QUEST INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY PERAK Faculty of Business, Management and Social Sciences

MALAYSIAN STUDIES
Prepared For: Mr. Palaniappan Periannan Lecturer: MPW1133

Prepared by:

Malathi (BBA00069) Vashini (BCS00097) Lim Pei Shan (BBA00090) Priya (BCS00113) Balvinajit Kaur (BBA00063) Topic: State and elaborate the chronological of colonization in Malaya since 1511 1641.

INTRODUCTION

We had chosen the chronological for colonization in Malaysia since 1511-1641. Before that we go through the : Malacca history and The meaning of colonization VASHINI

=> Brief history of Malacca > Parameswara - Melaka tree (mouse deer and the dog) > International relationship

>
1.

Reasons for the glory of Malacca

Excellent rulers Protection from China Efficient administration Strategic location Appointment of Syahbandar for each of traders Facilities at the port Great entry port

2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

> Organizational chart

Sultan

Bendahara

Penghulu Bendahari

Temenggung

Laksamana

Syahbandar

> The Sultans of Malacca

Parameswara 1400-1414 Sultan Megat Iskandar Syah 1414-1424 Sultan Muhammad Syah 1424-1444 Sultan Abu Syahid 1444-1445 Sultan Muzaffar Syah 1456-1477 Sultan Mansur Syah 1456-1477 Sulatan Alaudin Riayat Syah 1477-1488 Sultan Mahmud Syah 1477-1511

Colonization ~ Chronologia Latin word

> which is the science of arraging events in their order of occurance in time, such as the of a time line or sequence of events. ~ is the act or process of establishing a colony or colonies.

Subtopics which related to the chronological of colonization in Malaya since 1511 1641. > Subtopics are:
Reason Portuguese came to Malacca Reason Malacca was defeated by Portuguese Effects of Portuguese colony Reason Portuguese colonization ended

Why Portuguese venture to the East ?

Discover foreign lands Searching for Guinea gold Search for the mythical priest-king Strategic position

priya

 Discover

foreign lands

expand their tiny kingdom

~ Prince Henry (1394 -1460) - to increase their knowledge - expand their trading activities

 Searching
precious

for Guinea gold

Asian spices

- in flavoring and preserving their food - sold at exorbitant prices - high demand - exp: pepper, cloves, ginger, cinnamon, nutmeg, etc

Search for the mythical priest-

king

~ Prester John
- ruling over a powerful Christian kingdom
- known as the indies

> to conquer the Muslims

 Stategic location

Malacca was an ideal location, half way along the sea route between India and China. As an entrepot, it became a center for trade:
Silk and porcelain from China. Textiles from Gujarat and Coromandel in India. Camphor from Borneo. Sandalwood from Timor Nutmeg, mace, & cloves from the Moluccas. Gold & pepper from Sumatra. Tin from Western Malaya.

Reasons fall of Malacca

Weak ruling of Government Hostility among the races Disloyalty The strength of the Portuguese army

malathi

Weak ruling Government

After Tun Perak death - no successor capable of running the state of Malacca Tun Putih - old, weak and barely able to carry out his duties, after his death Tun Mutahir -more corcerned about his welfare

The reign of Sultan Mahmud Syah - paid no heed to the administration of the government - encouraged much bribery - and corruption among them > Sulatan Mahmud descended the throne and allow his successor Sultan Ahmad Shah - the administration of Mlacca deterioted - because was young and lacked experience

Hostility among the races

Tun Mutahir - Tamil-Islam > favored his relatives and reserved important administration positions in the government for them Dissatisfaction - among the malay-muslims and tamil-muslims - and the racial tension

Did not believe loyalty to the government - some backed the Portuguese - for instance > Chinese merchant > Tamil merchant The Javanese army hired by government - abounded - their were not wiling to die

The strength of the Portuguese army

Better equipped than their Malacca counterparts and possessed advanced weapons , like guns and cannons Alfonso dAlbuquerque - capable and experienced Malacca army used medieval weapons - Kris, swords, spears and lances Portuguese was more disciplined and experienced

The effects of colonization

Culture Trade Religion
balvina

Culture

Brought them a new - culture and religion start a school - St. Pauls College for all races Encouraged to marry local girls - were a strong Eurasian community

Words from their language used by the malays - exp : alamari (alamario), bendera(bandera),mentega (mantaga), garfu (garfo) , maja(mesa)

RELIGION

Portuguese are the first European to come to the east and they brought with them a new religion.

Their missionaries taught the Christian faith in India, Melaka, the Moluccas Islands, Macao and Japan.

The most famous missionary was St. Francis Xavier. He arrived in Melaka from Goa in 1545 and traveled to many parts of Asia such as Japan, India and Amboyna to spread christianity. He was the first man to start a school St. Pauls College in Malacca in 1548 for pupils of races. St. Francis Xavier died on Sanchan Island off the coast of China in December 1552. His body was brought to Malacca and later taken back to Goa, where it is kept till today.

CULTURE

The Portuguese were encouraged to marry local girls and soon there were a strong Eurasian community. Today, there are Portuguese Eurasians in Malacca and other towns of Malaysia and many of them speak a Portuguese dialect. Though the Portuguese lost Malacca more than 300 years ago, many words from their language are still used by the Malays. Some of the examples include almari (almario), bendera (bandera), mentega (mantaga), garfu (garfo) and meja (mesa).

TRADE

 It

soon became clear that Portuguese control of Malacca did not mean they now controlled Asian trade that centred around it.

Their

Malacca rule was marred with difficulties: they could not become self-supporting and remained reliant on Asian suppliers (as had their Malay predecessors they were short of both funds and manpower; and administration was hampered by organisational confusion and command overlap, corruption and inefficiency.

Competition from other ports such as Johor saw Asian traders bypass Malacca and the city began to decline as a trading port.

Rather than achieving their ambition of dominating it, the Portuguese had fundamentally disrupted the organisation of the Asian trade network rather than a centralised port of exchange of Asian wealth exchange, or a Malay state to police the Straits of Malacca that made it safe for commercial traffic, trade was now scattered over a number of ports amongst bitter warfare in the Straits.

 Malacca

was later conquered by the Dutch in a joint military campaign in January 1641. The Portuguese fortress, however, did not fall to the force of Dutch or Johor's arms as much as to famine and disease that had brutally decimated the surviving population.[7] Through the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, Malacca became a colony of the United Kingdom. In 1957, Malacca joined other Malay states to form Malaya and in 1963, together with Sarawak, Sabah and Singapore formed Malaysia

Reason Portuguese Colonial Ended

130 years Portuguese colonial occupation of Malacca ended in 1641. Joanne

Reason Portuguese Colonial Ended

Repeated

attacks from Johor and Acheh The Condition in Fatherland, Portugal Comprehension plan Position of Portuguese in Malacca unstable

 Repeated

attacks from Johor and Acheh

Faced repeated attacks from Johor

- Wanted to rule Malacca back

Repeated attacks from Acheh Get help from another European power
- DUTCH

The

Condition in Fatherland, Portugal

The Union of Portugal to Spain - Succession Crisis King Sebastian of Portugal and his only heir died
- Succeeded by Philip II of Spain - Position of Portuguese in the East weaken

Dutch-Portuguese War
- Dutch chased out Portuguese from Malay Archipelago

 Comprehensive

Plan

First timid attempt (1602-1603) blockaded Malacca by sea Attacked Portuguese with the help of Johor and set the town under siege (1606) 1640, the fierce fighting started
- Large number of sails and troops - Attacked the fortress A Famosa - Repeated attacked with the help of Johor

Position of Portuguese in Malacca was unstable

The economics unstable

- Traders turn to other ports like Johor, Acheh and Demak

Securities of Malacca
- Johor and Acheh were attacking

CONCLUSION

What happened on Malacca 1511-1641

The Portuguese - Why Portuguese came to Malacca? - Why Malacca defeated by Portuguese ? - Effects of Portuguese colony - Reason Portuguese colonization ended
We need to know the strength and the weakness of our country so we will not be the same situation there had been.