FACIAL RECOGNITION

Each and every face has numerous, distinguishable landmarks, like the different peaks and valleys that make up facial features. These landmarks are the nodal points or hot spots. Each human face has approximately 80 nodal points divided by the software. These nodal points are measured creating a numerical code, called a face print or template, representing the face in the database. 35-40 nodes need to match. Size- 84 bytes to 2kilo bytes.

TYPES:
Eigen face technology Local Feature analysis Artificial neural network

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM

camera Original image Face detector training updating training Face database Face detected Local features

updating

Face localized

Local feature database

Face image Face recognizer

Recognize/ reject

decision training

Face normalized
updating Facial features

Person database

EIGENFACE TECHNOLOGY
Based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Eigen face algorithm. A number of 2-D grayscale templates called Eigenfaces constructed.

1.TRAINING

4.LOG-IN

3.EIGEN FACE CONSTRUCTION

2.ENROLLMENT

LOCAL FEATURE ANALYSIS

Image hot spots

Local feature extraction and analysis Pattern or template construction

Some of the local features are:

Distance between the eyes. Width of the nose. Depth of the eye sockets. Eyebrows. Mouth. The shape, curvature of the cheekbones. Cheek line, chin. The length of the jaw line.

Person database

Match?

Recognize /reject

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Massively connected parallel network.
Analogous to the human nervous system and the brain. They can be trained to learn, so they provide the best face recognition system available.

FEATURE EXTRACTION

REAL LIFE SYSTEMS

camera Flash memory with math coprocessor and Digital Signal Processing card along with the processor by Neuro metric vision systems.

Online video surveillance by

APPLICATIONS:
Law enforcement agencies to counter terrorismFBI,CIA.

Eliminating voter frauds-Mexico, USA.

Cashing verification and ATM-Banks. Computer, mobile phones and other system security.

ADVANTAGES
Contact-less, fast, simple, less intrusive. Commonly available sensors (cameras). Large amounts of existing data to allow background and/or watch list checks.

Easy for humans to verify results.

DISADVANTAGES
Face can be obstructed by hair, glasses, hats, scarves etc. Expensive. Sensitive to variations like:

background lighting facial expressions, facial hair in men face changes over time appearance and make-up, hair styles head positions camera scale.
FACE MATCHING