Research Article

Classification of Hyperspectral Image using

Principal component and Independent
Component Analysis
Pooja VS1, V Nethaji Mariappan2
Abstract
Hyperspectral remote sensing sensors have the ability to acquire images in many narrow spectral
bands that are found in the electromagnetic spectrum from visible, near infrared, medium infrared to
thermalinfrared. Hyperspectral sensors capture energy from in 200 bands or more which means that
they continuously cover the reflecting spectrum for each pixel in the scene. Bands characteristic for these
types of sensors arecontinuous and narrow, allowing an indepth examination of features and details on
Earth which recorded with multispectral sensors would be lost. The benefits of Hyperion hyperspectral
data to LULC mapping have been studied at sites over some areas of Nilgiris district. The purpose of this
study is to analyze the classification of hyperspectral images using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Hyperspectral imagery provides the potential for more
accurate and detailed information extraction than is possible with other types of remotely sensed data.
The processing of hyperspectral images (Hyperion data) and reducing the redundant signatures through
PCA. The PCA processed data will be analyzed for LULC mapping using the Visual Interpretation method
over some parts of Nilgiris district. Further the ICA is performed to isolate the spectral signature and that
processed image is also applied for LULC Mapping. Finally the two results will get compared to determine
the Accuracy Assessment between PCA and ICA. The expected result is, ICA provide more accuracy than
the PCA.

Keywords: Hyperspectral- Hyperion Data, LandUse and LandCover Mapping, Principal Component
Analysis, Independent Component Analysis

Introduction
General

Hyperspectral Imagery

Hyperspectral images are spectrally over determined; they provide Sample spectral information to identify and
distinguish between spectrally similar (but unique) materials.Spectral metrics has been analysed for Hyperspectral
Image processing Stefan A.Robila, (2004).This paper investigates the efficiency of spectral metrics when used in spectral
screening of hyperspectral imagery. Consequently, hyperspectral imagery provides the potential for more accurate and
detailed information extraction than is possible with other types of remotely sensed data. Most multispectral imagers
(e.g. Landsat, SPOT, AVHRR) measure reflectance of Earth’s surface material at a few wide wavelength bands separated
by spectral segments where no measurements are taken. In contrast, most hyperspectral sensors measure reflected
radiation as a series of narrow and contiguous wavelength bands. When the spectrum for a single pixel in hyperspectral

JRF, 2Scientist-F, Centre for Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, Sathyabama University Chennai-600119.
1

Correspondence: Ms. Pooja VS, Centre for Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, Sathyabama university Chennai-600119.

E-mail Id: vspooja01@gmail.com

Orcid Id: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3786-6564

How to cite this article: Pooja VS, Mariappan VN. Classification of Hyperspectral Image using Principal component and Independent
Component Analysis. J Adv Res GeoSci Rem Sens 2017; 4(3&4): 14-24.

ISSN: 2455-3190

© ADR Journals 2017. All Rights Reserved.

J. Adv. Res. GeoSci. Rem. Sens. 2017; 4(3&4) Pooja VS et al.

imagery is displayed , it appears much like a spectrum different measurement unit. A fractal dimension calculation
measured in a spectroscopy laboratory. Yi Chen et.al, (2011) algorithm of hyperspectral curve is designed.Finally, the
made a feasibility study about the Hyperspectral Image application of fractal measurement of spectral domain
Classification UsingDictionary-Based Sparse Representation. feature analysis is briefly discussed.
A new sparsity-based algorithm for the classification of
hyperspectral imagery is proposed in this paper. A joint Imaging the Earth through several hundred carefully
sparsity model where hyperspectral pixels in a small selected continuous spectral bands is commonly referred to
neighborhoodaround the test pixel are simultaneously as hyperspectral imaging (HSI). These images are acquired
represented by linear combinations of a few common by a sensor that captures radiation over hundreds of
training samples, whichare weighted with a different set adjoining bands . HSI greatly augments thecapacity for
of coefficients for each pixel. This type of detailed pixel deriving land cover information through image fusion and
spectrum can provide muchmore information about a classification in thefield of RS.
surface than is available in a traditional multispectral pixel
spectrum. Although most hyperspectral sensors measure Methodology
hundreds of bands, it is not the number of measured Data Sources
wavelength bands that qualifies a sensor as hyperspectral
but rather the narrowness and contiguous nature of EO-1 (Earth Observing) satellite
the measurements.Band Selection and Classification
of HyperspectralImages using Mutual Information: An Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) is the first satellite in NASA’s New
algorithmhas been used to minimize the error probability Millennium Program Earth Observing series. EO-1 was
using theinequality of FanoElkebir Sarhrouni et.al, (2012).A launched on 21 November 2000.The EO missions develop
hyperspectral is one that oversamples the phenomenaof and validate instruments and technologies for space-
interest. Because of this, the number and spacing of bands based Earth observations with unique spatial, spectral
required to qualify a sensor as hyperspectral somewhat and temporal characteristics not previously available.
depends on the spectral characteristics of thematerials
under study. In general, hyperspectral sensors measure EO-1’s primary focus is to develop and test a set of advanced
bands at 10 to 20 nm intervals. Multispectral remote technology land imaging instruments. However, many
sensors such as the Landsat Thematic Mapper and SPOT other key instruments and technologies are part of the
XS produce images with a few relatively broad wavelength mission and will have wide ranging applications to future
bands. land imaging missions in particular and future satellites in
general. EO-1 is inserted into an orbit flying in formation
Hongjun su et.al, (2008) proposed a new Band Selection with the Landsat 7 satellite taking a series of the same
Algorithm for Hyperspectral data based on Fractal Dimension. images. Comparison of these “paired scene” images will
Feature selection especially band selection plays important be one means to evaluate EO-1’s land imaging instruments.
roles in hyperspectral remote sensed image processing.
It is worth nothing that band selection approaches need A unique feature of the EO-1 mission is that it carries an
to be combined with image spatial structure information experimental hyperspectral imager (the Hyperion) that
so as to select valid bands and improve the performance, can capture high resolution images of the earth surface
but all of the existing remote sensing data processing in 220 contiguous spectral bands.David G. Goodenough
algorithms are used for the conventional broadband and Andrew Dyk (2009) investigated Processing Hyperion
spectral data and can not process high dimensionality and ALI for Forest Classification.Hyperion (a hyperspectral
data effectively and accurately. A dimensionality reduction sensor) and the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) (a multispectral
algorithm based on feature extraction of the spectral curve sensor) are carried on the NationalAeronautics and
using fractal analysis which considering boththe spatial Space Administration’s Earth Observing1 (EO-1) satellite.
characteristic and spectral characteristic of hyper spectral The Evaluation and Validation of EO-1 for Sustainable
remote sensing image is proposed A spectral domain Development (EVEOSD) is supportingthe EO-1 mission. With
featureanalysis based on fractal measurement technique 10% of the world’s forests and the secondlargest country
is designed for hyper spectral images. Su junying and shu by area in the world, Canada has a naturalrequirement
ning , (2008) made their study on a dimensionality reduction for effective monitoring of its forests. Eight test siteshave
algorithm of hyper spectral image based on fract analysis. been selected for EVEOSD, with seven in Canada and
Fractal characteristic of spectral curve isdiscussed. A brief onein the United States. Extensive fieldwork has been
description is given to explain the nonlinear mechanism conducted atfour of these sites. A comparison is made
resulting in fractal of spectral curve. And the spectralcurves of forest classificationresults from Hyperion, ALI, and the
of same objects are presented to show the self similar. And Enhanced Thematic MapperPlus (ETM+) of Landsat-7
some computational results are given to show exponential for the Greater Victoria Watershed.The data have been
relationbetween the total length of spectral curves and the radiometrically corrected and orthorectified.Feature

15 ISSN: 2455-3190
Pooja VS et al. J. Adv. Res. GeoSci. Rem. Sens. 2017; 4(3&4)

selection and statistical transforms are used to reduce advantages and greater accuracies over ETM+ forforest
theHyperion feature space from 198 channels to 11 discrimination. The EO-1 sensors, Hyperion and
features. Classeschosen for discrimination included ALI,provide data with excellent discrimination for Pacific
Douglas-fir, hemlock, westernredcedar, lodgepole pine, Northwestforests in comparison to Landsat-7 ETM+.
and red alder. Overall classificationaccuracies obtained for
each sensor were Hyperion 90.0%, ALI84.8%, and ETM+ EO-1 SENSORS
75.0%. Hyperspectral remote sensing providessignificant
Table 1.EO-1 ORBIT
Type Sun-Synchronous, 10:01 am descending node
Altitude 705 km
Inclination 98.2 deg
Period 99 min
Repeat Cycle 16 days

Hyperion:The Hyperion is a high resolution hyperspectral The Hyperion is a “push broom” instrument. It has a single
imaging instrument. The Hyperion images the earth’s telescope and two spectrometers, one visible/near infrared
surface in 220 contiguous spectral bands with high (VNIR) spectrometer (with CCD detector array) and one
radiometric accuracy, covering the region from 400 nm short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrometer (HgCdTe detector
to 2.5 µm, at a ground resolution of 30 m. Through this array).
large number of spectral bands, complex land eco-systems
can be imaged and accurately classified. The procedures in this study comprised the process of
hyper spectral image classification for the Hyperion Data.
Table 2.Hyperion Sensor Characteristics
Spatial Resolution 30 m
Swath Width 7.75 km
Spectral Channels 220 unique channels. VNIR (70 channels, 356 nm - 1058 nm), SWIR (172 channels,
852 nm - 2577 nm)
Spectral Bandwidth 10 nm (nominal)
Digitization 12 bits
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) 161 (550 nm); 147 (700 nm); 110 (1125 nm); 40 (2125 nm)

The Hyperion image was obtained from the EO-1 Satellite face recognition system, a comparison motivated by
which is carrying the Hyperion sensor. The method which contradictory claims in the literature. This paper shows
was used here for the processing of hyper spectral image is how the relative performance of PCA and ICA depends on
principal component analysis and independent component the task statement, the ICA architecture, the ICA algorithm,
analysis.Vaseghi.S and Jetelova.H (2006) delivered the and (for PCA) the subspace distance metric. It then explores
importance OfPrincipal And Independent Component the space of PCA/ICA comparisons by systematically testing
Analysis In Image Processing. This paper is devoted to two ICA algorithms and two ICA architectures against PCA
practical utilization of Principal Component Analysis(PCA) with four different distance measures on two tasks (facial
and its extension Independent Component Analysis (ICA). identity and facial expression). In the process, this paper
Our intention is to demonstrate different applications of verifies the results of many of the previous comparisons
the above mentioned methods in biomedical image and in the literature, and relates them to each other and to
signal processing. The concept of ICA in terms of blind this work. We are able to show that the FastICA algorithm
source separation is illustrated on EEG signals, whereas the configured according to ICA architecture II yields the highest
approach of sparse coding is explained using fMRI images. performance for identifying faces, while the InfoMax
algorithm configured according to ICA architecture II is
Bruce A. Draper et.al, (2003) made a feasibility study about better for recognizing facial actions. In both cases, PCA
Recognizing faces with PCA and ICA. This paper compares performs well but not as well as ICA.
principal component analysis (PCA) and independent
component analysis (ICA) in the context of a baseline Preprocessing of Hyperspectral Image

ISSN: 2455-3190 16
J. Adv. Res. GeoSci. Rem. Sens. 2017; 4(3&4) Pooja VS et al.

Satellite
image
Hyperion Toposheet
data

Bad
Bad band
Columns
Removal
Correction Base Map for
Nilgiris study
area
Atmospheric and
Geometric Correction

Ortho Rectification
of Hyperion data

ICA based band

Dimensionality
selection for
Reduction using PCA
dimensionality
reduction

Reducing the redundant Identifying the spectral

Signatures using Principal signatures and data using
component analysis. Independent component
analysis.

LULC mapping LULC mapping

(Accuracy Assessment)
Comparing the PCA based LULC and ICA
based LULC to determine accuracy
Figure 1.Flowchart of Methodology

17 ISSN: 2455-3190
Pooja VS et al. J. Adv. Res. GeoSci. Rem. Sens. 2017; 4(3&4)

Atmospheric Correction jointly by the Air Force PhillipsLaboratory, Hanscom AFB and
Spectral Sciences, Inc.One key feature of FLAASH is that it
Atmospheric correction was done using FLASSH of ENVI 5.0. corrects for adjacency effect i.e. spatial mixing of radiance
among nearby pixels. Secondary outputs such as surface
The atmospheric correction is considered as a critical albedo, water vapour column, aerosol and cloud optical
preprocessing step to achieve full spectral information depths can also be obtained from hyperspectral data.
from every pixel especially in case of hyperspectraldata.
This paper investigates and tries to minimise the effect Classification of Hyperspectral Imagery
of atmospheric correction on the hyperspectral bands
covering the study area. The time in which the data has Principal Component Analysis
been acquired, the monsoon sets in and there are clouds
and lot of water vapour in the atmosphere. Also, there Principal Component Analysis, or simply PCA, is a statistical
is spectral variation in the vegetation of the region with procedure concerned with elucidating the covariance
the trees in its full vigour. Atmospheric correction for the structure of a set of variables. In particular it allows us
Hyperion image is hence considered as a critical step in to identify the principal directions in which the data
the present study. For atmospheric correction, FLAASH varies. PCA is a useful statistical technique that has found
model have been used to convert the radiance values application in fields such as face recognition and image
in the image to its reflectance values.Minu S and Amba compression, and is a common technique for finding
Shetty had done their review on Atmospheric Correction patterns in data of high dimension. It covers standard
Algorithms for Hyperspectral Imageries.Over the years, deviation, covariance, eigenvectors and eigen values.
the atmospheric correction algorithms have devolved Bin luo and Jocelyn chanussot, (2009) had presented a
from applied math approach to ways supported on study of unsupervised classification of hyperspectral
rigorous radiative transfer modelling. They are used for images by using linear unmixing algorithm. In this paper,
theestimation of the signal below the atmosphere based we present an unsupervised classificationalgorithm for
on the signal quantified at the top of the atmosphere. hyperspectral images. For reducing the dimensionof
Applied mathapproaches scale back atmospheric effects hyperspectral data, we use a linear unmixing algorithm
by empirical models that merelydepend upon statistics of to extract the endmembers and their abundancemaps.
image. The radiativetransfer models are made at sensor Compared to the components obtained by traditional
radiance utilizing physics based radiative transfer equations PCA-basedmethod, the abundancemaps have physical
and data from atmosphericand sun information archives. meanings (such as the abundance of vegetation). For
Radiative models utilize physical characteristics of the determining the number of endmembers contained in
atmosphere to derive water vapour,aerosol, and mixed an image, we propose an eigenvalue based approach.
gas contributions to the atmospheric signal. More recently, Stefan Robila (2006) presented Real Time processing of
researchers have used combinations of appliedmath Hyperspectral images. the development of a real-time
approaches and radiativetransfer modelling approaches processing tool for hyperspectral imagery was described
for the derivations of surface reflectance. This paper based on off-the-shelf equipment and higher level
reviewshyperspectral atmospheric correction algorithms programming language implementation (C++ and Java).
developed during the past years. The algorithms we developed are derived from previously
introduced spectra matching and feature extraction tools.
Fast Line ofSight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral The first group is based on spectra identification and
Hypercubes (FLAASH) spectral screening, a method that allows the identification
of representative spectra from a data set. The second
FLAASH is an atmospheric correction tool that corrects group is based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and
wavelengths in the visible through Nearinfrared and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). When applied
shortwave infrared regions, up to 3 μm. Unlike many to multidimensional data, PCA linearly transforms them
other atmospheric correction programs that interpolate such that the resulting components are uncorrelated and
radiation transfer properties from a precalculated database their variance maximized. In ICA, given a linear mixture
of modelling results, FLAASH incorporates the MODTRAN4 of statistical independent sources, the goal is to recover
radiation transfer code. Water vapor and aerosol retrieval these components by producing an unmixing matrix. The
are only possible when the image contains bands in effectiveness of the proposed real time algorithms were
appropriate wavelength positions . In addition, FLAASH tested on an in-house system composed of a commercially
can correct images collected in either vertical (nadir) or available hyperspectral camera and a multiprocessor
slantviewing(offnadir) geometries.The different atmospheric computer system. Preliminary results targeted at the
techniques has been developed for Hyperspectral image feasibility of the tool show that reasonable accuracy can
processing Minu S and Amba Shetty. FLAASH is MODTRAN4- be maintained in the real time requirements. The described
based atmospheric correction software package developed project supports the further development of hyperspectral

ISSN: 2455-3190 18
J. Adv. Res. GeoSci. Rem. Sens. 2017; 4(3&4) Pooja VS et al.

imaging as a general tool in remote sensing. to perform effectively, the virtual dimensionality (VD) is
introduced to estimate number of dimensions needed
Independent Component Analysis to beretained as opposed to the energy percentage that
has been used by the PCA-DR and MNF-DR to determine
Independent Components analysis is similar to Principal energies contributed by signal sources and noise. Since
Component analysis in that an input dataset istransformed there is no prioritization among components generated
into a new dataset containing new bands comprised of a by the ICA-DR due to the use of random initial projection
linear combination of the inputbands. Unlike PC, which vectors, we further develop criteria and algorithmsto
produces uncorrelated output bands, IC analysis transforms measure the significance of information contained in each
a set of mixed,random signals into components that are of ICA-generated components for component prioritization.
mutually independent. The benefit compared to PC is Finally, a comparative study and analysis is conducted
that ICcan distinguish features of interest even when they among the three DR techniques, PCA-DR, MNF-DR, and
occupy only a small portion of the pixels in theimage.(ICA) ICA-DR in two applications, endmember extraction and
is a recently developed method in which the goal is to find data compression where the proposed ICA-DR has been
a linear representation of nongaussian data so that the shown to provide advantages over the PCA-DRand MNF-DR.
components are statistically independent, or as independent
as possible.Hongtao Du et.al, (2002) had carried out the Study Area
process of Band Selection Using Independent Component
Analysis for Hyperspectral Image Processing. Although Study Area Map was formed over some parts of Nilgiris
hyperspectral images provide abundant informationabout District from the Hyper spectral Imagery (Hyperion Data )
objects, their high dimensionality also substantially which covers several areas including kerala, tamilnadu and
increases computational burden. Dimensionality reduction Karnataka. In TamilNadu it covers over some parts of Nilgiris
offers one approach to Hyperspectral Image(HSI) analysis. District. The hyperion imageEO1H1440522010030110PL.
Currently, there are two methods to reduce the dimension, L1Rwas downloaded from the website www.EarthExplorer.
band selection and feature extraction. In this paper, we usgs.gov. It is used as an input file for this study and it is
present a band selection method based on Independent a level 1 data.
Component Analysis (ICA). This method, instead of
transforming the original hyperspectral images, evaluates Results and Discussion
the weight matrix to observe how each band contributes
to the ICA unmixing procedure. It compares the average EndMember Extraction
absolute weight coefficients of individual spectral bands It generates several automatic summary products
and selectsbands that contain more information. As a including superpixel augmented endmember extraction.
significant benefit, the ICA-based band selection retains A noise‐reduced superpixel representation can improve
most physical features of the spectral profiles given only the performance of classical endmember detection
the observations of hyperspectral images. We compare this algorithms. By the geographic mixing assumption, observed
method with ICA transformation and Principal Component reflectances are linear combinations of several pure
Analysis (PCA) transformation on classification accuracy. endmember materials.Bin luo and Jocelyn chanussot,
The experimental results show that ICA-based band (2009) had presented a study of unsupervised classification
selection is more effective in dimensionality reduction of hyperspectral images by using linear unmixing algorithm.
for HSI analysis.Jing Wangand Chein-I Chang, (2006) For determining the number of endmembers contained in
had carried out the process ofIndependent Component an image, we propose an eigenvalue based approach. The
Analysis-Based Dimensionality Reduction With Applications validation of this approach on synthetic data shows that this
in Hyperspectral Image Analysis. In hyperspectral image approach provides a robust estimation of the actual number
analysis, the principal componentsanalysis (PCA) and the of endmembers. Using the estimated abundance maps of
maximum noise fraction (MNF)are most commonly used the endmembers, we perform a preliminary segmentation
techniques for dimensionality reduction (DR), referred to and use the mean values of the segmented regions as
as PCA-DR and MNF-DR, respectively. The criteria used by feature for the classification. We then perform Kmeans
the PCA-DR and the MNF-DR are data variance and signal- classifications on the segmented abundancemaps with
to-noise ratio (SNR) which are designed to measure data the number of clusters determined by the Krzanowski
second-order statistics. This paper presents an independent and Lai’s method.
component analysis (ICA) approach to DR, to be called ICA-
DR which uses mutual information as a criterion to measure Selection of Method
data statistical independency that exceeds second-order
statistics. As a result, the ICA-DR can capture information The Image to Image Registration method for geometric
that cannot be retained or preserved by second-order correction has been selected afterconsidering the
statistics-based DR techniques. In order for the ICA-DR characteristics of available reference data and distortion

19 ISSN: 2455-3190
Pooja VS et al. J. Adv. Res. GeoSci. Rem. Sens. 2017; 4(3&4)

in image data. Thisis a translation and rotation alignment in order to represent compactly the spectral information.
process by which two images of like geometry and ofsame
geographic area are positioned coincident with respect Accuracy Check
to one another so that thecorresponding elements of
the same ground area appear in the same place on the The Root Mean Square (RMS) error is calculated for all
registeredimages.A georeferencedHyperion image of the GCPs to check which GCPs exibit
study area acquired by USGS has been usedas a reference the highest error and to determine the sum of RMS error.
image which will be used to match the unrectified image. Table 3& 4 shows the RMS errorcorresponding to the GCPs
The projection forthe study area is UTM at Zone 45(North) of the reference image (base image) and GCPs of the image
and Datum: WGS84. to begeocorrected(Deviation from the original).
Setting the Ground Control Points (GCPs) Conclusion
The GCPs were identified on the reference as well as the On compared with the results of original classification and
original imagery for mathematical PCA based classification of Hyperion image produces 76.38
modeling to remove the geometric distortion present % of accuracy whereas ICA based classification gives 78.06
in the unrectified image. Elkebir Sarhrouni et.al, (2012) %.PCA method will be useful for processing of biomedical
proposed the concept of Band Selection and Classification signals and images.The hidden information could be detected
of HyperspectralImages using Mutual Information: An using ICA in consequence of PCA. Our futureinterest is to
algorithmbased on minimizing the error probability using focus on the transformed data provided by ICA/PCA in
theinequality of Fano. Hyperspectral image is a substitution order to avoid redundant information.An multivariate data
of more thana hundred images, called bands, of the same analysis tool referred as IndependentComponent Analysis
region. They are taken at juxtaposed frequencies. The has been presented. It reveals to be quite interesting for
reference image of theregion is called Ground Truth map the visualization of large hyperspectral data sets and for
(GT). the problematic ishow to find the good bands to dimensionality reduction, a necessary preprocessing step
classify the pixels of regions;because the bands can be not for segmentation, classification or other image analysis
only redundant, but a sourceof confusion, and decreasing procedure.It is able to show interesting features even in
the accuracy of classification.Some methods use Mutual the case of non gaussian data.
Information (MI) and threshold, toselect relevant bands. References
Recently there is an algorithm selectionbased on mutual
information, using bandwidth rejection and athreshold to 1. Stefan A.Robila, (2004) Analysis of Spectral Metrics
control and eliminate redundancy. The band topranking the for Hyperspectral Image Processing.- A Review -0-
MI is selected, and if its neighbors have sensibly thesame 7803-8742.
MI with the GT, they will be considered redundant and 2. Qian Du ,Ivica Kopriva , Harold Szu (2005) Classification
sodiscarded. of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imagery With
Independent Component Analysis. Wavelets,
Determination of Parameters Unsupervised Smart Sensors, and Neural Network
Correction method and correction formula has been decided .,Proceedings - Vol. 5818 .
by judging the characteristics of geometric distortion and 3. Vaseghi.S and Jetelova.H (2006) OfPrincipal And
the data available for correction. Rotation Scale Translation Independent Component Analysis In Image Processing.
(RST)and Polynomial equations have been used to convert 4. Hongtao Du, Yehua Sheng a and Peijun Du(2002) ANew
the source coordinates to rectifiedcoordinates.Bin luo and Band Selection Algorithm for Hyperspectral data Based
Jocelyn chanussot, (2009) interpreted the hyperspectral on Fractal Dimension.
image classification based on spectral and geometrical 5. Bruce A. Draper, Kyungim Baek, b Marian Stewart
parameters. in this paper, we propose to integrate Bartlett, cand J. Ross Beveridge (2003) made a
geometrical parameters, such as the characteristic scales feasibility study about Recognizing faces with PCA
of structures, with spectral features for the classification and ICA. Computer Vision and Image Understanding
of hyperspectral images. the spectral features which only . vol 115-137.
describe the material of structures can not distinguish 6. Mauro Dalla Mura,AlbertoVillac;b, Jon Atli
objects made by the same material but with different Benediktssonb, Jocelyn Chanussot on classification of
semantic meanings (such as the roofs of some buildings and hyperspectral Images by using Morphological Attribute
the roads). the use of geometrical parameters is therefore Filters and Independent Component Analysis Vol- 14
necessary. moreover, since the dimension of a hyperspectral I-381.
image is usually very high, we use linear unmixing algorithm 7. M. Lennon,G. Mercier, M.C. Mouchot, L. Hubert-Moy
to extract the end members and their abundance maps (2001) Independent Component Analysis as a tool for

ISSN: 2455-3190 20
J. Adv. Res. GeoSci. Rem. Sens. 2017; 4(3&4) Pooja VS et al.

the Dimesionality Reduction and the representation features. -978-1-4244.

of Hyperspectral Images. 13. Yi Chen , Dengyong Zhouand Gustavo Camps-Valls(2011)
8. Jing Wangand Chein-I Chang, (2006) Independent Hyperspectral Image Classification UsingDictionary-
Component Analysis-Based Dimensionality Reduction Based Sparse Representation. -0196-2892.
with Application in Hyperspectral Image Analysis. 14. Tatyana V. Bandos ,Dengyong Zhouand Gustavo
Geoscience and remote sensing vol- vol. 44, no. 6. Camps-Valls (2007) Semi-supervised Hyperspectral
9. Hongjun su ,Yehua Sheng , Peijun Du, (2008) A new ImageClassification with Graphs.
Band Selection Algorithm for Hyperspectral dataBased 15. Bin luo and Jocelyn chanussot, (2009) had presented a
on Fractal Dimension., A review- Remote Sensing and study of unsupervised classification of hyperspectral
Geographical Information Science. images by using linear unmixing algorithm GIPSA- 961.
10. Su junying and shu ning , (2008) dimensionality 16. Elkebir Sarhrouni ,Ahmed Hammouch, Driss
reduction algorithm of hyper spectral image based Aboutajdine (2012) were proposed the concept of Band
on fract analysis.,Remote Sensing and Information, Selection andClassification of HyperspectralImages
Engineering. vol -86. using Mutual. Information.arXiv:1210.0528v1.
11. Gustavo Camps-Valls and Lorenzo Bruzzone, (2005) 17. David Landgrebe ,(2002) had presented a paper
Kernel-Based Methods for Hyperspectral Image on Hyperspectral Image Data Analysis as a High
Classification.Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Dimensional Signal Processing Problem. Signal
sensing, vol - 43 no.6. Processing-Vol. 19, No. 1.
12. Bin luo and Jocelyn chanussot, (2009) Hyperspectral
image classification based on Spectral and Geometrical

Study Area

Figure 2.Subset Image of EO-1 Hyperion over Nilgiris District

Figure 3.Study Area Map

21 ISSN: 2455-3190
Pooja VS et al. J. Adv. Res. GeoSci. Rem. Sens. 2017; 4(3&4)

Figure 4 & 5.Compares the result of Standard deviation of PCA and ICA

ISSN: 2455-3190 22
J. Adv. Res. GeoSci. Rem. Sens. 2017; 4(3&4) Pooja VS et al.

Figure 6 & 7.Compares the Histogrm result of PCA and ICA

Figure 8 & 9.Classification results of PCA and ICA

Figure 10.Classification of Hyperion data using Unsupervised System

23 ISSN: 2455-3190
Pooja VS et al. J. Adv. Res. GeoSci. Rem. Sens. 2017; 4(3&4)

Table 3.Classification Results of Hyperion using PCA ,7 PCA bands have achieved a
classification accuracy of 76.38 % in 10 seconds of processing time

Table 4.Classification Results of Hyperion using ICA

Table 5.Gives the overall accuracy comparison of PCA and ICA based classification with the original image classification
Class Statistics Original Image PCA ICA
Processing Time Processing Time Processing Time
404 Seconds 10 Seconds 16 Seconds
Class 1 15292 16002 15315
Class 2 8334 6450 8380
Class 3 14863 15831 14895
Class 4 19629 19453 19656
Class 5 20800 19864 20800
Class 6 17678 18675 17643
Class 7 17359 18710 17296

ISSN: 2455-3190 24