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TIEMPO ESTRUCTURA USO EJEMPLOS

Afirmativa:
Subject + present conjugation of verb • Acciones habituales • I usually get up at 7 o'clock.
I play tennis on Mondays. • Opiniones y estados de mente • I think he is a wonderful student.
• Situaciones permanentes o de larga duración. • She lives in New York.
Negativa • Hechos y verdades generales • The Earth goes around the Sun.
PRESENTE
Subject + DO not + base form of verb • Sentimientos • I love walking around late at night.
SIMPLE
They don't work in New York. • Horarios y programas • The plane leaves at 4 p.m.
• Expresiones de tiempo presentes comunes: • She doesn't often go to the cinema.
Pregunta usually, always, often, sometimes, on Saturdays,
(Wh?)+do+subject+base form of verb ? at weekends, rarely, on occasion, never, seldom.
Does she know him?

Afirmativa:
• Acción que ocurre en el momento presente • What are you doing?
Subject + verb ‘be’ (AM / IS / ARE) in
• Actions happening in a period around the • She's studying hard for her final exam
present + verb –ing
present moment in time
He's working at the moment.
• Planes futuros inmediatos, acuerdos • She isn't coming on Friday.
PRESENTE Negativa
• Acciones monótonas y molestas. • You are always laughing at me!
CONTINUO Subj.+ V. ‘be’ in present+ not+ V–ing
• Expresiones de tiempo presente continuo
They aren't coming this evening.
comunes como: at the moment, now, today, this • I am working until 21h this week.
Pregunta
(Wh?) verb ‘be’ in present+subj. verb–ing? week, this month, tomorrow, next week (for
What are you doing? future arrangements), currently…

Afirmativa • I went to Paris last year


S+V in past (regular, <-ed>; irregular, 2nd • Acciones acabadas que ocurren en un momento
column): She went to Paris last week. definido en el pasado. • He stopped drinking alcohol 3 years ago.
Negativa • Con la palabra ‘ago’
PASADO SIMPLE Subject + DID not + root of the verb. • Para expresar acciones cortas y consecutivas • I fell down and someone helped me.
They didn't drive to work. • Cuando hay dos acciones simultáneas, una de
Pregunta ellas suele ser más corta (simple) e interrumpe a • The light went out (short action) while
(Wh_) did + subject + root of the verb? la acción más larga (continuo). we were having dinner (long action)
Where did she get that hat?
Afirm.: S+V ‘be’ in past (WAS/WERE) +
verb-ing. ‘I was • Acciones en progreso (en realización) en un • At midnight we were driving
watching TV’ momento pasado. home.
PASADO
CONTINUO Negativa: S+V ‘be’ in past + not + verb- • Acciones largas e inacabadas • Yesterday I was studying very
ing: He wasn't working hard all day.
• Queja y monotonía en el pasado.
Pregunta:(Wh?) + V+ ‘be’ in past +S +V- • He was always telling boring
ing?: What were you doing? jokes

• Para expresar una acción que comenzó en el • ‘I have been here for two hours’
Afirm.: S+have/has+V_participle pasado y termina, continua o tiene cualquier tipo • They have sold more than a million
I have seen Mick three times this week de relación con el presente. snowboards since 1991.
PRESENTE . • Cuando no decimos exactamente cuándo una
PERFECTO Negat.: S+have/has+not+V-participle acción ocurrió, normalmente con expresiones tales • The postman hasn’t come yet.
SIMPLE She has not been to New York. como: yet, always, never, ever, just, already.
• Expresiones españolas tales como::
Preg:(Wh?) Have/has+S+V-participle? Hace una semana que no te veo • I have not seen you for a week.
How long have you worked at Smith's? Acabo de llegar a casa • I have just got home.

Afirmativa: S+have/has+been+V-ing • Para expresar la duración de una actividad • I have been waiting for the bus for a
I’ve been living in Melilla for 30 years continua comenzada en el pasado y continuando long time.
en el presente.
PRESENTE Negat.: S+have/has+not+been+V-ing
PERFECTO He hasn’t been studying for long. • En expresiones españolas como: • I have been studying for two months.
CONTINUO Llevo dos meses estudiando.
Preg.: (Wh?)+Have/has+S+been+V-ing? Excepción:
How long have you been working on that Esta mañana me he levantado a las 9’00h • I got up at 9 o’clock this morning.
problem?
Afirmativa: Subject + HAD + participle
I had already eaten before they came. •She had cooked the lunch (1st
• Para expresar una acción que
PASADO Negativa: Subject + had + not + participle action) before she went to work
ocurre antes de otra acción en el
PERFECTO She hadn't (had not) been to Rome before that trip. (2nd action)
pasado.
Pregunta: (Wh?) Had + subject + participle?
Had you ever seen such a crazy lady before that?
Afirmativa: Subject + HAD + BEEN + verb-ing
She’d been waiting for 3 hours when he finally arrived.
PASADO • Para expresar la duración de una
Negativa: Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing •We had been waiting for hours
PERFECTO actividad continua comenzada
I hadn't been sleeping for long when I heard the doorbell ring when the train finally arrived.
CONTINUO antes de otra actividad pasada.
Pregunta: (Wh?) Had + subject + been + verb-ing?
How long had you been playing tennis when she arrived?
• That's difficult! I'll help you with the
Afirm.: Subject+ WILL+ base form of verb + object(s) • Decisiones espontáneas tomadas
problem.
I will meet you at the airport tomorrow. en el momento sobre el futuro.
• She won't win the game.
Negat.: Subject+ will+not base form of verb+object(s) • Predicciones futuras (sin
FUTURO SIMPLE
He will not be able to come. evidencias)
• Will you marry me?
Pregunta: (Quest. Word) + will + S+ base form of verb? • Promesas futuras, ofrecimientos,
I’ll make you a sandwich
Will they visit us soon? ayudas y sugerencias.

Afirm.: S+to be+going to+base form of verb+object(s) • I'm going to study Languages at
He's going to fly to Boston next week. • Decisiones planeadas, hechas antes university next year.
FUTURO CON Negativa: S+to be+not+going to+base form of verb+obj. del momento de habla. • Look at those clouds. It's going to
‘BE GOING TO’ They're not going to invite the Browns. • Predicciones futuras con evidencias rain.
Pregunta: ( Wh?)+ to be+S+ going to+base form of verb? • Intenciones futuras • I'm going to be a policeman when I
Where are you going to stay? grow up.
Afirmativa: Subject + will + be + verb-ing
I'll be cooking dinner when you arrive. • Para expresar que estamos muy • Next Friday at this time I will be
FUTURE Negativa: Subject + will + not + be + verb-ing seguros de que algo ocurrirá tal y travelling to London.
CONTINUO They won't be living in Paris this time next year. como se ha planeado.
Pregunta: (Wh?) + will + subject + be + verb-ing?
What will you be doing next week at this time?
Afirmativa: Subject + will + have + verb-participle
We'll have lived here for twenty years by 2005.
Negativa: Subject + will + not + have + participle
FUTURO • Para expresar qué habrá ocurrido o durante cuánto tiempo algo
She won't have finished her homework by the time
PERFECTO habrá ocurrido hasta un cierto punto en el tiempo.
we arrive.
Pregunta: (Wh?) + will + subject + have + participle?
How long will you have lived in France by the end of next year?

Afirmativa: Subject + will + have + been + verb-ing


He'll have been sleeping for a few hours by the time we arrive.
FUTURO
Negativa: Subject + will + have + been + verb-ing • Para expresar la duración de una actividad hasta un punto de
PERFECTO
She won't have been working for long by 5 o'clock. tiempo en el futuro.
CONTINUO
Pregunta: (Wh?) + will + subject + have + been + verb -ing?
How long will you have been driving by 6 o'clock?

VERBOS ESTÁTICOS: verbos que nunca o rara vez se usan en formas continuas.
Estados emocionales y mentales: Percepción: Comunicación: Otros estados:

Believe prefer appear agree be involve


dislike realize seem disagree belong lack
doubt recognize see deny concern matter
feel remember / forget hear astonish consist owe
Guess suppose smell impress contain own
Hate think taste mean cost possess
hope understand sound please depend
Imagine want promise deserve
know wish satisfy fit
like surprise include
love
need

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