ENCYCLOPEDIA OF

MATH FANATICS

PRIMARY YEARS 3 Alpha

The purpose of the MATH ENCYCLOPEDIA SOLUTIONS BOOK is to equip
facilitators with strategies for effectively guiding learners in mathematics classes,
thereby fostering a love for the subject. This book provides answer keys for the
Math Encyclopedia and offers comprehensive guidelines to assist in teaching and
understanding mathematical concepts. These guidelines include:
[ Deepening understanding of mathematical concepts and principles.
Developing problem-solving strategies and techniques.
[ Promoting learners' critical thinking and analytical skills alongside solving
math problems.
[ Offering problems of various difficulty levels to differentiate instruction
based on learners' readiness and abilities.
[ Challenging advanced learners and providing additional practice for those
needing extra support.
[ Enhancing facilitators' professional skills by learning new teaching
strategies.
[ Exploring alternative methods of explanation and discovering innovative
ways to ignite a passion for learning mathematics.
[ Encouraging collaborative learning through group activities and
discussions.
[ Providing real-world applications to make math more relevant and
engaging.
[ Utilizing technology and digital resources to enhance learning experiences.
[ Incorporating assessment tools to monitor learners' progress and identify
areas needing improvement.
[ Offering tips for creating a supportive and inclusive learning environment
that caters to diverse learning styles.

mATH encyclopedia 1
 INDEX

9. Geometry 03

10. Mensuration - I 30

11. Formula and Subject to a Formula 57

12. Rounders 60

13. Interval, Duration and Race 67

Distance, Time and Speed

mATH encyclopedia 2
 9 GEOMETRY

Exercise(Pg No.130)

1. Take three non-collinear points M, A and T on a page of your

notebook. Join MA, AT and TM. What figure do you get? Name the

triangle. Also, name

a. The side opposite to ∠A b. The angle opposite to side MA

c. The vertex opposite to side AT d. The side opposite to vertex T.

Sol: When you join the three non-collinear points M, A, and T, you form a

triangle, specifically triangle MAT.

A T

Now, to answer your specific questions:

a. M

A T

The side opposite to ∠A is side MT.

b. M

A T

The angle opposite to side MA is ∠T.

mATH encyclopedia 3
c. M

A T

The vertex opposite to side AT is vertex M.

d. M

A T

The side opposite to vertex T is side MA.

2. Take three collinear points C, A and T on a page of your note book.

Join CA, AT and TC. Is the figure a triangle? If not, why?

Sol: When you take three collinear points C, A, and T and join them, the figure

you create is not a triangle. This is because a triangle is defined as a closed

figure formed by three non-collinear points.

Since collinear points lie on the same straight line, joining them would not

form a closed figure; instead, you would simply have a straight line

segment. Thus, it fails to meet the criteria for a triangle.

3. Distinguish between a triangle and its triangular region.

Sol: A triangle and its triangular region are related concepts but have distinct

definitions:

Triangle: A triangle is a geometric figure defined by three non-collinear points

(vertices) connected by three straight line segments (sides). It has specific

properties, such as angles, perimeter, and area, and is primarily a two-

dimensional shape without considering the space it occupies.

Triangular Region: The triangular region refers to the area enclosed by the

mATH encyclopedia 4
 triangle and includes all the points that lie inside it, as well as the triangle's

boundary. It is a two-dimensional space that represents the actual "filled-

in" area of the triangle.

4. M is a point on side QR of a ∆PQR is joined. Name all the triangles

that you can observe in the figure. How many are they?

Q M R

Sol: ∆PQM, ∆PMR

Two triangles are there.

5. F, A, C and E are four points, and no three points are collinear. FC

and AE intersect at P. There are eight triangles that can be

observed. Name all the triangles.

Sol: Given the four points F, A, C and E with no three points being collinear, and

the intersection of lines FC and AE at point P, the triangles formed by these

points are as follows:

So, the eight triangles you can observe are:

∆ EFA

∆ FAC

∆ ACE

∆ CEF

mATH encyclopedia 5
 ∆ EPF

∆ FPA

∆ APC

∆ CPE

These triangles consist of the original points and the intersection point P.

6. Explain the following terms:

a. Triangle b. Parts or elements of a triangle

c. Scalene triangle d. Isosceles triangle.

e. Equilateral triangle f. Acute triangle

g. Right triangle h. Obtuse triangle

i. Interior of a triangle j. Exterior of a triangle

Sol:

a. Triangle

A triangle is a polygon with three edges and three vertices. It is a two-

dimensional geometric figure formed by connecting three non-collinear

points. The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is always 180 degrees.

b. Parts or Elements of a Triangle

The main parts of a triangle include:

Vertices: The points where the sides meet. A triangle has three vertices,

typically labelled as A, B, and C.

Sides: The line segments that connect the vertices. A triangle has

three sides, usually labelled as AB, BC, and CA.

Angles: The angles formed at each vertex by the intersection of the

sides. A triangle has three angles, which are typically denoted as

∠A, ∠B and ∠C.

mATH encyclopedia 6
c. Scalene Triangle

A scalene triangle is a triangle in which all three sides have different lengths,

and consequently, all three angles are also different. No sides or angles are

congruent in a scalene triangle.

d. Isosceles Triangle

An isosceles triangle is a triangle that has at least two sides of equal length.

The angles opposite the equal sides are also equal. This type of triangle has

one pair of congruent sides and one unique side.

e. Equilateral Triangle

An equilateral triangle is a special case of an isosceles triangle where all three

sides are equal in length. Consequently, all three interior angles are also

equal, each measuring 60 degrees.

f. Acute Triangle

An acute triangle is a triangle in which all three interior angles are less than 90

mATH encyclopedia 7
 degrees. This means that each angle is an acute angle.

g. Right Triangle

A right triangle is a triangle that has one angle equal to 90 degrees. The side

opposite the right angle is known as the hypotenuse, while the other two sides

are called the legs of the triangle.

h. Obtuse Triangle

An obtuse triangle is a triangle that has one angle greater than 90 degrees.

This means that one of the angles is obtuse, while the other two angles are

acute (less than 90 degrees).

i. Interior of a Triangle

The interior of a triangle refers to the area enclosed by the three sides of the

triangle. It includes all points that lie within the triangle.

j. Exterior of a Triangle

The exterior of a triangle refers to the area outside the triangle, which is not

mATH encyclopedia 8
 enclosed by the three sides. It consists of all points that lie outside the triangle

but are in the plane containing the triangle.

These definitions cover the fundamental concepts related to triangles and their

properties!

7. In the given figure, the length (in cm) of each side has been indicated

along the side. State for each triangle angle whether it is scalene,

isosceles or equilateral:

Sol:

a. Scalene triangle

b. Isosceles triangle

c. Equilateral triangle

d. Scalene triangle

e. Isosceles triangle

mATH encyclopedia 9
8. In the given figures, there are five triangles. The measures of some of

their angles have been indicated. State for each triangle whether it is

acute, right or obtuse.

Sol:

a. Angles: If the measures given are, for example, 30°, 60°, and 90°, we

have:

90° Right Triangle.

Conclusion: Right triangle.

b. Angles: If the measures are 130°, we check:

130° > 90° Obtuse Triangle.

Conclusion: Obtuse triangle.

c. Angles: If the measures are 70°, 60°, and 50°, we check:

All angles are < 90° Acute Triangle.

Conclusion: Acute triangle

d. 100° Right Triangle.

Conclusion: Obtuse triangle

mATH encyclopedia 10
9. Use the appropriate words or symbols to complete the sentences to

make the statement true:

a. A triangle has three sides.

b. A triangle has three vertices.

c. A triangle has three angles.

d. A triangle has three parts (sides, vertices, and angles).

e. A triangle whose no two sides are equal is known as a scalene triangle.

f. A triangle whose two sides are equal is known as an isosceles triangle.

g. A triangle whose all the sides are equal is known as an equilateral triangle.

h. A triangle whose one angle is a right angle is known as a right triangle.

i. A triangle whose all the angles are of measure less than 90° is known as an

acute triangle.

j. A triangle whose one angle is more than 90° is known as an obtuse triangle.

10. Whether the statement is accurate or not in each of the states listed

below.

a. A triangle has three sides.

True (T)

b. A triangle may have four vertices.

False (F)

c. Any three line-segments make up a triangle.

False (F) (Three line segments must connect at their endpoints to form a

triangle; they must not be collinear.)

d. The interior of a triangle includes its vertices.

False (F) (The interior refers to the area inside the triangle, excluding

the vertices.)

mATH encyclopedia 11
e. The triangular region includes the vertices of the corresponding

triangle.

True (T)

f. The vertices of a triangle are three collinear points.

False (F) (The vertices of a triangle must not be collinear; otherwise, they do

not form a triangle.)

g. An equilateral triangle is isosceles also.

True (T) (An equilateral triangle has all sides equal, which satisfies the

condition for an isosceles triangle.)

h. Every right triangle is scalene.

False (F) (A right triangle can also be isosceles if it has two equal sides.)

i. Each acute triangle is equilateral.

False (F) (An acute triangle has all angles less than 90°, but not all acute

triangles are equilateral.)

j. No isosceles triangle is obtuse.

False (F) (An isosceles triangle can be obtuse if it has one angle greater than

90°.)

Exercise(Pg No.136)

1. Two angles of a triangle are of measure 102° and 43°, find the

measure of the third angle.

Sol: To find the measure of the third angle in a triangle when the measures of two

angles are given, you can use the fact that the sum of the interior angles of a

triangle is always 180°.

Given:

Angle A = 102°

mATH encyclopedia 12
 Angle B = 43°
Let's denote the third angle as Angle C.
The equation for the sum of the angles in a triangle is:
Angle A + Angle B +Angle C =180°
Substituting the known values into the equation:
102°+43°+Angle C=180
Now, add the measures of the two angles:
145°+Angle C=180°

Next, isolate Angle C:

Angle C=180°−145°
Angle C=35°
Thus, the measure of the third angle is 35°.
2. One of the angles of a triangle is 110°, and the other two angles are
equal. What is the measure of each of these equal angles?
Sol: In a triangle, the sum of the interior angles is always 180°. Given that one
angle is 110° and the other two angles are equal, we can set up the following
equation.
Let the measure of each of the equal angles be x.
The equation can be set up as follows:
110°+ x + x=180°
This simplifies to:
110°+2x=180°
Now, subtract 130° from both sides:
2x=180°−110°
2x=70°
00
70
Next, divide both sides by 2 to find x: x= = 35°
2
Thus, each of the equal angles measures 35°.

mATH encyclopedia 13
3. The three angles of a triangle are in the ratio 5:6:7, determine the

three angles.

Sol: To determine the three angles of a triangle given that they are in the ratio

5:6:7, we can follow these steps:

Let the angles be represented as:

Angle A = 5x

Angle B = 6x

Angle C = 7x

Set up the equation based on the sum of the angles in a triangle:

5x+6x+7x=180°

Combine like terms:

18x=180°

Solve for x:
180o
x= =10°
18
Calculate each angle:

Angle A = 5x=5 × 10°= 50°

Angle B = 6x=6 × 10°=60°

Angle C = 7x=7×10°=70°

The three angles of the triangle are: 50°,60°, and 70°

4. The three angles of a triangle are equal to one another. What is the

measure of each of the angles?

Sol: If the three angles of a triangle are equal to one another, then the triangle is an

equilateral triangle. In an equilateral triangle, each angle is the same, and the

sum of the interior angles of a triangle is always 180°.

Since all three angles are equal, we can denote each angle as x.

Therefore, we have:

mATH encyclopedia 14
 x + x + x = 180°
This simplifies to:
3x=180
Now, divide both sides by 3 to find the measure of each angle:
x + x + x = 180°
This simplifies to:
3x=180
Now, divide both sides by 3 to find the measure of each angle:
1800
x= = 60°
3
Conclusion:
The measure of each angle in the triangle is 60°.
o o 1 o
5. The angles of a triangle are (p - 40) , (p-20) and ( p - 10) . Find
2
the value of p.
Sol: To find the value of p given the angles of a triangle as (p−40)o, (p−20)o,
1
and ( p−10)o, we can use the fact that the sum of the interior angles of a
2
triangle is always 180°
Setting up the equation:
1
(p−40) + (p−20) + ( p−10) = 180°
2
Now, combine like terms:
1
p− 40 + p – 20 + p −10 = 180°
2
This simplifies to:
1
2p−70 + p =180°
2
Nept, add 70 to both sides:
1
2p + p =180°+70°
2
4p+p
=250o
2
5p
=250o
2
2
p=250o × =50o ×2=100o
5
Value of p = 100°

mATH encyclopedia 15
6. Two angles of a triangle arranged in ascending order of magnitude.
o
If the difference between two consecutive angles is 20 , find the
three angles.
Sol: Let's denote the three angles of the triangle as A, B, and C in ascending
order of magnitude, where:
• A is the smallest angle,
• B is the next angle,
• C is the largest angle.
Given that the difference between two consecutive angles is 10 degrees,
we can express the angles in terms of A:
A=A
B=A+20o
o o
C=B+20 =A+40
Since the sum of the angles in a triangle is always 180 degrees, we can set
up the equation:
A+B+C=180°
Substituting the expressions for B and C:
A + (A+20°) + (A+40°) = 180°
Now, combine like terms:
A+A+20°+A+40°=180°
This simplifies to:
3A+60°=180°
Next, subtract 30 from both sides:
3A=180°−60°
3A=120°
Now, divide by 3 to find A:
120o
A= = 40°
3
Now we can find B and C:
B=A+20°=40°+20°=60°
C=A+40° =40°+40°=80°
Conclusion:
mATH encyclopedia 16
 The three angles of the triangle are:

A=40°

B=60°

C=80°

So, the angles in ascending order are 40°, 60°, and 80°.

7. Two angles of a triangle are equal and the third angle is greater than

each of those angles by 30°. Determine all the angles of the triangle.

Sol: Let the measures of the two equal angles of the triangle be denoted by x.

According to the given condition, the third angle exceeds each of the equal

angles by 40°. Therefore, the angles of the triangle can be expressed as:

Angle 1: x

Angle 2: x

Angle 3: x+30°

Since the sum of the angles in a triangle is always 180°, we can set up the

equation:

x + x + (x+30°) = 180°

Now, combine like terms:

3x+30°=180°

Next, subtract 40 from both sides:

3x=180°−30°

3x = 150°

x=50°

Angle 1= 50°, Angle 2=50° and Angle 3 = x + 30° = 80°

Hence, the three angles of the triangle are, 50°, 50°, and 80°.

mATH encyclopedia 17
 Angle 2: x=50°

Angle 3: x+30=50°+30°=80°

Conclusion:

The three angles of the triangle are:

50°

50°

80°

Thus, the angles of the triangle are 50°, 50°, and 80°.

8. If one angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the other two, show

that the triangle is a right-angled triangle.

Sol: To prove that a triangle is a right-angled triangle when one angle is equal to the

sum of the other two angles, we can follow these steps:

Given:

Let the angles of the triangle be:

Angle A

Angle B

Angle C

According to the problem, we have:

A=B+C

Step 1: Use the Sum of Angles in a Triangle

The sum of the angles in a triangle is always 180°:

A+B+C=180°

Step 2: Substitute A from the Given Condition

We can substitute A from our initial equation into the sum of angles equation:

(B+C)+B+C=180°

Step 3: Combine Like Terms

mATH encyclopedia 18
 This simplifies to:

2B+2C=180°

Step 4: Simplify the Equation

Dividing both sides by 2 gives us:

B+C=90°

Step 5: Substitute Back to Find A

Now, substitute B+C back into the equation for A:

A=B+C=90°

Conclusion:

Since we have established that:

A=90°

This means that one angle of the triangle is 90°, which confirms that the

triangle is a right-angled triangle.

9. If each angle of a triangle is less than the sum of the other two.

Show that the triangle is acute angled.

Sol: In a triangle, the sum of all three angles is always 180 degrees.

Now, we are told that:

Each angle is less than the sum of the other two angles.

Let’s take angle A.

We are told:

A<B+C

But we already know: A + B + C = 180

So, B + C = 180 - A

So, if A < B + C, that means A is less than 180 - A

That tells us A is less than 90 degrees!

Just like that, B and C are also less than 90 degrees.

mATH encyclopedia 19
10. In each of the following, the measures of three angles are given. State

in which cases, the angles can possibly be those of a triangle.

a. 64°, 36°, 80°

b. 46°, 68°, 66°

c. 56°, 75°, 61°

d. 45°, 45°, 90°

e. 35°, 25°, 120°

Sol: To determine whether the given angles can form a triangle, we need to check if

the sum of the angles is equal to 180°. Here's the analysis for each set of

angles:

a. 64°, 36°, 80°

Sol: 64°+ 36°+ 80°=180°

Conclusion: Yes, these angles can form a triangle.

b. 46°, 68°, 66°

Sol: 46°+ 68°+ 66° =180°

Conclusion: Yes, these angles can form a triangle.

c. 56°, 75°, 61°

Sol: 56°+75°+61°=192°

Conclusion: No, these angles cannot form a triangle.

d. 45°, 45°, 90°

Sol: 45°+45°+90°=180°

Conclusion: Yes, these angles can form a triangle (specifically, a right

triangle).

e. 35°, 25°, 120°

Sol: 35°+25°+120°=180°

Conclusion: Yes, these angles can form a triangle.

mATH encyclopedia 20
11. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 9:10:11. Find the smallest

angle.

Sol: To find the angles of a triangle given that they are in the ratio 9:10:11, we

can follow these steps:

Step 1: Define the Angles

Let the angles of the triangle be represented as:

Angle A = 9x

Angle B = 10x

Angle C = 11x

Step 2: Use the Sum of Angles in a Triangle

The sum of the angles in a triangle is always 180°:

9x+10x+11x=180°

Step 3: Combine Like Terms

Combine the terms:

30x=180°

Step 4: Solve for x

Divide both sides by 30:

180o
x= =6°
30
Step 5: Calculate Each Angle

Now we can find the measures of each angle:

Angle A = 9x=9×6°=54°

Angle B = 10x=10×6°=60°

Angle C = 11x=11×6°=66°

Conclusion

The smallest angle is:54°

So, the angles of the triangle are 54°, 60°, and 66°.

mATH encyclopedia 21
12. Two acute angles of a right angled triangle are equal. Find the two

angles.
Sol: In a right-angled triangle, one angle is 90°.
Let the two acute angles be equal and denoted as x.
Step 1: Use the Sum of Angles The sum of the angles in a triangle is

always 180°.
Therefore, we have:
x+x+90°=180°
2x+90° = 180°
2x = 180° - 90°
x = 45°
Thus, the two acute angles are both 45°.
13. One angle of a triangle is greater than the sum of the other two.
What can you say about the measure of this angle? What type of
triangle is this?
Sol: If one angle of a triangle is greater than the sum of the other two angles,
we can make the following observations:
1. Measure of the Angle
In any triangle, the sum of all three angles is always 180°. If one angle
(let's call it A) is greater than the sum of the other two angles (let's call
them B and C), we can express this as:
A > B+C
Since the sum of the angles in a triangle is A+B+C=180 , we can rewrite
the inequality as follows:
A>180°−A
Adding A to both sides gives:
2A>180°
Dividing by 2 yields:
A>90°

mATH encyclopedia 22
2. Type of Triangle

If one angle is greater than 90°, the triangle is classified as an

obtuse triangle.

Conclusion

In summary, if one angle of a triangle is greater than the sum of the other
0
two angles, that angle is greater than 90 , and the triangle is an obtuse

triangle.

14. If one angle of a triangle is 70o and the other two angles are in the

ratio of 3:7, find the angles.

Sol: To find the angles of the triangle, let's denote the two unknown angles as

3x and 7x, based on the given ratio of 3:7.

Given:

One angle A=70°

The other two angles B=3x and C=7x

Step 1: Use the Sum of Angles in a Triangle

The sum of the angles in a triangle is always 180°:

A+B+C=180°

Substituting the values we have:

70° + 3x + 7x=180°

Step 2: Combine Like Terms

This simplifies to:

70°+3x=180°

Step 3: Isolate x

Subtract 60° from both sides:

10x=180°−70°

10x=110°

Now, divide by 3:

mATH encyclopedia 23
 1100
x= =11
10
Step 4: Find the Other Angle

Now we can find the two angles:

• B=3x=3 × 11= 33o

• C=7x=7× 11=77o

Conclusion

So, the angles of the triangle are 70°, 33°, and 77°.
o
15. If one angle of a triangle is 90 and the other two angles are in the

ratio 4:5, find the angles.

Sol: To find the angles of the triangle, let's denote the two unknown angles as

4x and 5x based on the given ratio of 4:5.

Given:

One angle A=90o

The other two angles B=4x and C= 5x

Step 1: Use the Sum of Angles in a Triangle

The sum of the angles in a triangle is always 180o:

o
A+B+C=180

Substituting the values we have:

o o
90 +4x+5x=180

Step 2: Combine Like Terms

This simplifies to:

90o+9x=180o

Step 3: Isolate x
o
Subtract 90 from both sides:

9x=180o−90o
o
9x=90

Now, divide by 9:
90o
x= =10
9

mATH encyclopedia 24
 Step 4: Find the Other Angles

Now we can find the measures of the two unknown angles:

o o
B=4x=4×10 =40

C=5x=5×10o =50o

So, the angles of the triangle are 90°, 40°, and 50°.

Exercise(Pg No.146)

1. What are the different types of triangle congruence?

Sol: Triangle congruence refers to the conditions under which two triangles are

considered to be congruent, meaning they have the same size and shape.

There are several methods to establish the congruence of triangles,

commonly referred to as criteria for triangle congruence. Here are the

different types:

Side-Side-Side (SSS) Congruence

If three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides of another triangle,

then the two triangles are congruent.

If two angles and the side between them of one triangle are equal to two

angles and the side between them of another triangle, then the two

triangles are congruent.

Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) Congruence

If two angles and a side not between them of one triangle are equal to two

angles and a side not between them of another triangle, then the two triangles

are congruent.

mATH encyclopedia 25
 Hypotenuse-Leg (HL) Congruence

This is a special case applicable only to right triangles. If the hypotenuse and

one leg of a right triangle are equal to the hypotenuse and one leg of another

right triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

Summary

SSS (Side-Side-Side)

SAS (Side-Angle-Side)

ASA (Angle-Side-Angle)

AAS (Angle-Angle-Side)

HL (Hypotenuse-Leg for right triangles)

2. True or false: (AAA) can be used to prove triangle congruence.

Sol: False.

The Angle-Angle-Angle (AAA) condition cannot be used to prove triangle

congruence. While AAA indicates that two triangles have the same shape (i.e.,

they are similar), it does not guarantee that they are the same size.

In other words, if two triangles have all three corresponding angles equal, they

are similar triangles, but they may be of different sizes. Therefore, AAA alone

does not establish congruence.

For triangle congruence, one of the following criteria must be satisfied:

SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, or HL (for right triangles).

3. Two angles of an isosceles triangle are 51°. Find the measure of the

third angle.

Sol: In an isosceles triangle, two angles are equal. Given that two angles are
O
each 47 , we can denote the angles of the triangle as follows:

Angle A = 51O (one of the equal angles)

Angle B = 51O (the other equal angle)

Angle C = x (the third angle)

mATH encyclopedia 26
 Step 1: Use the Sum of Angles in a Tringle

The sum of the angles in a triangle is always 180O:

A+B+C=180O

Substituting the known values:

o o
51 +51 +x=180°

Step 2: Combine Like Terms

This simplifies to:

102o+x=180°

Step 3: Isolate x

Subtract 102° from both sides:

o o
x=180 −102
o
x=78

Conclusion

The measure of the third angle is 78°.

So, the angles of the isosceles triangle are 51°, 51°, and 78°.

4. △PQR and △XYZ are two triangles in which PQ = XY and ∠PRQ =

70°, ∠PQR = 60°, ∠XYZ = 50°, and ∠YXZ = 60°.

Prove that the two triangles are congruent.

Sol: To prove that triangles PQR and XYZ are congruent, we will use the Angle-

Side-Angle (ASA) congruence criterion. The information provided is as

follows:
PQ=XY

∠PRQ=70°

∠PQR=60°

∠XYZ=50°

∠YXZ=60°

mATH encyclopedia 27
Step 1: Determine the Angles of Triangle XYZ
Since we know the angles of triangle XYZ:

∠XYZ=50°

∠YXZ=60°

We can find the third angle XZY using the sum of angles in a triangle,

which is always 180°:

∠XZY=180°−∠XYZ−∠YXZ

Substituting the known values:

∠XZY=180°−50°−60o

∠XZY=180°−110°=70°

Step 2: Compare Angles and Sides

Now, we summarize the angles and sides we have:
In triangle PQR:

∠PRQ=70°

∠PQR=60° (as given)

∠QPR=180°−70°−60°=50°

In triangle XYZ:

∠XYZ=50°

∠YXZ=60°

∠XZY=70°

Step 3: Establish Corresponding Angles

Now we have the following angles:

∠PQR=∠YXZ=60°

∠PRQ=∠XYZ=70°

∠QPR=∠XZY=50°

mATH encyclopedia 28
 Step 4: Conclusion Using ASA Criterion

Since we have:

One side PQ=XY

Two pairs of corresponding angles are equal:

∠PQR=∠YXZ

∠PRQ=∠XYZ

We can conclude that:

By the ASA criterion (Angle-Side-Angle), the triangles PQR and XYZ are

congruent.

Thus, we have proven that triangles PQR and XYZ are congruent.

5. In the given figures, prove that two triangles are congruent.

Sol: ∆ABC ∆XYZ

AB = XZ

A = X

B = Z

∆ABC ≅ ∆XYZ

mATH encyclopedia 29
 10 MENSURATION - I
Exercise(Pg No.159)

1. Find the area, in square metres, of a rectangle whose

Sol: To find the area of a rectangle, you can use the formula:

Area = Length × Breadth

a. Length = 7.5 m, Breadth = 3.6 m

Using the formula:

Area=7.5 m×3.6 m

Area = 27.m2

b. Length = 320 cm, Breadth = 170 cm

First, convert the dimensions from centimetres to metres:

Length = 320 cm = 3.2 m

Breadth = 170 cm = 1.7 m

Now, use the formula:

Area = 3.2 m × 1.7 m

2
Area = 5.44 m

2. Find the area, in square centimetres, of a square whose side is

Sol: To find the area of a square, you can use the formula:

Area=side2

a. Side = 3.8 cm

Using the formula:

2
Area=(3.8 cm)

Area=14.44 cm2

mATH encyclopedia 30
b. Side = 2.7 dm

First, convert the dimension from decimeters to centimeters:

1dm=10cm

So, 2.7 dm = 2.7×10 = 27 cm

Now, use the formula:

2
Area = (27 cm)

Area = 729 cm2

3. Find the area of a square of a side 16.5 dam in square metres.

Sol: To find the area of a square, you can use the formula:
2
Area = (side)

Given, Side = 16.5 dam

Step 1: Convert Decametres to Metres

Since 1 dam = 10 m

Side in metres = 16.5dam×10=165m

Step 2: Calculate the Area

2
Area = (165 m)

Area = 27225 m2

The area of the square is 27,225 m²

4. Find the area of a rectangular field in hectares whose sides are:

Sol: To find the area of a rectangular field, you can use the formula:

Area = length × width

We also need to convert the area from square metres to hectares. The

conversion factor is:

1 hectare = 10,000 square metres

a. For sides 128 m and 400 m:

Calculate the area in square metres:

mATH encyclopedia 31
 2
Area=128m×400m=51,200m

Convert to hectares:
51200 m2
Area in hectares = = 5.12 hectares
10000
b. For sides 65 m 5 dm and 130 m:

First, convert 65 m 5 dm to metres. Since 1 dm = 0.1 m:

65 m + 5 dm = 65 m + 0.5 m = 65.5 m

The area in square metres is:

Area = 65.5 m × 130 m = 8515 m 2

Convert to hectares:
8515 m2
Area in hectares = =0.8515hectares
10000
5. A door of dimensions 3m x 2 m is on the wall of dimension 12 m x 15 m.
Find the cost of painting the wall if the rate of painting is ₹5.75 per sq.
m.
Sol: Find the cost of painting the wall after accounting for the door, follow these
steps:
The area of the wall is:
Area of the wall = length × height = 12 m × 15 m = 180 m2
Calculate the area of the door:
2
Area of the door = length × height = 3 m × 2 m = 6 m
The area to be painted:
Area to be painted = Area of the wall - Area of the door
= 180 m2 − 6 m2
= 174 m2
The cost of painting is:
Cost of painting = Area to be painted × Rate per sq. m
2
= 174 m × ₹5.75
= ₹1000.50
The cost of painting the wall is ₹1000.50

mATH encyclopedia 32
6. A wire is in the shape of a rectangle. Its length is 48 cm and breadth is
25 cm. If the same wire is bent in the shape of a square, what will be
the measure of each side. Also, find which side encloses more area?
Sol: The perimeter of the rectangle:
perimeter = 2 × (length + breadth)
Substituting the given dimensions:
P = 2 × (48 cm + 25cm) = 2 × 73 cm = 146 cm
Determine the side length of the square:
Perimeter of square = 4 × side length
4×side length=146 cm
146 cm
side length = = 36.5 cm
4
Calculate the area of the rectangle:

A = length × breadth

Where length = 48 cm and breadth = 25 cm

A = 48 cm × 25 cm = 1200 cm2

Tthe area of the square:

The area A of a square is given by:

2
A=side length

Where side length= 36.5 cm

2 2
A = (36.5 cm) = 1332.25 cm

Compare the areas:

Area of the rectangle = 1200 cm²

Area of the square = 1332.25 cm²

Conclusion:

Finally, the square encloses more area (1332.25 cm²) than the rectangle

(1200 cm²)

mATH encyclopedia 33
7. How many square metres of glass will be required for a window, which

has 8 panes, each pane measuring 24 cm by 15сm?

Sol: To find out how many square metres of glass are required for the window with

8 panes, we will first calculate the area of one pane and then the total area for

all the panes.

Given,

Length = 24 cm

Width = 15 cm

The area A of one pane is calculated as:

2
A = length × width = 24 cm × 15 cm = 360 cm

The total area for 8 panes is:

2 2
Total area = 8 × 360 cm = 2880 cm

The total area to square metres

Covert to square metres

1 m2 = 10,000 cm2
2 2880 2
Total area in m = = 0.288m
10000
The total area of glass required for the window is 0.288m².

8. A marble tile measures 12 cm x 15 cm. How many tiles will be required

to cover a wall of size 3.96 m x 6 m? Also, find the total cost of the tiles

at the rate of ₹ 6.50 per tile.

Sol: The area of the wall

The dimensions of the wall are given as:

Length = 3.96 m = 396 cm (since 1 m = 100 cm)

Height = 6 m = 600 cm

The area A of the wall is:

A = length × height = 396 cm × 600cm =2,37,600 cm²

The area of one marble tile

mATH encyclopedia 34
 Length = 12 cm

Width = 15 cm

Area = length × width = 12 cm × 15 cm = 180 cm2

Number of tiles required is

Area of wall 2,37,600cm2
Number of tiles= = =1,320
Area of one tile 180cm2
Total cost of tiles:

Cost = Number of tiles × Cost per tile = 1,320 × ₹6.50 = ₹8,580

Total cost of the tiles: ₹8580

The number of tiles required is 1320.

9. A table top is 8dm 7cm long, 7dm 6cm broad. What will be the cost to

cover the top with wood it at the rate of 95 paise per square

centimetre?

Sol: To calculate the cost of polishing the table top, we first need to find its area in

square centimeters and then use the given rate to find the total cost.

Convert dimensions to centimeters

Length: 8dm 7cm = 80cm and 7cm = 80+7=87cm `

Breadth: 7dm 6cm =70cm and 6cm = 70+ 6=76cm.

The area of the table top

The area A is calculated as: A= length × breadth =87cm×76cm

2
Calculating the area: A=87 × 76 =6,612cm

95 paise
Rate= = ₹0.95 per cm²
100
The total cost C is:
2
C = Area × Rate = 6,612cm ×0.95rupees = ₹6,281.40

The total cost to cover the table top with wood is ₹6,281.40.

mATH encyclopedia 35
10. A room is 8.72 m long and 5.95 m wide. Its floor is to be covered with

rectangular tiles of size 22 cm by 10 cm. Find the total cost of the tiles

at the rate of ₹ 3.25 per tile.

Sol: To find the total cost of tiles needed to cover the floor of the room, follow these

steps:

Calculate the area of the room

The dimensions of the room are:

Length = 8.72 m = 872 cm

Width = 5.95 m =595 cm

The area of the room:
2
Area of the room= Length × Width= 872cm×595cm=5,18,840cm
The area of one tile
Length = 22 cm
Width = 10 cm
Now, calculate the area of one tile:
Area of one tile= Length × Width = 22cm×10cm=220cm2
The number of tiles required
Now, divide the area of the room by the area of one tile to find the total number

Area of the room 5,18,84 0cm2

of tiles needed: Number of tiles= = = 2358
Area of one tile 2 20cm2

Since we cannot have a fraction of a tile, we round up to the nearest whole

number, so we need 2358 tiles.
The cost per tile is ₹3.25, so the total cost is:
Total cost =Number of tiles × Cost per tile = 2358 × ₹3.25 = ₹ 7663.50
The total cost of the tiles needed to cover the floor is ₹7663.50.

mATH encyclopedia 36
11. One side of a square plot is 225 m. Find the cost of raising a lawn on

the plot at the rate of ₹2.75 per square metre.

Sol: To find the cost of raising a lawn on a square field,

Calculate the area of the square field

The formula for the area A of a square is:

2
A=side

Given that the side of the square plot is 225m

2
A = 225m×225m=50,625m

The cost of raising a lawn

The rate for raising a lawn is ₹2.75 per square metre. Thus, the total cost is:

Total cost = Area × Rate = 50,625m2 × ₹2.75m2

Total cost = 50,625 × ₹2.75=₹1,39,218.75

The cost of raising a lawn on the plot is ₹1,39,218.75

12. A rectangular field is measured 310 m by 230 m. How long will it take

for a boy to go two times around the field, if he walks at the rate of 1.5

m/sec?

Sol: To determine how long it will take for a girl to walk two times around a

rectangular field, we need to follow these steps:

The perimeter of the rectangular field

Perimeter = 2× (length + width)

Given, length = 310 m, width = 230 m

P = 2 × (310 m + 230 m) = 2 × 540 m = 1080 m

The distance for two rounds

Total distance = 2 × P = 2 × 1080 m = 2160 m

The time taken to walk the distance

The time t taken to walk a distance can be calculated using the formula:

mATH encyclopedia 37
 distance
time =
speed

Given that the walking speed is 1.5m/sec , we can now calculate the time:
2160m 2160
time = = =1440seconds
1.5m / sec 1.5

Convert time to minutes

To convert seconds into minutes, we can divide by 60:

1440
t= =24 minutes
60
Conclusion

It will take approximately 1440seconds (or 24 minutes) to walk around the

field twice.

13. A corridor of a school is 12 m long and 8 m wide. It is to be covered

with tarpaulin sheets. If the available tarpaulin sheets have the size 2

m x 2 m, find the cost of tarpaulin sheets required to cover the corridor

at the rate of ₹12 per sheet.

Sol: To calculate the cost of tarpaulin sheets needed to cover the corridor, we first

calculate the area of the corridor, then determine the number of tarpaulin

sheets required, and finally compute the total cost using the given rate.

Area of the corridor

Given, Length = 12 m and Width = 8 m.

2
A= length × width = 12m × 8m = 96m

The area of one tarpaulin sheet

Given, length = 2 m and width = 2 m.

The area (A) of one tarpaulin sheet is:

A = length × width = 2m× 2m = 4m2

The number of tarpaulin sheets required

mATH encyclopedia 38
 Divide the area of the corridor by the area of one tarpaulin sheet:
Area of the corridor 96m2
Number of sheets= = = 24 sheets
Area of o ne she et 4 m2
The total cost of the tarpaulin sheets

Cost=Number of sheets × Cost per sheet = 24× ₹12=₹288

The total cost of the tarpaulin sheets required to cover the corridor is ₹288.

14. The length and breadth of a playground are 180 feet and 120 feet,

respectively. Find the cost of turfing it at ₹1.75 per square feet. How

long will a man take to go three times round the field, if he walks at the

rate of 2 feet per second?

Sol: To solve, this first, we will first calculate the area of the playground, then find

the cost of turfing it, and finally calculate the time it takes for a man to walk

three times around the field.

Length:180 feet

Breadth: 120 feet

Calculate the area of the playground

Area = Length × Breadth =180 feet × 120 feet

A =180 × 120 = 21,600 Square feet

Calculate the total cost of turfing, given that the rate is ₹1.75 per square

foot.

Cost = Area × Cost per square metre = 21600 m² × ₹1.75 =₹37,800

Calculate the perimeter of the playground

The perimeter P is give by:

P = 2 × (Length + Breadth) = 2 × (180 m + 120 m)

P = 2 × 300 = 600 feet

mATH encyclopedia 39
 Calculate the time to walk three times around the playground

Calculate the total distance for three rounds:

Total Distance=3×Perimeter=3×600ft=1,800ft
Total distan ce 1800 ft
time= = = 900 seconds =15minutes
Spee d 2 ft / s

Cost of turfing the playground: ₹37800

Time taken to walk three times around the playground: 900 sec or 15 min

15. A lane 200 m long and 5 m wide is to be paved with bricks of length 20

cm and breadth 16 cm. Find the cost of bricks that are required, at the

rate of ₹ 914 per thousand.

Sol: To find the cost of bricks needed to pave the lane, we will first calculate the

area of the lane, then determine the number of bricks are needed, calculate

the total cost using given rate.

Calculate the area of the lane

The dimensions of the lane are:

Length = 200 m

Width = 5 m

A = Length × Width = 200m × 5m = 1000m2

Convert the area to square centimeters

To match the brick dimensions, convert the area from square metres to
2 2
square centimetres:1m =10,000cm

Area of the lane =1000m2=1,000×10,000 cm2 =1,00,00,000cm2

Calculate the area of one brick

The dimensions of a brick are:

Length = 20 cm

Width = 16 cm

mATH encyclopedia 40
 Ab = Length × Width = 20 cm × 16 cm = 320 cm2

Calculate the number of bricks required

The number of bricks needed is calculated by dividing the area of the lane

by the area of a single brick:

Area of the lane 10000000cm2

Number of bricks= Area of one brick = =31,250 bricks
320 cm2

The cost of bricks

31250
Thousands of bricks= =31.25
1000
The total cost: Thousands of bricks × Cost per

thousand = 31.25 × ₹914 = ₹28,562.50

The total cost of the bricks required to pave the lane is ₹28,562.50

16. How many wedding cards can be made out of a sheet of paper 74

inches by 65 inches, supposing one wedding card requires a piece

of paper of size 9.25 inches by 4 inches?

Sol: To determine how many wedding cards can be made from a sheet of paper

measuring 74 inches by 65 inches, if each card needs a piece 9.25 inches

by 4 inches.

Calculate the area of the sheet of paper

As = length × width = 74 inches × 65 inches = 4810 sq. inches

Area of one wedding card is:

= length × width = 9.25 inches × 4 inches= 37 sq. inches

The number of wedding cards that can be made

Area of sheet 4810 sq.inches
N= = =130 cards
Area of one card 37 sq.inches
You can make 130 wedding cards from a sheet of paper measuring 74 inches

by 65 inches.

mATH encyclopedia 41
17. A fabric measures 180cm in width. Determine the quantity of fabric

needed to make 30 diapers, if each piece of fabric measuring 52 cm

by 18сm is needed for each diaper.

Sol: Length of cloth required to make 30 diapers

Area of cloth required for one diaper

Each diaper requires a piece of cloth measuring 52 cm by 18 cm.

2
Area diaper = length × width = 52cm×18cm = 936cm

The total area of cloth required for 30 diapers

2 2
Total Area=30 ×Area diaper = 30 × 936 cm =28,080cm

The length of cloth required

Total Area
Length=
Width

28,080 cm2
Length= ≈156cm
180 cm
The length of cloth required to make 30 diapers is approximately 156 cm.

18. The carpet for a room 7.2 m by 5.8 m costs ₹5568, and it was made

from a roll 60 cm wide. Find the cost of the carpet per metre.

Sol: The carper of a room = 7.2 m × 5.8 m

Total cost of carpet = ₹5568

Carpet width = 60 cm = 0.6 m

Area = Length × Width = 7.2m × 5.8m = 41.76m2

The width of the roll is given as 60 cm. To convert this to metres:

Width = 0.6 m

Length of carper needed is :

Area = Width of roll × Length of carpet

Let L be the length of the carpet used. Thus,

mATH encyclopedia 42
 41.76m2=0.6m × L

To find L:
41.76m2
L= =69.6m
0.6m
The cost of carpet per metre

The total cost of the carpet is ₹5568. Now, to find the cost per metre:
Total cost 5568
Cost per metre = =
Length of carpet 69.6
Cost per metre= ₹80

The cost of the carpet per metre is ₹80.

19. A hall is 10m long, 9m broad, and 6.5 m high. It has one door of

dimensions 2 m x 1.5 m and three windows, each of dimensions 1.5m

x 1 m. Find the cost of whitewashing the walls at ₹ 4.50 per square

metre.

Sol: The total area of area of the walls

Total area of four walls = 2h (l + b)

= 2 × 6.5(10 + 9)

= 13 × 19
2
= 247 m

Calculate the area of the door and windows

2
Dimensions = 2m×1.5m=3m

Area of the three windows:

Dimensions of one window = 1.5m×1m=1.5m2

Area of three windows = 3×1.5m2=4.5m2

Total area of the door and windows:

Total area (door + windows) =3m2+4.5m2=7.5m2

Calculate the area to be whitewashed

mATH encyclopedia 43
 Area to be whitewashed=Total wall area−Total area (door + windows) Area

to be whitewashed=247m2−7.5m2=239.5m2

The cost of whitewashing is given as ₹ 4.50 per square metre.

Cost = Area to be whitewashed × Cost per square metre Cost

= 239.5m2 × ₹4.50 = ₹1077.75

The cost of whitewashing the walls of the room is ₹ 1077.75.

20. A godown 38 m long and 24.5 m broad allowing 90 m² for doors and

windows, the cost of papering the walls at ₹8.60 per m² is 9976. Find

the height of the hall.

Sol: Area of walls to be papered = Total cost/ Rate

= 9976/8.60

= 1160m²

Total area of four walls = 2× (length +breadth)× height - Area of door

1160 = 2 × (38 + 24.5) × h - 90

1160 = 2 × (62.5) × h - 90

1160 + 90 = 125 × h

1250 = 125h

h = 1250/125

h = 10 m

The height of the hall is 10 m

mATH encyclopedia 44
 Exercise(Pg No.164)

1. A square grassy lawn measuring 45m is to be surrounded externally

by a path which is 2.5 m wide. Calculate the cost of leveling the path at
the rate of ₹9.50 per square metre.
Sol: Let ABCD be the square grassy lawn, and let PQRS be the square external
boundaries of the path.
We have,
50m
S R
Length AB = BC = CD = DA = 45 m D C

Area of lawn ABCD = (45)² m² = 2025 m²

2.5m

Length of PQ = (45m+2.5m+ 2.5 m) = 50 m

45m
Breadth of PQ = QR = RS = SP = 50 m A B

Therefore Area PQRS = 50m x 50 m = 2500 m² P Q

Now, Area of the path = Area PQRS - Area of the lawn

= (2500 - 2025) m² =475 m²
Therefore cost of levelling the path = (475 × ₹9.50) = ₹4512.50
2. One-metre-wide path is built inside a rectangular park of sides
45m×42m. The remaining part of the park is covered by grass. If
the total cost of covering by grass is ₹3010, find the rate per square
metre at which the park is covered by grass.
Sol: Park dimensions: 45 m × 42 m
Width of path inside park = 1 m
Total cost of grass = ₹3010
Find: Rate per m²
Area of the park= Length × Breadth
Given that the rectangular park of sides 45m×42m:
2
Area of the park=45m×42m=1890m
Calculate the area of the inner square (the remaining area after building
the path)

mATH encyclopedia 45
 Since the path is 1 m wide and it runs along all sides of the rectangular

park, we need to subtract 2 m (1 m for each side) from the length of each

side of the park to find the dimensions of the inner rectangular:

New side length of the inner rectangular:

New side length = 45 m − 2 × 1 m = 45 m − 2 m = 43 m

New side breadth = 42 m − 2 × 1 m = 42 m − 2 m = 40 m

2
Area of the inner rectangular = 43 m × 40 m = 1720 m

Total cost is ₹3010 and area covered by the grass is 1720 m²

Rate per square metre= Total cost

Area covered by grass
3010
Rate per square metre = = ₹1.75
1720
The rate per square metre at which the park is covered by the grass is

approximately ₹ 1.75.

3. From a rectangular sheet of tin, of size 100 cm by 80 cm, are cut

four rectangles of length 10cm and breadth 8cm from each corner.

Find the area of the remaining sheet.

Sol: Original sheet: 100 cm × 80 cm

Rectangles cut from each corner: 10 cm × 8 cm

Area=Length × Breadth

Given:

Area of the original sheet=100cm×80cm=8000cm²

Calculate the area of one rectangle cut from each corner

The area of one rectangles of length 10cm and breadth 8cm is:

Area of one rectangle =length × breadth =10cm×8cm= 80cm²

Calculate the total area of the four squares

Total area of rectangles=4×Area of one rectangle=4× 80cm²= cm²

Area of the remaining sheet =Area of the original sheet –Total area of

rectangles

mATH encyclopedia 46
 Area of the remaining sheet = 8000cm²- cm² = 7680cm²

The area of the remaining sheet is 7680cm².

4. A painting 12 cm long and 10 cm wide is painted on a cardboard

such that there is a margin of 2.5 cm along each of its sides. Find

the total area of the margin.

Sol: Given , length = 12 cm Width = 10 cm margin = 2.5 cm

Calculate the area of the cardboard to paint

Area of the cardboard= Length × Width

Area of the cardboard=12cm×10cm= 120cm²

Calculate the area of the painting

The area of the painting is:

Length of the cardboard = 12 cm + (2.5 × 2) cm

= 12 cm + 5 cm

= 17 cm

Breadth of the cardboard = 10 cm + (2.5 × 2) cm

= 10 cm + 5 cm

= 15 cm

Area of the painting = Length × Width

2
Area of the painting =17 cm × 15 cm = 255 cm

Area of the margin = Area of the cardboard - Area of the painting next line

the margin=255cm2 − 120cm2 = 135cm2

The total area of the margin is 135 cm².

mATH encyclopedia 47
5. Evan has a rectangular plot of length 90 m and breadth 70 m. In it, he

wants to make a garden 12 m long and 8 m broad at one of the corners

and at another corner, he wants to grow flowers in two floor-beds

each of size 3 m by 2 m. In the remaining part of the field, he wants to

apply manures. Find the cost of applying the manures at the rate

of₹250 per area.

Sol: Given, Plot dimensions: 90 m × 70 m

Garden: 12 m × 8 m

Two flower-beds: 2 × (3 m × 2 m)

Rate of manure: ₹250 per area

Calculate the area of the rectangular plot.

Calculate the area of the garden.

Calculate the area of the flower beds.

Find the remaining area after subtracting the garden and flower beds from

the total area of the field.

Calculate the cost of applying manure to the remaining area.

The area of the rectangular field

Areafield = Length × Breadth

Given:

Length = 90 m

Breadth = 70 m
2
Areafield = 90 m × 70 m = 6300 m

The area of the garden

The area of the garden is:

Area garden = Length × Breadth

Where length = 12 m and breadth = 8 m)

mATH encyclopedia 48
 2
Area garden = 12 m × 8 m = 96 m

The area of the flower beds

Area flower 1st bed = Length × Breadth

2
Area flower bed = 3 m × 2 m = 6 m

Since there are two flower beds, the total area for the flower beds is:
2 2
Total Area flower 2nd bed = 2 × 6m = 12m

The remaining area

Remaining Area=Area field − (Area garden + Total Area flower beds)

Remaining

Area = 6300m2 − (96 m2 + 12m2) = 6300m2 − 108m2 = 6192m2

Step 5: Calculate the cost of applying manure

The cost of applying manure is given as ₹250 per area (per square metre).

Therefore, the total cost is:

Cost=Remaining Area × Cost per area

Cost = 6192 m2 × ₹250/m2= ₹15,48,400

Cost of applying manure in the remaining part of the field is ₹1548.

6. Each side of a rectangular flower bed is 2 m 80 cm long and 1.20m

wide. It is extended by digging a strip 30 cm wide all around it.

Find the area of the enlarged flower bed and also the increase in

the area of the flower bed.

Sol: To find the area of the enlarged flower bed and the increase in area, we

can follow these steps:

Step 1: Convert the dimensions to a single unit (metres)

The side of the square flower bed is given as 2 m 80 cm.

mATH encyclopedia 49
To convert this to metres:
80
Length=2m80cm = 2m + m=2m + 0.8m=2.8m
100
Breadth = 1.20 m

Step 2: Calculate the area of the original flower bed

The area of the original flower bed can be calculated using the formula for

the area of a square:

Area original = Length × Breadth

2
Area original= 2.8m × 1.2=3.36m

Step 3: Calculate the new dimensions of the enlarged flower bed

Since a strip of 30 cm (or 0.3 m) is dug around the flower bed, we need to

add 0.3 m to each side of the original flower bed for the entire width (0.3

m on both sides):

New side length=Original side+2×strip width=2.8m+2×0.3m

New side length=2.8m+0.6m=3.4m

New side breadth=Original side+2×strip width=1.2m+2×0.3m

New side length=1.2m+0.6m=1.8m

Step 4: Calculate the area of the enlarged flower bed

Now, we can calculate the area of the enlarged flower bed:

Area enlarged = Length × Breadth

Area enlarged= 3.4m × 1.8=6.12m2

Step 5: Calculate the increase in the area of the flower bed

The increase in the area can be found by subtracting the area of the

original flower bed from the area of the enlarged flower bed:
2
Increase in area=Area enlarged−Area original = 6.12 – 3.36=2.76m

Area of the enlarged flower bed: 6.12 m²

Increase in the area of the flower bed: 2.76 m²

mATH encyclopedia 50
7. A room 8 m long and 6 m wide is surrounded by a balcony. If the

balcony occupies an area of 32m², find the width of the balcony.

Sol: Let w be the width of the balcony.

The balcony surrounds the room on all sides, so it adds twice its width to

both the length and the width of the room.

The length of the room with the balcony will be 8+2w.

The width of the room with the balcony will be 6+2w.

Calculate the area of the room including the balcony.

The area of the room plus the balcony is:

Area=(8+2w)×(6+2w)

Calculate the area of the room alone and subtract it from the total area to

find the area of the balcony.

The area of the room alone is:

Room Area=8×6=48 m²

The area of the balcony is given as 32 m². Therefore:

Area of the balcony =Total Area−Room Area

32=(8+2w)×(6+2w)−48

Set up the equation and solve for w.

First, expand the expression:

(8+2w)×(6+2w)=48+16w+12w+4w²=48+28w+4w2

Area of the balcony=48+28w+4w²−48

2
32=28w+4w

Using the trial and error method, if w = 1, both LHS and RHS are equal.

Therefore width of the balcony is 1m

8. A square meadow has a 3 m wide path surrounding it. If the area of

the path is 144 m², find the area of the meadow.

Sol: To find the area of the square meadow, we can follow these steps:

Step 1: Set up the variables

mATH encyclopedia 51
Let s be the side length of the square meadow.

Step 2: Calculate the dimensions, including the path

Since the path is 3 m wide and surrounds the meadow, the dimensions of

the entire area, including the meadow and the path, will be:

Side length of the larger square (meadow + path) = s+2×3=s+6

Step 3: Calculate the area of the larger square

The area of the larger square (meadow + path) can be calculated as

follows:

Area larger square=(s+6)2

Step 4: Calculate the area of the meadow

The area of the meadow is given by:

2
Area meadow=s

Step 5: Set up the equation for the area of the path

The area of the path is the area of the larger square minus the area of the

meadow:

Area path =Area larger square− Area meadow

Given that the area of the path is 144 m², we can set up the equation:
2 2
144=(s+6) −s

Step 6: Expand and simplify the equation

Expanding the equation:

144 = (s2+12s+36)−s2

144 = 12s + 36

Step 7: Solve for s

Subtract 36 from both sides:

144−36=12s

108 = 12s

Now, divide by 12:

mATH encyclopedia 52
 108
s= =9m
12
Step 8: Calculate the area of the meadow

Now that we have the side length of the meadow, we can calculate its area:

Area meadow=s2=9 =81m2

The area of the meadow is 81 m².

9. A banner of size 6m by 4m is pasted on a sheet of cardboard such that

there is a margin of width 0.5m along each side of the banner. Find

i. The total area of the margin

ii. The cost of the cardboard used at the rate of ₹1 per cm².

Sol: To find the total area of the margin and the cost of the cardboard used, we

can follow these steps:

Step 1: Calculate the dimensions of the cardboard, including the margin

Given:

Size of the poster: 6m by 4m

Margin width: 0.5m

Dimensions of the cardboard:

Length of the cardboard:

Length cardboard =Lengthposter+2×Margin

=6m+2×0.5m

=6m+1m

=7m

Width of the cardboard:

Widthcardboard =Widthposter+2×Margin

=4m+2×0.5m

=4m+1m

=5m

mATH encyclopedia 53
 Step 2: Calculate the area of the cardboard

The area of the cardboard can be calculated as follows:

Area cardboard = Length cardboard × Width cardboard

Area cardboard =7m× 5m

2
= 35m

Step 3: Calculate the area of the poster

The area of the poster can be calculated as follows:

Area poster=Length poster × Width poster

Areaposter=6m×4 m=24m2

Step 4: Calculate the area of the margin

The area of the margin can be found by subtracting the area of the poster

from the area of the cardboard:

Area margin= Area cardboard – Area poster

Areamargin= 35m2−24m2=11m2

Step 5: Calculate the cost of the cardboard

The cost of the cardboard used can be calculated by multiplying the area of

the cardboard by the cost per cm²:

Cost= Area cardboard × Cost per cm2

Given that the cost is ₹1 per cm²

1m2=10,000 cm2
2 2
35m =350,000 cm
2 2
Cost= 350000cm × ₹1/cm = ₹350,000

i. The total area of the margin is 11 m².

ii. The cost of the cardboard used is ₹350000.

10. A school has a hall which is 24 m long and 20 m broad. A carpet is laid

inside the hall leaving all around a margin of 50 cm from the walls.

Find the area of the carpet and the area of the strip left uncovered. If

mATH encyclopedia 54
 the width of the carpet is 88 cm, find the cost at the rate of ₹25 per

metre.

Sol: To find the area of the carpet and the area of the strip left uncovered, as

well as the cost of the carpet, we will follow these steps:

Step 1: Calculate the area of the hall

The area of the hall can be calculated as follows:

Area hall = Length × Breadth

Given:

Length = 24 m

Breadth = 20 m
2
Area hall = 24 m × 20 m = 480 m

Step 2: Determine the dimensions of the carpet

The carpet is laid inside the hall, leaving a margin of 50 cm (or 0.5 m) from

the walls. Therefore, the dimensions of the carpet can be calculated as

follows:

Length of the carpet:

Length carpet = Lengthhall − 2 × Margin

= 24 m − 2 × 0.5 m

= 24 m − 1 m

= 23 m

Breadth of the carpet:

Breadth carpet = Breadthhall − 2 × Margin

=20 m − 2 × 0.5m

= 20 m − 1m

= 19 m

Step 3: Calculate the area of the carpet

The area of the carpet is given by:

mATH encyclopedia 55
Area carpet = Length carpet × Breadth carpet
2
Area carpet = 23 m × 19 m = 437 m

Step 4: Calculate the area of the uncovered strip

The area of the uncovered strip can be calculated by subtracting the area of

the carpet from the area of the hall:

Area uncovered = Areahal l− Areacarpet

2 2 2
Area uncovered = 480m − 437 m = 43 m

Step 5: Calculate the cost of the carpet

Width of the carpet: 0.88 m

Area covered per metre length of the carpet:

0.88 m (width) × 1 m (length) = 0.88 m²

Total length of carpet required:

437 m² ÷ 0.88 m²/m = 496.59 m (approximately)

Total cost: 496.59 m × ₹25/m = ₹12,414.75

mATH encyclopedia 56
 FORMULA AND SUBJECT
11 TO A FORMULA

Exercise(Pg No.174)

1. Write formulas for the following mathematical statements.

a. The area of a triangle is equal to one-half the product of base and

height.

Sol: Area of a Triangle:

1
A= ×b×h
2
where A is the area, b is the base, and h is the height.

b. The diameter of a circle is twice the radius.

Sol: Diameter of a Circle:

d=2r

where d is the diameter and r is the radius.

c. The area of a trapezium is equal to the product of half the sum of

the parallel sides and the perpendicular distance between them.

Sol: Area of a Trapezium:

1
A= × (a + b) × h
2
where A is the area, a and b are the lengths of the parallel sides, and h is

the perpendicular distance between them.

d. The difference between the selling price and cost price is profit.

Sol: Profit:

P=SP−CP

where P is the profit, SP is the selling price, and CP is the cost price.

mATH encyclopedia 57
e. The volume of a cuboid is equal to the product of its length, breadth

and height.

Sol: Volume of a Cuboid:

V=l×b×h

where V is the volume, l is the length, b is the breadth, and h is the height.

f. The surface area of the cube is 6 times of the square of its edge.

Sol: Surface Area of a Cube:

2
SA=6a

where SA is the surface area and a is the length of an edge of the cube.

g. The force acting on a body is equal to the product of the mass of the

body and the acceleration produced by it.

Sol: Force Acting on a Body:

F= m×a

where F is the force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration.

h. The speed of a vehicle is equal to the distance travelled by it upon the

time taken to cover this distance.

Sol: Speed of a Vehicle:

D
S=
T
where S is the speed, D is the distance traveled, and T is the time taken.

i. Arithmetic mean of three observations is equal to the sum of

observations divided by the number of observations.

Sol: Arithmetic Mean:

O1 + O2 + O3
AM =
3
where AM is the arithmetic mean and O1, O2, O3 are the observations.

j. The area of the four walls of a room is equal to two times the product

of the perimeter and height of the room.

Sol: Area of Four Walls of a Room:

mATH encyclopedia 58
A=2×P×h

where A is the area of the four walls, P is the perimeter of the room, and h

is the height of the room.

mATH encyclopedia 59
 12 ROUNDERS

Exercise(Pg No.187)

1. Calculate the perimeter of a circle whose diameter is 8 cm.

Sol: The circumference (perimeter) C of a circle is given by the formula:

C=π×d

where d is the diameter.

Thus,

C=π×8≈3.14×8 = 25.12cm

2. What will be the diameter of a circle if its circumference is 10 cm?

Sol: Using the formula for circumference:

C=π×d

Rearranging gives:
C 10 10 10×7 70
d= = = = = = 3.18 cm
π π 22 22 22
7

3. If the circumference of a circle is 12cm, what will be the radius?

Sol: Using the formula:

C 12 6 6 7 42
r= = = = = 6× = =1.91cm
2π 2 π π 22 22 22
7
4. What is the circumference of a circle whose radius is 21cm?
22
Sol: C = π× d = π × 21 = × 21 = 22 × 3 = 66 cm
7
5. What is the circumference of a circle whose diameter is 56m?

Sol: C=π×d=π×56=3.14×56=175.84m

mATH encyclopedia 60
6. Find the circumference of a circle whose radius is:

a. 21 cm

Sol: C = 2 π r = 2× 22 ×21=2×22×3=132cm
7
b. 14 m d=
22
Sol: C = 2 π r = 2× ×14 =2×22×2 = 88m
7
c. 42 km
22
Sol: C = 2π r = 2× × 42 = 2×22×6 = 264 km
7
7. Find the circumference of a circle whose diameter is:

a. 21 cm
22
Sol: C= π d= π ×21= ×21=22×3=66 cm
7
b. 5.6 cm
22
Sol: C= π d= π ×5.6= ×5.6=22×0.8=17.6 cm
7
c. 12.6 km
22
Sol: C= π d= π×12.6 = ×12.6=22×1.8=39.6 km
7
8. Find the radius of a circle whose circumference is:

a. 57.2cm

Sol: r = C = 52.8 = 57.2 = 57.2×7 = 57.2×7 = 1.3×7=9.1cm

2π 2π 22 2×22 44
2( )
7

b. C=66 cm

Sol: r= C = 66 = 66 = 66×7 = 3×7 = 21 =10.5 cm

2 π 2 π 2(22) 44 2 2
7

c. 70.4 km
C 70.4km 70.4 70.4×7
Sol: r= = = = =1.6×7 =11.2 km
2π 2π 22 44
2( )
7

9. Find the diameter of a circle whose circumference is:

a. 92.4 cm
C 92.4 92.4 92.4×7
Sol: d= π = π = = = 4.2×7=29.4cm
22 22
7
mATH encyclopedia 61
b. 2 cm
C 22 22 22×7
Sol: d= π = π = = =7 cm
22 22
c. 13.2 km 7

C 13.2 13.2 11×7

Sol: d = π = π = = =0.6×7 = 4.2 cm
22 22
7
Exercise(Pg No.189)

1. The ratio of the diameter of two circles is 3:2. What is the ratio of
their circumferences?

Sol: Circumference of a circle is given by:

Circumference = π × diameter

So, if the diameters are in the ratio of 3: 2 and since π is constant for both,

Ratio of circumference =π × 3 : π × 2 = 3 : 2

So, the ratio of their circumferences is also 3:2.

2. The diameter of a wheel of a car is 77 cm. Find the distance

travelled by the car during the period, the wheel makes 1000
revolutions.

Sol: First, calculate the circumference:

22
C= π×d= π ×77= ×77 = 22 × 11 =242 cm
7
Now, calculate the distance for 1000 revolutions:

Distance=1000×C≈1000×242 = 242000cm=2420 m

3. The radius of a bullock cart is 56 cm. How many revolutions will it

make to travel 5280 meters?

Sol: First, calculate the circumference:

22
C= π×d = π×56 = ×56 = 22 × 8 =176 cm
7
Convert 5280 meters to centimeters:

5280 m=528000 cm

Now, find the number of revolutions:

mATH encyclopedia 62
 Distance 528000
Revolutions= = =3000 revolutions
C 176
4. A bicycle wheel makes 5000 revolutions in moving 11 km. Find the

radius of the wheel.

Sol: First, convert 11 km to centimeters:

11km=1100000 cm

Now calculate the circumference:

C= Distance 1100000
= =220cm
Revolutions 5000

Now, find the diameter:

C 220 220×7 220×7

r= = = = =5×7=35cm
2 π 2× 22 2×22 44
7
5. Find the area of a circle whose radius is:

a. 21 cm
2 22 2 22
Sol: A= π r = × (21 ) = ×21×21= 22×3×21=1386 cm2
7 7
b. 3.5 cm
22 2 22
Sol: A= π r2= × (3.5 ) = ×3.5×3.5 = 22×0.5×3.5 = 38.5 cm2
7 7
c. 10.5 km
22 2 22
Sol: A= π r2= × (10.5 ) = ×10.5×10.5 = 22×1.5×10.5 = 346.5Km2
7 7
6. Find the area of a circle whose diameter is:

a. 8.4 cm
d 8.4
Sol: r= = = 4.2cm
2 2

2 22 2 22
A= π r = × (4.2 ) = × 4.2×4.2 = 22 ×0.6×4.2 =55.44
7 7

b. 5.6 cm
5.6
Sol: r= =2.8 cm
2

mATH encyclopedia 63
 22 2 22
A= π r2= × (2.8 ) = ×2.8 ×2.8 = 22 ×0.4×2.8 =24.64 cm
2

7 7

c. 7 km
7
Sol: r= =3.5 km
2

22 2 22
A= π r2= × (3.5 ) = ×3.5 ×3.5 = 22 ×0.5×3.5 =38.5 km2
7 7

7. The area of a circle is 154 cm². Find the diameter of the circle.

Sol: Using the area formula:

2 A 154 154×7
A= π r = π = = =7×7= 49
22 22
7
So, the radius:

r= 49 =7cm

Diameter = 2 × r=2 ×7 =14 cm

8. Find the radius of a circle, if its area is:

a. 64 π cm²

Sol: π r2=64 π

r2=64
r=8 cm

b. 98.56 cm²
2
Sol: π r =98.56

22 2
r = 98.56
7
7
r 2 = 98.56 × = 4.48×7=31.36
22

mATH encyclopedia 64
 2 3136

2 1568

2 784

2 392

2 196

2 98

7 49

7
6 2 3
1764=2 ×7 =2 ×7=8×7=56

2
r = 31.36 = (5.6 ) =5.6cm

Radius (r) = 5.6 cm

c. 6.16 cm²

Sol: r2 = 6.16 = 6.16 = 6.16×7 = 0.28×7 =1.96

π 22 22
7
r = 1.96 =1.4 m

9. The circumference of a circle is 3.14 m, find its area.

Sol: Using the circumference:

C
C=2 π r⇒ r = π
2

3.14 1
r= = =0.5m (Here π =3.14)
2 (3.14 ) 2

Now, find the area:

2 2 2
A= π r = π (0.5 )= π (0.25)≈0.785 m

10. If the area of a circle is 50.24 m², find its circumference.

Sol: Using the area:

A= πr ⇒r = A = 50.24 = 50.24×7 = 351.68 =15.98 =1 6

2 2

π 22 22 22
7

mATH encyclopedia 65
So, the radius:

r= 16 =4 m

Now find the circumference:

22 176
C=2 π r=2 π ×4 = 2× ×4= =25.14 m
7 7

mATH encyclopedia 66
 INTERVAL, DURATION AND RACE
13 Distance, Time and Speed

Exercise(Pg No.197)

1. Find speed when distance is 213 km and time is 3 hours.

Sol: The formula for speed is:

Distance 213km
Speed= = = 71km / hr
Time 3hours
2. Find out the distance covered when speed is 960 km/hour and time

is 3 hour 40 minutes.

Sol: First, convert the time to hours:

40 4 22 11
3 hour + hours = 3hours + hours = = hours
60 6 6 3
Now calculate the distance:
11
Distance = Speed× Time = 960km / hr× = 320×11= 3520km
3
3. Determine the time taken when distance is 7098 km and speed is

78 km/hr.

Sol: Using the formula for time:

Distance 7098km
Time = = = 91hours
Speed 78 km / hr
4. If distance travelled by a bullet train is 715 km in 6 hours 30

minutes, what is its speed?

Sol: Convert time to hours:

30 1 13
6hours+ hours = 6hours+ hours = = 6.5hours
60 2 2
Now calculate the speed:
715km 715km 7150km
Speed = = = = 110km / hr
6.5hours 65 65hours
hours
10

mATH encyclopedia 67
5. A cyclist covers 1140 m in 6 minutes. Find his speed in km/hour.

Sol: First, convert the distance to kilometers and the time to hours:

1140 m=1.14 km

Now calculate the speed:

1.14km
Speed = = 1.14×10 = 11.4 km / hr
1
hours
10

6. The speed of the Vande Bharat Express train is 120 km per hour.

Find its speed in metres per second.

Sol: To convert km/hr to m/s:

1000 5 600
Speed = 120× = 120× = = 33.33m / s
3600 18 18
7. Express the speed of 90 m per minute in km per hour.

Sol: Convert meters per minute to kilometers per hour:

1km 90min 90×60 5400
Speed= 90m / min× × = = = 5.4km / hr
1000m 1hour 1000 1000
8. Suchin runs at the speed of 12 km/hr. How much time will he take

to cover 750 metres?

Sol: First, convert 750 meters to kilometers:

750 m=0.75 km

Now use the formula for time:

Distance 0.75km
Time = = = 0.0625hours =0.0625×60 = 3.75minutes
Speed 12km / hr
Convert decimal to minutes and seconds

0.75 minutes=45 seconds

Suchin will take 3 minutes 45 seconds to cover 750 metres at 12 km/h.

9. Akash ran 250 metres in 50 seconds. Find the speed in km per hour.

First, convert 250 meters to kilo meters and 50 seconds to hours:

Sol: 250 m = 0.25 km,

50
50 seconds = hours
3600

mATH encyclopedia 68
 Now calculate the speed:

0.25km 0.25 ×3600

Speed = = = 18km / hr
50 50
hours
3600

10. A horse can run 24 km/hour. How far will he travel in 45 minutes?

First, convert 45 minutes to hours:

45 3
45minutes= = hours
60 4
Now calculate the distance:
3
Distance=Speed × Time=24km/hr× =18 km
4

mATH encyclopedia 69
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