town has a large __________.
2. The students were __________ to join the school trip.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 32
3. __________ brings people together to achieve goals.
4. I was __________ by the teacher’s speech.
5. She is very __________; she studies every day.
6. The government formed a __________ to investigate the
problem.
7. Many __________ visited the beach last summer.
8. Do unicorns really __________?
9. The crowd __________ loudly after the performance.
10. Tourism generates a lot of __________ for the country.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 33
 CHAPTER FIVE : AUXILIARY VERBS
1. Introduction
Auxiliary verbs are helping verbs that are used with main verbs to
form tenses, questions, negatives, or passive voice.
Kiswahili:
Auxiliary verbs ni vitenzi vya kusaidia ambavyo husaidia kitenzi kikuu
kuunda wakati wa tendo, kuuliza maswali, kukanusha, au sauti ya
kupita.

2. Common Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary Use Example Kiswahili
Verb Sentence Translation
Be (am, is, To form She is reading Yeye anasoma
are, was, continuous a book. kitabu.
were) tenses and
passive voice
Have (has, To form perfect They have Wamekamilisha
have, had) tenses finished their kazi zao za
homework. nyumbani.
Do (do, To make Do you like Je, unapenda
does, did) questions and apples? maapulo?
negatives
Will / Shall To form future I will go to Nitakwenda shule
tense school kesho.
tomorrow.
Can / Could To show ability She can swim Anaweza kuogelea
or possibility very well. vizuri.
May / To show It may rain Inawezekana
Might possibility or today. kunyesha leo.
permission
LIZIKI DOMINICO 34
Must To show You must study Lazima usome kwa
necessity for the exam. mtihani.

Explanation
1. Be
Used in continuous tense: I am reading, They were playing.
✓ Used in passive voice: The book is written by Mary.
2. Have
Present perfect: I have eaten.
✓ Past perfect: She had left before I came.
3. Do
Questions: Do you like tea?
Negatives: I do not like tea.
4. Will / Shall
To talk about the future: We will travel tomorrow.
5. Can / Could
Ability: He can run fast.
Polite request: Could you help me?
6. May / Might
Possibility: It might snow.
Permission: You may go now.
7. Must
Obligation: You must obey the rules.

Exercises
Exercise 1: Choose the correct auxiliary verb
1. She ___ reading a book. (am / have / is)
2. They ___ finished their homework. (have / do / will)
3. ___ you like apples? (Do / Can / Must)
4. I ___ visit my friend tomorrow. (will / do / may)
5. He ___ swim very well. (can / do / have)

LIZIKI DOMINICO 35
 6. It ___ rain today. (may / will / is)
7. You ___ study hard for exams. (must / have / do)

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

1. I ___ going to school now.
2. She ___ eaten lunch already.
3. ___ they play football yesterday?
4. We ___ travel to the village next week.
5. He ___ read the book very quickly.
6. Students ___ arrive on time every day.
7. You ___ be quiet in the library.

Compare your answers

Exercise 1: Choose the correct auxiliary verb (Answers)
1. She is reading a book. correct
2. They have finished their homework. correct
3. Do you like apples? correct
4. I will visit my friend tomorrow. correct
5. He can swim very well. correct
6. It may rain today. correct
7. You must study hard for exams. correct

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks (Answers)

1. I am going to school now. correct
2. She has eaten lunch already. correct
3. Did they play football yesterday? correct
4. We will travel to the village next week. correct
5. He can read the book very quickly. correct
6. Students must arrive on time every day. correct
7. You must be quiet in the library. correct
LIZIKI DOMINICO 36
 CHAPTER SIX: SHOULD AND SHOULDN'T
1. Introduction
Should is used to give advice or suggest what is right.
Shouldn't is used to give advice about what is wrong or not
recommended.
Kiswahili:
Should = Inatumika kutoa ushauri au kusema kile kilicho sahihi.
Shouldn't = Inatumika kutoa ushauri wa kile kisicho sahihi au
kisichopendekezwa.

2. Explanation
Word Use Example Kiswahili
Sentence Translation
Should Advice / You should eat Unapaswa kula
Recommendation fruits every day. matunda kila
siku.
Shouldn't Advice against / You shouldn't Hupaswi kula
Warning eat too much sukari nyingi.
sugar.

Tips:
1. Should + verb → Positive advice
Example: You should study hard. → Unapaswa kusoma kwa
bidii.
2. Shouldn't + verb → Negative advice
Example: You shouldn't be late. → Hupaswi kuchelewa.

3. Examples of Sentences
3. You should brush your teeth twice a day. → Unapaswa kupiga
mswaki mara mbili kwa siku.
LIZIKI DOMINICO 37
 4. Children shouldn't watch too much TV. → Watoto hawapaswi
kuangalia TV sana.
5. We should respect our teachers. → Tunapaswa kuwaheshimu
walimu wetu.
6. You shouldn't waste water. → Hupaswi kupoteza maji.
7. People should help those in need. → Watu wanapaswa
kuwasaidia wale wenye haja.

4. Vocabulary
Word Meaning (English) Kiswahili
Advice Guidance or recommendation Ushauri
Respect Treating someone well Heshima
Waste Use carelessly Kupoteza
Recommend Suggest as good or suitable Kupendekeza
Need Requirement or necessity Haja
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with should or shouldn't
1. You ___ eat vegetables every day.
2. Children ___ stay up very late.
3. We ___ help our friends when they are in trouble.
4. You ___ lie to your parents.
5. People ___ keep the environment clean.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences as advice

1. You are late to school. → ________
2. You are not washing your hands before eating. → ______
3. You spend all your time playing games. → ________
4. Your friend is sad. → ________
5. You eat too much junk food. → ________

LIZIKI DOMINICO 38
 CHAPTER SEVEN: USING …AS…, WHILE, AND WHEN
Introduction
As, while, and when are words used to connect two actions or
events in a sentence.
Kiswahili:
As, while, na when ni maneno yanayotumika kuunganisha matendo
au matukio mawili kwenye sentensi.

Explanation
Word Use Example Kiswahili
Sentence Translation
As Shows two actions She smiled as Alitabasamu wakati
happening at the she read the akisoma barua.
same time or letter.
reason
While Shows two actions He was cooking Alikuwa anapika
happening at the while I was wakati mimi nikiwa
same time setting the naandaa meza.
table.
When Refers to the time I was sleeping Nilikuwa ninalala
something happens when the phone wakati simu
rang. ilipopiga.

3. Notes
1. As Often used for simultaneous actions or reason.
✓ Example: As it was raining, we stayed home. → Kwa kuwa
ilinyesha, tulikaa nyumbani.
2. While, it is Used for two actions at the same time, usually with
contrast.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 39
 ✓ Example: He likes football, while his brother prefers
basketball. → Anapenda mpira wa miguu, wakati kaka yake
anapendelea mpira wa kikapu.
3. When, Indicates a specific moment in time.
✓ Example: Call me when you arrive. → Nipigie simu utakapo
fika.
Examples of Sentences
4. She was singing as she walked to school. → Alikuwa anaimba
wakati akielekea shule.
5. I read a book while my sister was drawing. → Nilisoma kitabu
wakati dada yangu akichora.
6. He fell asleep when the movie started. → Alilala wakati filamu
ilipoanza.
7. As it was late, we went home. → Kwa kuwa ilikuwa imechelewa,
tulirudi nyumbani.
8. She cooked dinner while I cleaned the kitchen. → Alipika
chakula cha jioni wakati mimi nikiwa naosha jikoni.

Vocabulary
Word Meaning (English) Kiswahili
Simultaneous Happening at the same Dhihiri kwa wakati
time mmoja
Contrast Difference between two Tofauti / Kinyume
things
Specific Exact or particular Maalum
Moment A short period of time Wakati / Dakika
Reason Cause or explanation Sababu
6. Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with as, while, or when
1. She was reading a book ___ her brother was watching TV.
2. I called my friend ___ I arrived home.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 40
 3. ___ it was raining, we stayed indoors.
4. He was sleeping ___ the teacher was speaking.
5. She smiled ___ she saw her friends.

Exercise 2: Combine the sentences using as, while, or when

1. I was cooking. My sister was setting the table. → ________
2. It started raining. We were playing outside. → __________
3. He was reading. I was drawing. → ____________________
4. The teacher entered. The students were chatting. → _____
5. I was walking to school. I saw a lost puppy. → __________

VOCABULARY PRACTICE
1. License Kiswahili: Leseni / Ruhusa rasmi
Meaning (English): An official document giving permission to do
something
Example:
1. You need a license to drive a car.
Unahitaji leseni ya kuendesha gari.

2. Excited Kiswahili: Furaha / Hamu kubwa

Meaning (English): Very happy and enthusiastic
Example:
2. The children were excited about the school trip.
Watoto walifurahi sana kwa sababu ya ziara ya shule.
3. Game reserves Kiswahili: Hifadhi za wanyama pori
Meaning (English): Areas of land where wild animals are protected
Example:
3. Tourists visited the game reserves to see elephants.
Watalii walitembelea hifadhi za wanyama pori kuona tembo.

4. GPS Kiswahili: Mfumo wa kupata mahali (GPS)

LIZIKI DOMINICO 41
Meaning (English): A system to find location using satellites
Example:
4. We used a GPS to find our way in the forest.
Tulitumia GPS kupata njia yetu msituni.

5. Hunting Kiswahili: kuwinda

Meaning (English): The act of searching and killing animals
Example:
5. Hunting without a permit is illegal.
Uwinda bila ruhusa ni kinyume cha sheria.

6. Surprise Kiswahili: Kushangaa / Mshangao

Meaning (English): Something unexpected
Example:
6. They prepared a surprise party for their teacher.
Walitayarisha sherehe ya mshangao kwa mwalimu wao.

7. Rhino Kiswahili: kifaru

Meaning (English): A large, thick-skinned animal with one or two
horns
Example:
7. The rhino is protected in the national park.
kifaru linahifadhiwa kwenye hifadhi ya taifa.

8. Hunting permit: Ruhusa ya uwinda

Meaning (English): Official permission to hunt animals
Example:
1. You must have a hunting permit before going hunting.
Lazima uwe na ruhusa ya uwinda kabla ya kwenda kuwindwa.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 42
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks
1. You need a ___ to drive a car.
2. The children were ___ about the trip.
3. Tourists visited the ___ to see lions and elephants.
4. We used a ___ to find our way in the forest.
5. ___ without a permit is illegal.
6. They prepared a ___ party for the teacher.
7. The ___ is a protected animal.
8. You must have a ___ before hunting.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 43
 CHAPTER EIGHT: USING A DICTIONARY
1. Introduction
A dictionary is a book or online resource that gives the meaning,
spelling, pronunciation, and usage of words.
Kiswahili:
Dictionary ni kitabu au rasilimali mtandaoni kinachotoa maana,
tahajia, matamshi, na matumizi ya maneno.

2. Parts of a Dictionary Entry

Part Meaning Example Kiswahili
Word / The main word Apple Neno kuu
Headword you want to know
Part of speech Shows if the word Noun Aina ya
is a noun, verb, neno
etc.
Meaning The definition of A fruit that is Maana
the word red, green, or
yellow
Pronunciation How to say the /ˈæp.əl/ Matamshi
word
Example How the word is I eat an apple Mfano wa
sentence used every morning. sentensi

Vocabulary
Word Meaning (English) Kiswahili
Alphabetical In ABC order Kwa mpangilio wa
alfabeti
Definition Meaning of a word Maana
Pronunciation How a word is spoken Matamshi
LIZIKI DOMINICO 44
Noun Name of a person, place, Kitenzi cha nomino
or thing
Verb An action word Kitenzi cha kitendo
Adjective Describes a noun Kitenzi kinachoelezea
nomino

LIZIKI DOMINICO 45
 CHAPTER NINE: ANTONYMS AND SYNONYMS
Introduction
Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings.
Kiswahili: Antonyms ni maneno ambayo yana maana kinyume.

Explanation
Antonyms are useful in writing and speaking to make language more
interesting.
Kiswahili: Maneno ya kinyume yanasaidia katika kuandika na
kuzungumza kufanya lugha iwe ya kuvutia.

Example:
✓ Big – Small → Kubwa – Kidogo
✓ Hot – Cold → Moto – Baridi
Some words can have more than one antonym depending on
context.
Example:
✓ Fast → Slow / Sluggish
✓ Happy → Sad / Unhappy
3. Examples of Common Antonyms
Word Antonym Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Sentence Translation
Big Small Kubwa – The elephant is Tembo ni kubwa,
Kidogo big, but the lakini panya ni
mouse is small. mdogo.
Hot Cold Moto – Tea is hot, but Chai ni moto, lakini
Baridi water is cold. maji ni baridi.
Happy Sad Furaha – She is happy Anafurahi leo,
Huzuni today, but lakini jana alikuwa
yesterday she na huzuni.
was sad.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 46
Fast Slow Haraka – The rabbit is Sungura ni haraka,
Polepole fast, but the lakini kobe ni
turtle is slow. polepole.
Clean Dirty Safi – The floor is Sakafu ni safi,
Chafu clean, but the lakini meza ni
table is dirty. chafu.
Strong Weak Imara – The man is Mtu mzima ni
Dhaifu strong, but the imara, lakini
boy is weak. mvulana ni dhaifu.
New Old Mpya – I bought a new Nimenunua kitabu
Zamani book, but my kipya, lakini kaka
brother has an yangu ana kile cha
old one. zamani.

Vocabulary Practice
Word Antonym Kiswahili
Light Heavy Nyepesi – Nzito
Near Far Karibu – Mbali
Empty Full Tupu – Jimeka
Early Late Mapema – Chelewa
Hard Soft Gumu – Laini
Loud Quiet Kuu – Tulivu
Rich Poor Tajiri – Maskini

Exercises
Exercise 1: Match the words with their antonyms
1. Big → ________
2. Hot → ________
3. Happy → ________
4. Fast → ________
5. Clean → ________
LIZIKI DOMINICO 47
 6. Strong → ________
7. New → ________

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with antonyms

1. The room is dark, but the garden is ____.
2. My old shoes are worn out, but my new shoes are ____.
3. The boy is weak, but the man is ____.
4. Water is cold, but tea is ____.
5. The library is quiet, but the playground is ____.

SYNONYMS
Introduction
Synonyms are words that have the same or nearly the same meaning.
Kiswahili: Synonyms ni maneno ambayo yana maana sawa au
karibu sawa.

Explanation
Synonyms are useful in writing and speaking to avoid repeating the
same words. Kiswahili: Maneno ya sawa yanasaidia katika kuandika
na kuzungumza ili kuepuka kurudia maneno moja mara nyingi.
Example:
1. Big – Large → Kubwa
2. Happy – Joyful → Furaha
Some words can have more than one synonym depending on
context.
Example:
1. Fast → Quick / Rapid
2. Beautiful → Lovely / Attractive

3. Examples of Common Synonyms

LIZIKI DOMINICO 48
Word Synonym Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Sentence Translation
Big Large Kubwa The elephant is Tembo ni kubwa.
big. → The → Tembo ni
elephant is kubwa.
large.
Happy Joyful Furaha She is happy Anafurahi leo. →
today. → She is Anafurahi leo.
joyful today.
Fast Quick Haraka The rabbit is Sungura ni
fast. → The haraka. →
rabbit is quick. Sungura ni
haraka.
Beautiful Lovely Nzuri The flower is Ua ni mzuri. →
beautiful. → Ua ni mzuri.
The flower is
lovely.
Small Tiny Kidogo The mouse is Panya ni mdogo.
small. → The → Panya ni
mouse is tiny. mdogo.
Smart Intelligent Werevu / He is a smart Yeye ni mvulana
Akili boy. → He is an werevu. → Yeye
intelligent boy. ni mvulana
werevu.
Loud Noisy Kuu / The music is Muziki ni kuu. →
Kelele loud. → The Muziki ni kelele.
music is noisy.

Vocabulary Practice
Word Synonym Kiswahili
Begin Start Anza – Kuanza
LIZIKI DOMINICO 49
End Finish Mwisho – Kumaliza
Help Assist Saidia – Kusaidia
Difficult Hard Gumu – Ngumu
Rich Wealthy Tajiri – Mali nyingi
Old Ancient Zamani – Kale
Quiet Silent Tulivu – Kimya

Exercises
Exercise 1: Match the words with their synonyms
1. Big → ________
2. Happy → ________
3. Fast → ________
4. Beautiful → ________
5. Small → ________
6. Smart → ________
7. Loud → ________

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with synonyms

1. The elephant is large, but the mouse is ____.
2. She felt joyful after passing the exam. → She felt ____.
3. The rabbit is quick, but the turtle is ____.
4. The music is noisy, but the library is ____.
5. He is intelligent and always helps others → He is _____.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 50
 CHAPTER TEN: HOMONYMS
Introduction
Homonyms are words that sound the same or are spelled the same
but have different meanings.
Kiswahili:Homonyms ni maneno ambayo yanasikika sawa au
yameandikwa sawa lakini yana maana tofauti.

Explanation
Homonyms help learners understand that the same word can have
different meanings depending on context. Kiswahili: Homonyms
husaidia wanafunzi kuelewa kuwa neno moja linaweza kuwa na
maana tofauti kulingana na muktadha.

Example
Bat → an animal / a sports tool
The bat is flying at night. → popo anaruka usiku.
He hit the ball with a bat. → Alipiga mpira kwa fimbo ya mpira.

Homonyms can be:

Sound alike (Homophones) → sound the same, may be spelled
differently
Spelled the same (Homographs) → same spelling, different meaning

3. Examples of Homonyms
Word Meaning Meaning 2 Example Example Kiswahili
1 Sentence 1 Sentence 2
Bat Animal Sports tool The bat He hit the Popo /
flew at ball with a Fimbo ya
night. bat. mpira
Bank Side of a A place for We sat on I deposited Mto / Benki
river money the river money in the
bank. bank.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 51
Watch Look at / Timepiece Watch the I bought a Tazama / Saa
Observe birds flying. new watch.
Pen Writing Enclosure He writes The goats Kalamu /
tool for animals with a pen. are in the Uwanja wa
pen. Wanyama
Bark Tree Dog sound The tree The dog Gome la mti
covering has rough barked / Mbwa kulia
bark. loudly.

Vocabulary Practice
Word Meaning 1 Meaning 2 Kiswahili
Spring Season Jump Msimu wa majira / Kuruka
Nail Finger/toe Small metal Kucha / Msumeno mdogo
part object wa chuma
Light Not heavy Brightness Nyepesi / Nuru
Rose Flower Past of rise Ua la waridi / Aliinuka
Right Correct Direction Sahihi / Kuelekea kulia

Exercises
Exercise 1: Identify the meaning
1. The bat is flying at night. → ________
2. He hit the ball with a bat. → ________
3. I deposited money in the bank. → ________
4. We sat on the river bank. → ________
5. Watch the birds flying. → ________
6. I bought a new watch. → ________

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with correct homonyms

1. The dog ___ loudly in the yard. (bark / bat)
2. I saw a ___ in the forest at night. (bat / watch)
3. The ___ is not heavy. (light / rose)
4. I need a ___ to write. (pen / spring)
LIZIKI DOMINICO 52
 5. She planted a ___ in the garden. (rose / right)

VOCABULARY: SIMILAR MEANING WORDS

1. Led
Meaning (English): Guided or directed Kiswahili: Kuongoza /
Kuendesha
Example: He led the team to victory. → Aliongoza timu hadi ushindi.

2. Wounded
Meaning (English): Injured or hurt Kiswahili: Kuumia / Kujeruhiwa
Example: The soldier was wounded in the battle. → Askari
alijeruhiwa kwenye vita.

3. Notify
Meaning (English): To inform or tell
Kiswahili: Kuarifu / Kuwajulisha
Example: Please notify me if you are coming. → Tafadhali niajulisha
ikiwa unakuja.

4. Studied
Meaning (English): Learned or reviewed carefully
Kiswahili: Kusoma kwa makini / Kujifunza
Example: She studied hard for the exam. → Alisoma kwa bidii kwa
mtihani.

5. Possibly
Meaning (English): Maybe / Perhaps
Kiswahili: Huenda / Labda
Example: We can possibly finish the work today. → Huenda
tukamaliza kazi leo.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 53
6. Powerlessness
Meaning (English): Lack of power or ability
Kiswahili: Kutokuwa na nguvu / Udhaifu
Example: He felt powerlessness in solving the problem. → Alijihisi
hana nguvu kutatua tatizo.

7. Unexpectedly
Meaning (English): Suddenly / Without warning
Kiswahili: Ghafla / Bila kutarajia
Example: She arrived unexpectedly at the party. → Alifika ghafla
kwenye sherehe.

8. Knocked
Meaning (English): Hit or strike, usually on a door
Kiswahili: Kupiga / Kugonga
Example: He knocked on the door before entering. → Aligonga
mlango kabla ya kuingia.

Exercise : Fill in the blanks with the correct word

1. He ___ the team to victory.
2. The soldier was ___ in the battle.
3. Please ___ me if you are coming.
4. She ___ hard for the exam.
5. We can ___ finish the work today.
6. He felt ___ in solving the problem.
7. She arrived ___ at the party.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 54
Passages Using Above Words
Passage 1: The School Trip
Last week, our teacher led the class on a trip to the national park.
Everyone was excited. One of the students accidentally got wounded
when he fell near a tree. The teacher quickly notified the school nurse.
Before the trip, we had studied the rules carefully, so we knew how to
stay safe. Possibly, if we had not listened, the accident could have
been worse. Everyone felt a little powerlessness when the student
was hurt, but the nurse helped him quickly. Suddenly, a wild monkey
knocked down a bag from a tree unexpectedly, making all of us laugh.

Passage 2: The Unexpected Visitor

Yesterday evening, I was at home. I had studied all afternoon for my
English exam. Suddenly, someone knocked at the door unexpectedly.
I opened it and saw my cousin, who led me to the living room.
During the visit, he told me that our neighbour had been wounded in
a small accident. He promised to notify the family immediately. I felt
a sense of powerlessness because I could not help. We possibly could
visit them tomorrow to offer help.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 55
 CHAPTER ELEVEN: COMPOUND WORDS
1. Introduction
Compound words are words that are formed by joining two or more
words to make a new word with a new meaning.
Kiswahili: Compound words ni maneno yanayoundwa kwa
kuunganisha maneno mawili au zaidi ili kupata neno jipya lenye
maana mpya.

TYPES OF COMPOUND WORDS

There are three main types of compound words:
1. Closed compound words: The words are joined together
without space (e.g., notebook, toothbrush)
2. Hyphenated compound words: The words are joined with a
hyphen (e.g., mother-in-law, well-known)
3. Open compound words: The words are used together but
written separately (e.g., ice cream, post office)
Example:
1. Sun + flower = Sunflower → A flower that follows the sun → ua
la alizeti
2. Tooth + brush = Toothbrush → A brush used for cleaning teeth
→ Mswaki
Examples of Common Compound Words
Compound Meaning Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Word Sentence Translation
Notebook A book for Daftari I wrote my Niliandika kazi ya
writing notes homework in nyumbani
my notebook. kwenye daftari
langu.
Toothbrush A brush for Mswaki I use a Ninatumia
cleaning toothbrush mswaki kila
teeth every morning. asubuhi.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 56
Sunflower A tall plant Ua wa The sunflower Ua wa jua ni
that follows jua is very tall. mrefu sana.
the sun
Mother-in- Wife’s or Mama My mother-in- Mama mkwe
law husband’s mkwe law is very kind. wangu ni
mother mkarimu sana.
Ice cream A frozen Aiskrimu I love chocolate Ninapenda
sweet treat ice cream. aiskrimu ya
chokoleti.
Post office Place to send Ofisi ya I went to the Nilienda ofisi ya
letters and posta post office to posta kutuma
parcels send a letter. barua.

4. Vocabulary Practice
Word Meaning Kiswahili
Bedroom A room for sleeping Chumba cha kulala
Football A ball game played with the feet Mpira wa miguu
Rainbow Colors in the sky after rain Upinde wa mvua
Haircut Cutting hair Kukata nywele
Playground Place for children to play Uwanja wa michezo
Bookshelf A shelf to keep books Rafu ya vitabu

5. Exercises
Exercise 1: Match the compound word with its meaning
1. Notebook → ________
2. Toothbrush → ________
3. Ice cream → ________
4. Post office → ________
5. Sunflower → ________
6. Mother-in-law → ________
a) frozen sweet treat
b) A book for writing notes

LIZIKI DOMINICO 57
c) Wife’s or husband’s mother
d) A brush for cleaning teeth
e) Place to send letters and parcels
f) A tall plant that follows the sun

LIZIKI DOMINICO 58
CHAPTER TWELVE: COMPOUND WORDS FROM FOOD AND DAILY
ITEMS
Compound Meaning (English) Kiswahili
Word
Watermelon A large fruit with Tikitimaji
watery flesh
Butterfly Insect with colorful Kipepeo
wings
Foodstuff Items used as food Vyakula
Starfish Sea animal shaped like Nyota ya baharini
a star
Milkshake Sweet drink made from Kinywaji cha maziwa na
milk and flavorings ladha
Frying pan Pan used for frying Kikombe cha kukaanga /
food Sahani ya kukaanga
Gingerbread Sweet baked bread Mkate wa tangawizi
flavored with ginger
Breadstuff Bread-related products Vyakula vya mkate
Fastfood Food prepared quickly Chakula cha haraka
and easily
Peasoup Soup made from peas Supu ya kunde
Starfruit Tropical fruit shaped Tunda la nyota
like a star
Milkpan Pan used for heating Chungu cha maziwa
milk (less common)
Breakfast First meal of the day Kiamsha kinywa
Nutstuff Food made from nuts Vyakula vya karanga
Shakepan Pan used for shaking or Chungu cha kutengeneza
stirring food chakula kwa kutikisa

LIZIKI DOMINICO 59
Notes:
b) Some words may be more common than others (e.g., breakfast,
watermelon, milkshake are widely used).
c) Compound words can be written as closed, hyphenated, or
open, depending on usage:
d) Closed: breakfast, watermelon
Hyphenated: ginger-bread (sometimes)
e) Open: frying pan

LIZIKI DOMINICO 60
 CHAPTER THIRTEEN: SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
The simple present tense is used to describe: Habits or routines Facts
or general truths Feelings or states

2. Structure
Affirmative Sentences (Positive)
Subject + Base Verb (+ s/es for he/she/it)
Examples:
1. I eat rice every day. → Ninakula wali kila siku.
2. She plays football on Sundays. → Yeye anacheza mpira wa
miguu Jumapili.
Negative Sentences
Subject + do/does not + Base Verb
Examples:
1. I do not (don’t) eat meat. → Sinali nyama.
2. He does not (doesn’t) play football. → Hachezi mpira wa miguu.

Interrogative Sentences (Questions)

Do/Does + Subject + Base Verb?
Examples:
1. Do you like milk? → Je, unapenda maziwa?
2. Does she go to school? → Je, yeye huenda shule?

3. Signal Words (Words that show simple present)

✓ always → daima
✓ usually → kawaida
✓ often → mara kwa mara
✓ sometimes → wakati mwingine
✓ never → kamwe
Examples:

LIZIKI DOMINICO 61
 ❖ I always drink water in the morning. → Kila wakati ninakunywa
maji asubuhi.
❖ He never eats junk food. → Yeye hakula chakula kisicho na lishe.

4. Vocabulary Practice
Subject Verb Example Sentence Kiswahili
I eat I eat rice every Ninakula wali kila siku.
day.
He plays He plays football. Yeye anacheza mpira wa
miguu.
She goes She goes to Yeye huenda shule.
school.
They study They study Wanafunzi wanasoma
English. Kiingereza.
We like We like fruits. Tunapenda matunda.

5. Exercises
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with the correct verb
1. I ____ (drink) water every morning.
2. She ____ (play) football on Sundays.
3. They ____ (study) English every day.
4. He ____ (not/go) to school on Saturdays.
5. We ____ (like) fruits and vegetables.

Exercise 2: Make questions from the following sentences

1. I eat rice every day. → ____?
2. She plays football. → ____?
3. They study English. → ____?
4. He goes to school. → ____?
5. We like fruits. → ____?

LIZIKI DOMINICO 62
 CHAPTER FOURTEEN: USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Introduction
Relative pronouns are words used to connect a clause or phrase to a
noun or pronoun.
Common relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that
Kiswahili: Relative pronouns ni maneno yanayotumika kuunganisha
kifungu cha maneno na nomino au pronoun.
Maneno yanayojulikana: who, whom, whose, which, that

Explanation
1. Who → refers to a person (subject)
Example:
The boy who is running is my brother. → Kijana anayekimbia ni
kaka yangu.
2. Whom → refers to a person (object)
Example:
The man whom I saw yesterday is my teacher. → Mwanaume
naye niliye muona jana ni mwalimu wangu.
3. Whose → shows possession
Example:
The girl whose bag is red is my friend. → Msichana ambaye
mfuko wake ni mwekundu ni rafiki yangu.
4. Which → refers to things or animals
Example:
The book which is on the table is mine. → Kitabu ambacho kiko
mezani ni changu.
5. That → can refer to people, animals, or things (informal)
Example:
I like the movie that you recommended. → Ninapenda filamu
ule uliyoipendekeza.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 63
3. Examples
Relative Sentence Kiswahili Translation
Pronoun
Who The teacher who Mwalimu anayefundisha
teaches English is Kiingereza ni mkarimu.
kind.
Whom The boy whom you Kijana ule uliyekutana naye ni
met is my cousin. binamu yangu.
Whose The man whose car Mwanaume ambaye gari lake
is blue is my uncle. ni buluu ni mjomba wangu.
Which I bought a pen which Nilinunua kalamu ambayo ni
is very cheap. nafuu sana.
That The dog that barked Mbwa ule aliyelilia ni mkubwa
is very big. sana.

4. Vocabulary Practice
Word/Phrase Meaning Kiswahili
Boy A male child Kijana / Mtoto wa
kiume
Bag A container for carrying Mfuko
items
Book Written pages for reading Kitabu
Teacher Person who teaches Mwalimu
Movie Film Filamu
Dog Animal Mbwa
Car Vehicle Gari

5. Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct relative pronoun
1. The girl ___ is singing is my sister.
2. I saw the man ___ you mentioned yesterday.
LIZIKI DOMINICO 64
 3. The boy ___ bag is red is my friend.
4. The pen ___ is on the table is mine.
5. I like the song ___ you are playing.

VOCABULARY: POULTRY PROJECT

1. Chicken
Meaning (English): A common bird raised for eggs or meat
Kiswahili: Kuku
Example: We have 20 chickens in our poultry farm. → Tuna kuku 20
kwenye shamba letu la kuku.

2. Hen
Meaning (English): Female chicken
Kiswahili: Kuku wa kike
Example: The hen laid five eggs today. → Kuku wa kike aliweza mayai
matano leo.

3. Rooster
Meaning (English): Male chicken
Kiswahili: Jogoo
Example: The rooster crows early in the morning. → Jogoo huinua
sauti mapema asubuhi.

4. Egg
Meaning (English): Chicken egg used for food or hatching
Kiswahili: Yai / Mayai
Example: We collected 50 eggs this morning. → Tulikusanya mayai 50
asubuhi hii.

5. Coop

LIZIKI DOMINICO 65
Meaning (English): A small house where chickens are kept
Kiswahili: Kibanda cha kuku
Example: The chickens are inside the coop. → Kuku wako ndani ya
kibanda.

6. Feed
Meaning (English): Food given to poultry
Kiswahili: Chakula / Lishe ya kuku
Example: We feed the chickens twice a day. → Tunawapa kuku
chakula mara mbili kwa siku.

7. Waterer
Meaning (English): Container for giving water to chickens
Kiswahili: Kisahani cha maji / Kiboriti cha maji
Example:
The chickens drank water from the waterer. → Kuku walinywa maji
kutoka kisahani.

8. Brooder
Meaning (English): Heated enclosure for young chicks
Kiswahili: Kibanda cha joto kwa viumbe wachanga
Example: The chicks are kept in the brooder. → kuku wachanga wako
ndani ya kibanda cha joto.

9. Poultry
Meaning (English): Birds raised for eggs or meat
Kiswahili: Ndege wa kufugwa / Kuku
Example: He is starting a poultry project. → Anaanza mradi wa kuku.

10. Vaccination

LIZIKI DOMINICO 66
Meaning (English): Injection to prevent diseases in chickens
Kiswahili: Chanjo
Example: The chicks received their first vaccination. → Viumbe
wachanga walipokea chanjo yao ya kwanza.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 67
 CHAPTER FIFTEEN: SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Introduction
The simple past tense is used to describe actions that happened in
the past.
Kiswahili: Simple past tense inatumika kuelezea shughuli ambazo
zilitokea zamani.

Structure
Affirmative Sentences (Positive)
Subject + Past Verb
Examples: I went to school yesterday. → Nilienda shule jana.
She played football last Sunday. → Alicheza mpira wa miguu Jumapili
iliyopita.

Negative Sentences
Subject + did not (didn’t) + Base Verb
Examples:
✓ I did not go to school yesterday. → Sikuendi shule jana.
✓ He did not play football last Sunday. → Hakucheza mpira wa
miguu Jumapili iliyopita.
Interrogative Sentences (Questions)
Did + Subject + Base Verb?
Examples:
✓ Did you go to school yesterday? → Je, ulienda shule jana?
✓ Did she play football last Sunday? → Je, alicheza mpira wa
miguu Jumapili iliyopita?

Signal Words (Words that show simple past)

✓ yesterday → jana
✓ last (night, week, Sunday) → (usiku, wiki, Jumapili) iliyopita
✓ ago → iliyopita

LIZIKI DOMINICO 68
 ✓ in 2000 → mwaka 2000
✓ when → wakati
Examples:
1. I watched a movie yesterday. → Nilitazama filamu jana.
2. She visited her grandmother last week. → Alimtembelea bibi
yake wiki iliyopita.

4. Regular and Irregular Verbs

Regular Verbs
Add -ed to the base verb
Example:
1. walk → walked → Nilitembea
2. play → played → Nilicheza

Irregular Verbs
Do not follow -ed rule
Example:
1. go → went → Nilienda
2. eat → ate → Nilikula

Vocabulary Practice
Base Past Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Verb Verb Sentence
walk walked Kutembea I walked to Nilitembea shule
school jana.
yesterday.
play played Kucheza She played Alicheza mpira wa
football last miguu Jumapili
Sunday. iliyopita.
go went Kwenda We went to Tulikwenda sokoni.
the market.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 69
eat ate Kula He ate rice and Alikula wali na
beans. maharagwe.
watch watched Kutazama I watched TV Nilitazama TV usiku
last night. uliopita.

Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct past verb
1. I ____ (go) to school yesterday.
2. She ____ (play) football last Sunday.
3. We ____ (eat) rice and beans.
4. He ____ (walk) to the market.
5. I ____ (watch) TV last night.

SINCE AND FOR

Introduction
Since and for are used to talk about actions that started in the past
and continue to the present.
Kiswahili: Since na for vinatumika kuelezea shughuli ambazo zilianza
zamani na zinaendelea hadi sasa.

Explanation
Since → refers to a specific point in time
Examples:
1. I have lived in Kahama since 2015. → Nimeishi Kahama tangu
2015.
2. She has studied English since Monday. → Amejifunza Kiingereza
tangu Jumatatu.

For → refers to a period of time

Examples:

LIZIKI DOMINICO 70
 1. I have lived in Kahama for 10 years. → Nimeishi Kahama kwa
miaka 10.
2. She has studied English for 3 hours. → Amejifunza Kiingereza
kwa masaa 3.

Structure
Affirmative (Positive) Subject + have/has + past participle + since/for
Example:
1. I have known him since 2010. → Nimejua yeye tangu 2010.
2. They have worked here for 5 years. → Wamefanya kazi hapa kwa
miaka 5.
Negative
Subject + have/has + not + past participle + since/for
Example:
1. I have not seen her since Monday. → Sijamuona tangu
Jumatatu.
2. He has not played football for 2 weeks. → Hakucheza mpira wa
miguu kwa wiki 2.
Question
Have/Has + subject + past participle + since/for?
Example:
1. Have you studied English since Monday? → Je, umejifunza
Kiingereza tangu Jumatatu?
2. Has she lived here for 5 years? → Je, ameshaishi hapa kwa
miaka 5?
4. Signal Words (Words that show Since and For)
Since For
1990 10 years
Monday 3 hours
5th December 2 weeks
Last year 6 months

LIZIKI DOMINICO 71
Vocabulary Practice
Word/Phrase Meaning Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Sentence
Lived To stay in a Kuishi I have lived here Nimeishi hapa
place since 2010. tangu 2010.
Studied To learn Kujifunza She has studied Amejifunza
English for 3 Kiingereza kwa
hours. masaa 3.
Worked To do a job Kufanya They have Wamefanya kazi
kazi worked here for hapa kwa miaka
5 years. 5.
Known To know Kumjua I have known Nimejua yeye
someone mtu him since tangu utotoni.
childhood.

6. Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with since or for
1. I have lived in Kahama ____ 2015.
2. She has studied English ____ 3 hours.
3. They have worked here ____ 10 years.
4. I have known him ____ childhood.
5. He has not played football ____ 2 weeks.

Exercise 2: Make questions

1. You have lived here since 2010. → ____?
2. She has studied English for 3 hours. → ____?
3. They have worked here for 5 years. → ____?

VOCABULARY: MEDIA & EVENTS

1. Opportunities
Meaning (English): Chances to do something good or important
Kiswahili: Fursa
Example:
LIZIKI DOMINICO 72
The school gave students many opportunities to participate in
competitions. → Shule iliwapa wanafunzi fursa nyingi kushiriki
mashindano.

2. Memorable
Meaning (English): Something worth remembering
Kiswahili: Kumbukumbu / Inayokumbukwa
Example:
The school trip was very memorable. → Ziara ya shule ilikuwa ya
kukumbukwa sana.

3. Entertainment
Meaning (English): Activities that give enjoyment or fun
Kiswahili: Burudani
Example:
The concert provided great entertainment. → Tamasha lilitoa
burudani kubwa.

4. Soundproof
Meaning (English): Preventing sound from passing through
Kiswahili: Isiyopitisha sauti
Example:
The radio studio is soundproof. → Studio ya redio haipitishi sauti.

5. Audience
Meaning (English): People who watch or listen to a show or
performance
Kiswahili: Watazamaji / Wasikilizaji
Example:
The audience clapped after the performance. → Watazamaji walipiga
makofi baada ya tamasha.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 73
6. Broadcast
Meaning (English): To transmit a program on radio or TV
Kiswahili: Kurusha matangazo
Example:
The news was broadcast live on TV. → Habari zilirusha moja kwa
moja kwenye TV.

7. Presenter
Meaning (English): A person who introduces programs on TV or radio
Kiswahili: Mtoaji wa programu / Mwezeshaji
Example:
The presenter welcomed the audience to the show. → Mtoaji wa
programu alimkaribisha watazamaji kwenye onyesho.

8. Panel
Meaning (English): A group of people discussing a topic or judging a
contest
Kiswahili: Bodi / Kikundi cha majaji
Example:
The panel judged the school debate competition. → Bodi ilihukumu
mashindano ya mjadala ya shule.

9. Trophy
Meaning (English): A prize given for winning a competition
Kiswahili: Kikombe
Example:
The winning team received a trophy. → Timu iliyoshinda ilipokea
kikombe.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

LIZIKI DOMINICO 74
 1. The school gave students many ____. (opportunities / trophy)
2. The school trip was very ____. (memorable / audience)
3. The radio studio is ____. (soundproof / panel)
4. The ____ clapped after the performance. (audience / presenter)
5. The news was ____ live on TV. (broadcast / entertainment)
6. The ____ welcomed the viewers to the show. (panel /
presenter)
7. The debate was judged by a ____. (panel / trophy)
8. The winning team received a ____. (trophy / opportunities)

HAS BEEN VS HAVE BEEN

Introduction
Has been and have been are used in present perfect tense to show an
action that started in the past and continues to the present.
Kiswahili:
Has been na have been vinatumika katika present perfect tense
kuonyesha kitendo ambacho kilianza zamani na kinaendelea hadi
sasa.

Explanation
Has been → used with he, she, it
Example:
1. She has been sick for two days. → Ameugua kwa siku mbili.
2. He has been at school since morning. → Yeye yupo shuleni
tangu asubuhi.

Have been → used with I, you, we, they

Example:
1. I have been busy all morning. → Nimekuwa na shughuli zote
asubuhi.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 75
 2. They have been friends since 2010. → Wamekuwa marafiki
tangu 2010.

Structure
Affirmative Sentences (Positive)
Subject + has/have + been + verb-ing (if continuous) or adjective/condition
Examples:
1. She has been studying English for 3 hours. → Amejifunza
Kiingereza kwa masaa 3.
2. I have been busy since morning. → Nimekuwa na shughuli zote
tangu asubuhi.
Negative Sentences
Subject + has/have + not + been + verb-ing/adjective
Examples:
1. He has not been feeling well. → Hajisikii vizuri.
2. We have not been late for school. → Hatujachelewa shuleni.
Questions
Has/Have + subject + been + verb-ing/adjective?
Examples:
1. Has she been studying English? → Je, amejifunza Kiingereza?
2. Have you been busy all day? → Je, umekuwa na shughuli zote
siku nzima?

Signal Words (Words that show Has/Have Been)

✓ since → tangu
✓ for → kwa muda
✓ all day → siku nzima
✓ recently → hivi karibuni
✓ lately → hivi karibuni

Examples:

LIZIKI DOMINICO 76
 1. She has been sick since Monday. → Ameugua tangu Jumatatu.
2. I have been busy for three hours. → Nimekuwa na shughuli zote
kwa masaa matatu.

Vocabulary Practice
Word/Phrase Meaning Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Sentence
Busy Occupied Shughuli I have been Nimekuwa na
with work nyingi busy all shughuli zote
morning. asubuhi.
Sick Not healthy Mgonjwa She has been Ameugua kwa
sick for two siku mbili.
days.
Studying Learning Kujifunza He has been Amejifunza
studying Kiingereza.
English.
Friends People you Marafiki They have Wamekuwa
like been friends marafiki tangu
since 2010. 2010.

6. Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with has been or have been
1. She ____ sick since Monday.
2. I ____ busy all morning.
3. They ____ friends for 5 years.
4. He ____ studying for three hours.
5. We ____ at school since morning.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 77
 CHAPTER SIXTEEN : FORMAL LETTERS
Introduction
A formal letter is a letter written for official purposes, such as to a
school, company, or government office.
It follows a specific format and uses polite language.

2. Parts of a Formal Letter

1. Sender’s Address → Address of the person writing the letter
Kiswahili: Anwani ya mtumaji
Example:
P.O. Box 472
Kahama
Tanzania
2. Date → The day the letter is written Kiswahili: Tarehe
Example: 19th December 2025

3. Receiver’s Address → Address of the person receiving the letter

Kiswahili: Anwani ya mpokeaji
Example:
The Headmaster
Bomani Primary School
Kahama
Tanzania

Salutation / Greeting → Polite way to start the letter

Kiswahili: Salamu

Example: Dear Sir / Madam,

Subject → The reason for writing the letter
Kiswahili: Sababu ya barua
Example: Application for Permission to Visit the Library

LIZIKI DOMINICO 78
Body of the Letter → The main message, usually 1–3 paragraphs
Kiswahili: Maandishi ya barua
Tips: Be clear, polite, and concise

Closing / Complimentary Close → Polite ending

Kiswahili: Hitimisho
Examples: Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely,
Signature → Your name
Kiswahili: Sahihi na jina

3. Example of a Formal Letter

P.O. Box 472
Kahama-Tanzania

19th December 2025

The Headmaster
Bomani Primary School
Kahama-Tanzania

Dear Sir,
Application for Permission to Visit the Library

I am a student of Standard Six at Bomani Primary School. I kindly

request permission to visit the school library to collect books for my
project. I assure you that I will follow all the library rules.
Yours faithfully,
Liziki Dominico

Vocabulary Practice

LIZIKI DOMINICO 79
Word/Phrase Meaning Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Sentence
Request Ask Omba kwa I request Naomba
politely heshima your ruhusa yako
permission kuhudhuria
to attend the tukio.
event.
Permission Approval Ruhusa She got Alipata
permission ruhusa ya
to enter the kuingia
library. maktaba.
Assure Promise Kuhakikishia I assure you Nihakikishie
that I will be kuwa
careful. nitakuwa
mwangalifu.
Kindly Politely Kwa Kindly Tafadhali
heshima accept my pokea ombi
application. langu kwa
heshima.
Comply Follow Kufuata I will comply Nitafuata
rules sheria with all the sheria zote
school rules. za shule.

VOCABULARY: EVERYDAY EXPRESSIONS & EMOTIONS

1. Excited
Meaning (English): Feeling very happy and enthusiastic
Kiswahili: Furaha / Msisimko
Example:
I am excited about the school trip. → Nina furaha kuhusu ziara ya
shule.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 80
2. Cheered
Meaning (English): Shouted with joy or encouragement
Kiswahili: Kupongeza / Kurusha shangwe
Example:
The students cheered when their team won. → Wanafunzi
walipongeza timu yao iliposhinda.

3. Quiet
Meaning (English): Not making much noise
Kiswahili: Kimya / Tulivu
Example:
Please be quiet during the lesson. → Tafadhali kuwa kimya wakati wa
somo.

4. Prizes
Meaning (English): Rewards given for winning a competition
Kiswahili: Zawadi / Tuzo
Example:
The best students received prizes. → Wanafunzi bora walipokea
tuzo.

5. Lazy
Meaning (English): Not willing to work or make effort
Kiswahili: Mvivu
Example:
He is lazy and does not do his homework. → Yeye ni mvivu na
hafanyi kazi zake za nyumbani.

6. Aunt- Meaning (English): Sister of your father or mother

Kiswahili: Shangazi / Taya

LIZIKI DOMINICO 81
Example: My aunt visited me yesterday. → Shangazi yangu aliniona
jana.

7. I don’t mind
Meaning (English): It is okay for me / I have no objection
Kiswahili: Sijali / Hakuna tatizo
Example:
I don’t mind helping you with your homework. → Sijali kukusaidia na
kazi zako za nyumbani.

SEQUENCE MARKERS
1. Introduction
Sequence markers are words used to show the order in which events
happen.
They help in writing and speaking clearly.
Kiswahili:
Sequence markers ni maneno yanayotumika kuonyesha mpangilio
wa matukio.
Husaidia kuandika na kuzungumza kwa uwazi.

2. Common Sequence Markers

Sequence Meaning Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Marker Sentence
First / Beginning Kwanza First, I wake Kwanza,
Firstly / Step 1 up at 6 am. ninaamka saa
12 asubuhi.
Then / Next After that Kisha I brush my Nanafua
teeth, then I meno yangu,
take a shower. kisha
ninaoga.

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After that Following Baada We went to
Tulienda
step yake school, after
shule, baada
that we had
yake tukala
lunch. chakula cha
mchana.
Finally / The last Mwisho Finally, I go to Mwisho,
Lastly step bed. ninalala.
Meanwhile At the Wakati He was Alikuwa
same time huo huo cooking, anapika,
meanwhile I wakati huo
was cleaning. huo nilikuwa
nasafisha.
Eventually In the end Hatimaye It rained Kulikuwa na
heavily, but mvua nyingi,
eventually the lakini
sun came out. hatimaye jua
liliangaza.

3. Tips for Using Sequence Markers

4. Start each sentence with a sequence marker to show order.
5. Use them in stories, instructions, and reports.
6. Mix different markers to make writing more interesting.

4. Vocabulary Practice
Word/Phrase Meaning Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Sentence
Wake up To get Kuamka I wake up at Ninaamka saa 6
out of 6 am every kila siku.
bed day.

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Brush Clean Kufua I brush my Nanafua meno
teeth meno teeth in the yangu asubuhi.
morning.
Shower Wash Kuoga I take a Ninaoga baada
body shower ya kuamka.
after waking
up.
Cook Prepare Kupika He cooks Anapika
food dinner chakula cha
every jioni kila usiku.
evening.
Clean Make Kusafisha I clean my Ninasafisha
tidy room every chumba changu
weekend. kila mwisho wa
wiki.

BUT AND AND

Introduction
And and but are conjunctions used to join words, phrases, or
sentences.
Kiswahili:
And na but ni vitenzi vya kuunganisha maneno, misemo, au sentensi.

Explanation
And → used to add information or connect similar ideas
Examples:
I like apples and bananas. → Napenda maapulo na ndizi.
She is kind and helpful. → Yeye ni mkarimu na msaidizi.
But → used to show contrast or opposite ideas
Examples:
LIZIKI DOMINICO 84
I like apples, but I don’t like bananas. → Napenda maapulo, lakini
sipendi ndizi.
He is smart but lazy. → Yeye ni mwerevu lakini mvivu.

3. Tips for Using But and And

Use and to join two positive ideas.
Use but to show a difference or contrast.
Never use but to start a formal letter; use it in informal writing or
speech.

4. Vocabulary Practice
Word/Phrase Meaning Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Sentence
Like To enjoy Kupenda I like Napenda
or prefer mangoes. embe.
Bananas A fruit Ndizi She eats Anakula ndizi
bananas kila asubuhi.
every
morning.
Kind Helpful Mkarimu He is kind to Yeye ni
and caring everyone. mkarimu kwa
kila mtu.
Lazy Not willing Mvivu He is lazy and Yeye ni mvivu
to work does not do na hafanyi
homework. kazi zake za
nyumbani.
Smart Intelligent Mwerevu She is smart Yeye ni
and studies mwerevu na
hard. anajifunza
kwa bidii.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 85
5. Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with and or but
1. I like apples ____ bananas.
2. She is smart ____ lazy.
3. He is kind ____ helpful.
4. I like rice ____ I don’t like beans.
5. They are tall ____ thin.

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 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: EXPRESSING PERSONAL FEELINGS
1. Introduction
Expressing personal feelings means talking about how you feel or
your emotions.
This helps others understand your mood, emotions, and opinions.
Kiswahili:
Kueleza hisia binafsi inamaanisha kuzungumza kuhusu ufahamu
wako wa hisia au hisia zako.
Husaidia wengine kuelewa hali yako ya hisia, mawazo, au hisia zako.

2. Common Words/Phrases to Express Feelings

Feeling/Word Meaning Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Sentence
Happy Feeling joy Furaha / I am Nina furaha
Kushangaa happy to kuona
see my marafiki
friends. zangu.
Sad Feeling Huzuni / She is Ana huzuni
unhappy Kusikitika sad kwa sababu
because alipoteza
she lost kitabu chake.
her
book.
Excited Feeling very Furaha I am Nina furaha
happy kubwa / excited kubwa kuhusu
Msisimko about ziara ya shule.
the
school
trip.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 87
Angry Feeling mad Hasira / He is Ana hasira
Kuhasirika angry kwa kaka
with his yake.
brother.
Nervous Feeling Wasiwasi / I am Ninasikia
worried or Hofu nervous wasiwasi
anxious before kabla ya
the mtihani.
exam.
Proud Feeling good Kujivunia I am Najivunia
about proud of matokeo
achievement my yangu.
results.
Tired Feeling Kuchoka / I am Nimechoka
needing rest Uchovu tired baada ya
after kucheza mpira
playing wa miguu.
football.
Surprised Feeling Kushangaa I was Nilishangazwa
shocked or / Kutishika surprised na zawadi.
amazed by the
gift.

3. Useful Expressions
1. I feel… → Nina hisia…
2. I am… → Mimi ni… (for emotions)
3. It makes me… → Inanifanya niwe…
4. I don’t like… → Sipendi…
5. I love… → Ninapenda sana…
Examples:

LIZIKI DOMINICO 88
 1. I feel happy when I listen to music. → Nina furaha ninaposikiliza
muziki.
2. I am tired after school. → Nimechoka baada ya shule.
3. The movie makes me excited. → Filamu inanifanya niwe na
furaha.

4. Vocabulary Practice
Word/Phrase Example Sentence Kiswahili
Happy I am happy to meet you. Nina furaha kukutana
nawe.
Sad She feels sad because it Ana huzuni kwa sababu
is raining. inanyesha.
Excited We are excited about Tuna furaha kubwa
the trip. kuhusu ziara.
Angry He is angry at his friend. Ana hasira kwa rafiki yake.
Nervous I feel nervous before the Ninasikia wasiwasi kabla
exam. ya mtihani.
Proud She is proud of her Anajivunia mafanikio
achievements. yake.
Tired I am tired after running. Nimechoka baada ya
kukimbia.
Surprised They were surprised by Walishangazwa na
the party. sherehe.

5. Exercises
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences
1. I feel ____ when I get good marks. (happy / angry)
2. She is ____ because she lost her pen. (sad / excited)
3. I am ____ before giving a speech. (nervous / proud)
4. He is ____ with his little brother. (angry / tired)
5. We are ____ about the school trip. (excited / sad)

LIZIKI DOMINICO 89
 6. I feel ____ after helping my mother. (proud / nervous)
7. I am ____ after playing football. (tired / happy)
8. She was ____ by the surprise gift. (surprised / lazy)

VOCABULARY: SICKNESS & HEALTH

1. Addicted
Meaning (English): Unable to stop using or doing something harmful
Kiswahili: Mtegwa / Kutegwa na kitu
Example:
He is addicted to smoking. → Ametegwa na kuvuta sigara.

2. Consult
Meaning (English): To seek advice from a doctor or expert
Kiswahili: Kushauriana / Kumwomba ushauri
Example:
You should consult a doctor if you feel unwell. → Unapaswa
kumsauri daktari ikiwa huhisi vizuri.

3. Medicine
Meaning (English): Drugs used to treat sickness
Kiswahili: Dawa
Example:
The doctor gave me some medicine for my fever. → Daktari alinipa
dawa kwa homa yangu.

4. Malaria
Meaning (English): A disease caused by mosquito bites
Kiswahili: Malaria / Pepopunda
Example:
Malaria is common in many tropical countries. → Malaria ni ya
kawaida katika nchi nyingi za kitropiki.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 90
5. Hospital
Meaning (English): A place where sick people are treated
Kiswahili: Hospitali / Hospitali
Example:
She was admitted to the hospital last night. → Aliingizwa hospitali
usiku wa jana.

6. Check-up
Meaning (English): A medical examination to ensure you are healthy
Kiswahili: Ukaguzi wa afya / Check-up
Example:
I went for a check-up at the clinic. → Nilikwenda ukaguzi wa afya
kwenye kliniki.

7. Sick / Ill
Meaning (English): Not feeling well
Kiswahili: Mgonjwa / Haendi vizuri
Example:
I am sick and cannot go to school today. → Nimeugua na siwezi
kwenda shuleni leo.

8. Fever
Meaning (English): High body temperature due to illness
Kiswahili: Homa
Example:
He has a high fever. → Ana homa kubwa.

9. Pain / Ache

LIZIKI DOMINICO 91
Meaning (English): Physical discomfort or hurt
Kiswahili: Maumivu / Uchungu
Example:
I have a headache. → Nina maumivu ya kichwa.

10. Treatment
Meaning (English): Care given to cure sickness
Kiswahili: Matibabu
Example:
The patient is receiving treatment for malaria. → Mgonjwa anapata
matibabu ya malaria.

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 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: PREFIXES
1. Introduction
A prefix is a group of letters added at the beginning of a word to
change its meaning.
Prefixes help us create new words and understand vocabulary better.
Kiswahili:
Prefix ni kikundi cha herufi kinachoongezwa mwanzoni mwa neno
kubadilisha maana yake.
Prefixes husaidia kuunda maneno mapya na kuelewa msamiati vizuri
zaidi.

2. Common Prefixes
Prefix Meaning Example Meaning of Kiswahili
Example
un- Not / Unhappy Not happy Haifurahii /
opposite Haifurahishi
dis- Not / Disagree Not agree Hakubaliani
opposite
in- Not / Incorrect Not correct Si sahihi
opposite
re- Again Rewrite Write again Andika tena
pre- Before Preview See before Angalia kabla
mis- Wrongly / misunderstand Understand Kuelewa vibaya
badly wrongly
non- Not nonviolent Not violent Si wa vurugu

3. Tips for Using Prefixes

Prefixes always come at the beginning of the word.
They change the meaning but the original word remains
recognizable.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 93
Common in school, science, and everyday vocabulary.

4. Vocabulary Practice
Word Prefix Meaning Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Sentence
Happy un- Not happy Haifurahii She is unhappy Hana
with the result. furaha na
matokeo.
Agree dis- Not agree Hakubaliani I disagree with Sikubaliani
your idea. na wazo
lako.
Correct in- Not correct Si sahihi The answer is Jibu si
incorrect. sahihi.
Write re- Write again Andika Please rewrite Tafadhali
tena your essay. andika
tena insha
yako.
View pre- See before Angalia Preview the Angalia
kabla movie before filamu
watching. kabla ya
kuangalia.
Understand mis- Understand Kuelewa I Nilielewa
wrongly vibaya misunderstood vibaya
his maelekezo
instructions. yake.
Violent non- Not violent Si wa He is a Yeye si
vurugu nonviolent mtu wa
person. vurugu.

2. Common Suffixes
Suffix Meaning Example Meaning of Kiswahili
Example
-ness State or happiness The state of Furaha / Hali ya
quality being happy furaha
LIZIKI DOMINICO 94
-ful Full of helpful Full of help Msaidizi / Msaada
-less Without careless Without care Bila makini
-er Person who teacher Person who Mwalimu
teaches
-ing Action / running The act of run
Kukimbia / Kazi ya
process kukimbia
-ly In a way quickly In a fast way Haraka / Kwa
haraka
-able Can be washable Can be washed Inayoweza
done kufutwa au
kuosha

3. Tips for Using Suffixes

Suffixes always come at the end of the word.
They change the meaning or the part of speech of the word.
Common in daily conversation, writing, and academic vocabulary.

4. Vocabulary Practice
Word Suffix Meaning Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Sentence
Happy -ness State of Furaha Her happiness Furaha yake
being is obvious. inaonekana
happy wazi.
Help -ful Full of Msaidizi He is helpful to Yeye ni msaada
help everyone. kwa kila mtu.
Care -less Without Bila makini She was Alikuwa bila
care careless with makini na kazi
her homework. yake ya
nyumbani.
Teach -er Person Mwalimu My teacher is Mwalimu wangu
who kind. ni mkarimu.
teaches

LIZIKI DOMINICO 95
Run -ing Action of Kukimbia Running is Kukimbia ni
running good for vizuri kwa afya.
health.
Quick -ly In a fast Haraka He ran quickly Alikimbia haraka
way to school. shuleni.
Wash -able Can be Inayoweza This shirt is Shati hili
washed kuosha washable. linaweza kuosha.

LIZIKI DOMINICO 96
 CHAPTER NINETEEN: PARTS OF SPEECH
1. Introduction
Parts of speech are categories of words based on their function in a
sentence.
Learning them helps to construct sentences correctly and improve
communication skills.
Kiswahili:
Parts of speech ni makundi ya maneno kulingana na kazi yao katika
sentensi.
Kujua haya husaidia kujenga sentensi sahihi na kuboresha ujuzi wa
mawasiliano.

2. The Eight Parts of Speech

Part of Meaning Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Speech Sentence
Noun Name of a Kitenzi / The Mwalimu ni
person, place, Nomino teacher is mkarimu.
thing, or idea kind.
Pronoun Word that Kibadilishio / She is Yeye ana
replaces a Kipengele cha happy. furaha.
noun nomino
Verb Action or state Kitenzi I run every Ninakimbia
morning. kila asubuhi.
Adjective Describes a Kibainishi / She is a Yeye ni
noun Vivumishi beautiful msichana
girl. mzuri.
Adverb Describes a Kiambishi hali He runs Anakimbia
verb, adjective, / Vitenzi vya quickly. haraka.
or adverb hali
Preposition Shows Kiunganishi / The book is Kitabu kiko
relationship Kiambishi cha on the juu ya meza.
between words nafasi table.

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Conjunction Joins words, Kiunganishi / I like tea Napenda chai
phrases, or Unganishi and coffee. na kahawa.
sentences
Interjection Expresses Kiitisho / Wow! Ajabu! Hiyo ni
sudden Tamko la hisia That’s ya
emotion amazing. kushangaza.

3. Tips for Using Parts of Speech

✓ Nouns and pronouns are usually the subject or object of a
sentence.
✓ Verbs show actions or states of being.
✓ Adjectives describe nouns, adverbs describe verbs or adjectives.
✓ Prepositions often show location, time, or direction.
✓ Conjunctions help connect ideas smoothly.
✓ Interjections show emotions or reactions.

4. Vocabulary Practice
Word Part of Example Sentence Kiswahili
Speech
Teacher Noun The teacher is kind. Mwalimu ni mkarimu.
She Pronoun She is happy. Yeye ana furaha.
Run Verb I run every morning. Ninakimbia kila asubuhi.
Beautiful Adjective She is a beautiful girl. Yeye ni msichana mzuri.
Quickly Adverb He runs quickly. Anakimbia haraka.
On Preposition The book is on the Kitabu kiko juu ya meza.
table.
And Conjunction I like tea and coffee. Napenda chai na kahawa.
Wow! Interjection Wow! That’s Ajabu! Hiyo ni ya
amazing. kushangaza.

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 CHAPTER TWENY: POETRY
1. Introduction
Poetry is a type of writing that expresses thoughts, feelings, or ideas
using rhythm, rhyme, and imagination.
Poems are often short, creative, and expressive.
Kiswahili:
Ushairi ni aina ya uandishi unaoonyesha mawazo, hisia, au dhana
kwa kutumia rhythm, rhyme, na ubunifu.
Mashairi mara nyingi ni mafupi, ya ubunifu, na yenye hisia.

2. Features of Poetry
Feature Meaning Kiswahili Example
Rhyme Words that sound Mashairi The cat sat on the
similar at the end yanayolingana mat.
Rhythm The beat or flow of the Mdundo I like to sing, I like to
poem dance.
Stanza A group of lines in a Beti The first stanza is
poem very short.
Line A single row of words Sehemu ya mstari Each line has a
in a poem special meaning.
Imagery Words that create Taswira The sun shines
pictures in the mind bright in the sky.

4. Vocabulary Related to Poetry

Word Meaning Kiswahili Example Kiswahili
Poem A piece of Shairi I wrote a Niliandika shairi
poetry poem about kuhusu shule
my school. yangu.
Rhyme Words that Mashairi Cat and hat Paka na kofia
sound alike yanayolingana rhyme. yanalingana.
Stanza Group of lines Beti The poem Shairi lina beti
has four nne.
stanzas.
LIZIKI DOMINICO 99
Imagery Descriptive Taswira The poem Shairi linatumia
words creating uses taswira nzuri.
pictures beautiful
imagery.
Lyric Expressing Hisia binafsi I like lyric Napenda
personal poems. mashairi ya hisia
feelings binafsi.

CONCEPTS RELATED TO POEMS

1. Verse
Meaning (English): A single line of a poem.
Kiswahili: Sehemu ya mstari wa shairi.
Example:
The first verse of the poem is short. → Sehemu ya mstari wa kwanza
wa shairi ni fupi.
Tip:
A verse is one line, not the whole paragraph.

2. Stanza
Meaning (English): A group of lines forming a section of a poem.
Kiswahili: Beti / Kikundi cha mistari ya shairi.
Example:
This poem has three stanzas. → Shairi hili lina beti tatu.
Tip:
Think of a stanza as a paragraph in a poem.

3. Rhyme
Meaning (English): Words that sound alike at the end.
Kiswahili: Maneno yanayolingana mwishoni.
Example:
Cat and hat rhyme. → Paka na kofia yanalingana.
Tip:
LIZIKI DOMINICO 100
Rhymes make poems musical and easy to remember.

4. Rhythm
Meaning (English): The beat or flow of a poem.
Kiswahili: Mdundo / Mguso wa mstari wa shairi.
Example:
The poem has a nice rhythm. → Shairi lina mdundo mzuri.
Tip:
Helps in reading poems aloud smoothly.

5. Imagery
Meaning (English): Words that create pictures in the reader’s mind.
Kiswahili: Taswira / Uchoraji wa picha kwa maneno.
Example:
The poem uses beautiful imagery to describe the river. → Shairi
linatumia taswira nzuri kuelezea mto.
Tip:
Use descriptive words to create images of sights, sounds, smells,
feelings.

6. Line
Meaning (English): A single row of words in a poem.
Kiswahili: Mstari wa shairi.
Example:
Each line tells something different. → Kila mstari unasimulia kitu
tofauti.

7. Title
Meaning (English): The name of the poem.
Kiswahili: Kichwa cha shairi.
Example:

LIZIKI DOMINICO 101

The title of the poem is “The Sun”. → Kichwa cha shairi ni “Jua”.
Tip:
The title gives an idea of what the poem is about.

8. Poet
Meaning (English): The person who writes poems.
Kiswahili: Mshairi / Aliyeandika shairi.
Example:
William Shakespeare is a famous poet. → William Shakespeare ni
mshairi maarufu.

9. Theme
Meaning (English): The main idea or message of the poem.
Kiswahili: Mada / Wazo kuu la shairi.
Example:
The theme of the poem is love and friendship. → Mada ya shairi ni
upendo na urafiki.
Tip:
Ask yourself: What is the poem mainly about?

10. Line Break

Meaning (English): Where a line of poetry ends and a new line
begins.
Kiswahili: Mwisho wa mstari / Mstari unaoishia.
Example:
The line break shows a pause in the poem. → Mwisho wa mstari
unaonyesha mapumziko kwenye shairi.

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