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  • Piezoelectric sensor technology explained

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    tazeb Abebe
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    A piezoelectric sensor responds to changes in its environment by changing its resonant frequency or wave speed. There are two types depending on how the acoustic wave propagates. The frequency depends on properties of the piezoelectric crystal and any attached layers. Piezoelectricity is a property of certain materials where mechanical strain generates an electric field or vice versa. Piezoelectric materials are found in most crystal structures and can be organic or inorganic solids. They are often polarized to induce anisotropy and strong piezoelectric properties. Applying a force to a crystal slightly displaces the atoms from their positions in proportion to the applied force.

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    A piezoelectric sensor responds to changes in its environment by changing its resonant frequency or wave speed. There are two types depending on how the acoustic wave propagates. The frequency depends on properties of the piezoelectric crystal and any attached layers. Piezoelectricity is a property of certain materials where mechanical strain generates an electric field or vice versa. Piezoelectric materials are found in most crystal structures and can be organic or inorganic solids. They are often polarized to induce anisotropy and strong piezoelectric properties. Applying a force to a crystal slightly displaces the atoms from their positions in proportion to the applied force.

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    10 views7 pages

    Piezoelectric sensor technology explained

    Uploaded by

    tazeb Abebe
    A piezoelectric sensor responds to changes in its environment by changing its resonant frequency or wave speed. There are two types depending on how the acoustic wave propagates. The frequency depends on properties of the piezoelectric crystal and any attached layers. Piezoelectricity is a property of certain materials where mechanical strain generates an electric field or vice versa. Piezoelectric materials are found in most crystal structures and can be organic or inorganic solids. They are often polarized to induce anisotropy and strong piezoelectric properties. Applying a force to a crystal slightly displaces the atoms from their positions in proportion to the applied force.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Piezoelectric sensor

    A piezoelectric sensor is a device that responds to


    changes occurring in its environment with changes
    of the resonant (fundamental or harmonic) frequency,
    or wave (phase) speed. Bulk and surface acoustic
    wave piezoelectric sensors are distinguished
    depending on the way of the wave propagation.
    Cont…
    frequency primarily depends on thickness of the
    piezoelectric crystal and the attached layer, on the
    viscoelastic properties of the crystal and that of the
    adjacent phase, as determined by the coupling
    boundary conditions. Mass loading, ambient viscosity,
    and electric permittivity, compression or extension
    stresses, local electric fields, charge, film conductivity,
    and surface tension affect the coupling conditions.
    Piezoelectricity

    Piezoelectricity is a property of certain classes of


    material including natural crystals of quartz.
    materials, mechanical strain is generated by
    application of an electric field or, conversely, an
    electrical polarization is generated by application of
    mechanical stress.
    Piezoelectric materials
     Piezoelectric materials are found in 20 out of 21 crystal
    space groups with no symmetry centers.
     Piezoelectric materials may be organic or inorganic solids.
    They may contain intrinsic electric fields,
     especially if unequally charged substances are present in
    their structures. Piezoelectric materials should
     be specified, although α-quartz is most commonly used for
    presently constructed sensors. Ferroelectrics
     are materials, initially isotropic, that are subsequently
    polarized above their Curie temperature by application
     of a strong electric field to induce anisotropy (poling) and
    strong piezoelectric properties.
     crystals have a preferred direction, the poling direction,
    called “z”.
    Cont…
    If a force is applied to any crystal, then the crystal
    atoms are displaced slightly
    from their normal positions in the lattice. This
    displacement x is proportional to the
    applied force F:
     i.e., in the steady state,
    X=1/k(f)
    Cont…
    The stiffness k of the crystal is large, typically 2 × 109
    Nm−1. The dynamic relation
    between x and F can be represented by the second-
    order transfer function:

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