IPTV Luan Van

I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH ===Fotech===
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CC GII PHP CNG NGH V TRUYN TN HIU TRUYN HNH TRN MNG
KHO LUN TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY Ngnh : in t - Vin thng
H NI 2005
Kho lun tt nghip Gii php truyn tn hiu truyn hnh trn mng ===================================================================
I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH ===Fotech===
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CC GII PHP CNG NGH V TRUYN TN HIU TRUYN HNH TRN MNG
KHO LUN TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY Ngnh : in t - Vin thng Cn b hng dn : TS. Ng Thi Tr Cn b ng hng dn : KS. Bi Vn Thnh
H NI 2005
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Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh
LI CM N
Sau mt thi gian nghin cu v thc tp ti Trung tm Tin hc v o lng i truyn hnh Vit Nam, vi s gip n tnh ca cc cn b thuc Trung tm gip em hon thnh Kho lun tt nghip. Qua y em xin trn trng gi li cm n n Thy gio TS Ng Thi Tr ngi tn tm hng dn, ch bo v ng vin em trong sut qu trnh thc tp cng nh khi bt u nghin cu v hon thnh ti. Xin c gi li cm n chn thnh n KS Bi Vn Thnh (cn b Trung tm Tin hc v o lng i truyn hnh Vit Nam) v s hng dn, ch bo nhit tnh trong sut qu trnh thc tp v hon tt kho lun. Cui cng, em v cng bit n s gip v to mi iu kin thun li nht ca gia nh, bn b v thy c gio - nhng ngi gip , ng vin em trong sut nhng nm hc qua. Mt ln na xin chn thnh cm n !
H Ni, thng 6 nm 2005 Sinh vin
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TM TT NI DUNG
Truyn tn hiu truyn hnh trn mng l mt vn ln t ra cho c hai ngnh Truyn hnh v Internet. Mt cu hi t ra y l lm th no truyn c tn hiu truyn hnh (c video v audio) vi dung lng ln trn ng truyn Internet bng thng hp hin nay v bi ton y chnh l vn bng thng. Tri qua thi gian di chng ta mi tm c li gii cho bi ton ny chnh l nhng kt qu t nhng thnh tu mi trong lnh vc truyn dn Internet tc cao - c bit l cng ngh ng dy thu bao bt i xng ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) s dng k thut truyn dn bng rng cho php nng tc ti (download) ln 2 Mbps, 5 Mbps v cao hn na. Bn cnh l k thut nn nh ng vi cc chun nn MPEG-2, MPEG-3, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, MPEG-21( chun MPEG-4 cho php gim tc truyn ti cn thit ca truyn hnh s t 4 6 Mbps xung cn 1,5 2 Mbps). Tuy nhin, hin nay li gii ny c th l ti u nht nhng vi s pht trin nh v bo ca khoa hc cng ngh th chng ta s tm c nhng gii php c tnh u vit hn na.
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THUT NG
A/D ADSL ARP ASF CD CPE D/A DNS DRM DSM DVB DVD FTP HDSL HTML HTTP ICMP IETF IP IPA IPv4 IPv6 ISDN
Analog to Digital Converter Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Address Resolution Protocol Advanced Streaming Format Compact Disk Customer Premise Equipment Digital to Analog Converter Domain Name Server Digital Rights Management Digital Storage Media Digital Video Broadcasting Double Video Disk File Tranfer Protocol High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line HyperText Markup Language HyperText Transfer Protocol Internet Control Message Protocol Internet Enginerring Task Force Internet Protocol Interactive Production Area Internet Protocol version 4 Internet Protocol version 6 Intergrated Services Digital Network
B chuyn i tng t sang s ng dy thu bao s bt i xng Giao thc phn gii a ch nh dng dng tin tin a quang Thit b tr gip khch hng B chuyn i s sang tng t Dch v tn min Qun l bn quyn d liu s Thit b lu tr d liu s Pht sng video s qung b a video dung lng ln Giao thc truyn tp tin ng dy thu bao s tc cao Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn Giao thc truyn siu vn bn Giao thc nhm tin iu khin mng T chc tiu chun mng quc t Giao thc mng Internet Khu vc sn xut chng trnh tng tc Giao thc mng phin bn 4 Giao thc mng phin bn 6 Mng s tch hp a dch v
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ISP LDAP MAC MPEG MRG MSA NAT NTSC PAL PDA QOS RMP RSVP RTCP RTP RTSP SMIL
Internet Services Provider Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Media Access Control Moving Picture Experts Group Multimedia Research Group MultiStreaming Area Information content NATural unit National Television System Commitee Phase Alternating Line Personal Digital Assistant Quality of Service Reliable Multicast Protocol Resource Reservatiion Protocol Real-time Control Protocol Real-time Transport Protocol Real-time Streaming Protocol Syschronized Multimedia Integration Language
Nh cung cp dch v Internet Chun gin dch v iu khin truy cp thit b T chc chuyn nghin cu nh ng T chc nghin cu dch v a phng tin Khu vc dch v a lung n v t nhin cha thng tin U ban v h thng truyn hnh quc t Pha thay i theo tng dng Thit b h tr c nhn Dch v tin cy Giao thc truyn a dng tin cy cao Giao thc dnh ring ti nguyn mng Giao thc kim sot thi gian thc Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc Giao thc dng d liu thi gian thc Ngn ng tch hp truyn thng a phng tin ng b Lp bo v khe h trong mng Hp chuyn i tn hiu s sang tng t a hnh c dung lng ln Giao thc iu khin truyn tin Bo mt lp truyn tin a quang c hnh H thng truyn hnh ti nh Truyn hnh theo yu cu
SSL STB
Secure Socket Layer Set Top Box
S-VCD Super Video Compact Disk TCP TLS VCD VHS VOD Transport Control Protocol Transport Layer Security Video Compact Disk Video Home System Video on Demand
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VPN XML
Virture Private Network Extansible Markup Language
Mng ring o Ngn ng nh du m rng
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MC LC
--------&&-------LI GII THIU CHNG 1 : TNG QUAN V TRUYN HNH INTERNET 1.1 Gii thiu 1.3 S hi t cc u im ca truyn hnh s v Internet 1.4 Khi nim truyn hnh Internet 1.5 Nhng ng dng ca truyn hnh Internet CHNG 2 : KHI QUT V CNG NGH TRUYN HNH INTERNET 2.1 Gii thiu v mng truyn hnh Internet 2.1.1 Cu trc mng 2.1.2 Cc chun mng 2.1.3 Kh nng nng cp mng 2.1.4 Trin khai lp t mng 2.1.5 Chi ph 2.2 Cng ngh truyn hnh Internet 2.2.1 To chng trnh truyn hnh 2.2.1.1 Truyn hnh theo yu cu 2.2.1.2 Truyn hnh trc tip trn mng 2.2.2 Truyn dn v phn phi 2.2.3 Hin th CHNG 3 : CC CNG NGH TRUYN THNG A PHNG TIN TRN MNG HIN NAY 3.1 Khi qut v mng Internet v m hnh TCP/IP 3.1.1 Mng Internet 3.1.1.1 Gii thiu v Internet
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3.1.1.2 Cc ng dng ca Internet 3.1.2 M hnh TCP/IP 3.1.2.1 Giao thc mng IP 3.1.2.2 Giao thc TCP 3.1.3 Gii thiu cng ngh ADSL 3.2 Cc phng php truyn thng a phng tin 3.2.1 IP Unicast 3.2.2 IP Multicast 3.2.2.1 Truyn thng IP Multicast trn mng Internet 3.2.2.2 nh tuyn trong truyn thng IP Multicast 3.2.3 Truyn thng IP Simulcast 3.2.3.1 Nguyn l truyn thng IP Simulcast 3.2.3.2 Phng thc hot ng truyn thng IP Simulcast 3.2.3.3 m bo cht lng dch v s dng truyn dn IP Simulcast 3.2.3.3.1 Qu trnh b tr Jitter (Jitter Buffering) 3.2.3.3.2 Qu trnh b tr sa li Retry Buffering 3.2.3.3.3 u, nhc im ca truyn thng IP Simulcast trn mng Internet 3.2.4 Mt s giao thc, ngn ng v chun k thut s dng trong truyn thng a phng tin trn mng Internet 3.2.4.1 Giao thc dnh ring ti nguyn mng RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) 3.2.4.2 Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) v giao thc kim sot thi gian thc RTCP (Real-time Control Protocol) 3.2.4.3 Giao thc truyn a dng tin cy cao RMP (Reliable Multicast Protocols) 3.2.4.4 Ngn ng nh du m rng XML (Extansible Markup Language) 3.2.4.5 Ngn ng tch hp truyn thng a phng tin ng b
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SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) 3.2.4.6 Giao thc dng d liu thi gian thc RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol) 3.2.4.7 nh dng dng tin tin ASF (Advanced Streaming Format) CHNG 4 : CC GII PHP CUNG CP CHNG TRNH VTV QUA MNG INTERNET 4.1 Xu th v nhng iu kin pht trin truyn hnh Internet 4.2 Cc gii php k thut a VTV ln Internet 4.2.1 Khi qut v h thng VTV Online 4.2.2 H thng truyn dn v cung cp chng trnh VTV qua mng Internet 4.2.3 Sn xut v a chng trnh VTV ln Internet 4.2.4 T chc c s d liu v vn qun tr d liu, cp nht thng tin 4.2.5 Giao din Website VTV Online 4.2.6 Vn thanh ton trc tuyn qua mng 4.2.7 Bo mt v m bo an ninh h thng 4.3. Gii php k thut tng th cho h thng VTV Online p ng nhu cu trao i, cung cp t liu truyn hnh qua mng Internet KT LUN
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LI M U
Trong nhng nm gn y, p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi xem, cng ngh truyn hnh ang chuyn sang mt bc ngot mi, l qu trnh chuyn t cng ngh tng t sang cng ngh s. Bn cnh l s bng n, pht trin v sau l xm chim ca cng ngh thng tin trong vin thng v trong truyn hnh. Khin hai ngnh cng ngh ny ngy cng xch li gn nhau hn v xu hng hi t c xem l mt gii php hp l, m bo s tn ti v pht trin ca chng trong nn kinh t th trng. Xu hng ny cng c khng nh khi m cc nh cung cp Internet ang quan tm n vic phn phi cc chng trnh truyn hnh, v cc hng truyn hnh cng trin khai cc dch v Internet trn mng truyn thng ca mnh. Vic kt ni cc chng trnh truyn hnh vi h thng vin thng Internet, nhiu hng truyn hnh ang to ra cc dch v truyn hnh mi v hp dn, c kh nng p ng cc yu cu ngy cng cao ca khn gi. S thm nhp t ca cng ngh thng tin trong truyn hnh ni chung v qu trnh hi t ca truyn hnh Internet ni ring ang t ra cho truyn hnh Vit Nam nhng c hi v cng l thch thc to ln : c hi to ra nhng bc nhy vt v k thut tin kp v vt cc nc trong khu vc v nguy c c th b tt hu v ph thuc vo nc ngoi v cng ngh, nu chng ta khng nm bt v b qua c hi thun li ny. Hin nay, nh nhng thnh tu mi trong lnh vc truyn dn Internet tc cao c bit l cng ngh ng thu bao s bt i xng ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) s dng k thut truyn thng bng rng Broadband cho php nng tc ti ca cc kt ni Internet ln n 2 Mbps, 5 Mbps v c th cao hn na. Bn cnh l thnh tu trong lnh vc nn tn hiu video (MPEG-4) cho php gim tc truyn ti cn thit xung cn 1,5-2 Mbps. l nhng tin k thut cho s hi t truyn hnh Internet. T nhng vn c bn trn, ti i su vo nghin cu cc gii php
cng ngh truyn tn hiu truyn hnh trn mng Internet
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CHNG 1 : TNG QUAN V TRUYN HNH INTERNET --------&&--------
1.1 Gii thiu
Trong khong thi gian trc, khi m truyn hnh pht sng s mt t DVBT Chu u ang gp kh khn, k hoch chuyn i pht sng tng t sang s b tr hon, v c nguy c v ti mt s nc, gy nhiu thit hi cho cc i tc trong l trnh chuyn i tng t sang s. Nhng cng trong thi im ny, truyn hnh pht sng s trong cc mi trng truyn dn khc (nh truyn hnh cp, v tinh...) li vn ln v thu c nhiu thnh tu kh quan, khng nh c v tr ca mnh trong th gii truyn thng gii tr. t c kt qu , khng th khng ni n vai tr ca cc dch v mi c xy dng trn nn tng ca s hi t hai cng ngh truyn thng hin i l Truyn hnh s v Internet.
1.2 Cc tin k thut ca s hi t gia truyn hnh s v Internet
S pht trin v tip l s xm chim ca Cng Ngh Thng Tin (CNTT) trong Vin thng v Truyn hnh vn c xem l hai lnh vc tng i c lp trong sut qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin, khin hai ngnh cng nghip ny ngy mt xch li gn nhau hn v xu hng hi t c xem l gii php hp l, m bo cho s tn ti v pht trin ca chng trong nn kinh t th trng. Xu hng ny cng c khng nh khi m cc nh cung cp Internet ang quan tm n vic phn phi cc chng trnh truyn hnh v cc hng truyn hnh cng trin khai cc dch v Internet trn mng truyn thng ca mnh (nh cp, v tinh DTH, s mt t ).
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Internet
`
Data and Streaming media TV on the Internet Computer
Internet on TV
Radio and TV program
Broadcast Network
TV set (viewer)
Hnh 1 : M hnh hi t ca truyn hnh v Internet
Internet l mt h thng c pht trin u tin bi d n nghin cu gia B quc phng M v cc vin nghin cu nhm chia x cc d liu lin quan n quc phng gia cc c s ny. n nay Internet pht trin thnh mt h thng c qui m ton cu vi nhng kho lu tr thng tin khng l cho php truy cp bt c lc no, bt c thi im no v thng min ph cho ngi s dng. Chnh v vy Internet tr nn ph cp rt nhanh , c bit trong vi nm gn y vi s pht trin ca b giao thc TCP/IP cng mt s cc ng dng trnh duyt Internet. N cho php ngi s dng d dng truy cp, tm kim thng tin trn ton b h thng. Ngoi vn cung cp d liu di dng vn bn, nh ho Internet cng h tr truyn dn cc dng audio v video - c s ca cc dch v a phng tin (Multimedia) trn qui m ton cu. Di con mt ca cc nh kinh doanh dch v truyn thng, sc hp dn ch yu ca Internet l kh nng cho php ngi s dng tng tc, trao i thng tin vi nhau trn phm vi ton cu. Trn c s qun l tng c nhn s dng thng qua a ch IP (ging nh cc a ch c tr ng k theo s nh), ngi ta c th thit lp mt th gii kinh doanh dch v v thng mi in t (e-service/ commerce) trn phm vi ton cu, vi nhiu loi hnh kinh doanh/dch v cng tn ti trong mt th trng o, bao gm c cc dch v truyn hnh v gii tr. Tuy nhin, do hn ch v bng thng ca h thng Internet bng hp truyn thng, khi lng ngi s dng trc tuyn
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(online) ti cng thi im li tng vt vt qu kh nng v bng thng, qu trnh truyn thng trn mng s b chm li (thm ch gy ra nghn mng). V vy mt thi gian di Internet b nhn nhn nh l mt cng ngh khng ph hp vi truyn thng a phng tin. Mt tr ngi ng k khc cho cc dch v a phng tin trn mng l cu trc a hop ca Internet. Trong thc t, cc ni dung truyn trn Internet khng c gi trc tip t ngun n ngi dng, m c gi qua mt s cc my ch (server) v thit b nh tuyn (router). Mi s di chuyn t mt server hay router n ci k tip c gi l mt hop. Mi hop (c th l nhiu hop) s lm tng thm thi gian vn chuyn v bng thng cn thit cung cp ni dung n ngi s dng cui cng. Khi ti cng mt thi im c nhiu ngi cng truy cp vo mt a ch dch v trn mng, vn s tr nn nghim trng n mc lm nn lng cc bn tham gia thng tin, thm ch gy ra nghn mng. S ra i ca truyn hnh k thut s, cc thnh tu mi trong lnh vc truyn dn Internet tc cao - c bit l cng ngh ng dy thu bao s bt i xng ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) s dng k thut truyn dn bng rng Broadband cho php nng tc ti ca cc kt ni Internet ln 500 Kbps, 2 Mbps, 5 Mbps v cao hn na. Cng vi k thut nn nh ng (chun MPEG-4 cho php gim bt tc truyn ti cn thit ca truyn hnh s t 4 n 6 Mbps hin nay xung cn 1.5 n 2 Mbps) l nhng tin k thut cho s hi t ny. Cc nh nghin cu x hi hc gn y rt quan tm n vn ny v cho rng s hi t gia truyn hnh v Internet s cho ra i cc dch v Multimedia c vai tr rt ln trong x hi, thm ch tc ng ti thi quen gii tr v tiu dng cc sn phm vn ha ni chung, lm thay i cm nhn ca khn gi v cc dch v truyn hnh ni ring.
1.3 S hi t cc u im ca truyn hnh s v Internet
S hi t ca truyn hnh v Internet c th hin thng qua vic hnh thnh cc mi trng mng truyn dn tc cao, c th x l s lng ln ni dung truyn thng Multimedia trn c s giao thc IP mt cch tin cy, hiu qu, an ton vi kh
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nng tng tc cng nhiu tnh nng u vit khc. V thc cht, c th coi cc yu t sau l s t hp cc u im ca cng ngh truyn hnh s v Internet :
Cung cp kh nng tng tc, iu kin bt buc i vi cc dch v truyn thng mi nh Video theo yu cu VOD, truyn hnh tng tc Cung cp bng thng rng trn cc mng tc cao, c th truyn i cc ni dung truyn thng a phng tin c kch thc ln mt cch nhanh chng, hn ch ti a nhng nhc im lin quan n gii hn bng thng, thi gian truyn ti ca Internet bng hp truyn thng. m bo vic cung cp ni dung mt cch tin cy, c bit l cc ni dung nh ng cht lng tt. Mng Internet truyn thng vn hnh theo nguyn tc thu nhn ni dung tt nht mc tt nht c th, c ngha l ngi s dng cui cng s nhn c phn ln cc d liu theo yu cu - nhng gi d liu b h hng, tn tht hay tht lc do cc li trong qu trnh truyn Internet s khng c gi li. Vi cc h thng mng tc cao, s dng cc phng thc truyn thng tin cy QOS (Quality Of Service) s m bo vic cung cp cho ngi dng cui cng 100% ni dung yu cu. To ngun thu nhp mi: trn cc mi trng hi t ny cc nh truyn thng c th thay th hnh thc cung cp min ph thng tin trn Internet bng hnh thc kinh doanh truy cp tr tin. H c th yu cu tr tin cho cc ni dung m h cung cp v ngn chn nhng ngi khng tr tin thu ni dung ca h. Bo v an ton ni dung trong qu trnh truyn pht, cho n khi ni dung c truy cp bi ngi s dng. Ngoi ra, vic trin khai cc gii php qun l bn quyn d liu s DRM (Digital Rights Management) s bo v cc ni dung ngay c khi n c s dng bi ngi dng, trnh vic truyn b tip ni dung ny n ngi s dng khc. Cho php nh truyn thng kim sot chi tit v qun l bng thng t cc server phn phi trn ton mng, phn b bng thng cho ngi s dng mt cch ph hp nht. iu ny rt quan trng khi s lng ngi ng thi truy cp dch v kh ln (i vi Internet truyn thng, cc giao thc Internet ch cho php kim sot nghn mch mt mc nht nh, nhng cc nh cung
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cp ni dung vn khng th kim sot c s phn chia bng thng trn mng). M ra mt lnh vc sn xut - kinh doanh mi : sn xut, kinh doanh cc thit b thu truyn hnh s trn Internet. Khai thc th phn khn gi sn c ca cc mng truyn hnh ang hot ng, cung cp, b xung cc dch v Internet v cc dch v mi cho khi khn gi ny tng ngun thu.
1.4 Khi nim truyn hnh Internet
Truyn hnh Internet (Internet Television) l cm t dng ch dch v cung cp chng trnh truyn hnh qua mng Internet v vy n cn c gi l truyn hnh trc tuyn (Online Television). Hin c hai phng thc xem chng trnh truyn hnh qua mng Internet l:
Xem trc tip theo thi gian thc Real-time (cn gi l phng thc Download and Play). Vic xem trc tip cho php khch hng khng cn ti file chng trnh v my tnh ca mnh, nhng cho cht lng hnh nh thp hn. V vy ch ph hp vi nhng kt ni Internet tc cao, hoc p ng cc yu cu khng cao v cht lng nh. Ti file chng trnh v my tnh c nhn (Download stream-file): phng thc ny s m bo c cht lng hnh nh chng trnh, nhng li mt thi gian ch i v khng p dng c cho cc chng trnh truyn hnh trc tip.
Nhn chung cho n nay, do nhng hn ch v c s h tng truyn dn Internet, phng thc ti file chng trnh v my tnh c nhn c v c ng dng ph bin hn v c nhiu ngi bit n vi tn gi truyn hnh theo yu cu VOD (Video On Demand). Cc chng trnh truyn hnh (hay cc b phim) sau khi c s ho s lu tr di dng cc file chng trnh (m thanh v hnh nh) ti my ch (server). Ngi xem c th chn cc chng trnh m mnh thch t bt k v tr no c
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kt ni Internet, ti bt k thi im no thng qua mt ng tc click chut n gin vo file trn cc website ca nh cung cp dch v. y thng l cc dch v truyn hnh tr tin vi hnh thc thanh ton thu bao, tr tin theo lng chng trnh xem (pay per view) hoc tr theo thi gian thc s dng dch v (pay per minute). Chng trnh truyn hnh Internet trc tip u tin chnh thc xut hin ngy 13/5/2000 ti Stockhom (Thy in), l chng trnh ca nhc Eurovision Song Contest do EBU t chc hng nm. Hin nay, khi c s h tng Vin thng- Internet tc cao tr nn ph cp th truyn hnh trc tuyn c xem l phng thc c hiu qu kinh t nht ph sng cc chng trnh truyn hnh trn phm vi ton cu.
1.5 Nhng ng dng ca truyn hnh Internet
Mt trong nhng kha cnh hp dn ca truyn hnh Internet l n cho php cung cp cc ng dng vi c s cng ngh v mc u t tng ng. Truyn hnh Internet c th kt hp vi mt mng IP bng rng mi (hoc sn c) cung cp vi gi thp hn so vi gi cung cp ni dung truyn hnh thng mi. Mt s ng dng quan trng ca h thng truyn hnh Internet bao gm :
Video theo yu cu (VOD) : vi truyn hnh Internet mt lng ln ni dung chng trnh c th c lu li trong cc Streaming Server (gm film, ca nhc, th thao, gii tr ). Ngi xem c th tm kim v xem chng trnh yu thch ca mnh vo bt c lc no. Ngoi ra, ngi s dng cn c cung cp mt giao din xem nhng chng trnh ny khi thun tin vi s kim sot nh vi PVR. To chng trnh truyn hnh c nhn : t cc mc chng trnh truyn hnh m khch hng xem hoc cc chng trnh yu thch, h thng truyn hnh Internet c th to ra mt danh sch cc chng trnh c c nhn ho cho tng thu bao.
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Gim st qua video : mt s khch hng cn gim st mt i tng c th ri thu li video s dng v sau (nh cnh st giao thng t camera kim sot tnh hnh giao thng v ghi li cc xe vi phm lut) . Tin tc thi s v thi tit theo yu cu : truyn hnh Internet cung cp cc chng trnh c bit nh tin tc thi s v thi tit theo yu cu. Vi dch v ny, thu bao c th xem cc tin tc pht trc y mt cch tu theo yu cu. Thng mi in t : cc ng dng ny (khng phi l dng hnh nh) c th c nng cao nh s dng cc cng ngh truyn dn ging nh truyn hnh Internet. Kh nng truyn dn ny c c hi mang n nhng ngun doanh thu mi cho cc cng ty in thoi (ngi xem truyn hnh c th bm nt iu khin t xa t mua hng, hay kim tra ti khon ca mnh ngn hng) Truyn hnh tng tc : truyn hnh tng tc l ng dng tt nht ca truyn hnh Internet, n khng ch lm cho ni dung ca chng trnh truyn hnh c nng cao, m cn cho php tng tc hai chiu gia ngi xem vi chng trnh truyn hnh, em li s phong ph v cun ht khn gi. Khn gi t trng thi thu nhn thng tin mt cch th ng khi xem truyn hnh truyn thng, s chuyn sang ch ng hn v c cm nhn nh c ho mnh vo chng trnh ang xem. V thc cht, y l s kt hp gia vic xem truyn hnh truyn thng vi cc hot ng tng tc c thc hin thng qua knh thng tin phn hi da trn mt h thng mng (nh Internet, cp hay v tinh). T nm 2001, hng BBC thc hin cc chng trnh truyn hnh trc tip vi ni dung tng tc khu vc sn xut IPA (Interactive Production Area) cnh Studio th thao trung tm BBC Television, truyn pht thng qua khu vc dch v a lung MSA (Multistreaming Area), cho php truyn pht ng thi cc chng trnh ny trn mt s knh u tin. Nhiu t liu, chng trnh trao i c tnh cht thi s vi ni dung tng tc cng c pht km cc chng trnh chnhNhng phn ng tch cc i vi dch v ny t pha khn gi ti Anh trong thi gian qua cho thy truyn hnh tng tc c th l mt gii php hp l cc hng truyn thng a dch v b sung n ngi xem, gip duy tr v tng th phn trong qu trnh pht trin.
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Ti M, cc iu tra thng k c tin hnh trong vi nm gn y cng cho thy truyn hnh tng tc tr thnh mt ngnh cng nghip, ng vai tr quan trng trong vic thc y tin b cng ngh v tng li nhun cho gii truyn thng. Ti Vit nam loi hnh ny cng ang c y mnh pht trin v ha hn s thu c nhng kt qu kh quan.
Hnh 2 : Gii thiu trang Web trc tuyn ca i THVN
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Thit lp mng truyn thng ni b trn c s cc mng truyn dn truyn hnh s : vi k thut mng ring o VPN, cc cng ty c nhiu chi nhnh, nhiu vn phng trn mt khu vc hay thnh ph c th s dng cc mng truyn hnh s (ph bin hin nay l truyn hnh cp, hay qua ng ADSL) cung cp thng tin v tin tc cp nht cho cc c s ca mnh. Khi c h thng truyn thng s ny cng c vn hnh v kim sot tng t cc mng ni b LAN.
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CHNG 2 : KHI QUT V CNG NGH TRUYN HNH INTERNET --------&&--------
2.1 Gii thiu v mng truyn hnh Internet
2.2.1 Cu trc mng Truyn hnh Internet l mt gii php cho php cc nh cung cp dch v l cc chng trnh truyn hnh v video qua mng IP bng rng n cc tivi ti cc h gia nh hoc my tnh. Qua cc mng truyn hnh Internet, nh cung cp dch v c th cung cp cc dch v ti khch hng nh : VOD Video theo yu cu, truyn hnh tng tc ITV, dch v d liu, tr chi truyn hnh qua mng, gio dc t xaGii php truyn hnh Internet hon chnh bao gm t nht 6 yu t : Content Creator, Server Streaming, thit b chuyn mch, mng IP bng rng, Set-top-box v Middleware
TV
SetTopBox
Mng IP bng rng
`
PC
Lung chng trnh
Conten Creator
Streaming Server Gim st , iu khin hot ng Thit b chuyn mch
Hnh 3 : H thng truyn hnh Internet in hnh
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Content Creator : y l mt thit b u cui, hot ng nh mt Gateway truyn thng. Ni dung video c chuyn ti Content Creator trc khi c phn b qua mng. Nu tn hiu n dng analog n s m ho thnh tn hiu s MPEG. Nu tn hiu n l dng s (nh DVB-S), n s gii iu ch, tch knh v chuyn m cc lung tn hiu. Lung d liu ny sau c gi n Streaming Server. Streaming Server : thc hin nhiu chc nng (nh nhn cc ni dung s mi c m ho t Content Creator, truyn tip hoc lu li, cc server lu gi ni dung c m ho bng k thut s v chuyn n qua mng IP bng rng. Streaming Server cng c chc nng p ng s tng tc vi cc thu bao v cc yu cu. Streaming Server c kh nng trin khai cao, d dng x l cc li, dung lng h thng ln v mc thng lng cao. Thit b chuyn mch (Switch Media) : l thit b iu khin ca c h thng, n gim st v iu khin s hot ng ca Content Creator v Streaming Server theo thi gian thc. Switch Media cng theo di s lu tr cc phn video c phn phi gia cc Streaming Server v nhn cc yu cu ca thu bao, hng cc on d liu (data segment) n Streaming Server v phi hp hot ng ca Streaming Server. N cng cung cp giao din cho h thng qun l, cho php cc nh vn hnh lp cu hnh, gim st v iu khin cc Streaming Server v Content Creator. Mng IP bng rng : l mng truyn ti cc lung d liu. Khc vi cc mng tiu chun IP cung cp dch v khc, mng IP bng rng c di tn rng hn nhiu vi s nng cao cht lng dch v QOS. truyn pht truyn thng hiu qu hn, n h tr IP n hng v a hng ng thi h tr Streaming IP v iu khin cc giao thc. ng trc ca mt h thng nh vy l mng cp vi chuyn mch lp 3. Mng phn phi c th l bt c phng thc bng rng no bao gm c DSL hoc TTT[x]. Set-Top-Box : nhn cc lung tn hiu qua cc thit b CPE (Customer Premise Equipment) nh modem v gii m n hin th trn mn hnh tivi. Ngoi ra n cung cp mt giao din ngi dng ngi s dng c th tng tc vi cc Server video. Cui cng, Set-Top-Box cung cp mt giao din analog cho cc TV analog (ang s dng ph bin hin nay) v n thc hin chuyn i d dng t TV s ra TV tng t.
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Middleware : l phn mm kt hp cc phn khc nhau ca truyn hnh Internet thnh mt h thng hon chnh. N qun l thit b, knh v lch pht sng truyn thng, tnh gi an ninh v truy nhp c iu kin. Ngoi ra Middleware cn c chc nng qun l h thng v cc chc nng qun l khc.
2.2.2 Cc chun mng
H thng truyn hnh Internet da trn cc chun cng nghip c th lp t vo cc mng hin ang c mt cch d dng v nhanh chng cng nh vic qun l hiu qu hn trong thi gian di. Do cc chun c xu hng thay i theo thi gian nn l tng l dng mt gii php truyn hnh Internet c thit k theo mt trung gian hot ng vi bt k chun no ca ngnh vo mt thi im bt k.
2.2.3 Kh nng nng cp mng
Cc gii php truyn hnh Internet c kh nng nng cp bt kp nhng yu cu trong tng lai, kh nng nng cp c th c xc nh theo s thu bao, s lng (c th c nhiu lung/1 thu bao) v dung lng h thng hay s gi cung cp ni dung s p ng cc yu cu khc nhau. Cc phng php p ng yu cu nng cp mng truyn hnh Internet l mng tp trung, phn phi hay kt hp c hai. Vi cu trc tp trung, tt c ni dung c cha trong Streaming Server ti mt a im trung tm, cc lung d liu theo yu cu c truyn t trung tm n khch hng qua mng cp ng trc v mng truy nhp. Vi cu trc phn tn, ni dung c lu tr trong Streaming Server ti cc a im khc nhau, mi a im c chuyn mch ring, tt c cc a im c kt ni qua mng cp bng rng. Trong cu trc ny, cc lung tn hiu video t Content Creator c phn phi ti Streaming Server qua ton mng truyn hnh Internet, Switch Media trong mng c nhim v tm ra topo ca mng v kim sot v tr tng phn ca ni dung trong ton b h thng. Ni dung c sao li n mt a im khc theo yu cu da trn thut ton d tm.
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i vi h thng hn hp, ni dung c lu li trong cc Streaming Server, tt c cc a im c kt ni qua mng cp bng rng ngoi tr cc video server trong mng ch cha nhng ni dung chnh trong khi cc video server ti a im trung tm c vai tr nh mt my ch lu tr tt c ni dung. Cc lung video Content Creator c gi n my ch lu tr trung tm, sau ni dung c phn phi n tt c cc a im da trn thut ton d tm vi cu hnh hn hp, khch hng c phc v bi cc my server gn nht. Nu ni dung yu cu khng c trong server trong khu vc th s c chuyn t server lu tr trung tm. Mt vn ln i vi truyn hnh Internet l khch hng s khng chp nhn xem TV qua mng Internet nu cht lng ca n thp hn xem TV qua cp hay v tinh. Do , mng truyn hnh Internet phi c kh dng hon ho tuyt i, khng c tr ngi no trong hot ng ca cc dng d liu. Ngoi ra mng truyn hnh Internet cn phi bao gm vic m bo cht lng QOS trong ton b dch v v cc thit b truy nhp IP bng rng phi h tr QOS a hng v nng cp ln VDSL hay cc cng ngh c tc bt cao.
2.2.4 Trin khai lp t mng
C su phn ca h thng truyn hnh Internet tng tc vi nhau truyn pht cc chng trnh trc tip hoc thu trc, cc chng trnh theo yu cu hoc kt hp c hai loi. Tn hiu truyn hnh a trc tip vo Content Creator c m ho/ chuyn m thnh dng MPEG v gi n Streaming Server, v tip tc chuyn cc dng tn hiu n mng bng rng v lu vo trong cc thit b lu tr (nh cng). Mng IP bng rng pht cc lung tn hiu ny n thit b c s ca khch hng, cc thit b ny nhn tn hiu v gi chng n Set-Top-Box (STB). STB gii m cc tn hiu v pht li trn TV. Khi khch hng p ng li cc iu khin nh PVR ca truyn hnh Internet (nh khi nhn nt Pause) th dng tng tc s nh sau :
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TV Signal
Content Creator
Media Switch
Disk
Streaming Server Data
Broaban Network
Control Status Media Switch Set-Top-Box
Remote controller
TV
Hnh 4 : Dng tng tc gia cc b phn khi pht chng trnh video theo yu cu
Khch hng gi mt yu cu n STB qua iu khin t xa, STB s nhn yu cu v chuyn n n Switch Media xc nh Streaming Server vi Media c yu cu, hng yu cu n cc Streaming Server v iu khin hot ng ca cc thit b ny. Streaming p ng li cc yu cu bng cch ngng cung cp dng Streaming. Cc yu cu tip theo ca khch hng c gi trc tip n Streaming Server v c x l ti cho n khi mt thao tc chuyn tip n mt a im truyn hnh trc tip c thc hin hay khch hng chuyn qua knh khc. Khch hng la chn xem mt ni dung lu, STB nhn yu cu v gi n tr li Switch Media, Switch Media xc nh Streaming Server vi ni dung c yu cu v gi yu cu n Streaming Server , ng thi phi hp cc thao tc, n s p ng li yu cu gi l ni dung c lu v gi n mng bng rng ni ni dung c truyn n khch hng, cc yu cu tip theo ca khch hng c gi trc tip n Streaming Server v c p ng ti cho n khi khch hng chuyn sang chng trnh khc. 2.2.5 Chi ph
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u t ln vo c s h tng h thng l mt kh khn cho vic a dch v vo khai thc v ph thuc vo cng ngh mi. cnh tranh vi cc dch v truyn hnh khc, iu bt buc cc dch v truyn hnh Internet phi c chi ph trin khai lp t v qun l thp. S la chn cc cng ngh bng rng cng nh hng n chi ph lp t. V nh gii php IP DSLAM mi c gi thp do phi loi b lp gia ATM c chi ph cao, nn gim chi ph cung cp dch v n tng thu bao v gim thi gian hon vn. Ngoi ra vi vic s dng ng dy in thoi c sn kt hp vi cng ngh ADSL s lm gim chi ph u t v tng c dung lng ti chng trnh.
2.2 Cng ngh truyn hnh Internet
Di gc cng ngh, c th coi cc dch v truyn hnh Internet nh s pht trin mc cao ca truyn thng Internet (cn gi l Webcasting) v l bc pht trin tip theo, ni tip cng ngh Web trong hai thp k trc y, mt cng ngh c kh nng a thng tin ln phm vi ton cu trn World Wide Web n ngi s dng Internet mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu kinh t cao nht. iu khc bit ch yu ca cng ngh truyn hnh Internet so vi cng ngh Web trc y l thng tin truyn i khng cn ch c th hin di dng vn bn hay ho na, m di dng video nh ng thi gian thc vi cht lng chp nhn c. Cng ngh ny cn c gi di mt s tn khc nh Video Streaming, WebstreamingNi khc i, y l s kt hp gia cng ngh Web thng thng v cng ngh Streaming. Khc vi vic download s dng trong k thut web thng thng i hi lu cha y d liu di dng cc file trong cng my tnh trc khi hin th, Streaming l cng ngh cho php gi lin tc tn hiu mang cc d liu nh ng thng qua Internet vi phn mm c bit, gip my tnh gii m tn hiu ngay khi n c nhn v hin th d liu gn nh ngay lp tc khi c truyn n theo trt t chnh xc.
Vic a chng trnh truyn hnh qua mng Internet n ngi xem c thc hin qua cc giai on to chng trnh, truyn dn phn phi v hin th chng trnh ti cc thit b hin th ca ngi xem.
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Truyn hnh trc tip
Server qun l User Internet :Unicast Multicast Simulcast
Streaming Server
`
Truyn hnh theo yu cu User
Webserver
To chng trnh
Truyn dn v phn phi
Hin th
Hnh 5 : To v phn phi chng trnh truyn hnh n ngi xem qua mng Internet
2.2.1 To chng trnh truyn hnh
Hai k thut Webstreaming c s dng trong giai on ny l k thut OnDemand (Truyn hnh theo yu cu) v k thut Live Streaming (Truyn hnh trc tip)
2.2.1.1 Truyn hnh theo yu cu
C hai k thut c s dng l :
Download v my xem : cc file nn s c ti v my tnh ngi dng v mt phn mm s c s dng hin th ni dung (phng php ny c gi l k thut Streaming HTTP). Hin th ni dung thi gian thc : s dng streaming thi gian thc (real time streaming) truyn thng ni dung trc tip t mt server c chn bi
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ngi s dng, gip h c th xem ni dung tc thi. Vi k thut ny khng c file no c lu tr hay nh trong qu trnh Streaming. Do ngi dng khng th lu tr, copy hay truyn pht li ni dung v dng d liu streaming khng chy vo a ca my tnh v d liu b loi b sau khi hin th, nn c th hn ch c vic sao chp bt hp php ni dung truyn pht trn mng
Mt trong cc yu cu k thut quan trng nht i vi h thng truyn hnh theo yu cu l kh nng trnh duyt, tm kim nhanh cc on video, gip ngi xem tm thy cc thng tin lin quan n cc chng trnh m h quan tm v gip h ng nhp trc tip n a ch lu tr cc chng trnh ny. iu ny to iu kin cho ngi xem tip cn li cc thng tin (ni dung chng trnh) tri qua hay b b l khng xem. Thm vo , trn c s danh sch cc ni dung truyn thng c thng bo di dng danh mc cc chng trnh, cc khn gi cng c th la chn xem ni dung g v xem vo thi im no thch hp nht. iu ny lm tng hiu qu ca cc chng trnh truyn hnh, tng gi tr gia tng ca cc ni dung truyn thng trong mt thi gian di hn, v gim ti cho bng thng v trnh hin tng kt ni ng thi ca nhiu ngi xem vo cng mt chng trnh. Ngoi ra, vi vic b xung cc tnh nng khc nh tua nhanh, chm, phng php tng tc, chat rooms, dch v quay camera a phng, phng to hay thu nh nh.Truyn hnh tng tc s tr nn ngy cng hp dn hn i vi khn gi.
2.2.1.2 Truyn hnh trc tip trn mng
Truyn hnh trc tip trn mng l mt k thut Webcasting truyn d liu trn Internet m khng cn phi i cho n khi tt c file c ti v my tnh ca ngi dng. K thut ny i hi ng thi ba yu t sau :
Thit b m ho bin i tn hiu audio/video t tng t sang s v nn cc file s truyn trn mng Server cung cp cc dng d liu n ngi xem Thit b hin th m ngi s dng dng xem cc chng trnh truyn hnh
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to kh nng ghp audio v video vo cng mt dng truyn ti, cng ngh streaming s dng phn mm nn tn hiu truyn i, gii nn tn hiu hin th trn mn hnh ngi xem theo mt trt t chnh xc lin tc ngi xem c th xem ni dung hu nh tc thi. Bt c mt khong trng no (gi d liu b tht lc hay b li khng gii m c) trong dng d liu s lm cho hnh nh hay m thanh tr nn kh hiu. m bo s thnh cng ca qu trnh m ho, truyn ti, thu nhn, gii m v hin th li theo mt trt t chnh xc cn s dng cc server mnh, c tc x l cao vi y bng thng cn thit x l v cung cp cc dng truyn ti ni dung chng trnh.
2.2.2 Truyn dn v phn phi
Cc gii php k thut cho truyn thng Internet bao gm : IP Unicast : c s dng truyn d liu (hay gi d liu) t mt my pht n mt my thu n gin.
My trm
Mng
`
My trm
My ch
My trm
IP Broadcast : s dng gi d liu t mt my pht n ton b mng con Subnetwork.
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My trm
Mng con
`
My trm
My ch
My trm
IP Multicast : c dng cung cp d liu t mt my pht n mt nhm cc my thu c ci t theo mt cu hnh thng nht, cc thnh vin ca mt nhm ny c th thuc cc mng phn tn khc nhau.
` My trm
Mng con
Multcast Router
Mng con ` ` My ch My trm My trm
My trm
IP Simulcast : l mt gii php mang tnh cch mng mi c pht trin bi hng Pipe Dream Inc. Cng ngh mi ny bao gm giao thc truyn thng Internet IP Simulcast, cc thut ton nn video v audio mi cho php truyn pht d liu video v audio thi gian thc ti cc tc bt rt thp m vn m bo cht lng nh v m thanh kh cao, hnh nh c hin th trn ton b mn hnh.
2.2.3 Hin th
Trc y, s a dng ca cc thit b hin th l mt vn lm au u cc nh cung cp truyn thng a phng tin qua mng. Ngy nay, nhng thnh tu pht trin vt bc ca cng ngh thng tin, mng Internet v s ra i ca cc chun truyn thng trn nn tng truyn thng mng Internet TCP/IP, vn ny hu nh
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khng cn l tr ngi ng k na. Vi s ph cp ca Internet, s ra tng ca dung lng b nh, v tc x l ca cc chp tng nhanh, vn gii m v hin th cc truyn thng dng Multimedia trn Internet khng cn l c quyn ca cc thit b phn cng na.
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CHNG 3 : CC CNG NGH TRUYN THNG A PHNG TIN TRN MNG HIN NAY --------&&--------
3.1 Khi qut v mng Internet v m hnh TCP/IP
3.1.1 Mng Internet
3.1.1.1 Gii thiu v Internet
Nm 1995, vi s tham gia t vn ca ban lnh o Internet v hip hi IPR (hip hi quyn s hu tr tu); FNC (Federal Network Council) nht tr thng qua mt ngh quyt t nh ngha ln thut ng Internet. V Internet c hiu l h thng thng tin ton cu p ng cc yu cu : c ni vi nhau hp l bng mt khng gian a ch c o da trn giao thc IP. C th to iu kin cho cc my tnh giao tip vi nhau thng qua b giao thc TCP/IP. Cho php s dng, truy cp cc dch v cao cp c lu tr, trao i trn mng.
Tm li, mng Internet l mng ca cc mng my tnh, hot ng truyn thng tun theo b giao thc TCP/IP.
3.1.1.2 Cc ng dng ca Internet
Internet khng ch l mt mng kt ni ton cu m hn th na n l mng xng sng to c s cho vic truy cp n rt nhiu dch v khc. l mt cu trc
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kt ni rt a dng cc mng cng cng v cc mng ring. Kt ni ca ngi s dng n cc mng ny c th t do khng gii hn hoc cng c th ph thuc vo tng kt ni v mc tr tin cho tng kt ni . p ng nhp pht trin ca Internet, cc nh cung cp dch v cho ra i cc dch v gi tr gia tng nhm phc v cc i tng s dng Internet. Nhng hnh thc dch v ny kh mi m, nhng chng ta khng th ph nhn c tc dng ca chng nh mt cng c h tr c lc khng th thiu. Dch v ny lun c m rng, ci tin, nng cp, v ngy cng a dng phong ph nh : Video qua mng in thoi qua mng Hi ngh qua mng Fax qua mng Nhn tin Webhosting
3.1.2 M hnh TCP/IP
TCP/IP thc cht l tp giao thc cng lm vic vi nhau cung cp phng tin truyn thng lin mng. Nm 1981, m hnh TCP/IP version 4 c hon tt v c ph bin rng ri cho ton b my tnh s dng h iu hnh Unix. Sau Microsoft cng a TCP/IP tr thnh mt trong nhng giao thc cn bn ca h iu hnh Windows 9x . n nm 1994, mt phin bn mi IP version 6 ra i ci thin nhng hn ch ca IP version 4. Nu IPv4 ch s dng 32 bt a ch (chia thnh 4 vng - mi vng ng vi mt byte) th IPv6 s dng 128 bt a ch - tc l gp 4 ln s a ch ca IPv4. Nhng u im khc ca IPv6 l : Kh nng ci thin v nh tuyn hiu qu hn do c s dng cc mo u t hn. Mc d trng a ch di gp 4 ln nhng IPv6 Header ch ln hn IPv4 Header c 2 ln, do vic chnh sa cc tham s mo u (Header file) v nn chng hiu qu hn IPv4.
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C s h tr bo mt (IP security) c h tr tnh nng di ng C mc qun l cht lng dch v cao hn Nu trin khai IPv6 th cn mt lng thi gian kh ln cc nodes IPv4 v IPv6 cng tn ti v truyn tin. Yu cu t ra l phi c c ch chuyn i va mm do li va mnh c th chuyn i IPv4 thnh IPv6. Trn thc t, lc lng c trch k thut Internet (IETF) trin khai hng lot cc k thut lin kt IPv4 v IPv6, nhng k thut ny c th tm tt gm 3 loi sau : K thut ng hm : cc ng hm c th c s dng nh tuyn cc gi gia cc my ch IPv6 qua mng IPv4 bng cch chn thm phn mo u ca IPv4 vo gi IPv6. K thut chuyn dch : nhng b ghi dch c dng lin kt gia IPv4 v IPV6, cc b ghi dch - giao thc a ch mng (NAT-PT) v thut ton ghi dch khng trng thi IP/ICMP. K thut ngn xp : c IPv4 v IPv6 cng tn ti song song trn cng mt my ch. M hnh TCP/IP c chia ra lm 4 lp (layer) v c tng ng vi cc lp trong m hnh OSI 7 lp nh sau :
3.1.2.1 Giao thc mng IP
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IP (Internet Protocol) l giao thc kt ni khng lin kt. Chc nng ch yu ca IP l cung cp cc dch v Datagram v cc kh nng kt ni cc mng con thnh lin mng truyn d liu vi phng thc chuyn mch gi, thc hin tin trnh nh a ch v chn ng. IP Header c thm vo u cc gi tin v c giao thc tng di truyn theo dng khung d liu (frame). IP nh tuyn cc gi tin thng qua lin mng bng cch s dng cc bng nh tuyn ng tham chiu ti mi bc nhy. Xc nh tuyn c tin hnh bng cch tham kho thng tin thit b mng vt l v logic nh ARP (Address Revolution Protocol - giao thc phn gii a ch). Cc chc nng chnh l : nh ngha cu trc cc gi d liu l n v c s cho vic truyn d liu trn Internet nh ngha phng thc nh a ch IP Truyn d liu gia tng giao vn (transport) v tng mng (internet) nh tuyn chuyn cc gi d liu trong mng Thc hin vic phn mnh v hp nht cc gi d liu v nhng/tch chng trong cc gi d liu
3.1.2.2 Giao thc TCP
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) l giao thc kt ni lin kt, ngha l cn thit lp lin kt gia mt cp thc th TCP trc khi chng trao i d liu vi nhau. TCP cung cp kh nng truyn d liu mt cch an ton gia cc my trong h thng cc mng. Ngoi ra cn cung cp chc nng kim tra tnh chnh xc ca d liu khi n v truyn li d liu khi c li xy ra. Cc chc nng khc nh : Thit lp, duy tr, kt thc lin kt gia hai thc th Phn pht gi tin mt cch tin cy nh s th t cc gi d liu nhm truyn d liu mt cch tin cy Cho php iu khin li
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Cung cp kh nng a kt ni vi cc qu trnh khc nhau gia trm ngun v trm ch thng qua s dng cc cng Truyn d liu s dng c ch song cng
3.1.3 Gii thiu cng ngh ADSL
Cng ngh ADSL (Asymetric Digital Subscriber Line) c pht trin t u nhng nm 1990 khi xut hin nhu cu truy cp Internet tc cao, cc dch v trc tuyn, video theo yu cuADSL cung cp tc truyn dn khng i xng : t 16 - 640 Kbps vi lung ln v ti 8 Mbps vi ng xung (t tng i n khch hng) vi khong truyn ti a l 50 km. u im ca ADSL l cho php ngi s dng dng ng thi ng dy in thoi cho c hai loi dch v l thoi v s liu v ADSL truyn min tn s cao (20 Khz - 1 Mhz) nn khng nh hng ti tn hiu thoi. Cc b lc c t hai u mch vng tch tn hiu thoi v s liu theo hai hng khc nhau. Mch ADSL to nn ba knh thng tin i dy thu bao : mt knh tc cao t tng i ti thu bao, mt knh tc trung bnh hai chiu v mt knh thoi hoc mt knh N-ISDN. Modem ADSL tng thch vi truyn dn ATM, giao thc IP bng vic thay i tc truyn dn ph hp vi cc mu ca ATM, IP. Mt dng ADSL khc gi l ADSL.lite hay ADSL khng s dng b chia ti nh thu bao xut hin t nm 1998. K thut ny khng i hi b lc pha thu bao nn gi thnh thit b v chi ph lp t gim i gip cho tc trin khai Internet bng thng rng nhanh hn nhng tc lung ch cn 1,5 Mbps. Thng 7/2002 ITU-T ban hnh tiu chun u tin v ADSL2 trong khuyn ngh G.992.3 nhm ci tin tt c ng dng trn ADSL c v thoi v s liu :
ADSL2 h tr ch truyn dn ng b ST, ch truyn dn bt ng b ATM, ch truyn dn Packet v h tr thoi khng gi (thoi c a vo dng d liu ADSL2 khng cn qua b IAD). Mc tiu ca qun l ngun ADSL2 thc hin tit kim nng lng cho tnh nng always on ca ngun ADSL.
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ADSL2 thay i v di tn truyn dn theo hai chiu downstream v upstream vi s phn b mt ph cng sut thch hp trn cc di bng tn. Nh s ci thin ny m di ng dy cho mt tc c nh tng n 300m. ADSL2 cho php nhiu ng dy ADSL2 to thnh ng dy ADSL2 tc cao. Cc ng dy ADSL2 ghp c s dng thay th cho gii php VDSL vi c ly di hn nhng vi s i dy nhiu hn. ADSL2 s dng c ch thch ng tc SRA (Seamless Rate Adaption) cho php thay i tc d liu m khng b ngt qung, khng b rt mch, khng b nh hng ti t s sai bt.
3.2 Cc phng php truyn thng a phng tin
i vi cc ng dng truyn thng Internet cho truyn hnh, hnh thc phn phi d liu mt n nhiu im l cn thit, trong dng d liu cn c truyn i t mt my pht n nhiu my thu ng thi, nhng khng c php i n ton b mng con. V l do ny nn gii php IP Broadcast thng khng c s dng trong truyn hnh Internet. Cc ng dng truyn hnh Internet hin nay thng s dng phng php IP Unicast v IP Multicast v IP Simulcast, trong IP Multicast hin l gii php ph bin nht hin nay. Tuy nhin do cc u im hn hn ca mnh, gii php IP Simulcast c d bo s l cng ngh ch yu ca truyn hnh Internet trong vi nm sp ti.
3.2.1 IP Unicast Mt s ng dng truyn thng Internet cho truyn hnh giai on u s dng phng php truyn d liu IP Unicast. Trong trng hp ny, cc truyn ti theo dng c nh hng kt ni c s dng phn phi d liu n mi my thu mt cch ring l.
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D1 D1 D2 D3
Router
` D1 D2 D3
Router
D1 D2 D3
Router
D2 ` D3
Sender
Inter Network
Receiver
Hnh 6 : Gii php truyn thng IP Unicast
Cc ng dng ny hin cn mang nhiu hn ch v hin nay t c ng dng v nhng l do sau : Bng thng ca mng b lng ph Dch v khng th m rng phc v khi s lng my thu tng ln Khng th s dng trong cc thit b gii hn thi gian, do s cung cp n mi my thu phi theo trnh t xp hng.
3.2.2 IP Multicast
3.2.2.1 Truyn thng IP Multicast trn mng Internet
Phng php IP Multicast cng cho php truyn d liu t mt my pht sender n nhiu my thu, nhng khng ging nh IP Unicast, con s cc bn sao (copy) d liu ging nhau truyn i c gim mc ti thiu. Tt c cc my thu ca mt nhm multicast (lp mng D) c ci t cu hnh ging nhau. My pht sender truyn mt gi IP n mt a ch multicast v cho php gi chuyn tip mt bn copy ca gi d liu n my ch ca mi nhm. Nh vy con s cc bn copy di ra qu mc cn thit truyn n cc mng cp di (subnet) c gim thiu v IP Multicast c hiu qu hn IP Unicast, do tit kim c nhiu bng thng my ch server.
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Receiver 1
`
D1 Router Receiver 2 D D D
Receiver 3 D2
`
Receiver 4
Router
Router
Router
D3
Receiver 5
Sender
Inter Network
Receiver
Hnh 7 : Gii php truyn thng IP Multicast Giao thc c s dng trong truyn thng IP Multicast c thc hin ti cc Router mng, khng phi trong cc my ch Server. Cc Router mng t ng to ra mt bn copy ca mi gi multicast cho mi my thu. Vic nh tuyn trong truyn thng IP Multicast i hi cc Router c bit : cc router trung gian gia my pht sender v cc my thu receiver cn phi c kh nng IP Multicast. IP Multicast khng phi l mt phng thc truyn thng kt ni nh hng : my pht sender gi d liu n nhiu my thu thng qua giao thc gi d liu ngi dng UDP (User Datagram Protocol). UDP cng l mt giao thc thuc lp giao vn (Transport Layer) nh TCP. Nhng khc vi TCP, UDP l loi giao thc khng lin kt, khng i hi phi thit lp lin kt logic gia hai thit b trao i thng tin vi nhau, m cho php truyn s liu thng qua s hiu cng m khng cn thit lp mt phin kt ni logic. Kh nng ny cho php rt ngn c thi gian truyn s liu, nhng li khng m bo chc chn gi d liu c gi i s n ch. Nu mi li xut hin trong qu trnh truyn th gi d liu s b hu b. Vic phc hi cc gi d liu b mt s c thc hin thng qua cc yu cu phn hi n my pht sender (iu ny tt nhin s lm cho s truyn thng phc tp hn hnh trn v ny sinh yu cu bng thng mng cao hn). Trong nhiu trng hp, khi cc my thu nm trong cc mng con c ngn cch vi cc mng Internet bng cc bc tng la (fire wall), nhng bc tng la ny cn c c kh nng v c ci t cu hnh cho php cc dng IP Multicast i qua.
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Gi ng dng Multicast
Nhn ng dng Multicast
ng dng Multicast
Nhm giao thc UDP,IP,ICMP ,IGMP,TCP/IP
Cng ngun, cng n, a ch Mac gi v nhn
Nhm giao thc UDP ,IP,ICMP ,IGMP,TCP/IP
H iu hnh mng
H iu hnh mng
Giao din m ng
Giao din m ng
Internet
Mng con gi
Mng con nhn
Multicast Router
Hnh 8 : Mng truyn thng vi cc phn t c kh nng IP Multicast
c th thu c v hin th cc dng truyn thng IP Multicast cc my thu cn p ng cc yu cu sau : H tr truyn thng (truyn v nhn d liu) IP Multicast theo nhm giao thc TCP/IP Ci t phn mm h tr giao thc mng Internet IGMP gi cc yu cu hy b hay tham gia kt ni multicast n cc my thu multicast trong nhm. Card giao din mng c th lc mt cch hiu qu cc a ch lp kt ni d liu mng Lan c nh x t n a ch.
3.2.2.2 nh tuyn trong truyn thng IP Multicast
nh tuyn cc dng lu thng multicast l mt vn phc tp, v cc a ch multicast cn c nhn bit nh l a ch ca phin truyn d liu c bit, ch
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khng n thun ch l mt a im vt l cn gi d liu n. Mt s k thut mi c pht trin gii quyt c hiu qu vn nh tuyn dng lu thng multicast. Do con s my thu trong mt phin multicast ln, nn ngun pht khng cn thit phi bit r tt c cc a ch ny. Thay vo cc b nh tuyn mng cn phi c kh nng chuyn cc a ch multicast vo trong a ch chnh (host addresses). trnh lp li cc hot ng ny, mt thit b nh tuyn duy nht c chn lm b nh tuyn chnh (designated router) cho mi mng, v t thit b nh tuyn chnh ny s to ra mt cu trc m rng hnh cy kt ni tt c cc thnh vin ca mt nhm IP Multicast
Multcast Router1
Multcast Router1
(a) : Mng con subnet
(b) : Cu trc hnh cy m rng bt ngun t MR1
Hnh 9 : Cu trc hnh cy m rng trong IP Multicast
Mt cu trc m rng dng cy ch c kt ni vi phm vi va sao cho ch c mt ng kt ni duy nht gia tng cp router. Tu theo tnh hnh mt phn b cc my thu trn mng, truyn thng IP Multicast s dng mt trong hai giao thc (v thut ton) nh tuyn sau : Giao thc nh tuyn mt cao (Dense-mode routing protocol) : c s dng khi cc thnh vin nhm Multicast c phn b dy c trn ton mng. N to ra s lu thng trn ngp trn mng trong tng giai on cc d liu multicast trin khai v duy tr cu trc hnh cy m rng.
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Giao thc nh tuyn mt thp (Sparse-mode routing protocol) : c s dng khi cc thnh vin nhm multicast phn b tha tht trn mng, cn s dng cc k thut chn lc hn t chc v duy tr cu trc multicast dng cy. Trong trng hp ny nu lu thng trn ngp cc d liu multicast trn mng s gy lng ph bng thng v c th gy ra nhng vn nghim trng trong vn hnh mng.
3 2 Router Video Server
Router 1 5
Video Stream Multicast Router
`
Client
Switch
Hnh 10 : ng nhp v nhn dng video qua Internet Nhn chung, d phng thc truyn thng IP Multicast cho php phn phi d liu t mt n nhiu im hiu qu hn IP Unicast rt nhiu, nhng vn tn ti mt s vn cha gii quyt c nh : Cc b nh tuyn trung gian cn phi c kh nng Multicast Tnh nng v vn cu hnh li (reconfiguration) cc tng la trong cc mng con Vn tin cy v kh nng kim sot li trong truyn d liu Cc yu cu lin quan n cc my thu, cn c card mng v phn mm c bit h tr IP Multicast
3.2.3 Truyn thng IP Simulcast
3.2.3.1 Nguyn l truyn thng IP Simulcast
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IP Simulcast l mt gii php mi truyn d liu trn Internet t mt my pht sender ng thi n nhiu my thu. N c nhng u im c bn so vi IP Unicast v IP Multicast, gii quyt c nhng hn ch ca IP Multicast. IP Simulcast s dng m hnh truyn thng mi, gi l m hnh my ch - pht li (repeater-server model). Trong m hnh ny, my ch server s qun l v kim sot s kt ni ln nhau gia cc my pht repeaters. Vi k thut ny my ch server ging nh mt my ch server thng thng, nhng cc my pht li repeater (my thu) c b xung thm tnh nng ca my ch ngoi nhng tnh nng my khch thng thng. iu ny c ngha l mi my thu khng ch hin th dng d liu cho ngi xem, m cn truyn pht li dng d liu n hai my khch client khc ng sau n.
My ch
My tr m 1
My trm 2
My trm 3
My trm 4
My trm 5
My trm 6
My trm 7
My trm 8
My trm 9
My trm 10
My trm 11
My trm 12
My trm 13
My trm 14
Hnh 11: Thp truyn thng IP Simulcast So vi IP Multicast, IP Simulcast gip lm gim bt s server (my pht sender) cn thit bng vic phn ti cho mi my thu receiver (khch hng). Mi my thu tr thnh mt my pht li repeater, truyn i tip ni dung m n nhn c n
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hai my thu pha sau (child receiver), to thnh mt m hnh truyn thng hnh thp (Broadcast pyramid). Phng php ny s lm gim mt cch ng k bng thng server cn thit trn mng, do my ch server ch cn gi mt bn copy d liu, sau d liu li c copy li v chuyn tip bi my thu ng ngay sau n. Do khng cn cc chi ph phc v dch v d phng m bo bng thng c nh cho cc my thu (trong trng hp ny cng ng thi l my pht), nn chi ph cho truyn thng IP Simulcast thp hn trong trng hp IP Multicast. Hn na IP Simulcast cng khng yu cu thm bt c thit b mng c bit no (nh cc b nh tuyn Router) trin khai cc dch v truyn thng nh trong IP Multicast. S my thu trong thp truyn thng tng theo biu hnh cy nh phn, nu thp c 1 tng th c 2 khch hng, nu c 2 tng th s c 6 khch hng v nu c n tng th s c 2n(n-1)+2 khch hng. Cc my thu/pht li (repeater/receiver) thc hin cc chc nng my trm thng thng, bao gm sa li v pht hin mt kt ni. IP Simulcast cho php thc hin vic truyn pht cc gi d liu c m bo. y l kh nng m k thut IP Multicast khng th p ng c v do vy cc dch v s dng k thut ny kh c kh nng sa li. Cc gi tin b mt s b b qua, hay cn b sung bng thng server thc hin cc yu cu sa li. iu ny lm chi ph bng thng server tng cao. Nh vy, c th thy im c bit ca truyn thng IP Simulcast nm trong mi quan h gia cc chc nng server, my pht li v my khch. Cc chc nng ny c thc hin hon ton trn cc thit b u cui (my ch server, my khch client) v khng ph thuc vo kh nng ca cc thit b mng Internet, trong cc server ch thc hin hai chc nng c bn l : Truyn pht dng truyn thng To cc kt ni, cc lin kt lm nhim v pht li/my thu (repeater/receivers) v duy tr truyn thng IP Simulcast Cc my khch lm nhim v pht li bao gm hai modul chc nng : Modul pht chuyn tip (Repeater-client) thu nhn dng d liu truyn thng v pht li mt cch tng tc dng d liu ny cho my khch client ng sau n. Ngoi ra, n cn thc hin cc chc nng my khch client truyn thng bao gm : kt ni, thu nhn d liu, qun l b nh trung gian buffer, gii nn cc d liu, sa li, hin th v pht hin tn tht kt ni.
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Modul pht sa li (Repeater-sender) pht li (rebroadcast) d liu p ng yu cu sa li t cc my khch m n nhn c. N cng thc hin chc nng pht i cc yu cu sa li trong cc chng trnh m n thu c.
3.2.3.2 Phng thc hot ng truyn thng IP Simulcast
Trong thp truyn thng IP Simulcast, m bo d liu truyn i c thu nhn mt cch y v chnh xc, cc yu cu truyn pht li gi d liu tht lc hay b li c thc hin thng qua cc ng cung cp ph secondary feeds (cc ng chm chm trn hnh 12)
My ch
My trm repeater
My trm repeater
My trm repeater
My trm repeater
My trm repeater
My trm repeater
Hnh 12 : Mi quan h my ch-my pht li. Yu cu truyn li cc gi d liu phc v sa li c thc hin thng qua cc ng cung cp ph
Trong thp truyn thng, my ch server c cc chc nng sau : S ho chng trnh ngun : mt chng trnh ngun thng bao gm c audio v video tng t. Cc chng trnh ny c s ho v chuyn thnh cc dng d liu theo trnh t thi gian.
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ng b cc ngun d liu chng trnh c s ho, cc dng d liu theo trnh t thi gian c th n t cc ngun khc nhau : s ho cc ngun tng t, d liu c nn v lu trong a, d liu s t cc chng trnh ang pht, cc chng trnh bn quyn hay t cc ngun khc. Cc chng trnh ngun c th c x l, c ng b khc vi cc on chng trnh qung co, lp k hoch pht sngNhng ngun khc nhau ca cc dng d liu s cn phi c ng b v nh du thi gian pht li sau ny. Nn ngun : mi dng d liu ngun di dng s thi gian thc c th c nn gim kch thc v thi gian truyn pht. y l qu trnh cn bng gia nhiu yu t bao gm t s nn, cht lng thu, phc tp nn v gii nn, kh nng thch nghi tu theo cc cp bng thng mng sn c, chng nhiu. Tp hp (trn) cc chng trnh ngun c nn vo cc gi d liu truyn pht. Truyn pht s dng giao thc IP l cng ngh truyn pht trn c s k thut gi d liu. D liu s c tp hp v ng gi vo cc gi IP truyn pht. Cc d liu nn c th hin bng nhiu s ng gi khc nhau thch nghi vi cc tc truyn ti khc nhau, cng nh nng lc x l khc nhau ca tng my PC. Cc s ng gi ny li c s dng cung cp dng d liu cho cc my khch client ng sau n c th tip tc pht li. Truyn pht cc gi d liu ca ngun chng trnh c nn. Kt ni cc my trm client c chc nng pht li. Vic xc lp cc ng cung cp ph cho cc my trm client c yu cu nhn d liu b sung sa li c thc hin nh sau : khi c mt my trm client gi mt yu cu n server ngh c sa li. Server s ch nh mt my trm client thch hp ang hot ng gn nht lm ngun v gi d liu phc v sa li cho my trm c yu cu thng qua ng cung cp ph c thit lp gia hai my ny. Kt ni thng tin thng k, server kim sot vic to dng v hu b kt ni.
Nhm modul pht chuyn tip trong cc my trm client ca m hnh thp truyn thng thc hin cc chc nng : Thit lp cc kt ni : khi my trm client gi mt yu cu kt ni n my ch, my ch s thit lp mt kt ni ring cho my trm ny.
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Kt ni li : khi mt kt ni b gin on, my trm s a ra yu cu v thc hin kt ni li theo s ch o ca my ch. Lu gi cc gi d liu : cc gi d liu nhn c cn c phn on v ct gi phc v cho vic xc nh cc gi d liu b tht lc. a ra cc yu cu pht li sa li : cc yu cu ny c gi n my ch thit lp ng cung cp ph phc v cho vic truyn pht li cc gi d liu b tht lc. Khc phc s c : trong trng hp mt gi d liu b hng khng th sa c, my tram client cn thc hin mt s ng tc tnh th nh : hin th trng (play silence), pht li hnh nh c, gim cp cht lng... Gii nn dng d liu nhn c. Hin th dng d liu c gii nn cho khn gi xem chng trnh. ng b vi my ch : tc hin th trn my trm cn c lm ng b (ph hp) vi tc thu pht ca my ch hay my trm ng trc lm nhim v pht chuyn tip trnh hin tng qu ti bng thng mng hay s trng rng ca b nh m trong my trm. Cc my trm cn c kh nng thch nghi vi nhng sai khc nh v tc truyn pht thuc phm vi cho php.
Modul pht li phc v sa li trong my trm thuc m hnh trn thc hin cc chc nng : Truyn pht cc gi d liu c nn truyn t ngun, c hai ng cung cp chnh v ph u c h tr bi chc nng ny, mi ng u c kh nng nhn v truyn pht li nh chc nng ny ca my trm thu nhn dng d liu ny. Truyn pht li cc gi d liu b li cho cc my trm ng sau thng qua ng cung cp ph
Dng truyn thng c phn chia thnh cc dng nh v c truyn pht ln lt thng qua cc modul pht chuyn tip trong cc my trm c b tr theo s dng cy nh phn (hai nhnh). Cc dng chia nh ny s c kt hp li trong
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mt dng duy nht ti mt modul pht chuyn tip no , gi l superposition ca cy nh phn ny. Chui cc superposition trong ton h thng s to thnh mt ng trc truyn thng duy nht c trng cho qu trnh truyn pht d liu trong ton h thng. V tr ca cc superposition s c chn sao cho ng trc truyn thng s chia u ( mc c th) cc tng (stages) ca cu trc hnh cy thnh hai na bng nhau. Cch b tr cc superposition ny s m bo rng khng modul repeater no khng nhn c d liu ngay c khi c mt modul repeater cung cp d liu ng trc n b hng. Trong qu trnh thu nhn d liu, cc modul chuyn tip s tp hp cc gi d liu trong mt b nh m buffer, b nh m c s dng b tr cc gi d liu. Sau khi cc hin tng tr bao gm tr Error Delay v Jitter Delay (tr li v tr giao ng) c khc phc, cc gi d liu nhn c s c truyn pht tip tc n tng tip theo. Chc nng sa li trong truyn thng IP Simulcast bao gm 2 qu trnh khc nhau : sa li v truyn li d liu phc v sa li. Trn hnh 13 l s phn b thi gian cc gi d liu lu li trong vng m sa li v tip tc truyn i trong cc modul truyn pht repeaters.
Hin th Cc gi d liu thu nhn c Cc gi d liu hin th B nh m hin th
Giai on Jitter
Giai on sa li
Giai on pht chuyn tip Giai on Jitter + tr truyn sng
Cc gi d liu c chuyn i
Hnh 13 : Thi gian cc gi d liu lu li trong b nh m sa li v pht li
D liu hin th cho ngi xem c chuyn sang b nh m hin th (playback buffer) v qu trnh hin th c ng b vi tc thu nhn cc gi d
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liu trnh vic qu ti hay thiu b nh m hin th. Khi mt repeater (my trm client) no yu cu kt ni n my ch qun tr (server administrator) xin tham gia vo h thng ang truyn thng. Server administrator nhn bit yu cu v sp xp repeater ny vo th t kt ni v yu cu cc my trm client trong tng ng trc n cung cp d liu cho repeater ny. Khi mt my trm client mun ra khi h thng truyn thng n a ra yu cu kt thc kt ni cho my ch qun tr. Nu dy cc repeater ch i kt ni khng l rng, mt repeater s c la chn t dy ny, v thng bo v s thay i s c my ch a ra cho my b (m) ca my trm kt thc kt ni. Nu khng c repeater no ch i kt ni, my trm client hot ng lu nht tng tip s c la chn thay th. Cc s c hng hc ca cc my trm client trong h thng truyn thng s c thng bo v cho my ch qun tr nh cc my trm con ng ngay sau n.
3.2.3.3 m bo cht lng dch v s dng truyn dn IP Simulcast
m bo cht lng dch v trong truyn dn IP Simulcast cn c : Gim hiu ng tr dao ng Jitter Delay (thnh phn thi gian tr thay i) gim qu trnh b tr Jitter Buffering, qua gim thiu ln cn thit ca b nh m trong cc modul nhn/pht chuyn tip cng nh thi gian tr truyn pht trn mng. Gim thiu s lng gi d liu b tn tht.
Gi thit rng dng d liu lu thng c truyn n tt c cc nt ca cu trc truyn thng hnh cy nh phn. Cc gi d liu ging nhau v kch thc v thi gian truyn cn thit trn mng t. Tc truyn l p gi d liu trn mt giy (p/s). Thi gian truyn t mt nt bt k n nt k tip c gi tr trung bnh l T v gi tr ny nh nhau i vi mi cp nt. Thi gian n thc t ca gi d liu JT (JT T). Tc d liu c truyn n ch (s lng cc gi d liu i n ch trong mt giy) khi s tun theo quy lut phn b Poisson
p = 1/T
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Hm phn b (mt ) xc sut JT c th c tnh nh sau :
fT(t) = pe-pt
Xc sut thi gian truyn nm trong khong (to , t1) khi l :
t1 T +
P [t0 < t < t1] = T - T +

t0
pe
+
T
pt
dt
Li truyn pht c tnh trn c s s lng cc gi d liu b tht lc pd sinh ra trong thi gian 1 giy ti mt chu k truyn pht ngu nhin no , cng tun theo quy lut phn b ri rc Poisson
pd = 1/ T
Hm mt xc xut (ngu nhin) xut hin li truyn pht khi c dng : fE (t) =
pd e pd t
3.2.3.3.1 Qu trnh b tr Jitter (Jitter Buffering)
Qu trnh b tr Jitter trong b m Jitter Buffering c s dng lm hiu ng tr dao ng (thi gian tr thay i). Cc b m Jitter Buffer cn c chn ln m bo rng qu thi gian ch i nht nh, chc chn khng cn gi tin no c chuyn n na v nhng gi d liu cn thiu chc chn b tht lc, khng phi do hin tng tr thng thng. Mc xc nh tr mong mun P[t < I] tc l s lng gi d liu P c khong thi gian t i n nt k tip khng vt qu khong thi gian cn i trong b nh m Jitter Buffer I (ngha l sau khong thi gian I gi d liu no cha t n nt nhn k tip th chc chn rng gi tin b tht lc do li) :
P[t < I] =
T c :
pe
0
pt
dt
I = -Tln(1- P[t < I]) = 1- e-pt
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Tr Jitter cng tng khi cc gi d liu c truyn xung cc tng di hnh thp. Mt hnh thp vi N nt s c n = log2(N) tng, v hm phn b mt xc xut cho tr Jitter ti tng th n s l :
fJn(t) = npe-npt
Nu thi gian b tr Jitter cn thit ti tng th n l In, tng thi gian b tr Jitter I cn thit truyn nhn c P gi d liu i n tng cui trong cu trc hnh cy nh phn n tng (tc s lng cc gi tin c thi gian n t < In ti mi tng - vit tt P[t < In] ) l :
I = -Tln(1- P[t < In])

Kch thc cn thit ca b m Jitter Buffer (thi gian b tr I) tng tuyn tnh vi chiu su ca cu trc hnh cy, nh c th hin trn hnh
Tr Jitter u c cng dn qua cc tng
Kch thuc b nh I
Tr Jitter khng uc cng dn sau mi tng
4 n S tng N
Hnh 14 : Kch thc b nh m Jitter Buffer l mt hm ca s tng trong cu trc hnh cy
Gi thit rng s truyn pht cc gi d liu n tng k tip c thc hin sau khi qu trnh m Jitter hon thnh tng truyn pht tip, ngha l thnh phn tr Jitter c loi b ti mi tng nh b m tr (Buffered delay) trong qu trnh pht chuyn tip. Nu mc xc nh tr Jitter mong mun ti tng th n l C :
C = P[t < I]n = (1 e-pt)n

Th gii phng trnh trn tm I ta s c :
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I = -Tln(1- n C )
R rng trong trng hp ny thi gian m buffering (tc kch thc b m) cn thit ch tng nh theo chiu su cc tng ca cu trc dng cy, nh c th hin trn hnh 14.
3.2.3.3.2 Qu trnh b tr sa li Retry Buffering
B tr sa li c a vo nhm gim thiu s lng gi d liu b tn tht. Cc gi d liu b tht lc s c khi phc li sau khi modul thu gi n cho modul truyn pht tng trc yu cu truyn pht li (retry commands) thng qua cc ng cung cp ph secondary feeds. Hot ng ny c thc hin sau giai on b tr Jitter Buffer, v vic gi cc gi d liu b tht lc c nhn li sau mt khong thi gian truyn pht kh hi cng vi thi gian b tr Jitter. Qu trnh ny c lp li cho n khi t c chnh xc truyn pht d liu mong mun. Gi s khong thi gian tr sa li trong b nh m mong mun l B, mc xc nh tr mong mun P[t < nB] trong thp truyn thng n tng s l :
B t P[t < nB] = E e E dt = 1 e 0

Gii phng trnh i vi n ta c :
E nB
n = - ln(1 - P[t < nB])/EB

Chng ta c th kt lun rng cc li truyn pht tch lu ti mi tng ca thp truyn thng, nhng s tch lu ti mi tng li ph thuc th cp (second- order) vo tng trc . Xc xut mt gi d liu khng c nhn ti tng u tin sau m ln pht li sa li (retry period) l :
m T T E t 2 t P[t < T] = E e dt 2 E e E dt 2 0 0
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Trong cng thc trn h s 2 c a vo tnh cc li trong qu trnh truyn pht yu cu sa li (retry request). Xc xut mt gi d liu khng nhn c ti tng th n khi l :
T m T n Et n E e dt (n +1) E e(n+1)Et dt P[t < T] = 0 2 0
][1e 1 = [ e
nET
(n+1)ET m1
] [1e ]
nET m
Gii phng trnh vi nghim m ta c :
m=
ln(P[t,T ]) ln( en ET ) 1
Hnh v sau th hin t l tht lc ca cc gi d liu l mt hm s ca s tng trong thp truyn thng IP Simulcast vi s ln pht li sa li khc nhau t (0 n 4). T l tht lc gi d liu h thng trong th nghim l 25%, c ngha l ti tng u tin 75% gi d liu s c nhn chnh xc v 25% s b tht lc do cc li truyn pht.
0
0
0.2
T l tht lc 0.4 0.6
0.8
7 8 S tng
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Hnh 15 : T l gi d liu b tht lc l mt hm s ca s tng trong thp truyn thng
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Nh trn hnh, khi lp li sa li nhiu ln, s t c chnh xc kh cao, v trong trng hp lp li 4 ln th t l gi d liu b tht lc ti cc tng su trong thp truyn thng tng rt chm.
3.2.3.3.3 u, nhc im ca truyn thng IP Simulcast trn mng Internet
So vi cc gii php truyn thng trn mng Internet ph bin hin nay nh IP Unicast v IP Multicast, gii php IP Simulcast cho mt s u im hn hn nh :
Chi ph u t thp hn nhiu so vi cc gii php khc do khng c yu cu c bit lin quan n cc my ch server, thit b mng ni ring v h tng k thut mng ni chung. linh hot h thng tt hn, cho php xy dng mt gii php mng tng th vi kh nng nng cp v m rng h thng trong mt thi gian di. Kh nng truyn thng ca IP Simulcast khng ph thuc nhiu vo gii php vt l, mi trng truyn thng, nhiu kt ni, hay nh cung cp dch v mng Cht lng dch v kh cao : cho n nay IP Simulcast l gii php duy nht c thit k truyn thng video trc tuyn trong mi trng Internet, cho php sa li v kim sot cht lng thu ngay trong qu trnh hot ng thi gian thc m khng cn thm bt c chi ph b sung bng thng no. y l iu m nhng gii php truyn thng video thi gian thc trn mng ph bin hin nay khng p ng c. Hn ch duy nht ca IP Simulcast l yu cu tng i cao v cu hnh my trm (ti thiu l b x l Pentium III, Ram 256 Mb, Hard disk 20 GB). Tuy nhin vi s pht trin ca cng nghip phn cng hin nay cu hnh nay khng l vn kh gii quyt (c di gc kinh t v k thut).
Tm li, IP Simulcast l k thut tin tin hin nay truyn thng d liu thi gian thc trn Internet. Gii php ny cho php a tin mt cch nhanh chng, c hiu qu cc s kin ln trn mng Internet m khng cn chi ph u t b xung cho server v bng thng mng. Con s cc my trm kt ni Internet c phc v bi dch v truyn thng IP Simulcast hu nh khng b hn ch. Cng vi cc k thut nn video tin tin nh MPEG-4, IP Simulcast ang ha hn s cung cp mt gii
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php hp dn cho cc ng dng truyn thng video thi gian thc trn mng Internet v nhiu ng dng khc trn phm vi ton th gii.
3.2.4 Mt s giao thc, ngn ng v chun k thut s dng trong truyn thng a phng tin trn mng Internet
Giao thc l mt tp cc tiu chun trao i thng tin gia hai h thng my tnh vi nhau, cc chun ny c s dng v chi phi qu trnh truyn thng trn mng. Tt c cc my tnh c lin quan n mt qu trnh truyn thng u phi c ci t v tun th cng nhng tiu chun nh nhau trnh sai li. Internet l mt tp hp cc mng my tnh c ni kt v truyn thng vi nhau trn c s giao thc chung TCP/IP. Cc chng trnh truyn hnh trc tuyn trn mng Internet s hin th cho ngi xem trn nhng my tnh v cc thit b hin th khc nhau, c ni Internet qua cc mng con khc nhau. V vy cc giao thc v chun k thut s dng cho truyn thng truyn hnh trc tuyn cn phi c chp nhn v c kh nng truyn thng trn tt c cc thit b v mng ny. Mt s giao thc v chun k thut ang c s dng ph bin trong truyn hnh trc tuyn Internet l :
3.2.4.1 Giao thc dnh ring ti nguyn mng RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol)
RSVP l giao thc dnh ring ti nguyn trn mng Internet, c pht trin bi t chc tiu chun mng quc t IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) nhm nng cao cht lng cc dch v truyn thng trn h tng Internet hin ti. RSVP cho php truyn pht d liu trn mng theo mt trnh t thi gian chnh xc (thi gian thc) trn c s duy tr mt quan h thi gian vi ng h ch clock, xc nh dung sai cho php ca tc bit (bit rate), tr (Jitter) v t l li bit BER. RSVP c kh nng yu cu cc thit b nh tuyn Router dnh ring bng thng nht nh cho cc lung lu thng c bit (truyn hnh trc tuyn ) gia cc mng kt ni, qua xc nh trc v m bo cht lng ti thiu ca dch v v to iu kin s dng bng thng
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mt cch hiu qu nht. y l iu khng th thc hin c i vi giao thc mng Internet thng thng TCP/IP. V thc cht, RSVP ch hot ng theo nguyn tc iu khin v pht tn hiu ch khng trc tip nh tuyn : khi bt u mt dch v truyn thng my ch (ngun d liu) s a ra mt lnh Path t cc Router ny qua cc Router khc (c tnh nng h tr giao thc RSVP) ti mt hay nhiu a ch ch. Lnh Path bao gm mt nh danh lung xc nh phin ni kt RSVP, a ra yu cu v loi lung d liu v rng bng thng cn thit. Nu mt b nh tuyn dc trn l trnh i qua khng p ng c yu cu, n s phi tm kim l trnh khc cho lnh Path i qua. Khi lnh Path i qua, nu Router ng ra nhp phin ni kt, chng s nhp v thi hnh cc yu cu cha trong lnh Path ny, sau gi tr v my ch mt lnh Resv theo tuyn ng c. trnh vic ngi dng chim ot bng thng cho ring h, cn ci t cc chc nng kim sot bng thng v quyn u tin m ngi dng c trn mng. Cc Router nh tuyn s kim tra tnh trng bng thng v quyn u tin ny khi c mt lnh Path c gi n. Vic dnh ring ti nguyn trn mng Internet phi tr chi ph b xung bi nh cung cp dch v Internet.
3.2.4.2 Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) v giao thc kim sot thi gian thc RTCP (Real-time Control Protocol)
Internet l mng truyn thng khng m bo, tc l khng chc chn 100% gi d liu s gi n ch. RTP l mt giao thc to kh nng ng b v sa li nhm khc phc vn tn tht v tr d liu. RTP cng xc nh mt nh dng cho vic m ho audio v video thc y s lin lc gia cc nn chun my tnh, cc h thng vn hnh, cc sn phm phn mm ng dng khc nhau. Nh cc trng d liu c bit c ng du thi gian v c cha cc thng tin v trnh t phn on d liu, cc my tnh thu d liu c th s dng trng ny ti to cc c tnh thi gian ca dng d liu. Nh qui nh thng nht cch thc truyn d liu a phng tin thi gian thc t my ny sang my khc trn mng nn giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc RTP c kh nng x l cc dng d liu lin tc, m phng phn b tng tc, cc chng trnh ng dng iu khin. Giao thc ny c ng dng kh ph bin
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trong cc dch v nh nhn bit loi thanh ton, nh s th t, nh du thi gian, v gim st vic truyn d liu Mt giao thc khc lin quan n RTP l giao thc kim sot thi gian thc RTCP. y l giao thc kim sot trng thi ca dng truyn thng thi gian thc. Bng vic s dng RTCP, cc bo co thu v pht c truyn i lin tc trong sut thi gian truyn thng sao cho cc ng dng giao thc RTP c th thu c cc bo co RTCP v vic d liu RTP hin ang c cung cp nh th no. C hai giao thc trn c a ra bi IETF.
3.2.4.3 Giao thc truyn a dng tin cy cao RMP (Reliable Multicast Protocols)
c thit k bi IETF nhm m bo s cung cp s ton vn 100% d liu trn mt mng khi cn thit. Khi truyn cc chng trnh truyn hnh hay video, do nhy ca mt ngi v tai con ngi c gii hn, nn chng ta khng cn s truyn hon ho d liu v c th b qua nhng tn tht nh khng quan trng, cng nh s can nhiu trong cc hnh nh v m thanh. Nhng truyn cc c s d liu chun hay cc phn mm, th khng c php c bt k tn tht d liu no. Trong trng hp cn s dng giao thc truyn a dng tin cy cao RMP trong truyn thng trn mng Internet.
3.2.4.4 Ngn ng nh du m rng XML (Extansible Markup Language)
XML l nh dng file di dng text c c, c W3C pht trin t ngn ng HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). XML c thit k thc hin lu tr, pht hnh d liu trn cc Website mt cch d dng v linh hot hn nhiu so vi HTML, cho php ngi thit k Web nh ngha r ni dung ca d liu bng cch to ui m rng theo mnh. XML cho php s dng ngn ng nh du tng qut chun SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) trn web, v cho php xc nh, nhn dng v s dng cu trc, loi v ni dung ti liu. XML c th ch nh cho tng thit b u cui th hin hay khng th hin ni dung, hay ch th hin phn no ca ni dung, n thm ch c th trnh by ni dung trong mi trng truyn
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thng khc (nh audio thay cho text) v h tr kt ni cc c s d liu, truyn v hin th cc thng tin / thng bo di dng vn bn text trc tip. Trong ng dng truyn hnh Internet, s phn tch v x l cc file XML c th bt u ngay khi cc phn u tin c thu bi my thu thay cho vic phi i n lc thu c y file c pht i. S phn tch c php ca cu trc file XML c thc hin song song ngay lp tc trong sut qu trnh thu. Cc thng tin c to ra kim sot ng dng bn ngoi. Nh vy vic lu tr tc th mt file XML nguyn th l khng cn thit v s hin th c th bt u ngay lp tc.
3.2.4.5 Ngn ng tch hp truyn thng a phng tin ng b SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language)
SMIL l kt qu ca D n truyn thng a phng tin ng b nhm thit lp chun k thut c kh nng ng b cc truyn thng d liu khc nhau (nh text, ho, audio, video) sao cho vic hin th ni dung truyn thng c thc hin theo mt phng thc kt hp, m bo tnh nng a truyn thng. D n c thc hin bi t hp cng nghip quc t W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). SMIL c kh nng trn ghp cc d liu truyn thng trong cc nh dng khc nhau, nh vy c th tch hp cc truyn thng trong cng mt frame v ng b chng trong mt chng trnh. Kh nng ny to thun li cho cc nh thit k web thit k v b xung cc chng trnh truyn thng khc nhau ln cng mt Website. SMIL c xy dng trn c s ngn ng XML.
3.2.4.6 Giao thc dng d liu thi gian thc RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol)
RTSP l giao thc mc ng dng kim sot vic cung cp v lu tr ni dung ca cc d liu c c tnh thi gian thc trn Internet v Intranet, RTSP c pht trin bi Real Networks, Netscape, Columbia University v c IETF chun ho. RTSP c th truyn m thanh v hnh nh trc tip hay c thu t trc. Cho
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php tng tc hai chiu h tr cho IP Multicast vi chi ph truyn thng thp, an ton caoRTSP hin ang c trn cc nn my tnh ph bin hin nay.
3.2.4.7 nh dng dng tin tin ASF (Advanced Streaming Format)
ASF do Microsoft to ra xc nh nh dng lu tr i vi cc truyn thng theo dng (streaming media). ASF l nh dng file chun m trong ni dung multimedia s c lu tr, to dng v hin th nh cc cng c, cc my ch server, v cc my trm ca nh cung cp truyn thng a phng tin trong cng file chung, thay cho vic phi s dng cc file video, ho, text v audio ring bit.
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CHNG 4 : CC GII PHP CUNG CP CHNG TRNH VTV QUA MNG INTERNET --------&&--------
4.1 Xu th v nhng iu kin pht trin truyn hnh Internet
Trong thi gian gn y, nh nhng ci thin ng k v c s h tng v cng ngh truyn dn Internet, nh s hon thin khng ngng ca k thut nn v trnh din video trn mi trng mng. Truyn hnh Internet (Television Webcasting) c nhng bc tin ng k v ang dn tr thnh mt ngnh cng nghip gii tr, tuy tc pht trin vn cn mc khim tn hn so vi cc dch v mng khc nh Radio Internet. Cc nghin cu v truyn hnh v Internet cho thy, hu ht cc hng truyn hnh ln trn th gii u thit lp s hin din ca mnh trn mi trng mng thit lp cc mi lin h khch hng v thu thp tin tc t khn gi. Li nhun m cc hng thu c t cc dch v trn mng Internet l 76% t qung co, 24% t bn cc ni dung chng trnh v 19% t thng mi in t. Li dng u th ca mnh trong lnh vc truyn hnh, cc hng truyn hnh ln nh CNN, MSNBC v CBS News hin ang l nhng ngi ni ting nht trong lnh vc truyn pht qung b cc chng trnh truyn hnh trn Internet. Cc yu t quan trng thc y s pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip ny l mi trng php lut minh bch, t do - c bit l lut v bn quyn, s pht trin ca h tng k thut Internet bng rng v cng ngh nn video. Nhn chung trn th gii hin nay, truyn hnh Internet vn ang l mt ngnh cng nghip trong giai on trng nc, ang bc nhng bc u tin trn con ng chinh phc khn gi. Vi li th sn c v ni dung l cc chng trnh truyn hnh, trn c s cc tim nng to ln bt ngun t kh nng :
Cho php ngi dng tng tc, trao i thng tin vi nhau trn phm vi ton cu, tc thi v d s dng. Kh nng qun l tng ngi s dng thng qua a ch IP (ging nh cc a ch c tr c ng k theo s nh) thit lp nn mt th trng dich v truyn hnh gii tr trong mt th gii o rng ln.
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Mi trng truyn dn Internet bng rng c mt sc hp dn rt ln i vi cc hng truyn hnh. Di sc p ca nhu cu lm tng gi tr gia tng cc chng trnh truyn hnh v tng ngun thu, d mun hay khng th cc hng truyn hnh u s phi gia nhp th gii huyn o ny v vic truyn pht chng trnh truyn hnh trn mng Internet i vi bt k mt hng truyn hnh no ch cn l vn thi gian. Theo nghin cu ca MRG (Multimedia Research Group, Inc) cng b cui nm 2003, loi hnh IP video xem c trn Tivi, Set top box v PC s chim mt th phn ln trong cc dch v gii tr ni mng ti nh vi s thu bao tng 4 ln trn phm vi ton th gii, t di 2 triu thu bao nm 2004 s ln n trn 8 triu vo nm 2006, v doanh thu t cc dch v ny s tng t 1 t USD ln n 6 t USD trong cng mt thi gian. y cng l mt c hi tt cc hng truyn hnh pht trin dch v truyn hnh Internet ca mnh. So vi truyn hnh truyn thng, truyn hnh Internet cng c mt s u im sau:
Ph hp v thi gian v a l : y l u th tuyt i so vi cc chng trnh truyn hnh thng thng. Cc my ch c th c t gi sao cho ph hp vi mi gi ca tng vng ngi xem d u cng c th xem chng trnh vo thi im thch hp vi h. Kh nng la chn cc chuyn mc u thch : y cng l mt im mnh m mt knh truyn hnh thng thng kh c kh nng p ng c. Ti xung, lu tr v xem li khi cn thit. Gi thnh r hn nhiu ln so vi phng php ph sng bng v tinh
Cc hn ch ca Truyn hnh Internet l :
Ngi xem phi truy cp qua my tnh hay b chuyn i xem truyn hnh. Tuy nhin vi 70 - 80% s h dn ti cc nc pht trin s dng Internet v vi tc pht trin rt nhanh hin nay ca cng ngh Internet bng rng th y khng phi l iu ng lo lng. c bit ti cc cng s u c s dng my tnh kt ni Internet tc cao th y l mt li th ca Truyn hnh Internet.
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Cht lng chng trnh xem trc tip hin nay c th cha tht tt nu h tng c s truyn dn n ngi xem khng tht tt. Vic phn tn b tr cc my ch, s dng cng c ti xung hp l c th gp phn hn ch nhc im ny.
i vi Truyn hnh Vit Nam , vn truyn pht cc chng trnh truyn hnh ln mng Internet trc ht xut pht t nhu cu :
Knh truyn hnh VTV4 nhm phc v ng o i tng khn gi l ng bo Vit Nam nc ngoi v ang c ng o ngi Vit Nam trn khp th gii n nhn nng nhit. i Truyn Hnh Vit Nam (i THVN) cng ph sng v tinh chng trnh ny ti cc khu vc c ng ngi Vit Nam sinh sng nh Bc M, Chu u. Tuy nhin nhng khu vc cha ph sng v tinh hay khng thun tin cho vic thu chng trnh t v tinh, th xem VTV4 thc s l mt nguyn vng chnh ng ca nhng ngi Vit sng xa t quc. Do sng ri rc trn nhiu chu lc khc nhau nn thi gian pht sng chng trnh VTV4 kh c th p ng yu cu ph hp vi thi gian sinh hot ca tng nc, tng khu vc v vng lnh th. Hn na, do a s b con ngi Vit sinh sng nc ngoi u bn rn, kh c thi gian xem truyn hnh ng vo lc VTV4 c pht sng, nn nhu cu xem truyn hnh VTV4 trn mng l mt thc t ngay c vi nhng khu vc c ph sng v tinh.
Vi vic truyn pht cc chng trnh VTV ln mng Internet, Truyn hnh Vit Nam s tn dng c li th v c s h tng k thut Internet kh tt cc nc pht trin hin nay a cc chng trnh truyn hnh n vi ngi xem vo bt c thi im no (vi chi ph ph sng mc thp nht) thng qua hai phng thc l ti v xem hay xem trc tuyn trn mng. Ngoi ra, trn c s h tng k thut ca h thng ny, i THVN c th t chc cung cp cc chng trnh truyn hnh hay t liu video qua mng theo yu cu, tin hnh cc dch v qung co cc sn phm ca cc doanh nghip Vit nam ra nc ngoi, va trc tip h tr xut khu sn phm Vit nam ra nc ngoi, va tng thm ngun thu cho i THVN.
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Vic truyn dn v phn phi thnh cng cc chng trnh truyn hnh ln mng Internet l mt cng vic k thut phc tp cn phi c gii quyt dn tng bc, qua tng giai on nh t chc h thng, qun tr, vn hnh bo tr ... m bo tnh kh thi, m bo hiu qu u t ng thi p ng nhanh yu cu trin khai nhanh h thng, cn pht trin h thng tng bc theo nhiu giai on vi cc mc tiu c th.
4.2 Cc gii php k thut a VTV ln Internet
4.2.1 Khi qut v h thng VTV Online
Do tnh cht c th ca truyn hnh nn h thng VTV Online s da trn c s d liu l cc thng tin nghe - nhn a phng tin, c th lu tr v truyn ti cc loi t liu di dng nh phn, m thanh, hnh nh, vn bn Cc d liu ny c cp nht v lu tr trn mt hoc mt s my ch Internet ca VTV. Kiu bo c th thng qua kt ni vo mng Internet truy cp chng trnh trc tip, tm kim cc th mc lu tr v cc ni dung pht hnh trc , ng thi khai thc thng tin hnh nh, m thanh, vn bn t c s d liu. S t chc tng th ca h thng c th hin trn hnh 16. Cc vn k thut ch yu trong trin khai h thng s bao gm cc cng vic sau:
a cc chng trnh truyn hnh v d liu b sung ln Internet Truyn ti v phn phi chng trnh gia cc my ch VTV Qun tr h thng t chc v qun l c s d liu trn cc my ch : tt c cc my ch, phn mm, c s d liu ca h thng cn phi c qun l tp trung t trung tm thng qua cc cng c trc tuyn v Internet. Cc my ch c th c t nhiu ni, to iu kin thun li cho ngi s dng truy cp cc chng trnh truyn hnh thun li nhng vn c qun l tp trung t Trung tm tch hp d liu ca iTHVN. Xy dng website kt ni vi c s d liu trn cc my ch
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H tr trnh duyt web ca ngi dng
Trung tm THL - THVN
a chng trnh truyn hnh v d liu ln Truyn ti chng trnh v d liu n cc my ch vng My ch VTV (theo vng ) Truyn ti chng trnh v d liu n cc my ch vng My ch VTV (theo vng )
My ch VTV
My khch hng kt ni Internet
Hnh 16 : S tng th t chc h thng VTV Online
Ghi ch : Cc chng trnh truyn hnh (d liu video) c kch thc ln c th chim dung lng ng truyn kh ln. Vic t chc cc my ch theo vng (quc gia hoc nhm quc gia) s gim thiu dung lng truyn ti khi ngi s dng truy cp v bt chim dng bng thng ng truyn quc t ca mi vng.
Vi vic truyn pht VTV (trc mt l VTV4) trn mng Internet, cc khn gi c kt ni Internet (bng rng) c th :
Xem trc tip (online) chng trnh ang pht ca VTV4 Ti chng trnh xung my tnh c nhn sau xem li Chn cc chng trnh pht xem trc tip hoc ti xung my c nhn Khai thc cc thng tin b sung di dng d liu Gi kin trc tip thng qua Internet v Ban bin tp Tham gia cc dch v trc tuyn nh din n trn VTV4
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4.2.2 H thng truyn dn v cung cp chng trnh VTV qua mng Internet
H thng cung cp cc chng trnh truyn hnh qua mng ca i THVN c t chc nh trn hnh 17.
Trung tm tch hp d liu THVN
Data Base High-speed Internet Data Uploading
Canada
Vit Nam
EUROPE
USA
Hnh 17 : S tng th h thng truyn dn v cung cp chng trnh VTV qua mng Internet
Truyn dn chng trnh t Trung tm tch hp d liu ti i THVN n cng Internet quc t V l thuyt, cc phng php kt ni c th l s dng ng cp thu bao tc cao, thit lp cc trm truyn Viba (Radio Transmission Link Radio) hay s dng m hnh ko y gia VTV v my ch hosting ti cng Internet quc t. Trong thi gian ti, VTV nn tn dng kh nng sn c ca Trung tm v tinh Vnh Yn, xy dng gii php ng truyn ring t Trung tm Tin hc o lng (THL) ti VTV n thng cng Internet quc t, tin ti kh nng a VTV vn ln tr thnh mt trong cc nh cung cp dch v truyn d liu v truy cp Internet ISP ca Vit Nam.
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Internet
Satellite
Local ISP
Local ISP
Gateway
`
User
`
User
Broadcast Server
Archive Server
Control Server
Live Broadcast
Pre-recorded Video
Hnh 18 : S h thng VTV Online vi ng kt ni t Trung tm THL ra cng Internet quc t thng qua v tinh
a chng trnh n khn gi nc Ngoi C th phc v khn gi theo hai hnh thc sau :
Thng qua Internet, ngi xem nc ngoi c th webcasting hay download trc tip cc chng trnh c Hosting ti cng Internet quc t hay t Trung tm THL i THVN. Trong thi gian cha thit lp knh truyn ring ra cng Internet quc t thng qua v tinh, m bo kh nng xem Online chng trnh, VTV cn thu bao Hosting ti cc nh cung cp cc dch v ISP ti cc khu vc nc ngoi c ng ngi Vit Nam sinh sng. Trong trng hp ny, tt c cc dch v lin quan n Hosting v An ninh d liu s do nh cung cp dch v chu trch nhim.
4.2.3 Sn xut v a chng trnh VTV ln Internet
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thit k chi tit h thng cc thit b trong trung tm, cn c cc s liu c th lin quan n nhu cu, s lng v dung lng tng th loi ni dung chng trnh s cung cp thng qua mng Internet Trong phm vi ti ny, trn c s kho st s b ti ch a ra mt s m t v cc phn t chc nng d nh s s dng trong h thng. V nguyn tc, dy truyn sn xut ti Trung tm THL s bao gm cc chc nng sau :
Cc thit b Capturing v Encoding c nhim v thu nhn, bin i v m ho (nn) cc tn hiu video (tng t hay s) sang cc nh dng s thich hp cho vic truyn trn Internet nh MPEG-4, ASF-Format(v d nh cc Video Capture Card, Osprey ca Viewcast, Stream Factory v DC 2000 ca Pinaclevi cc cng c m ho km theo nh Microsoft NetShow, Real Networks, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, Quicktime 6). Cc d liu sau khi m ho s c a ln cc Video Servers phc v vic Streaming v Publishing ln Internet, qun l, sp xp v iu hnh ton mng (nh Thunder 2000/4000 ca Pinnacle, HP Server, Darwin Streaming Servers ca Apple, Helix ca Real Network ). y l cc Server c cu hnh mnh v c kh nng h tr cc giao thc chun trong IP Muticast (TCP/IP, UDP, RTP) c th lu tr v x l cc khi lng d liu chng trnh ln, m bo cht lng dch v khi pht hnh. H thng lu tr lu tr v cp pht cc chng trnh truyn hnh qua mng. Cu hnh c th v dung lng ca h thng ny ph thuc dung lng v s lng th loi chng trnh cn lu tr (SAN Storage ca Network Appliance, Datadirect, Raid ca Pinnacle, Video Rack RTX ca Meda). Cc chng trnh trc khi c truyn pht ln mng c th c chn, b sung thm vn bn, ho, ch thch, cc dng thuyt minh hay cc on qung coCc thit b dng Editing s phc v cng tc bin tp, x l nh, m thanh phc v nhu cu ny (v d Stream Genie, Targa 3000 ca Pinnacle). Cc thit b ph tr nh A/V Router hay Audio Mixer, A/V Switcher v Patch Pannel. y l cc thit b mng c thit k v lp t trn c s cc chun ng dng cho backbone mng Lan h tr Multimedia tc cao thng dng hin nay (Gigabit Ethernet hay 10 Gigabit Ethernet).
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Phn mm h thng v cc phn mm ng dng i km.

Tu theo tng trng hp c th, cc chc nng trn c th c thc hin ring r trn tng thit b hay tch hp trong mt vi thit b a nng khc nhau (Media Stream ca Pinnacle, DV-Storm, Canopus Video)
Internet
Tape A/V A/V Editing Web Media Encoding
Camera Tape Audio SDI Files YUV Y/C A/V Production Web Media Encoding A/V Switching Video Server
A/V Capture
Web Media Encoding
Video Stores
Hnh 19 : S khi chc nng dy truyn TV Streaming
4.2.4 T chc c s d liu v vn qun tr d liu, cp nht thng tin
H thng VTV Online khng n thun l mt h thng website, m trn thc t n l mt h thng ng dng trn nn Internet (web-based application), trong giao din ch yu ca ngi s dng vi h thng l trnh duyt web. Xt v cu trc, h thng ng dng VTV Online bao gm cc b phn cu thnh sau :
C s d liu (CSDL) trung tm : t ti trung tm THL i THVN, l ni t chc, lu tr, qun tr, cp nht, x l v khai thc thng tin c th truyn ti n ngi xem mt cch c h thng, m bo chc nng thng tin v p ng cc tiu chun khai thc Internet quc t. CSDL h thng s c t chc sao cho c th t chc, lu tr c ba loi hnh thng tin video, hnh nh, vn bn v cc ho C s d liu khu vc : h thng VTV Online c chia thnh cc khu vc m nhim chc nng truyn ti thng tin (video, hnh nh v vn bn) n khn gi theo mt thi gian (mi gi) thch hp v vi tc nhanh nht c th.
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Trong h thng ny cc d liu l cc chng trnh VTV s c s ho, c th truyn ti theo l trnh : t Trung tm THL i THVN s ho cp nht ln my ch phn phi n cc my ch vng truyn ti n cho ngi xem khi h truy cp. Nu t c cc tho thun vi cc hng truyn hnh cp khu vc, cc chng trnh VTV t cc my ch vng ny cng c th c truyn ti vo h thng truyn hnh cp khu vc. Cc chc nng qun tr h thng : qun l, theo di, cp nht, bo mt v m bo cho h thng hot ng.
Qun tr h thng ti Trung tm
Qun tr h thng
Cp nht d liu
CSDL trung tm
Web Server
CSDL khu vc
CSDL khu vc
Thng tin phn hi
Chng trnh truyn hnh , hnh nh, tin tc ca VTV Online
Thng tin phn hi
Khn gi khai thc thng tin VTV online
Khn gi khai thc thng tin VTV online
Hnh 20 : S h thng ng dng trn nn Internet ca VTV Online
Ghi ch :
Cc h thng khu vc nhm tn dng cc u im ca h tng truy cp Internet quc t, m bo thi gian truy cp thch hp (tu theo mi gi) cng nh tng tc truy cp vo h thng ca khch hng cc khu vc xa Trung tm THL i THVN. Cc khu vc s c phn chia theo quc gia hoc nhm quc gia tu theo mt phn b ca ngi Vit Nam sinh sng nc Ngoi.
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H thng qun tr cn c chc nng thu thp thng tin phn hi t cc CSDL vng v trung tm x l. Cc h thng vng c qun tr tp trung t Trung tm THL i THVN thng qua cc cng c Internet v ng dng trn nn Internet
Do tnh cht a phng tin ca ni dung truyn trn mng v dung lng d liu di dng video thng rt ln, CSDL ca h thng phi c t chc di dng kt hp gia CSDL quan h (cho cc d liu vn bn), file v th mc (cho video, hnh nh, html). Tt c c t chc thng nht vi cc gii php ph hp cho vic :
Khai thch t website Truyn ti thng tin Nn, gii nn Bo mt Bo dng v bo tr trong qa trnh vn hnh
Cng vic qun tr h thng VTV Online bao gm cc chc nng sau:
T chc thng tin cho CSDL v t chc hin th trn Website VTV Online Cp nht thng tin t cc d liu gc Qun tr vic truyn ti thng tin n cc my ch Qun tr ch pht tin da theo mi gi ph hp vi tng vng Lu tr thng tin theo ch quy nh ph hp X l thng tin phn hi, bo co thng k v ngi truy cp Duy tr hot ng ca ton b h thng Qun tr ngi dng Cc cng c h tr phng vin
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4.2.5 Giao din Website VTV Online Giao din website cn c thit k m bo cc tiu chun m thut, k thut, tc truy cp v thun tin cho khai thc.Website VTV Online s bao gm cc chc nng chnh sau :
Sp xp, t chc v trnh by thng tin (d liu vn bn, hnh nh, m thanh, video) cho ngi xem chn la. Chc nng ny s t chc cc loi thng tin da trn cc ch , phn loi gip khn gi d dng truy cp v tm kim mt cch nhanh chng nhng ni dung c VTV truyn pht trn Internet. Hin th video trc tuyn : chc nng ny s s dng cc phn mm hin th nh Realsplayers, MPEG-4, Windows Media, DivX, QuickTime xem trc tip cc on phim trn my tnh PC ca mnh (cc phn mm ny s c lu sn trn Video Server v cho php ngi s dng download v dng.). Chc nng bn thng tin (shopping cart) : chc nng ny cho php khn gi c th t mua nhng on phim, nhng bi bo, hnh nh trc tip qua mng. H thng thanh ton trc tuyn bng th tn dng s c tch hp trn giao din Website VTV Online ny. Chc nng qung co : trn Website VTV Online s cung cp nhiu hnh thc qung co trn mng Internet nh Banner, Logo v a cc thng tin v sn phm v cc doanh nghip ln mng. Chc nng qun tr thng tin : cho php ngi qun tr bin son trc tip ni dung thng tin trn trang web thng qua cc quy trnh bin tp tin c ci t sn ti my ch trung tm, hoc cung cp cc cng c cc my ch vng c th nhn v ng nht d liu vi my ch trung tm. Chc nng qun tr v bo mt h thng : cho php qun l ngi dng, cc tham s ca h thng, theo di hot ng, bo mt v m bo cho h thng hot ng tt. Chc nng thu thp kin phn hi v cc thng tin h tr khc nh cc ng kt ni useful links, cc phn mm, b m Font ch ting Vit chun TCVN 6909-2001.
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4.2.6 Vn thanh ton trc tuyn qua mng
Vic cung cp chng trnh VTV ln mng Internet ch yu p ng nhu cu ca ngi Vit Nam sinh sng nc ngoi mun xem cc chng trnh truyn hnh quc gia, v cc chng trnh Online min ph. Bn cnh , b p mt phn chi ph lu tr sn xut cng nh tng ngun thu, i THVN nn cn nhc trin khai ng thi mt s dch v phc v nhu cu xem li cc chng trnh truyn hnh theo yu cu, phim truyn theo yu cu, mua bn phim v t liu THVN, qung co theo yu cu, bn cc sn phm bng video VHS, a VCD, S-VCD v DVD. Trong trng hp ny, thanh ton trc tuyn qua mng l gii php thch hp nht trin khai cc dch v ny : ngi mua s thanh ton tin bng cc th tn dng trc tip (Online merchant service) thng qua giao din c thit k ngay trn website VTV Online v h thng s s dng dch v thanh ton trc tuyn c cung cp bi cc nh cung cp dch v ni ting qua mng Internet nh Cybercash, Authorizenet, gip ngi mua thc hin vic thanh ton mt cch d dng, thun tin. Tin trnh thanh ton trc tuyn khi c thc hin nh sau :
i THVN k hp ng vi nh cung cp dch v thanh ton qua mng, cung cp cc thng tin cn thit v t chc v s ti khon ca mnh m mt ti khon trong h thng thanh ton ca nh cung cp dch v thanh ton trc tuyn. Khi ngi mua c nhu cu giao dch s nhp cc thng tin v th tn dng ca h c thit k sn trn giao din ca website VTV Online. Phn mm an ninh ci t trong my ch qun l khch hng (c cung cp v ci t bi nh cung cp dch v thanh ton) s x l v kim tra s b tnh hp l ca cc th tn dng ny, sau m ho v gi cc thng tin cn thit ti nh cung cp dch v thanh ton. Nh cung cp dch v thanh ton thng qua h thng ring ca mnh kim tra tnh xc thc ca cc thng tin khch hng ti cc ngn hng pht hnh th tn dng cho khch hng.
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Nu c xc thc, nh cung cp dch v thanh ton s ra lnh chuyn tin ca ngi mua ti ti khon ca i THVN c m trong h thng thanh ton ca nh cung cp dch v thanh ton trc tuyn. Trong trng hp ngc li, h thng s t chi giao dch.
Bt u giao dch
Ngi mua kch hot trang web VTVonline.vtv.org
Nhp cc thng tin th tn dng ca ngi mua
Kim tra tnh hp l ca th bng phn mm nhn dng
Kt thc giao dch
Nh cung cp dch v thanh ton qua mng ra lnh cung cp chng trnh
Nh cung cp dch v thanh ton qua mng xc nh ngn hng pht hnh th v s d ti khon
M ho d liu th, gi n Nh cung cp dch v thanh ton qua mng
Hnh 21 : Qui trnh thanh ton qua mng trn h thng VTV Online
4.2.7 Bo mt v m bo an ninh h thng
Khi cc t chc truyn thng mun tn dng cc u im ca vic truyn dn thng tin ra phm vi ton cu thng qua Internet, cng l lc cc hng ny ang m ca cho cc virus, cc k c ph hoi v nhng nguy c khc c th gy ra thit hi rt ln do tn tht nng sut lao ng, l b mt thng tin, mt d liu hay mt bn quyn chng trnh Vi cu trc a giao thc bao gm cc my ch truyn thng a phng tin, cc h thng lu tr khu vc, my tnh c nhn PCs, thit b h tr c nhn PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant), cc ng dng d liu mi. V khng b gii hn bi bin gii vt l, vn m bo an ninh cho h thng truyn thng lun l mt quan tm hng u i vi cc nh qun tr mng. Bo mt ni dung thng tin trong c s d liu :
Thc hin phn quyn truy cp ti tng loi thng tin, tng th mc cha video, phim trong c s d liu.
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S dng cc thut ton, cc chun m ho quc t m ho cc thng tin quan trng, cc tham s quan trng ca h thng. S dng chun gin dch v LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) lu tr cc thng tin v ngi s dng.
Vn an ton v an ninh h thng
Mt vn thng gy kh khn cho vic bo m an ninh mng l mu thun gia yu cu phi to thun li ti a cho cc truy cp hp php nhiu nht c th, v trong khi vn phi kim sot c tt c cc truy cp vo h thng. Trong trng hp ny, h thng tng la (firewall) ng vai tr rt quan trng nh kh nng kim sot t ng cc kt ni phc tp. Cc nguyn tc c bn ca an ninh h thng y bao gm :
Qun tr mng phi kim sot cht v ti bt k thi im no cng c kh nng bit chc chn thng tin no ang i vo hay ra khi mng. Phi m bo h thng khng b lm dng cho cc s dng c nhn ca cc nhn vin. C kh nng chng li s dng sai mc ch, s ph hoi do nhng bt ho trong ni b v nhng s c. Duy tr s kim sot d liu v chng s sao chp bt hp php cc d liu v ni dung.
p ng cc nguyn tc an ninh trn, h thng tng la trong cc mng ny phi tho mn cc yu cu :
Tng thch vi tt c cc cng ngh to dng streaming ch yu, bao gm Real Networks, Windows Media v Quick Time Phi h tr cc chun cng nghip Internet nh TCP/IP, UDP, HTTP v RTP/RTSP. Phi m c th tng thch vi cc cng ngh to dng trong tng lai.
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Phi cho php trin khai v tch hp chc nng mi mt cch lin tc m ch i hi nhng thay i ti thiu trong h thng my ch hay nhng nng cp m rng nh. Cho php ci t nhiu phn mm ti cc my trm ca khch hng phc v cho nhu cu cp nht cc ng dng mt cch d dng v hon ton t ng. Cho php ngi s dng truy cp ni dung chng trnh thng qua vic s dng cc phn mm hin th media nh Realsplayer, Windows Media, Quick Time Phi c mt knh phn hi m bo kim sot cht lng dch v, thanh ton chi tit, bo v bn quyn chng sao chp v nhng ng dng c bit khc thuc phm vi kim sot media. Phi duy tr hot ng thng sut n ngi s dng C kh nng lm nn lng cc hnh vi mun sao chp xm phm bn quyn.
Trong thi gian gn y, xut hin cc h thng an ninh mng my tnh truyn thng c kh nng p ng tt cc yu cu trn (v nh cc thit b ca hng Widevine Technologies). Cc h thng ny hot ng theo nguyn tc kt hp hai lp bo v 3 v 5 tng thch vi tt c cc cng ngh to dng streaming ang s dng hin nay. V thc cht, y l cc thit b m ho bng phn cng thi gian thc, c lp t ti u ra ca cc thit b lu tr ni dung v ch cho php gii m bng thit b phn cng tng ng u thu chng trnh. Do ni dung c bo v (m ho) ti ngun, gii php truyn thng dng ny cho bo v ni dung chng trnh trong sut qu trnh truyn thng trn mng. Thut ton m ho c th c cp nht trong sut qu trnh hot ng ca mng m khng nh hng ti cht lng chng trnh thu c.
thng xuyn duy tr kh nng phng v h thng, ngi lm cng tc qun tr mng cn lu n cc nguyn tc sau :
Loi tr vic kt ni trc tip cc my tnh nhy cm vi Internet Ci t cc phn mm chng virus n tng my tnh v thit b trong mng
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Thng xuyn cp nht cc phn mm chng virus c ci t trong cc thit b mng, m bo kh nng nhn bit v i ph vi cc loi virus mi ca cng c phng nga ny Theo di v cp nht thng xuyn phn mm, cc h iu hnh nhm pht hin v khc phc kp thi cc l hng bo mt, c bit l cc h iu hnh nh Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003 server, S dng chc nng NAT che giu my tnh bn trong mng S dng phn mm tng la trn cc my tnh xch tay ngn cc xm nhp tri php. Thng xuyn sao lu d liu d phng
Bo mt cc giao dch, thanh ton :
S dng giao thc bo mt v m ho SSL/TLS (Secure Socket Layer/ Transport Layer Security), nhm m bo an ton tuyt i trong tt c cc hot ng x l v truyn s liu trong cc giao dch trc tuyn. S dng cc giao thc bo mt c cung cp bi cc nh cung cp dch v thanh ton trc tuyn trn mng.
4.3. Gii php k thut tng th cho h thng VTV Online p ng nhu cu trao i, cung cp t liu truyn hnh qua mng Internet
Cn c vo cc gii php thnh phn c xut trong mc trn, mt gii php k thut tng th, c tnh kh thi cho nhu cu xem online chng trnh VTV (trc mt l VTV4) min ph. V p ng yu cu cung cp cc chng trnh, t liu truyn hnh theo yu cu qua mng Internet c xy dng nh trn hnh 22
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u vo (PAL, NTSC,...)
(3)
Betacam,DV, VHS
A/V Switch
(2)
(1)
VTV online
X l Video, Audio
Ghi bng Betacam, VHS.. Converter

(7) (4) Ghi a DVD,SVCD,VCD
(6)
Kho d liu s Truyn hnh
(5)
(8)
(9) Thit b Streaming

Chuyn pht nhanh
Character Generator (11)
Graphic Computer (12)
(10)
Disk Array
(13) (14)
Lease line
Video Server
Webserver
Xem Online hoc Download
(16)
Disk Array
Internet
`
Http://vtvonline..vtv.org.vn (19) PC client (17) TV client
(15) (18) (20) Hosting in USA Hosting in Autralia
56 Kbps, 128 Kbps, Set Top 2 Mbps... Box
- Truy cp VTV Online, - Xem danh mc gii thiu - Chn phim v ra lnh mua - Khai bo cc th tc - Tr tin cho VTV - Nhn thng tin phn hi ca VTV download, v xem...
Hosting Euro
Hnh 22 : S k thut tng th gii php truyn pht VTV Online v trao i cung cp t liu truyn hnh qua mng Internet
Gii thch thm mt s chi tit ca h thng : 1> Mt s thit b k thut chnh ca h thng :
(1), (8) v (9) Cc thit b x l video v audio, logo, Font ch, ho v chn ph (v d DC2000, Targa 3000 ca Pinacle). (2), (3), (4), (5) v (6) Thit b chuyn i nh dng video v ghi ln bng hay a CD, VCD, SVCD (7) Thit b to dng video streaming (nh Streaming Factory ca Pinacle, 4 CasterTM Encoder ca Envivio)
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(10) My ch web server qun l web, cc ng dng trn website VTV Online phc v ngi truy cp (12), (13) Cc my ch Video Server phc v vic phn phi v a cc dng Video Online v Video Offline n ngi xem (11), (14) Cc thit b lu tr video (VOD Storages) (15), (18), (20) Cc my ch c hosting ti cc khu vc c ng ngi Vit Nam sinh sng (nh Bc M, Chu u, Chu c) (16) My tnh hin th (17), (19) Hp Set top box STB v Tivi hin th
Tu theo nhu cu ng dng v iu kin ti chnh c th, cc thit b trn c th c chn trong s nhng thit b phn cng hay phn mm chuyn dng ca Real Networks, Envivios, Pinacle, Microsoft, Apple, Bow . ..
2> i tng phc v v phng thc cung cp chng trnh : i tng phc v ca h thng cung cp chng trnh v t liu truyn hnh theo yu cu qua mng gm nhiu loi hnh, t ngi xem truyn hnh mun xem li cc chng trnh truyn hnh hay on video (VOD) vi cht lng va phi (download qua mng) hay cc nh sn xut chng trnh mun mua li cc t liu truyn hnh phc v cho nhu cu sn xut chng trnh ca mnh. Trong trng hp ngi mua mun s dng cc t liu truyn hnh vi cht lng studio (cht lng gc), cn c vo cc danh mc c cho bn trn trang website VTV Online, ngi mua c th t hng v thanh ton qua mng sau nhn sn phm t mua di dng bng video VHS, a VCD, S-VCD, DVD hay qua ng chuyn pht nhanh.
3> Cc thao tc ca khch hng khi mua hng trn website VTV Online s l:
Truy cp vo website VTV Online Xem danh mc v gii thiu phim hay t liu truyn hnh Xem trch on (phim mu qung co) nu c
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Chn phim v t lnh mua km theo cc yu cu v cht lng v loi sn phm nu c (bng, a, download, ID xem trang video) Thc hin cc th tc khai bo thanh ton qua mng Thanh ton cho VTV qua th tn dng ca mnh Nhn thng tin phn hi ca VTV hng dn nhn hng (hng dn download qua mng Internet hay nhn hng qua chuyn pht nhanh nu mua bng bng a) Nhn cc thng tin cn thit khc t pha VTV
4> Trch nhim ca h thng dch v khch hng VTV Online khi nhn c yu cu giao dch t pha khch hng
Xc nhn yu cu ca khch hng Sau khi h thng thanh ton t ng qua mng xc nhn tin ca khch hng c chuyn vo ti khon ca VTV, tu theo yu cu ca khch hng h thng dch v khch hng s a ra cc hng dn cn thit khch hng download qua mng, hay a ra yu cu ng gi bng a v gi chuyn pht nhanh cho khch hng. Gi li cc thng tin cn thit khc v tr li cc cu hi ca khch hng.
5> Sn phm cung cp qua mng l cc chng trnh truyn hnh VTV, t liu truyn hnh, cc sn phm vn ho c thu bng VHS h PAL hay NTSC 3.58, a VCD, SVCD, DVDCc file video c download qua mng Internet c nn theo nh dng H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
6> Gii php truyn dn v a chng trnh n ngi xem: Giai on u c th chn gii php Hosting mt s my ch ti cng quc t v cc khu vc c ng ngi Vit Nam sinh sng. V lu di, khi dch v pht trin, VTV c th kt hp thu v tinh giao thc Internet (IPSat), kt ni trc tip t Trung tm THL i THVN ra Internet quc t vi bng thng rng (8 Mbps, 27 Mbps hay 45 Mbps). Khi yu cu v bng thng ng truyn s c p ng y .
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KT LUN
Lch s pht trin ca ngnh truyn thng minh chng rng : mi phng thc truyn thng s t n thay i thch nghi vi s thay i ca hon cnh kinh t, x hi v t xc lp li v tr thch hp ca mnh tn ti trc s cnh tranh gay gt ca cc phng thc truyn thng mi xut hin. Nu nh trong qu kh radio khng th thay th cho bo vit, v truyn hnh cng khng th thay th radio, th ngy nay truyn thng Internet cng khng th thay th cho truyn hnh v radio. Ngc li, vi Internet khn gi s c nhiu c hi la chn hn v vic cung cp cc ni dung chng trnh truyn hnh s thun li v a dng hn nhiu. Vic s dng hp l cc cng ngh tin tin trn h tng truyn thng Internet s cho php cc hang truyn hnh c c hi lm tng hn na gi tr gia tng cc chng trnh truyn hnh ca mnh, lm tng th phn khn gi, t tng li nhun v phc v mt cch tt nht nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng cng nh khuych trng ti a cc gi tr ni dung chng trnh. trin khai thnh cng h thng k thut truyn dn v phn phi cc chng trnh ca VTV thng qua mng Internet phc v nhu cu xem truyn hnh ca cng ng ngi Vit Nam sng nc ngoi v trong nc, vn ch yu l cng tc t chc trin khai. V phm vi trin khai ca h thng l rt rng ln, c lin quan n nhiu t chc, nn cng tc trin khai cn s ch o v h tr trc tip ca Lnh o v cc ban ngnh thuc i THVN. Bn cnh phi c s phi hp ng b cc ng dng cng ngh thng tin ti cc n v lin quan trong i THVN, c bit l cc ng dng s ho kho T liu i THVN, trin khai cc dch v truy cp Internet bng rng trn h tng k thut dch v truyn hnh cp ti Vit Nam, kt hp trin khai dch v AXP ca i THVN vi h thng truyn d liu tc cao. Cc ng dng cng ngh thng tin mun c trin khai thnh cng v t hiu qu th i THVN cn thit phi lp mt k hoch tng th chung trin khai ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong ton ngnh truyn hnh, nh r l trnh trin khai tng ng dng, m bo tnh ng b v tnh thng nht trong tin trnh tin hc ho hnh chnh ti i THVN. Qua thi gian nghin cu, thc tp ti Trung tm Tin hc v o lng i THVN, vi s n lc ca bn thn v s ch bo tn tnh ca cc cn b Trung tm,
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em trnh by c mt cch khi qut v truyn hnh Internet nu ln mt s vn nn tng cng ngh v cc gii php cung cp chng trnh truyn hnh qua mng Internet. Truyn hnh Internet l mt loi hnh dch v rt mi m v phc tp, n tp hp nhiu k thut cng ngh, nhiu qu trnh x l. Mt khc trn thc t, truyn hnh Internet cn cha c trin khai rng ri, cng vi nhng hn ch v mt nhn thc nn trong bn kho lun ny khng th trnh khi nhng sai st nht nh. Rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin ph bnh ca thy c v tt c cc bn c. Xin chn thnh cm n ! H ni, thng 6 nm 2005.
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TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
inh Quc Tun. S hi t ca Truyn hnh v Internet. Ni san KHKT Truyn hnh 4/2003 inh Quc Tun. Truyn hnh trn Internet v gii php cung cp chng trnh VTV qua mng Internet. ti NCKH cp ngnh 7/2004 Ng Thi Tr. Truyn hnh s. Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut Phm Th Qu. Mng my tnh. Hc vin cng ngh bu chnh vin thng Alan Pimm. Interactive TV. BroadcastEngineering 5/2003 Torsten Jackel. Broadcast and the Internet: Convergence through new application. News from Rohde & Schwarz. Nr 170 (1/2001). IP Multicast Planing and Deployment Guide. Multicast Deployment Made Easy. Cisco System, Inc http://www.cisco.com White Paper. Overview http://www.cisco.com of IP Multicast. Cisco System, Inc-
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I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH ===Fotech===

KHO LUN TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY Ngnh : in t - Vin thng

I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH ===Fotech===

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

H Ni, thng 6 nm 2005 Sinh vin

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Secure Socket Layer Set Top Box

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Virture Private Network Extansible Markup Language

Mng ring o Ngn ng nh du m rng

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

cng ngh truyn tn hiu truyn hnh trn mng Internet

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

CHNG 1 : TNG QUAN V TRUYN HNH INTERNET --------&&--------

1.1 Gii thiu

1.2 Cc tin k thut ca s hi t gia truyn hnh s v Internet

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Radio and TV program

Hnh 1 : M hnh hi t ca truyn hnh v Internet

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

1.3 S hi t cc u im ca truyn hnh s v Internet

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

1.4 Khi nim truyn hnh Internet

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

1.5 Nhng ng dng ca truyn hnh Internet

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Hnh 2 : Gii thiu trang Web trc tuyn ca i THVN

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

CHNG 2 : KHI QUT V CNG NGH TRUYN HNH INTERNET --------&&--------

2.1 Gii thiu v mng truyn hnh Internet

Mng IP bng rng

Lung chng trnh

Streaming Server Gim st , iu khin hot ng Thit b chuyn mch

Hnh 3 : H thng truyn hnh Internet in hnh

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

2.2.2 Cc chun mng

2.2.3 Kh nng nng cp mng

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

2.2.4 Trin khai lp t mng

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Streaming Server Data

Control Status Media Switch Set-Top-Box

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

2.2 Cng ngh truyn hnh Internet

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

Truyn hnh trc tip

Server qun l User Internet :Unicast Multicast Simulcast

Truyn dn v phn phi

2.2.1 To chng trnh truyn hnh

2.2.1.1 Truyn hnh theo yu cu

C hai k thut c s dng l :

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

2.2.1.2 Truyn hnh trc tip trn mng

Lp K46B - Trng H Cng Ngh

2.2.2 Truyn dn v phn phi