Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DR.T.V.RAO MD
12-10-2012
The work environment has changed with the development of new technology. Laboratories have always seen the need for change and development, there has been increased pressure to improve performance, tighten margins, improve quality and reduce costs
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
DR.T.V.RAO MD
12-10-2012
MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY
Clinical Microbiology comprises essentially seven sections. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology Mycology
Mycobacteriology (also called Acid-fast Bacteriology, AFB)
Parasitology
Virology Serology Molecular diagnostics (PCR & DNA probe technology)
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DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
Urinalysis Section In this section detailed report of urine samples including physical, chemical, microscopic examination is be prepared.
DR.T.V.RAO MD
12-10-2012
DIVISION OF PARASITOLOGY
Parasitology Section Parasitology section deals with intestinal parasites. Samples of faeces are examined here for the presence of any intestinal parasite. Slides are prepared here inside a safety cabinet.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
Blood cultures, Wounds Culture and Sensitivity Section Culture of wound swab, pus, aspirates, body fluids including CSF are the responsibility of this section.
DR.T.V.RAO MD
12-10-2012
Blood Culture and Sensitivity Section In this section culturing of blood samples is carried out. Nowadays, this section is equipped by machines such as Bactec 9240, flourometric instruments. Each instrument is capable of running 240 samples at a time.
DR.T.V.RAO MD
12-10-2012
SEROLOGY SECTION
Serology Section In serology section immunological and serological tests are performed by different techniques like Latex agglutination, haemagglutination and antibody absorption.
DR.T.V.RAO MD
12-10-2012
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MYCOBACTERIOLOGY
Mycobacteriology Culture & Sensitivity Section In this section all TB smear, culture and sensitivity performed in two Biosafety II and III cabinets to avoid risk of infection
DR.T.V.RAO MD
12-10-2012
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Regardless of the organisation of a Microbiology Laboratory, the main aim is providing the client (the physician) with accurate and reliable results to assist the process of clinical treatment.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
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DR.T.V.RAO MD
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refrigerator or freezer
DR.T.V.RAO MD
12-10-2012
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DIRECT METHODS
1. Macroscopic evaluation
2. Direct microscopy
3. Electron microscopy 4. Staining 5. Rapid tests 6. Molecular methods
No propagation required
DR.T.V.RAO MD
12-10-2012
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Blood
Visible parasites
Helminths
segments
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
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DIRECT MICROSCOPY
Wet mount technique hanging drop Dark background microscope fragile organisms (e.g. spirochetes) Viability maintained mobility may be observed
Observations
DR.T.V.RAO MD
12-10-2012
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STAINING
A specific staining
Gram staining
Specific staining with chemicals Ziehl Neelsen staining (Mycobacteria)
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RAPID TESTS
Goals
DR.T.V.RAO MD
12-10-2012
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Virology
most agents can be propagated on cells
Parasitology
monocellular organisms can be propagated in culture media
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
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PERSONNEL
The following directorial functions are :
1- interpretation , correlation , and communication of lab data 2- interaction with physicians and/or medical staff , patient , administration . 3- monitoring of standard of performance , QC , QI. 4- provision of education programs , planning , research. 5- ensuring sufficient personnel with adequate documented training and experience to meet the needs of the lab .
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
6- he/she must be decision-maker in the selection of all lab equipment's and supplies . 21
PROPAGATION: ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
allows anti-microbial susceptibility testing
allows typing of the micro-organism allows storage of the strain
Disadvantages
depends upon the viability/condition of the agent takes time
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
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DETECTING ANTIBODIES
Precipitation
Agglutination Haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition Viral neutralization test Radio-immunoassays ELISA Immunofluorescence Immmunoblotting Immunochromatographic
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
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inexpensive
easy to perform allows identification of
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Regulatory Compliance
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Standard III
Standard IV
DR.T.V.RAO MD
12-10-2012
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CHECKLISTS
Guide the inspection by assisting with the interpretation of desired Standards Provide guidelines for development of laboratory policies, procedures and processes Help ensure accurate, reliable test results Ensure a focus on patient safety
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
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This system must ensure optimum patient specimen and integrity of the result throughout the pre-analytical , analytical , and post-analytical process.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
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QI / QA
SUPERVISION
Judgment of the acceptability of QC data must be made at least monthly by the lab director . Because of many variables , the CAP makes no specific recommendations on the frequency of any additional assessment / review of QC data. There must be evidence of active review of records of instrument function , temp , and maintenance , for all routine procedures on all shifts.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
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QI / QA
The lab must have documented system in operation to detect and correct significant clerical and analytical errors. One common method is review of results by a qualified person before release from the lab , but there is no requirement for supervisory review of all reported data. The selective use of delta checks also may be useful in detecting clerical errors in consecutive samples from the same patient. In computerized lab , there should be automatic alarm for improbable results.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12-10-2012
SUPERVISION
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Modern laboratories around the world are now enjoying the benefit of decades of development in technology State of the Art" instrumentation are common in most laboratories Walkway, high throughput analyzers are employed for routine and specialized testing
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12-10-2012
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